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Purpose: To analyse the relationship between the different habits that occur in childhood and the different malocclusions in the three planes of space. Material and methods: A clinical examination of 106 children between 5 and 12 years of age was carried out and a survey validated by professors of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Seville was made for the parents in order to identify the habits and relate them to the possible malocclusions detected in the child’s mouth. Results: 72.64% of the sample presented a malocclusion in at least one of the three planes of space, with a similar distribution. When correlating the variables, statistically significant relationships were observed in the vertical plane with atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and lip sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and in the horizontal plane with oral breathing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3), atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3) and digital sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3). Conclusions: It has been observed that the prevalence and prolongation of habits in childhood is increasing, so it is essential to detect pernicious habits at an early age to prevent the establishment of malocclusions and to favour the correct craniofacial growth of the child.

Syfte: Syfte med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka oral hälsa hos barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom Metod: Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie där sökningarna genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL, MEDLINE och Dentistry & oral sciences source (DOSS). Vetenskapliga artiklar som svarade på studiens syfte valdes utifrån inklusions- och exklusionskriterier samt relevanta sökord. Resultat: Totalt granskades 22 kvantitativa studier som visade att barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom hade sämre munhygien, fler orala sjukdomar och bettavvikelser jämfört med barn och ungdomar utan Downs syndrom. De redovisade orala sjukdomarna/ tillstånden var karies, gingivit, parodontit, oral candidos, bettavvikelser, attrition, agenesi och dental erosion. Riskfaktorer som kan påverka utveckling av orala sjukdomar och bettutvecklings störningar var exempelvis munhygienvanor och oralmotoriska faktorer. Slutsats: Barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom har en ökad risk att drabbas av orala sjukdomar och bettavvikelser. Genom ökad kunskap om den orala hälsan hos barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom kan tandhygienister arbeta förebyggande och motivera till stöd och omhändertagande för denna riskgrupp., Aim: The aim of this literature study was to investigate oral health in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Method: The study is a general literature study where the searches were carried out in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and Dentistry & oral sciences source (DOSS). Scientific articles that responded to the purpose of the study were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant keywords. Results: A total of 22 quantitative studies were reviewed which showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome had poorer oral hygiene, more oral diseases and malocclusions compared to children and adolescents without Down syndrome. The reported oral diseases/conditions were caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidosis, malocclusions, attrition, agenesis and dental erosion. Risk factors that can influence the development of oral diseases and malocclusions, for example, oral hygiene habits and oral motor factors. Conclusion: Children and young people with Down syndrome have an increased risk of suffering from oral diseases and malocclusions. Through increased knowledge about the oral health of children and young people with Down syndrome, dental hygienists can work preventively and motivate support and care for this risk group.

Syfte: Syfte med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka oral hälsa hos barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom Metod: Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie där sökningarna genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL, MEDLINE och Dentistry & oral sciences source (DOSS). Vetenskapliga artiklar som svarade på studiens syfte valdes utifrån inklusions- och exklusionskriterier samt relevanta sökord. Resultat: Totalt granskades 22 kvantitativa studier som visade att barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom hade sämre munhygien, fler orala sjukdomar och bettavvikelser jämfört med barn och ungdomar utan Downs syndrom. De redovisade orala sjukdomarna/ tillstånden var karies, gingivit, parodontit, oral candidos, bettavvikelser, attrition, agenesi och dental erosion. Riskfaktorer som kan påverka utveckling av orala sjukdomar och bettutvecklings störningar var exempelvis munhygienvanor och oralmotoriska faktorer. Slutsats: Barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom har en ökad risk att drabbas av orala sjukdomar och bettavvikelser. Genom ökad kunskap om den orala hälsan hos barn och ungdomar med Downs syndrom kan tandhygienister arbeta förebyggande och motivera till stöd och omhändertagande för denna riskgrupp., Aim: The aim of this literature study was to investigate oral health in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Method: The study is a general literature study where the searches were carried out in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and Dentistry & oral sciences source (DOSS). Scientific articles that responded to the purpose of the study were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant keywords. Results: A total of 22 quantitative studies were reviewed which showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome had poorer oral hygiene, more oral diseases and malocclusions compared to children and adolescents without Down syndrome. The reported oral diseases/conditions were caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidosis, malocclusions, attrition, agenesis and dental erosion. Risk factors that can influence the development of oral diseases and malocclusions, for example, oral hygiene habits and oral motor factors. Conclusion: Children and young people with Down syndrome have an increased risk of suffering from oral diseases and malocclusions. Through increased knowledge about the oral health of children and young people with Down syndrome, dental hygienists can work preventively and motivate support and care for this risk group.

