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Ethological studies not only provide insights on how and why animals perform extraordinary behaviors, but they also provide an opportunity to understand how animals are disturbed by human activities in the Anthropocene. Ecotourism, a popular recreational activity, is a worldwide growing business that can be used as a tool for biodiversity conservation. However, a lack of fundamental knowledge and effective management plans for an ecotourism site may lead to an increase in anthropogenic disturbances and ultimately degrade a site’s biodiversity. In Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, locals discovered a unique migration of freshwater shrimp known as “Parading Behavior”, an unusual type of upstream migration in which hundreds of thousands of shrimp climb out of water and walk on land to the headwater. This behavior has captured public attention and Shrimp Watching tourism has been promoted as a must-see event at Ubon Ratchathani. While striking, this behavior is poorly understood. Preliminary evidence suggests that tourists might disturb the shrimp population during migrating. Unfortunately, we know very little about the biology of, and anthropogenic threats to, the shrimp. Therefore, my dissertation aims to: (1) understand proximate and ultimate causes of the parading behavior, (2) investigate the effect of light from tourists on parading shrimp, and (3) evaluate perceptions toward the parading shrimp from locals, stakeholders, and tourists. I use the results from these behavioral studies together with an understanding of tourists, locals, and stakeholders' attitudes toward the parading shrimp to mitigate the anthropogenic disturbances and design an effective sustainable ecotourism management plan.

Ethological studies not only provide insights on how and why animals perform extraordinary behaviors, but they also provide an opportunity to understand how animals are disturbed by human activities in the Anthropocene. Ecotourism, a popular recreational activity, is a worldwide growing business that can be used as a tool for biodiversity conservation. However, a lack of fundamental knowledge and effective management plans for an ecotourism site may lead to an increase in anthropogenic disturbances and ultimately degrade a site’s biodiversity. In Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, locals discovered a unique migration of freshwater shrimp known as “Parading Behavior”, an unusual type of upstream migration in which hundreds of thousands of shrimp climb out of water and walk on land to the headwater. This behavior has captured public attention and Shrimp Watching tourism has been promoted as a must-see event at Ubon Ratchathani. While striking, this behavior is poorly understood. Preliminary evidence suggests that tourists might disturb the shrimp population during migrating. Unfortunately, we know very little about the biology of, and anthropogenic threats to, the shrimp. Therefore, my dissertation aims to: (1) understand proximate and ultimate causes of the parading behavior, (2) investigate the effect of light from tourists on parading shrimp, and (3) evaluate perceptions toward the parading shrimp from locals, stakeholders, and tourists. I use the results from these behavioral studies together with an understanding of tourists, locals, and stakeholders' attitudes toward the parading shrimp to mitigate the anthropogenic disturbances and design an effective sustainable ecotourism management plan.

Integrating physiological and genomic approaches in a comparative framework offers excellent opportunity to investigate the underlying mechanisms for acclimation to specific challenges. The present study was conducted on three different prawn species (inhabitants of different salinity environments) of the genus Macrobrachium (M. australiense, M. tolmerum and M. novaehollandiae) to investigate the salinity induced changes in expression patterns of 10 candidate genes in the gill tissue (that previously had been inferred to play important functional roles in acclimation and adaptation to freshwater environments), and hemolymph osmolality. The prawn individuals were maintained in laboratory condition under three different salinity levels (0‰, 6‰ and 12‰) for 28 days using 6‰ as the control. All of the genes studied, showed salinity induced differential expression patterns. Genes with more important functional roles under low ionic conditions (i.e. Claudin, Na+/H+ exchanger, V-type H+-ATPase and UNT2) showed 2.5 to 6 fold higher expression at 0‰ compared with at higher salinities (6‰ and 12‰) but no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between 6‰ and 12‰ for the same genes. In contrast, 1.5 to 4 fold higher expression levels were observed at 6‰ and 12‰ for genes that have important roles in mediating salinity tolerance (i.e., Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl− Co-transporter, Diuretic Hormone, Crustacean Hyperglycaemic Hormone and UNT1). The osmotic stress response gene, Calreticulin, showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in expression between different salinity comparisons. Hemolymph osmolality also was impacted in all three species with a strong correlation evident between hemolymph osmolality and expression of genes influencing this tra

