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Microhaplotypes (MHs) consisting of multiple SNPs and indels on short stretches of DNA are new and interesting loci for forensic genetic investigations. In this study, we analysed 74 previously defined MHs in two of the populations that our laboratory provides with forensic genetic services, Danes and Greenlanders. In addition to the 229 SNPs that originally made up the 74 MHs, 66 SNPs and 3 indels were identified in the two populations, and 45 of these variants were included in new definitions of the MHs, whereas 24 SNPs were considered rare and of little value for case work. The average effective number of alleles (Ae) was 3.2, 3.0, and 2.6 in Danes, West Greenlanders, and East Greenlanders, respectively. High levels of linkage disequilibrium were observed in East Greenlanders, which reflects the characteristics of this population that has a small size, and signs of admixture and substructure. Pairwise kinship simulations of full siblings, half-siblings, first cousins, and unrelated individuals were performed using allele frequencies from MHs, STRs and SNPs from Danish and Greenlandic populations. The MH panel outperformed the currently used STR and SNP marker sets and was able to differentiate siblings from unrelated individuals with a 0% false positive rate and a 1.1% false negative rate using an LR threshold of 10,000 in the Danish population. However, the panel was not able to differentiate half-siblings or first cousins from unrelated individuals. The results generated in this study will be used to implement MHs as investigative markers for relationship testing in our laboratory

Microhaplotypes (MHs) consisting of multiple SNPs and indels on short stretches of DNA are new and interesting loci for forensic genetic investigations. In this study, we analysed 74 previously defined MHs in two of the populations that our laboratory provides with forensic genetic services, Danes and Greenlanders. In addition to the 229 SNPs that originally made up the 74 MHs, 66 SNPs and 3 indels were identified in the two populations, and 45 of these variants were included in new definitions of the MHs, whereas 24 SNPs were considered rare and of little value for case work. The average effective number of alleles (Ae) was 3.2, 3.0, and 2.6 in Danes, West Greenlanders, and East Greenlanders, respectively. High levels of linkage disequilibrium were observed in East Greenlanders, which reflects the characteristics of this population that has a small size, and signs of admixture and substructure. Pairwise kinship simulations of full siblings, half-siblings, first cousins, and unrelated individuals were performed using allele frequencies from MHs, STRs and SNPs from Danish and Greenlandic populations. The MH panel outperformed the currently used STR and SNP marker sets and was able to differentiate siblings from unrelated individuals with a 0% false positive rate and a 1.1% false negative rate using an LR threshold of 10,000 in the Danish population. However, the panel was not able to differentiate half-siblings or first cousins from unrelated individuals. The results generated in this study will be used to implement MHs as investigative markers for relationship testing in our laboratory

Terrorism has always been present in contemporary societies, making us part of our day-to-day life. It is important to take into account precise definitions of this phenomenon; their differences and social interactions; define the forms of diffusion of the messages, their interaction through the Media, as well as, try to minimize their effects. The hypercommunication society in which we now live facilitates public visibility, and the actions that the terrorists try to energize, is based on communication as the main key in the public diffusion of their acts. The change in communications paradigms, resulting above all from a growing technological capabilities, accessible to all, makes it possible to spread items around the world, shaping public opinion and giving terrorists a information and communication. The fact that current media work in a cyber perspective and through multiplatform devices, allows the achievement of a broader and faster way of achieving the objectives of terrorists, achieving a much more attentive audience, capable of interacting with much more positive. The analysis of reactions through social networks by communities affected by terrorism can be particularly interesting, as well as of their "opponents", as in the case of Christian and Muslim societies in terrorist attacks by Islamic radicals in Europe. Such as the London atack in March 2017. We adress a case study in a portuguese forum., O terrorismo sempre esteve presente nas sociedades contemporâneas, fazendo, infelizmente, parte do nosso dia-a-dia. Dessa forma, são importantes definições precisas desse fenómeno; suas diferenças e interações sociais; definir as formas de difusão das mensagens, sua interação através dos media, assim como, tentar minimizar os seus efeitos. A sociedade da hipercomunicação em que vivemos atualmente facilita a visibilidade pública, e as ações que os terroristas tentam dinamizar, tem por base a comunicação como chave principal na difusão pública dos seus atos. A alteração dos paradigmas da comunicação, resultantes acima de tudo, de um crescente aumento das capacidades tecnológicas, acessíveis a todos, torna possível a difusão de itens por todo o Mundo, moldando a opinião pública e concedendo uma posição de destaque aos terroristas na gestão da informação e comunicação. O facto de os media atuais trabalharem numa perspetiva “cyber” e através de dispositivos multi-plataformas, permite a concretização de forma mais abrangente e célere os objetivos dos terroristas, conseguindo atingir uma franja de público muito mais atenta aos seus interesses, capazes de interagir de forma muito mais positiva. A análise das reações através das redes sociais por parte das comunidades afetadas pelo terrorismo, pode ser particularmente interessante, assim como das que são suas “oponentes”, como no caso das sociedades cristãs e muçulmanas aquando de atentados terroristas pelos radicais islâmicos na europa, de que é exemplo o atentado de Londres em março de 2017. Um aspeto que trataremos num estudo de caso de um fórum português.