Introduction: This study examines the vital interconnection between dentistry and speech therapy, focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of alterations in the stomatognathic system. Objective: The central objective of our research is to thoroughly analyze these alterations through a comprehensive assessment conducted by dentists and speech therapists, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration. Development: Issues such as the lingual frenulum and malocclusions are explored, highlighting open bite and Class II, Division 1, which are associated with difficulties in pronunciation. Anterior crossbite alters labial closure and resonance cavities, affecting the pronunciation of phonemes. Functional myotherapy emerges as a crucial strategy for corrections, with the speech therapist playing a key role in orofacial motility rehabilitation. Future Research Directions: Emphasizing the need for close collaboration between professionals to achieve comprehensive rehabilitation, we suggest that future research explore new techniques and approaches in this collaboration. Conclusions: The close relationship between dentistry and speech therapy is essential for efficiently addressing stomatognathic system alterations, emphasizing early identification and interdisciplinary intervention as fundamental for successful rehabilitation., Introducción: En este estudio, se examina la interconexión vital entre odontología y fonoaudiología, enfocándose en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de alteraciones en el sistema estomatognático. Objetivo: El objetivo central de nuestra investigación es analizar detalladamente estas alteraciones mediante una evaluación integral realizada por odontólogos y fonoaudiólogos, destacando la colaboración interdisciplinaria. Desarrollo: Se examinan problemas como el frenillo lingual y las maloclusiones, destacando la mordida abierta y la clase II, división 1, que se asocian con dificultades en la pronunciación. La mordida cruzada anterior altera el cierre bilabial y las cavidades de resonancia, afectando la pronunciación de fonemas. La mioterapia funcional emerge como una estrategia crucial para correcciones, siendo el fonoaudiólogo clave en la rehabilitación de la motricidad orofacial. Futuras líneas de investigación: Se subraya la necesidad de una colaboración estrecha entre profesionales para lograr una rehabilitación completa. Se sugiere que futuras investigaciones exploren nuevas técnicas y enfoques en esta colaboración. Conclusiones: La relación estrecha entre odontología y fonoaudiología es esencial para abordar eficientemente las alteraciones del sistema estomatognático, destacando la identificación temprana y la intervención interdisciplinaria como fundamentales para una rehabilitación exitosa.

Background and Objectives: A higher prevalence of dental malocclusion has been suggested among individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) compared to controls, although no studies to date have investigated such a difference according to age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental malocclusion and other orthodontic measures between DS and non-syndromic (non-DS) individuals across three age groups of children, adolescents, and adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 147 patients. Of those, 72 were diagnosed with DS and were divided into N = 15 children (<10 years), N = 23 adolescents (10–18 years) and N = 34 adults (>18 years). The remaining 75 patients were sex- and age-matched controls. The two groups were compared according to age group in terms of the prevalence of dental malocclusion, measures of sagittal, vertical, and transverse discrepancy, facial profile, and probable sleep bruxism with chi-square tests for proportion. Results: The DS patients consistently exhibited a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to the non-DS patients, regardless of age group. The non-DS adolescents presented with a significantly higher prevalence of convex profile than the DS adolescents. The adolescent and adult DS patients most commonly presented with a maxillary transverse discrepancy and posterior crossbite compared to the non-DS controls. The DS adults had a higher prevalence of probable sleep bruxism. Conclusions: Patients with DS showed a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to non-DS controls, regardless of age group. Other orthodontic measures showed a fluctuation according to the age group considered.