Ethological studies not only provide insights on how and why animals perform extraordinary behaviors, but they also provide an opportunity to understand how animals are disturbed by human activities in the Anthropocene. Ecotourism, a popular recreational activity, is a worldwide growing business that can be used as a tool for biodiversity conservation. However, a lack of fundamental knowledge and effective management plans for an ecotourism site may lead to an increase in anthropogenic disturbances and ultimately degrade a site’s biodiversity. In Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, locals discovered a unique migration of freshwater shrimp known as “Parading Behavior”, an unusual type of upstream migration in which hundreds of thousands of shrimp climb out of water and walk on land to the headwater. This behavior has captured public attention and Shrimp Watching tourism has been promoted as a must-see event at Ubon Ratchathani. While striking, this behavior is poorly understood. Preliminary evidence suggests that tourists might disturb the shrimp population during migrating. Unfortunately, we know very little about the biology of, and anthropogenic threats to, the shrimp. Therefore, my dissertation aims to: (1) understand proximate and ultimate causes of the parading behavior, (2) investigate the effect of light from tourists on parading shrimp, and (3) evaluate perceptions toward the parading shrimp from locals, stakeholders, and tourists. I use the results from these behavioral studies together with an understanding of tourists, locals, and stakeholders' attitudes toward the parading shrimp to mitigate the anthropogenic disturbances and design an effective sustainable ecotourism management plan.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a condição socioeconômica dos(as) pescadores(as) do camarão-da-Amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum) no município de Breves, arquipélago do Marajó (Pará – Brasil). O estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro a junho de 2019, sendo utilizado um questionário para dezoito pescadores(as). Quanto à distribuição por gênero, observa-se a presença das mulheres na pesca com 61,0% de representação. Elas apresentam faixa etária entre 31 a 40 anos (28,0%), sendo que mais da metade (33,0%) tem de 4 a 5 filhos. Quanto à escolaridade, o município de Breves possui 22,0% dos pescadores iletrados e 52,0% que têm ensino fundamental incompleto, o que corresponde à maior parte dos entrevistados. Constatou-se que os pescadores do camarão-da-Amazônia necessitam de políticas públicas para promoção de ações educacionais e pesqueiras, geração de emprego e renda, com melhoria da qualidade de vida.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a condição socioeconômica dos(as) pescadores(as) do camarão-da-Amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum) no município de Breves, arquipélago do Marajó (Pará – Brasil). O estudo foi realizado no período de janeiro a junho de 2019, sendo utilizado um questionário para dezoito pescadores(as). Quanto à distribuição por gênero, observa-se a presença das mulheres na pesca com 61,0% de representação. Elas apresentam faixa etária entre 31 a 40 anos (28,0%), sendo que mais da metade (33,0%) tem de 4 a 5 filhos. Quanto à escolaridade, o município de Breves possui 22,0% dos pescadores iletrados e 52,0% que têm ensino fundamental incompleto, o que corresponde à maior parte dos entrevistados. Constatou-se que os pescadores do camarão-da-Amazônia necessitam de políticas públicas para promoção de ações educacionais e pesqueiras, geração de emprego e renda, com melhoria da qualidade de vida.

The addition of artificial shelters of various materials has been used in Macrobrachium rosenbergii tanks and ponds as a means of increasing productivity. The present study investigated the shelter colour preference of M. rosenbergii postlarvae (age 15–18 days after metamorphosis) in the laboratory. Shelter occupancy tests were performed on four groups of 200 postlarvae in four 57-l aquaria, into which were placed shelters made of rigid coloured netting sewn into four-layered cubes open on two sides. The shelters were presented in six colour pairs: black vs dark green, black vs light green, black vs blue, dark green vs light green, dark green vs blue, and light green vs blue. Colour preference was tested six times for each colour pair. The data obtained were analyzed using Thurstone’s law of comparative judgment. The mean z-score was significantly highest (i.e., highest preference) for the black shelter. Vision was involved in the detection of and approach to the shelter. When released in aquaria, intact-eyed individual postlarvae directly approached the shelter straight away, whereas blind postlarvae (paint over the eyes) swam around randomly and occupied the shelter only after accidental contact much later. Postlarvae in open water out of the shelter exhibited frequent aggressive contact, while those in the shelter were quiescent. The use of black shelters in rearing tanks is thus recommended for reducing stress and aggression among M. rosenbergii postlarvae in the hatchery.

