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Grapevine collections play an important role, especially in the study of viruses and virus-like pathogens. In 2009, after an initial ELISA screening for eight viruses (arabis mosaic virus, grapevine fanleaf virus, grapevine fleck virus, grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1, 2, and 3, and grapevine viruses A and B), a collection of 368 grapevine accessions representing 14 different Croatian autochthonous cultivars and containing single or mixed infection of viruses was established to further characterize the viral pathogens. Subsequently, Western blot, RT-PCR, cloning, and sequencing revealed that grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus was frequently found in accessions of the collection, with isolates showing substantial genetic diversity in the helicase and coat protein regions. High-throughput sequencing of 22 grapevine accessions provides additional insight into the viruses and viroids present in the collection and confirms the fact that Croatian autochthonous grapevine cultivars have high infection rates and high virome diversity. The recent spread of "flavescence dorée" phytoplasma in Europe has not spared the collection. After the first symptoms observed in 2020 and 2021, the presence of phytoplasma was confirmed by LAMP in six grapevine accessions and some of them were lost. Single or multiple viruses and viroids, as well as own rooted grapevines in the collection, make the plants susceptible to various abiotic factors, which, together with the recent occurrence of "flavescence dorée", makes the maintenance of the collection a challenge. Future efforts will be directed towards renewing the collection, as 56% of the original collection has been lost in the last 13 years.

The research of sanitary status and virus presence was conducted on three native Croatian grapevine varieties (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska and Trnjak crni) that are grown in Dalmatia region. The investigation was done on 492 vines from 31 vineyards. Vines were tested by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) on four main economic viruses: arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV–1, GLRaV-3) as a first step in clonal selection of these rare native grapevine varieties. Altogether, 40 vines were free of all tested viruses. The research confirms high rate of virus infection and eroded sanitary status of all investigated varieties. The above indicates necessity of implementation clonal and sanitary selection programme., Istraživanje sanitarnog statusa provedeno je na tri autohtone hrvatske sorte vinove loze (Kujudžuša bijela, Zlatarica vrgorska i Trnjak crni) koje se uzgajaju u Dalmaciji. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno ukupno 492 trsa iz 31 vinograda. Uzorci su podvrgnuti serološkom testu ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay) za analizu na prisustvo četiri gospodarski najvažnija virusa: virus mozaika lista vinove loze (ArMV), virus lepezastog lista vinove loze (GFLV), virus uvijenosti lista tip 1 i tip 3 (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-3). Od ukupnog broja prikupljenih uzoraka, njih 40 je bilo potpuno slobodno od prisutnosti istraživanih virusa. Ovo istraživanje potvrđuje visok udio virusom zaraženih trsova te loš sanitarni status istraživanih sorata. Sve navedeno ukazuje na nužnost provedbe klonske i sanitarne selekcije.

Polifenoli su sekundarni biljni metaboliti te važni organski spojevi prisutni u grožđu, moštu i vinu. Važnost polifenolnih spojeva prisutnih u grožđu uglavnom je vezana uz kakvoću vina obzirom da utječu na boju, okus, astringenciju, gorčinu te potencijal starenja vina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi i usporediti kvantitativne i kvalitativne promjene sadržaja polifenola male molekulske mase u kožici grožđa 11 crnih sorata vinove loze tijekom dozrijevanja grožđa. Uzorci su prikupljani periodično od početka šare do tehnološke zrelosti. Sadržaj polifenola u kožici boba utvrđen je tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC) uz prethodnu liofilizaciju i ekstrakciju. Temeljem dobivenih rezultata utvrđene su promjene sastava i sadržaja pojedinih grupa polifenolnih spojeva tijekom dozrijevanja., Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites and important organic compounds present in grapes, must and wine. The importance of polyphenolic compounds present in grapes is mainly related to the quality of the wine. Those compounds affect the colour, taste, astringency, bitterness, and potential of wine aging. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine and compare quantitative and qualitative changes in low molecular weight polyphenol content of 11 red grapevine varieties during ripening. Samples were collected periodically from the beginning of vérasion to the technological maturity. The polyphenolic compounds were analysed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with prior lyophilization and extraction. Based on the obtained results, changes in the composition and content of researched groups of polyphenolic compounds during maturation were determined.