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system. Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle’s classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle’s class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

Many populations of large carnivores are fragmented today and are therefore vulnerable to the harmful effects of inbreeding. Population health is central for the conservation and management of isolated populations. However, in wild populations inbreeding and health effects are usually difficult to assess. Two well-known cases of conservation concern are the inbred wolf (Canis lupus) populations from Scandinavia and Isle Royale, USA that have been more or less isolated for decades. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and morphology of vertebral malformations (i.e. anomalies) in these populations including two reference populations. Dental anomalies were also examined in wolves from Scandinavia including a review of reported soft tissue anomalies. In the separate studies I–III, we investigate a total of 324 wolves including 174 individuals from the contemporary Scandinavian population and 36 from Isle Royale. The reference populations included 84 wolves from the Finnish population and 30 wolves from the extinct historical Scandinavian population. The frequency of vertebral malformations in wolves from Isle Royale increased over time. The same pattern was evident in Scandinavian wolves when multiple types of anomalies were considered. The most common type of vertebral anomaly in the inbred populations was lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, LSTV, which is considered hereditary and clinically significant in dogs (Canis familiaris). Population comparisons showed that the incidence of this anomaly seemed to be associated with the extent of inbreeding in the populations. Paper ll in this thesis is the first study that indicates how genetic deterioration has compromised the morphology of Isle Royale wolves. This has a very important conservation implication since this population has been a famous example that policy makers have used to support arguments that small populations can avoid genetic deterioration. The results of this thesis have implicatio, Tiivistelmä Nykyään monien suurpetojen populaatiot ovat pirstoutuneita ja siksi ne ovat alttiita sukusiitoksen haitallisille vaikutuksille. Populaation terveys on keskeistä eristyneiden populaatioiden suojelussa ja hoidossa. Sukusiitoksen haitallisia vaikutuksia luonnonvaraisissa populaatioissa on yleensä vaikea arvioida. Skandinavian ja Yhdysvaltojen Isle Royalen saaren vuosikymmeniä eristyneinä olleet sukusiittoiset susipopulaatiot (Canis lupus), ovat luonnonsuojelun esimerkkitapauksia. Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen tavoitteena oli analysoida näiden populaatioiden luupatologiaa suhteessa kahteen vertailupopulaatioon. Tämän lisäksi tutkittiin myös Skandinavian susipopulaation hampaiden epämuodostumia ja esitettiin yhteenveto aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa raportoiduista pehmytkudoksen poikkeavuuksista. Väitoskirjan kolmessa erillisessä julkaisussa tutkittiin yhteensä 324 sutta sukusiittoisista populaatioista; 174 yksilöä nykyisestä Skandinavian ja 36 Isle Royalen populaatiosta. Vertailupopulaatioihin kuului 84 suomalaista sutta sekä 30 sutta sukupuuttoon kuolleesta historiallisesta Skandinavian populaatiosta. Isle Royalen susien selkärangan epämuodostumien esiintymistiheys kasvoi ajan myötä. Sama ilmiö näkyi myös skandinaavisissa susissa tarkasteltaessa useita epämuodostumatyyppejä. Yleisin tyyppi selkärangan poikkeavuuksista sisäsiittoisissa populaatioissa olivat välimuotoiset lanneristinikamat (LSTV), jota pidetään perinnöllisenä ja kliinisesti merkittävänä ominaisuutena koirilla (Canis familiaris). Populaatiovertailut osoittivat, että tämän poikkeavuuden esiintyminen liittyi populaation sukusiitoksen laajuuteen. Artikkeli II on ensimmäinen tutkimus, jossa on osoitettu, geneettisen heikentymisen olleen haitallista Isle Royalen susien morfologialle. Tämä on erittäin tärkeä havainto luonnonsuojelun kannalta. Tämä populaatio on ollut kuuluisa ja monien päätöksentekijöiden käyttämä esimerkki väitteille, joiden mukaan pienet populaatiot voivat välttää geneettistä kurjistu

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system. Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle’s classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle’s class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system. Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle’s classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle’s class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