Terrorism has always been present in contemporary societies, making us part of our day-to-day life. It is important to take into account precise definitions of this phenomenon; their differences and social interactions; define the forms of diffusion of the messages, their interaction through the Media, as well as, try to minimize their effects. The hypercommunication society in which we now live facilitates public visibility, and the actions that the terrorists try to energize, is based on communication as the main key in the public diffusion of their acts. The change in communications paradigms, resulting above all from a growing technological capabilities, accessible to all, makes it possible to spread items around the world, shaping public opinion and giving terrorists a information and communication. The fact that current media work in a cyber perspective and through multiplatform devices, allows the achievement of a broader and faster way of achieving the objectives of terrorists, achieving a much more attentive audience, capable of interacting with much more positive. The analysis of reactions through social networks by communities affected by terrorism can be particularly interesting, as well as of their "opponents", as in the case of Christian and Muslim societies in terrorist attacks by Islamic radicals in Europe. Such as the London atack in March 2017. We adress a case study in a portuguese forum., O terrorismo sempre esteve presente nas sociedades contemporâneas, fazendo, infelizmente, parte do nosso dia-a-dia. Dessa forma, são importantes definições precisas desse fenómeno; suas diferenças e interações sociais; definir as formas de difusão das mensagens, sua interação através dos media, assim como, tentar minimizar os seus efeitos. A sociedade da hipercomunicação em que vivemos atualmente facilita a visibilidade pública, e as ações que os terroristas tentam dinamizar, tem por base a comunicação como chave principal na difusão pública dos seus atos. A alteração dos paradigmas da comunicação, resultantes acima de tudo, de um crescente aumento das capacidades tecnológicas, acessíveis a todos, torna possível a difusão de itens por todo o Mundo, moldando a opinião pública e concedendo uma posição de destaque aos terroristas na gestão da informação e comunicação. O facto de os media atuais trabalharem numa perspetiva “cyber” e através de dispositivos multi-plataformas, permite a concretização de forma mais abrangente e célere os objetivos dos terroristas, conseguindo atingir uma franja de público muito mais atenta aos seus interesses, capazes de interagir de forma muito mais positiva. A análise das reações através das redes sociais por parte das comunidades afetadas pelo terrorismo, pode ser particularmente interessante, assim como das que são suas “oponentes”, como no caso das sociedades cristãs e muçulmanas aquando de atentados terroristas pelos radicais islâmicos na europa, de que é exemplo o atentado de Londres em março de 2017. Um aspeto que trataremos num estudo de caso de um fórum português.