Nutrition plays an important role in the development of all organisms and in particular that of farmed aquatic species where costs associated with feed can often exceed 60% of total production costs. Crustacean species in addition, have the added metabolic requirement for regular moulting to allow normal growth and this requires large amounts of energy in the form of sugars (glucose). The current study explored the capacity of the giant freshwater prawn to produce endogenous cellulose-degrading enzymes capable of extracting nutrients (simple sugars) from plant sources in formulated feeds used in the prawn aquaculture industry. We identified a putative cellulase cDNA fragment in the target organism of 1576 base pairs in length of non-microbial origin that after protein modelling exhibited a TM-score of 0.916 with a described cellulase reported from another crustacean species. The functional role of cellulase enzymes is to hydrolyse cellulose to glucose and the fragment identified in GFP was highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, the site of primary food digestion and absorption in crustaceans. Hepatopancreatic tissue from Macrobrachium rosenbergii also showed active digestion of cellulose to glucose following an endoglucanase assay. Cellulase gene(s) are present in the genomes of many invertebrate taxa and play an active role in the conversion of cellulose to available energy. Identification and characterization of endogenous cellulase gene(s) in giant freshwater prawn can assist development of the culture industry because the findings confirm that potentially greater levels of low-cost plant-material could be included in artificial formulated diets in the future without necessarily compromising individual growth performance. Ultimately, this development may contribute to more efficient, cost-effective production systems for freshwater prawn culture stocks that meet the animal's basic nutritional requirements and that also support good individual growth rates.

Fisheries and aquaculture are important for food security, income generation and are critical to long term sustainability of many countries. Freshwater prawns have been harvested in the streams and creeks in Vanuatu, however due to over-exploitation catches have declined in recent years. To satisfy high demand for this product, Vanuatu government intends to establish economically viable small-scale aquaculture industries. The current project showed that wild Macrobrachium lar in Vanuatu constitute a single population for management purposes and that M. rosenbergii grows much faster than M. lar in simple pond grow-out systems, hence is a better species for culture in Vanuatu.

Objective. Evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth and body composition of adult freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus 1758), in a recirculation system for 11 weeks (77 days). Materials and methods. The experimental treatments were assigned in triplicate. Six test diets were formulated with three different protein levels (35, 40 and 45%) and two lipid levels (8 and 13%). Results. The highest survival rate, growth indices and feed utilization were observed for M. carcinus adults fed protein:lipid diets of 35:13, 40:13 and 45:13, and the lowest values for these parameters were recorded for prawns fed diets with the lowest lipid levels; the differences in these parameters between these types of diets were significant (p<0.05). A non-significant tendency for an increased percentage of protein in the body with an increased dietary protein level was observed. The percentage of lipids decreased with an increasing dietary protein level, and no definite trends in ash content were found. Conclusions. The results suggest that a diet with 35% dietary crude protein and 13% lipids enhances the growth and body composition of adult M. carcinus.

琉球大学21世紀プログラム「サンゴ礁島嶼系の生物多様性の総合解析」平成18年度成果発表会（平成19年3月10日開催） 招待講演会会場：琉球大学50周年記念館1F，ポスター発表会場：琉球大学大学会館3F

The most abundant organic compound produced by plants is cellulose, however it has long been accepted that animals do not secrete the hydrolytic enzymes required for its degradation, but rely instead on cellulases produced by symbiotic microbes. The recent discovery of an endogenous cDNA transcript encoding a putative GHF9 endoglucanase in the parastacid crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Byrne et al., 1999) suggests that similar cellulase genes may have been inherited by a range of crustacean taxa. In this study, the evolutionary history of the C. quadricarinatus endoglucanase gene and the presence of additional GHF9 genes in other decapod species were investigated. The activity of endoglucanase and endoxylanase enzymes within several cultured decapod species were also compared. The evolutionary history of the C. quadricarinatus endoglucanase gene was assessed by comparing intron/exon structure with that of other invertebrate and plant GHF9 genes. The coding region of the gene was found to be interrupted by eleven introns ranging in size from 102-902 bp, the position of which was largely conserved in both termite and abalone GHF9 genes. These structural similarities suggest GHF9 genes in crustaceans and other invertebrate taxa share a common ancestry. In addition, two introns were observed to share similar positions in plant GHF9 genes, which indicates this enzyme class may have been present in ancient eukaryote organisms. The presence of GHF9 genes in C. quadricarinatus and various other decapod species was then explored via degenerate primer PCR. Two distinct GHF9 gene fragments were determined for C. quadricarinatus and several other Cherax and Euastacus parastacid freshwater crayfish species, and a single GHF9 gene fragment was also determined for the palaemonid freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lar. Phylogenetic analyses of these fragments confirmed the presence of two endoglucanase genes within the Parastacidae, termed EG-1 and EG-2. The duplication event that pro

Presented in the paper are the stock enhancement programs of the Union of Myanmar which is being implemented by the Department of Fisheries. The State’s vision is to assist the national economy by promoting livelihood programs for rural people through the development of the fisheries sector. To achieve such goal, one of the major activities is to undertake a stock enhancement program which has been implemented since 1983. The DOF subsidizes the annual seeding of freshwater fish and prawns into natural waters. Species used in seeding include common carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis), rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), and featherbacks fish (Notopteridae), freshwater prawn Macrobrachium and tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Activities include annual stocking of seeds in the Ayeyarwaddy River and its tributaries, lakes, reservoirs, dams and other bodies of water.