Использование брекет-систем для коррекции положения одиночных зубов в ряде случаев представляется нецелесообразным, поскольку при этом возможно нарушение в положении соседних зубов, использующихся в качестве опоры при такой коррекции. Альтернативным способом смещения одиночных зубов в нормальное положение является применение аппарата с постоянными Nd-Fe-B магнитами. Это позволяет локализовать силовое воздействие и добиться необходимого эстетического и функционального результата с меньшими побочными эффектами, а также снизить стоимость лечения.Целью работы является разработка методики и нормализация положения клыка верхней челюсти при помощи аппарата с постоянными магнитами.Материалы и методы. Для перемещения зуба были использованы постоянные Nd-Fe-B магниты в форме параллелепипедов размером 5×5×2 мм. На поверхность магнитов наносилось антикоррозийное покрытие ZrO2. Один из них был установлен в пластмассовой каппе, а второй был зафиксирован на зубе при помощи фотополимерного материала. Величина действующей силы определялась при помощи экспериментально выведенной зависимости силы притяжения или отталкивания магнитов от расстояния между ними. Дополнительный контроль сил взаимодействия между магнитами в начале лечения и на отдельных его этапах, проводился при помощи тесламетра с использованием пересчетных таблиц.Результаты. В статье приводится описание техники и этапов изготовления аппарата с магнитами, а также порядок крепления магнита на поверхность зуба.Представлен клинический случай перемещения аномально расположенного клыка при помощи аппарата с постоянными Nd-Fe-B магнитами. В результате проведенного ортодонтического лечения при помощи аппарата с постоянными магнитами было произведено вестибулярное смещение зуба 2.3 для достижения нормального перекрытия в трансверзальной плоскости. Предложенная методика ортодонтического лечения позволила в короткие сроки нормализовать положение зуба 23 без побочных эффектов для остальных зубов.Выводы. На основании проведенного леч, Використання брекет-систем для корекції положення окремих зубів в ряді випадків представляється недоцільним, оскільки при цьому можливо порушення в положенні сусідніх зубів, що використовуються як опора при такій корекції. Альтернативним способом переміщення окремих зубів в нормальне положення є застосування апарату з постійними Nd-Fe-B магнітами. Це дозволяє локалізувати силовий вплив і домогтися необхідного естетичного і функціонального результату з меншими побічними ефектами, а також знизити вартість лікування.Метою роботи є розробка методики і нормалізація положення ікла верхньої щелепи за допомогою апарату з постійними магнітами.Матеріали та методи. Для переміщення зуба були використані постійні Nd-Fe-B магніти у формі паралелепіпедів розміром 5×5×2 мм. На поверхню магнітів наносилося антикорозійне покриття ZrO2. Один з магнітів встановлювався в пластмасову капу, а другий було зафіксовано на зубі за допомогою фотополімерного матеріалу. Величина діючої сили визначалася за допомогою експериментально виведеної залежності сили притягування або відштовхування магнітів від відстані між ними. Додатковий контроль сили взаємодії між магнітами на початку лікування і на окремих його етапах проводився за допомогою тесламетру з використанням перерахункових таблиць.Результати. У статті наводиться опис техніки і етапів виготовлення апарату з магнітами, а також порядок кріплення магніту на поверхню зуба. Представлено клінічний випадок переміщення аномально розташованого ікла за допомогою апарату з постійними Nd-Fe-B магнітами. В результаті проведеного ортодонтичного лікування за допомогою апарату з постійними магнітами було проведено вестибулярне зміщення зуба 2.3 для досягнення нормального перекриття в трансверзальной площині. Запропонована методика ортодонтичного лікування дозволила в короткі терміни нормалізувати становище зуба 23 без побічних ефектів для інших зубів.Висновки. На підставі проведеного лікування доведена можливість переміщення окремих зубів за допомогою апара, The use of braces for the correction of single tooth position in some cases seems to be impractical, since it may cause a violation in the position of the adjacent teeth, which are used as a support for such correction. An alternative way to move of single tooth into the normal position is use of device with permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets. This allows to localize the force action and achieve the desired aesthetic and functional result with fewer side effects and also reduce the cost of treatment.The aim of present work was development of methods and normalization of position of upper jaw canine by using the device with permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets.Materials and methods. To move the tooth, the permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets of size 5×5×2 mm were used. An anti-corrosion ZrO2 coating was applied to the surface of the magnets. One of them was installed in a plastic devise, and the second one was fixed on the tooth using photopolymer material. The magnitude of acting force was determined using the experimentally derived dependence of the force of attraction or repulsion of magnets on the distance between them. Additional control of the interaction forces between the magnets, both at the beginning of treatment and at individual stages, was carried out using a teslameter and recalculation tables.Results. The article provides a description of the technique and stages of manufacturing of device with magnets, as well as the procedure for attaching the magnet to the tooth surface. There was presented a clinical case of moving an abnormally located canine using a device with permanent Nd-Fe-B magnets. As a result of orthodontic treatment performed using a permanent magnet device, a vestibular displacement of the tooth 23 was performed in order to achieve normal overlap in the transverse plane. The proposed method of orthodontic treatment allowed in a short time to normalize the position of tooth 23 without side effects for the remaining teeth.Conclusions. On the base of treatment it was pro