Research background. Coastal region of Croatia is rich in autochthonous grape varieties. Many of them have been almost abandoned, such as the autochthonous varieties of Kastav (Croatia), used for the production of the Kastavska Belica wine. Therefore, the rationale of the presented study is to characterize autochthonous grape varieties Verdić, Mejsko belo, Jarbola, Divjaka and Brajkovac. In addition, we performed a molecular characterization of the corresponding Belica wines. Experimental approach. Firstly, the genetic origin and ampelographic and economic characteristics of five autochthonous grape varieties were determined. Standard physicochemical profiles and phenolic components of 12 wines from different producers were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ-MS). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for determination of standard physicochemical parameters. Results and conclusions. Ampelographic analysis, which includes the data on producing characteristics and cluster and berry composition of the varieties, revealed significant differences between the analysed grape varieties. Results of the physicochemical analysis of the Belica wine showed that all wines met the requirements needed for the production of quality and top quality wines labelled with protected designation of origin (PDO) in Croatian coastal region. The LC-QQQ-MS analysis confirmed the presence of different phenolic components in the Belica wines, where the most prominent phenols were flavonoids from the flavan-3-ol group. Overall, these results showed that autochthonous grapes from the Kastav region can be used for production of wines with added market value due to a growing demand for autochthonous products on the global market. Novelty and scientific contribution. The presented results give scientific insight and a basis for further determination of the optimal cultivation technology aimed to take advantage of the best charac, Pozadina istraživanja. Primorsko područje Hrvatske bogato je autohtonim sortama vinove loze. Mnoge od njih su gotovo napuštene, poput autohtonih sorti s područja grada Kastva (Hrvatska), koje se koriste za proizvodnju vina kastavska Belica. Stoga je svrha prikazanog istraživanja bila okarakterizirati autohtone sorte vinove loze Verdić, Mejsko belo, Jarbola, Divjaka i Brajkovac. Osim karakteristika sorti, provedena je i molekularna karakterizacija vina kastavska Belica. Eksperimentalni pristup. Najprije su utvrđeni genetsko podrijetlo te ampelografske i gospodarske značajke pet autohtonih sorti grožđa. Standardni fizikalno-kemijski profili i fenolni sastojci iz 12 uzoraka vina različitih proizvođača određeni su tekućinskom kromatografijom spregnutom s trostrukim kvadrupolnim masenim spektrometrom (LC-QQQ-MS). Infracrvena spektroskopija s Fourierovom transformacijom (FTIR) korištena je za određivanje standardnih fizikalno-kemijskih parametara. Rezultati i zaključci. Ampelografskom analizom podataka o strukturi grozda i bobice te proizvodnim karakteristikama, poput prinosa i broja grozdova, potvrđene su bitne razlike između analiziranih sorti grožđa. Rezultati fizikalno-kemijske analize vina kastavska Belica pokazuju da sva vina ispunjavaju uvjete potrebne za proizvodnju kvalitetnih i vrhunskih vina sa zaštićenom oznakom izvornosti (ZOI) u Hrvatskom primorju. LC-QQQ-MS analiza potvrdila je prisutnost različitih fenolnih sastojaka u vinima, gdje su najizraženiji fenolni spojevi bili flavonoidi iz skupine flavan-3-ol. Uzevši sve navedeno u obzir, rezultati pokazuju da se grožđe autohtonih sorti s područja Kastva može koristiti za proizvodnju vina vrhunske kvalitete. Time vino kastavska Belica dobiva dodatnu tržišnu vrijednost, zbog sve veće potražnje za autohtonim proizvodima. Novost i znanstveni doprinos. Prikazani rezultati daju znanstveni uvid i osnovu za daljnje određivanje optimalne tehnologije uzgoja s ciljem iskorištavanja najboljih značajki svake sorte za proizvo