Le programme d'amélioration des techniques d'élevage de la Chevrette Macrobrachium rosenbergii en Guyane constitue la deuxième phase du programme d'expérimentation mené sur la station IFREMER de Kourou. Jusqu'en 1988, l'effort a porté sur l'analyse du système continu classique utilisé par l'ensemble des producteurs de Macrobrachium aux Antilles et en Guyane. A partir de 1988, il apparut que la résolution des problèmes posés par son application passait par l'utilisation de schémas de gestion de la population en mode discontinu. Les expérimentations ont donc porté sur les principales conditions d'élevage susceptibles d'améliorer l'efficacité du schéma d'exploitation de la population. En prégrossissement, il s'agissait d'obtenir le meilleur compromis densité/croissance en jouant sur des facteurs tels que l'aliment artificiel ou la stimulation de la productivité naturelle, tout en produisant un juvénile pour toute post larve ensemencée. En grossissement, la contrainte essentielle est l'organisation sociale de la population qui se traduit par une croissance rapide et hétérogène des mâles et une croissance lente mais homogène des femelles. Nous avons essayé de dégager les schémas permettant de tirer le maximum de profit de ces spécificités de croissance avec un minimum de coût. Pour cela nous avons testé différentes procédures en jouant sur le poids moyen initial, les caractéristiques de la population introduite (monosexe, lot de tête ou de queue issus d'un tri), la densité et la durée d'élevage,le mode de récolte.

Le programme d'amélioration des techniques d'élevage de la Chevrette Macrobrachium rosenbergii en Guyane constitue la deuxième phase du programme d'expérimentation mené sur la station IFREMER de Kourou. Jusqu'en 1988, l'effort a porté sur l'analyse du système continu classique utilisé par l'ensemble des producteurs de Macrobrachium aux Antilles et en Guyane. A partir de 1988, il apparut que la résolution des problèmes posés par son application passait par l'utilisation de schémas de gestion de la population en mode discontinu. Les expérimentations ont donc porté sur les principales conditions d'élevage susceptibles d'améliorer l'efficacité du schéma d'exploitation de la population. En prégrossissement, il s'agissait d'obtenir le meilleur compromis densité/croissance en jouant sur des facteurs tels que l'aliment artificiel ou la stimulation de la productivité naturelle, tout en produisant un juvénile pour toute post larve ensemencée. En grossissement, la contrainte essentielle est l'organisation sociale de la population qui se traduit par une croissance rapide et hétérogène des mâles et une croissance lente mais homogène des femelles. Nous avons essayé de dégager les schémas permettant de tirer le maximum de profit de ces spécificités de croissance avec un minimum de coût. Pour cela nous avons testé différentes procédures en jouant sur le poids moyen initial, les caractéristiques de la population introduite (monosexe, lot de tête ou de queue issus d'un tri), la densité et la durée d'élevage,le mode de récolte.

Le programme d'amélioration des techniques d'élevage de la Chevrette Macrobrachium rosenbergii en Guyane constitue la deuxième phase du programme d'expérimentation mené sur la station IFREMER de Kourou. Jusqu'en 1988, l'effort a porté sur l'analyse du système continu classique utilisé par l'ensemble des producteurs de Macrobrachium aux Antilles et en Guyane. A partir de 1988, il apparut que la résolution des problèmes posés par son application passait par l'utilisation de schémas de gestion de la population en mode discontinu. Les expérimentations ont donc porté sur les principales conditions d'élevage susceptibles d'améliorer l'efficacité du schéma d'exploitation de la population. En prégrossissement, il s'agissait d'obtenir le meilleur compromis densité/croissance en jouant sur des facteurs tels que l'aliment artificiel ou la stimulation de la productivité naturelle, tout en produisant un juvénile pour toute post larve ensemencée. En grossissement, la contrainte essentielle est l'organisation sociale de la population qui se traduit par une croissance rapide et hétérogène des mâles et une croissance lente mais homogène des femelles. Nous avons essayé de dégager les schémas permettant de tirer le maximum de profit de ces spécificités de croissance avec un minimum de coût. Pour cela nous avons testé différentes procédures en jouant sur le poids moyen initial, les caractéristiques de la population introduite (monosexe, lot de tête ou de queue issus d'un tri), la densité et la durée d'élevage,le mode de récolte.