Not physiological habits are one of the Etiologic factors that cause of malocclusions or deformation dentoesqueléticas. In response to this the objective of this article focused on evaluate malocclusion related oral habits not physiological. The methodology used was of exploratory type through the technique of observation. 65 patients constituted the population aged between 3 and 10 years attending the private clinics of the Canton of blanket. Extraoral and intraoral examination were conducted during the clinical assessment. Among the results it was found a domain of the bilateral Angle class I malocclusion in 73% of the population served and 20% in class III and lower bel percentage in class II with 7% of the cases. As for its findings, highlights the fact in which there is increased frequency of class I canine, either temporary or permanent canines, followed by class III and class II respectively and in relation to the class I molar and canine I class were more the freq. uent, both women and men., Los hábitos no fisiológicos son uno de los factores etiológicos causantes de maloclusiones o deformaciones dentoesqueléticas. En atención a ello el objetivo del presente artículo se centró en evaluar la maloclusión relacionada con los hábitos bucales no fisiológicos. La metodologia utilizada fue de tipo exploratorio a través de la técnica de la observación. La población la constituyeron 65 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 10 años que asisten a las clínicas privadas del Cantón de Manta. Durante la valoración clínica se realizaron un examen extrabucal e intrabucal. Entre los resultados se pudo constatar un dominio de la maloclusión de Angle bilateral de clase I en el 73% de la población atendida y un 20% en la clase III y bel menor porcentaje en la clase II con el 7% de los casos. En cuanto a sus conclusiones, se destaca el hecho en la cual existe mayor frecuencia de la clase I canina, ya sea en caninos permanentes o temporales, seguida por la clase III y la clase II respectivamente y en relación a la clase I molar y la clase I canina fueron las más frecuentes, tanto en niñas y niños.

Introduction: A limited amount of systematic literature reviews on the association between malocclusions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) summarize inconclusive results. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of malocclusions with OHRQOL in children. Methods: Relevant studies were identified in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar and other databases. All studies with data on malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need and OHRQOL in children were included. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random effects models were used to estimate summary effect measures for the association between malocclusion and OHRQOL in a continuous and a categorical data analysis. Tests for heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity of results were performed. Results: In total, 40 cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. Summary measures of the continuous data show that OHRQOL was significantly lowered in children with malocclusions (standardized mean difference (95 % CI] = 0.29 (0.19–0.38)). The summary odds ratio for having an impact on OHRQOL was 1.74 times higher in children with malocclusion than in children without malocclusions. Heterogeneity among studies was partly explained by malocclusion assessment, age of the children and country of study conduction. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for a clear inverse association of malocclusion with OHRQOL. We also showed that the strength of the association differed depending on the age of the children and their cultural environment. Clinical relevance: Dentists benefit from understanding the patient differences regarding the impact of malocclusions.

Introduction. Dentofacial disorders may potentially significantly affect the quality of life. Objectives of this study were to validate translated and culturally adapted Orthognatic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) on a cohort of Serbian patients with malocclusions. Methods. The questionnaire was validated in 111 consecutive patients with malocclusions, seen between December 2014 and February 2015 at the Clinic of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade. Clinical validity was assessed comparing the mean scores for the four subscales of the OQLQ and mean PAR pre-treatment score. In order to assess whether the allocation of items in the subscales corresponds to their distribution in the original questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis with varimax rotation) was conducted. Results. The results of the internal consistency analysis demonstrated good relationships between the items; Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four subscales were highly significant (p lt 0.001) (0.88-0.91). All items were significantly correlated between baseline and the retest (6 weeks after). The correlations between the PAR and all four domains of the OQLQ were all significant (p lt 0.01). The loading weights obtained in the exploratory factor analysis showed that this model revealed four factors with eigenvalue greater than 1, explaining the 64.0% of the cumulative variance. The majority of the items (86.4%) in the Serbian version of the OQLQ presented the highest loading weight in the subscales assigned by the OQLQ developer. Conclusions. The psychometric properties of the OQLQ (Serbian version) have exceptional internal consistency and reproducibility as an instrument for evaluation of dental malocclusions. Additionally, this questionnaire may be useful as a supplementary outcome measure in persons with malocclusions.