Managing coastal risk at the regional scale requires a prioritization of resources along the shoreline. A transparent and rigorous risk assessment should inform managers and stakeholders in their choices. This requires advances in modelling assessment (e.g., consideration of source and pathway conditions to define the probability of occurrence, nonlinear dynamics of the physical processes, better recognition of systemic impacts and non-economic losses) and open-source tools facilitating stakeholders' engagement in the process.This paper discusses how the Coastal Risk Assessment Framework (CRAF) has been developed as part of the Resilience Increasing Strategies for Coasts Toolkit (RISC-KIT). The framework provides two levels of analysis. A coastal index approach is first recommended to narrow down the risk analysis to a reduced number of sectors which are subsequently geographically grouped into potential hotspots. For the second level of analysis an integrated modelling approach improves the regional risk assessment of the identified hotspots by increasing the spatial resolution of the hazard modelling by using innovative process-based multi-hazard models, by including generic vulnerability indicators in the impact assessment, and by calculating regional systemic impact indicators. A multi-criteria analysis of these indicators is performed to rank the hotspots and support the stakeholders in their selection.The CRAF has been applied and validated on ten European case studies with only small deviation to areas already recognised as high risk. The flexibility of the framework is essential to adapt the assessment to the specific region characteristics. The involvement of stakeholders is crucial not only to select the hotpots and validate the results, but also to support the collection of information and the valuation of assets at risk. As such, the CRAF permits a comprehensive and systemic risk analysis of the regional coast in order to identify and to select higher ri, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Accidentally discovered in 1951, during the construction of the link road between the historic city and the railroad station, the archaeological site of Mileu quickly became one of the most emblematic archaeological sites of Beira Interior. In this article we plan to present the results of research that we have developed on the site over the past15 years, highlighting the analysis of the ceramic material while dating element of the different occupation phases of Mileu. Their analysis confirms an occupational sequence from the first half of the century A.D. to the XII / XIII centuries. The analyzed Roman materials are primarily imported, allowing not only a dating of contexts, but also how to understand their origin, the context of its use, or issues related to the trade routes within the Roman Empire and crossing the territory of Beira Interior. As for the medieval materials, local production, show the continuation of the occupation site in post-Roman times, Accidentalmente descubierto en 1951, durante la construcción de la carretera de enlace entre la ciudad histórica y la estación de ferrocarril, el yacimiento arqueológico de Mileu se convirtió rápidamente en uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más emblemáticos de la Beira Interior. En este artículo, tenemos la intención de presentarlos resultados de la investigación que hemos desarrollado en el sitio en los últimos 15 años, destacando el análisis del material cerámico como elemento de datación de las diferentes fases de ocupación de Mileu. Su análisis confirma una secuencia ocupacional desde la primera mitad del siglo I A.D hasta los siglos XII / XIII. Los materiales romanos analizados son principalmente de importación, permitiendo no solo una datación de contextos, sino también comprender su origen, el contexto de su uso o cuestiones relacionadas con las rutas comerciales dentro del Imperio Romano y el cruce del territorio de la Beira Interior. En cuanto a los materiales medievales, de producción local, muestran la continuación de la ocupación del yacimiento en épocas pos-romana.

Accidentally discovered in 1951, during the construction of the link road between the historic city and the railroad station, the archaeological site of Mileu quickly became one of the most emblematic archaeological sites of Beira Interior. In this article we plan to present the results of research that we have developed on the site over the past15 years, highlighting the analysis of the ceramic material while dating element of the different occupation phases of Mileu. Their analysis confirms an occupational sequence from the first half of the century A.D. to the XII / XIII centuries. The analyzed Roman materials are primarily imported, allowing not only a dating of contexts, but also how to understand their origin, the context of its use, or issues related to the trade routes within the Roman Empire and crossing the territory of Beira Interior. As for the medieval materials, local production, show the continuation of the occupation site in post-Roman times, Accidentalmente descubierto en 1951, durante la construcción de la carretera de enlace entre la ciudad histórica y la estación de ferrocarril, el yacimiento arqueológico de Mileu se convirtió rápidamente en uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más emblemáticos de la Beira Interior. En este artículo, tenemos la intención de presentarlos resultados de la investigación que hemos desarrollado en el sitio en los últimos 15 años, destacando el análisis del material cerámico como elemento de datación de las diferentes fases de ocupación de Mileu. Su análisis confirma una secuencia ocupacional desde la primera mitad del siglo I A.D hasta los siglos XII / XIII. Los materiales romanos analizados son principalmente de importación, permitiendo no solo una datación de contextos, sino también comprender su origen, el contexto de su uso o cuestiones relacionadas con las rutas comerciales dentro del Imperio Romano y el cruce del territorio de la Beira Interior. En cuanto a los materiales medievales, de producción local, muestran la continuación de la ocupación del yacimiento en épocas pos-romana.

Sign.: a8, A-O8, Error de paginación, de p. 210 a p. 213, correjidas a mano, Frontispicio calcográfico: "Architecture militaire compose par le P. G. F. D. L. C. D. I."