Defolijacija je jedan od zahvata zelene rezidbe tijekom kojeg se vrši prorjeđivanje ili potpuno uklanjanje lisne mase u zoni grožđa. Ako se djelomična defolijacija provodi u fenofazi cvatnje vinove loze smatra se ranom dok se defolijacija u fenofazi šare smatra kasnom defolijacijom. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi utjecaj djelomične defolijacije provedene u različitim fenofazama (jedna varijanta predstavlja bazalnu defolijaciju u fenofazi zametanja boba, druga bazalnu početkom šare, a treća defolijaciju iznad zone grozda, također početkom šare) na kemijski sastav grožđa sorte Graševina u podregiji Slavonija., Defoliation is one of the green pruning interventions in which thinning or complete removal of leaves in the grape zone is performed. If partial defoliation is carried out in the grapevine during the flowering phase, it is considered an early defoliation, while defoliation in the pattern phase is considered to be a late defoliation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of partial defoliation performed in three different variants (one variant represents basal defoliation in grape berries flowering phenophase, the second variant basal defoliation at the beginning of the verison, and the third variant represents defoliation above the cluster zone, also at the beginning of the verison) on the chemical composition of Graševina variety in Slavonia.

Fenolni spojevi predstavljaju sekundarne biljne metabolite koji imaju vrlo važnu fiziološku i morfološku ulogu u rastu i reprodukciji biljke pružajući joj i zaštitu protiv patogena i predatora. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je dobiti pregled promjena u sastavu i sadržaju fenolnih spojeva odnosno flavonola, flavanola, hidroksicimetnih i hidroksibenzojevih kiselina prisutnih u listovima četiri različite crne sorte vinove loze. Ekstrakti su analizirani tekućinskom kromatografijom visoke djelotvornosti. Dobivenim rezultatima utvrđena je značajna varijabilnost u masenim udjelima fenolnih spojeva između sorata po pojedinim terminima uzorkovanja, kao i značajna varijabilnost u sadržaju fenolnih spojeva unutar iste sorte tijekom različitih termina uzorkovanja., Phenolic compounds represent secondary plant metabolites which play an important physiological and morphological role in plant growth and reproduction. They also provide a protection against pathogens and predators. The aim of this study is to obtain an overview of changes in the composition and phenolic compounds content, more precisely flavonols, flavanols, hydroxycimetic and hydroxybenzoic acids present in the leaves of four different grapevine varieties. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Based on the obtained results, significant variability in mass shares of phenolic compounds between varieties was determined by individual sampling terms, as well as significant variability in the content of phenolic compounds within the same variety during different sampling terms.

Grapevine is an important plant species known worldwide, counting more than 10,000 cultivars of Vitis vinifera spread all over the world. There is a strong need for long-term conservation of grapevine genetic resources. With so polymorphic species, it is highly difficult to obtain relevant results considering that cryopreservation protocols were established testing only few very often specific cultivars. Regarding cryopreservation protocols, many factors are influencing the final result. Research articles processing cryopreservation protocols of grapevine are reporting a percentage of recovery, but a broader application of some protocol on a large range of Vitis vinifera cultivars is limited. How to design an efficient cryopreservation protocol, starting from plant material to the appropriate observation of recovery, will be discussed in this chapter.

Grapevine is an important plant species known worldwide, counting more than 10,000 cultivars of Vitis vinifera spread all over the world. There is a strong need for long-term conservation of grapevine genetic resources. With so polymorphic species, it is highly difficult to obtain relevant results considering that cryopreservation protocols were established testing only few very often specific cultivars. Regarding cryopreservation protocols, many factors are influencing the final result. Research articles processing cryopreservation protocols of grapevine are reporting a percentage of recovery, but a broader application of some protocol on a large range of Vitis vinifera cultivars is limited. How to design an efficient cryopreservation protocol, starting from plant material to the appropriate observation of recovery, will be discussed in this chapter.