Uvod U savremenim društvima je visoka učestalost malokluzija koje zahtevaju ortodontsku terapiju i postoji tendencija daljeg porasta ovih nepravilnosti u budućnosti. Postojanje malokluzija je opisano i u praistoriji, ali su one tada predstavljale retkost. Antropološke studije ukazuju da u toku humane evolucije postoji težnja ka smanjenju veličine vilica i zuba, kao posledica promena u načinu života, naročito vrsti i konzistenciji hrane. Cilj Ciljevi istraživanja su bili analiza dentoalveolarnih i skeletnih međuviličnih odnosa, utvrđivanje zastupljenosti malokluzija, merenje i poređenje veličine zuba na skeletnom materijalu sa: 1) mezolitsko-neolitskog nalazišta Lepenski Vir i Vlasac, 2) nalazišta iz bronzanog doba Mokrin, 3) rimskog grada Viminacijuma, 4) srednjovekovne Vinče. Ovi rezultati su upoređeni sa vrednostima za savremenu populaciju Srbije. Materijal i metod Na profilnim teleradiogramima 36 lobanja ručno su izmereni parametri sagitalnog i vertikalnog pravca, tipa rasta i proporcije lica, veličina viličnih baza i položaj sekutića. Kod 97 individua ispitana je klasa okluzije prema Angle-ovoj klasifikaciji. Mezio-distalni dijametar (MD) svih zuba i vestibulo-oralni (VO) dijametar molara su izmereni na 1038 zuba. Ispitan je pojedinačni uticaj pola, starosti i lokaliteta primenom jednofaktorske analize varijanse, a kombinovano delovanje ovih faktora primenom univarijantne analize varijanse. Rezultati Na profilnim teleradiogramima uglovi SpP/MP i SN/MP su imali najmanju vrednost u najstarijoj grupi individua. Na svim lobanjama je uočen horizontalni tip rasta, ali je horizontalna komponenta najizraženija u grupi Lepenski Vir i Vlasac. Okluzija I klase je najzastupljenija u svim lokalitetima i njena učestalost u celokupnom uzorku je veća u odnosu na savremeno doba. U svim ispitivanim grupama je bila prisutna i okluzija polu II klase. VO dijametar gornjeg drugog i donjeg prvog molara je bio značajno veći u grupi Lepenski Vir i Vlasac u odnosu na ostale. U višestruki, Introduction There is a high prevalence of malocclusions in modern societies, with a tendency of further increase in the future. Malocclusions were very rare in the ancient history. Published anthropological studies show a tendency of jaw and teeth size reduction, as a result of changing lifestyle, particularly the type and consistency of food during human evolution. Aims The aims of the study were to analyze dentoalveolar and skeletal jaw relations, to determine presence of malocclusion, to measure and to compare teeth size in skeletal material from : 1) the Mesolithic-Neolithic site Lepenski Vir and Vlasac, 2) Early Bronze Age graveyard Mokrin, 3) the Roman city Viminacium 4) medieval Vinca and to compare these results with contemporary population of Serbia. Materials and methods Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 36 skulls were traced manually. Occlusion was investigated in 97 individuals according to Angle's classification. Mesio-distal (MD) diameter of all teeth and buccal-oral (VO) diameter of molars only were measured in totally 1038 teeth. The individual effects of gender, age and location were analyzed by ANOVA, while combined effect of these factors were analyzed by univariate analysis of variance. Results Angles SpP / MP and SN / MP had the lowest values in the oldest group. All skulls exibited horizontal growth pattern, with the horizontal component most pronounced in the group Lepenski Vir and Vlasac. Class I occlusion was the most common of all classes in each group and its frequency in the overall sample was higher in comparison to modern times. Distal occlusion was present in all groups also. VO diameter of the upper second and lower first molar was significantly larger in the first group compared to the others. In multiple comparisons, the lower canine was larger in group Vinca than in the group Mokrin. Conclusion The present differences between the groups indicates increasing of the basal angle, decreasing of Class I frequency and reduction of th