Vergara y Martín, G. M., dice que M. F. de Villareal es seud. de Antonio Enríquez Gómez, El lugar de port. posiblemente es Francia, Sign.: ¯a±8÷, ¯e±4÷, A-L±12÷, M±1÷, Port. con viñeta xil., La h. de grab. calc., retrato del Cardenal Richelieu, en ¯e÷4±

An effective immune system is essential for constant surveillance of potential threats to the organism, its’ primary role being to provide resistance to infection. Thus, the immune system must be able to discriminate between pathogenic and self or harmless foreign antigens in order to not only achieve a productive immune response but also to avert unwarranted hyperreactivity and the potential development of autoimmunity. A delicate balance between these two fundamental requirements of the immune system must therefore exist. T cells take central roles in the orchestration of the immune response. They are responsible for adaptive cell-mediated immunity and as such they can eliminate infected cells, produce cytokines that help in the resolution of the infection, stimulate other cells of the immune system to participate in the immune response and turn into long-lived memory cells. It is not surprising then that a wealth of mechanisms exist in order to ensure that T cells mediate immunity against pathogenic antigens but not to self or harmless ones. Indeed, various checkpoints in T cell development exist in the thymus to enable, on the one hand a large pool of diverse and functional T cells capable of recognising virtually all antigens while, on the other hand, eliminating self-reactive T cells. As some self-reactive T cells manage to leave the thymus, additional mechanisms have evolved to continually protect against auto-reactive and allergic inflammatory responses in the periphery. These mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include cell-mediated suppression of T cell responses, T cell apoptosis and T cell anergy. Anergy is a long-lived, cell-intrinsic mechanism that is characterised by cell cycle progression arrest and reduced IL-2 production. While T cell priming requires recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC and co-stimulation via the interaction of its CD28 receptor with CD80/86 on an APC, recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC wit

Esta obra aparece con el mismo texto, variando en tít.: "El politico cristianissimo o discursos politicos sobre algunas acciones de la vida del Eminentissimo señor Cardenal duque de Richelieu / por el Capitan M. F. de Villareal.- En Pamplona: en casa de Iuan Antonio Berdun, 1642", 12º, Vergara y Martín, G. M., dice que M. F. de Villareal es seud. de Antonio Enríquez Gómez, El lugar de ed., posiblemente es Francia, Sign.: ¯a-¯i±4÷, A-H±4÷, I±2÷, La h. pleg. es el árbol genealógico de los Plessis, Las h. de grab. calc.: "Masne fe. et ex." del retrato del Cardenal Richelieu y otra con su esc., sin firma

An effective immune system is essential for constant surveillance of potential threats to the organism, its’ primary role being to provide resistance to infection. Thus, the immune system must be able to discriminate between pathogenic and self or harmless foreign antigens in order to not only achieve a productive immune response but also to avert unwarranted hyperreactivity and the potential development of autoimmunity. A delicate balance between these two fundamental requirements of the immune system must therefore exist. T cells take central roles in the orchestration of the immune response. They are responsible for adaptive cell-mediated immunity and as such they can eliminate infected cells, produce cytokines that help in the resolution of the infection, stimulate other cells of the immune system to participate in the immune response and turn into long-lived memory cells. It is not surprising then that a wealth of mechanisms exist in order to ensure that T cells mediate immunity against pathogenic antigens but not to self or harmless ones. Indeed, various checkpoints in T cell development exist in the thymus to enable, on the one hand a large pool of diverse and functional T cells capable of recognising virtually all antigens while, on the other hand, eliminating self-reactive T cells. As some self-reactive T cells manage to leave the thymus, additional mechanisms have evolved to continually protect against auto-reactive and allergic inflammatory responses in the periphery. These mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include cell-mediated suppression of T cell responses, T cell apoptosis and T cell anergy. Anergy is a long-lived, cell-intrinsic mechanism that is characterised by cell cycle progression arrest and reduced IL-2 production. While T cell priming requires recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC and co-stimulation via the interaction of its CD28 receptor with CD80/86 on an APC, recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC wit

Vergara y Martín, G. M., dice que M. F. de Villareal es seud. de Antonio Enríquez Gómez, El lugar de port. posiblemente es Francia, Sign.: ¯a±8÷, ¯e±4÷, A-L±12÷, M±1÷, Port. con viñeta xil., La h. de grab. calc., retrato del Cardenal Richelieu, en ¯e÷4±