Introduction There is a high prevalence of malocclusions in modern societies, with a tendency of further increase in the future. Malocclusions were very rare in the ancient history. Published anthropological studies show a tendency of jaw and teeth size reduction, as a result of changing lifestyle, particularly the type and consistency of food during human evolution. Aims The aims of the study were to analyze dentoalveolar and skeletal jaw relations, to determine presence of malocclusion, to measure and to compare teeth size in skeletal material from : 1) the Mesolithic-Neolithic site Lepenski Vir and Vlasac, 2) Early Bronze Age graveyard Mokrin, 3) the Roman city Viminacium 4) medieval Vinca and to compare these results with contemporary population of Serbia. Materials and methods Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 36 skulls were traced manually. Occlusion was investigated in 97 individuals according to Angle's classification. Mesio-distal (MD) diameter of all teeth and buccal-oral (VO) diameter of molars only were measured in totally 1038 teeth. The individual effects of gender, age and location were analyzed by ANOVA, while combined effect of these factors were analyzed by univariate analysis of variance. Results Angles SpP / MP and SN / MP had the lowest values in the oldest group. All skulls exibited horizontal growth pattern, with the horizontal component most pronounced in the group Lepenski Vir and Vlasac. Class I occlusion was the most common of all classes in each group and its frequency in the overall sample was higher in comparison to modern times. Distal occlusion was present in all groups also. VO diameter of the upper second and lower first molar was significantly larger in the first group compared to the others. In multiple comparisons, the lower canine was larger in group Vinca than in the group Mokrin. Conclusion The present differences between the groups indicates increasing of the basal angle, decreasing of Class I frequency and reduction of th, Uvod U savremenim društvima je visoka učestalost malokluzija koje zahtevaju ortodontsku terapiju i postoji tendencija daljeg porasta ovih nepravilnosti u budućnosti. Postojanje malokluzija je opisano i u praistoriji, ali su one tada predstavljale retkost. Antropološke studije ukazuju da u toku humane evolucije postoji težnja ka smanjenju veličine vilica i zuba, kao posledica promena u načinu života, naročito vrsti i konzistenciji hrane. Cilj Ciljevi istraživanja su bili analiza dentoalveolarnih i skeletnih međuviličnih odnosa, utvrđivanje zastupljenosti malokluzija, merenje i poređenje veličine zuba na skeletnom materijalu sa: 1) mezolitsko-neolitskog nalazišta Lepenski Vir i Vlasac, 2) nalazišta iz bronzanog doba Mokrin, 3) rimskog grada Viminacijuma, 4) srednjovekovne Vinče. Ovi rezultati su upoređeni sa vrednostima za savremenu populaciju Srbije. Materijal i metod Na profilnim teleradiogramima 36 lobanja ručno su izmereni parametri sagitalnog i vertikalnog pravca, tipa rasta i proporcije lica, veličina viličnih baza i položaj sekutića. Kod 97 individua ispitana je klasa okluzije prema Angle-ovoj klasifikaciji. Mezio-distalni dijametar (MD) svih zuba i vestibulo-oralni (VO) dijametar molara su izmereni na 1038 zuba. Ispitan je pojedinačni uticaj pola, starosti i lokaliteta primenom jednofaktorske analize varijanse, a kombinovano delovanje ovih faktora primenom univarijantne analize varijanse. Rezultati Na profilnim teleradiogramima uglovi SpP/MP i SN/MP su imali najmanju vrednost u najstarijoj grupi individua. Na svim lobanjama je uočen horizontalni tip rasta, ali je horizontalna komponenta najizraženija u grupi Lepenski Vir i Vlasac. Okluzija I klase je najzastupljenija u svim lokalitetima i njena učestalost u celokupnom uzorku je veća u odnosu na savremeno doba. U svim ispitivanim grupama je bila prisutna i okluzija polu II klase. VO dijametar gornjeg drugog i donjeg prvog molara je bio značajno veći u grupi Lepenski Vir i Vlasac u odnosu na ostale. U višestruki