An effective immune system is essential for constant surveillance of potential threats to the organism, its’ primary role being to provide resistance to infection. Thus, the immune system must be able to discriminate between pathogenic and self or harmless foreign antigens in order to not only achieve a productive immune response but also to avert unwarranted hyperreactivity and the potential development of autoimmunity. A delicate balance between these two fundamental requirements of the immune system must therefore exist. T cells take central roles in the orchestration of the immune response. They are responsible for adaptive cell-mediated immunity and as such they can eliminate infected cells, produce cytokines that help in the resolution of the infection, stimulate other cells of the immune system to participate in the immune response and turn into long-lived memory cells. It is not surprising then that a wealth of mechanisms exist in order to ensure that T cells mediate immunity against pathogenic antigens but not to self or harmless ones. Indeed, various checkpoints in T cell development exist in the thymus to enable, on the one hand a large pool of diverse and functional T cells capable of recognising virtually all antigens while, on the other hand, eliminating self-reactive T cells. As some self-reactive T cells manage to leave the thymus, additional mechanisms have evolved to continually protect against auto-reactive and allergic inflammatory responses in the periphery. These mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include cell-mediated suppression of T cell responses, T cell apoptosis and T cell anergy. Anergy is a long-lived, cell-intrinsic mechanism that is characterised by cell cycle progression arrest and reduced IL-2 production. While T cell priming requires recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC and co-stimulation via the interaction of its CD28 receptor with CD80/86 on an APC, recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC wit

An effective immune system is essential for constant surveillance of potential threats to the organism, its’ primary role being to provide resistance to infection. Thus, the immune system must be able to discriminate between pathogenic and self or harmless foreign antigens in order to not only achieve a productive immune response but also to avert unwarranted hyperreactivity and the potential development of autoimmunity. A delicate balance between these two fundamental requirements of the immune system must therefore exist. T cells take central roles in the orchestration of the immune response. They are responsible for adaptive cell-mediated immunity and as such they can eliminate infected cells, produce cytokines that help in the resolution of the infection, stimulate other cells of the immune system to participate in the immune response and turn into long-lived memory cells. It is not surprising then that a wealth of mechanisms exist in order to ensure that T cells mediate immunity against pathogenic antigens but not to self or harmless ones. Indeed, various checkpoints in T cell development exist in the thymus to enable, on the one hand a large pool of diverse and functional T cells capable of recognising virtually all antigens while, on the other hand, eliminating self-reactive T cells. As some self-reactive T cells manage to leave the thymus, additional mechanisms have evolved to continually protect against auto-reactive and allergic inflammatory responses in the periphery. These mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include cell-mediated suppression of T cell responses, T cell apoptosis and T cell anergy. Anergy is a long-lived, cell-intrinsic mechanism that is characterised by cell cycle progression arrest and reduced IL-2 production. While T cell priming requires recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC and co-stimulation via the interaction of its CD28 receptor with CD80/86 on an APC, recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC wit

An effective immune system is essential for constant surveillance of potential threats to the organism, its’ primary role being to provide resistance to infection. Thus, the immune system must be able to discriminate between pathogenic and self or harmless foreign antigens in order to not only achieve a productive immune response but also to avert unwarranted hyperreactivity and the potential development of autoimmunity. A delicate balance between these two fundamental requirements of the immune system must therefore exist. T cells take central roles in the orchestration of the immune response. They are responsible for adaptive cell-mediated immunity and as such they can eliminate infected cells, produce cytokines that help in the resolution of the infection, stimulate other cells of the immune system to participate in the immune response and turn into long-lived memory cells. It is not surprising then that a wealth of mechanisms exist in order to ensure that T cells mediate immunity against pathogenic antigens but not to self or harmless ones. Indeed, various checkpoints in T cell development exist in the thymus to enable, on the one hand a large pool of diverse and functional T cells capable of recognising virtually all antigens while, on the other hand, eliminating self-reactive T cells. As some self-reactive T cells manage to leave the thymus, additional mechanisms have evolved to continually protect against auto-reactive and allergic inflammatory responses in the periphery. These mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include cell-mediated suppression of T cell responses, T cell apoptosis and T cell anergy. Anergy is a long-lived, cell-intrinsic mechanism that is characterised by cell cycle progression arrest and reduced IL-2 production. While T cell priming requires recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC and co-stimulation via the interaction of its CD28 receptor with CD80/86 on an APC, recognition of the cognate antigen in the context of MHC wit

Port. e texto con orla tip, Pé de imp. tomado do colofón, Sign.: A-L\p4\s, M\p3\s