Le programme d'amélioration des techniques d'élevage de la Chevrette Macrobrachium rosenbergii en Guyane constitue la deuxième phase du programme d'expérimentation mené sur la station IFREMER de Kourou. Jusqu'en 1988, l'effort a porté sur l'analyse du système continu classique utilisé par l'ensemble des producteurs de Macrobrachium aux Antilles et en Guyane. A partir de 1988, il apparut que la résolution des problèmes posés par son application passait par l'utilisation de schémas de gestion de la population en mode discontinu. Les expérimentations ont donc porté sur les principales conditions d'élevage susceptibles d'améliorer l'efficacité du schéma d'exploitation de la population. En prégrossissement, il s'agissait d'obtenir le meilleur compromis densité/croissance en jouant sur des facteurs tels que l'aliment artificiel ou la stimulation de la productivité naturelle, tout en produisant un juvénile pour toute post larve ensemencée. En grossissement, la contrainte essentielle est l'organisation sociale de la population qui se traduit par une croissance rapide et hétérogène des mâles et une croissance lente mais homogène des femelles. Nous avons essayé de dégager les schémas permettant de tirer le maximum de profit de ces spécificités de croissance avec un minimum de coût. Pour cela nous avons testé différentes procédures en jouant sur le poids moyen initial, les caractéristiques de la population introduite (monosexe, lot de tête ou de queue issus d'un tri), la densité et la durée d'élevage,le mode de récolte.

The aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is launched in Martinigue by the regional council in 1976. A first "green water" type hatchery is built and provides juveniles to the first ponds. In 1978, CNEXO is asked to cooperate in scientific assistance. A new hatchery is built with COP "clear water" system and produces in 1980. The development of ponds (20 ha) needs the increase of the hatcheries capacity, which is now done with one single method and intensive larval first stage (7-8 millions PL. cap). In Guadeloupe, the first ponds started in 1978. Two cooperatives and 11 ha of ponds at this time have determined the construction of CNEXO in the construction of a regional hatchery. A small light one is already under production since July 83., L'aquaculture du Macrobrachium rosenbergii débute en Martinique en 1976 à l'initiative du Conseil Rëgional7~0ne premiere écloserie type "eau verte" est construite et ensemence les premiers bassins. En 1978, le CNEXO est sollicité pour apporter son concours scientifique qui se traduit par la construction d'une seconde écloserie type COP "eau claire", opérationnelle en 1980. Le développement des bassins (20 ha) entraîne celui des écloseries, unifiées en 1983 par une méthode unique enrichie d'un prégrossissement larvaire permettant une capacité de 7 à 8 millions de PL.. En Guadeloupe, le développement des premiers bassins date de 1978. Les deux coopératives actuelles et les 11 ha de bassins ont entraîné l'apparition de 2 écloseries privées et, après accord de toutes les parties, l'intervention du CNEXO pour la construction d'une écloserie à vocation régionale précédée d'une petite écloserie provisoire en fonctionnement depuis juillet 1983.

The aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is launched in Martinigue by the regional council in 1976. A first "green water" type hatchery is built and provides juveniles to the first ponds. In 1978, CNEXO is asked to cooperate in scientific assistance. A new hatchery is built with COP "clear water" system and produces in 1980. The development of ponds (20 ha) needs the increase of the hatcheries capacity, which is now done with one single method and intensive larval first stage (7-8 millions PL. cap). In Guadeloupe, the first ponds started in 1978. Two cooperatives and 11 ha of ponds at this time have determined the construction of CNEXO in the construction of a regional hatchery. A small light one is already under production since July 83., L'aquaculture du Macrobrachium rosenbergii débute en Martinique en 1976 à l'initiative du Conseil Rëgional7~0ne premiere écloserie type "eau verte" est construite et ensemence les premiers bassins. En 1978, le CNEXO est sollicité pour apporter son concours scientifique qui se traduit par la construction d'une seconde écloserie type COP "eau claire", opérationnelle en 1980. Le développement des bassins (20 ha) entraîne celui des écloseries, unifiées en 1983 par une méthode unique enrichie d'un prégrossissement larvaire permettant une capacité de 7 à 8 millions de PL.. En Guadeloupe, le développement des premiers bassins date de 1978. Les deux coopératives actuelles et les 11 ha de bassins ont entraîné l'apparition de 2 écloseries privées et, après accord de toutes les parties, l'intervention du CNEXO pour la construction d'une écloserie à vocation régionale précédée d'une petite écloserie provisoire en fonctionnement depuis juillet 1983.

Characters of adults and larvae are given to differentiate between Macrobrachium nipponense and M. sintangense. The presence of the former in Singapore is stated and explained as an introduction from Japan or China, possibly with ornamental fishes.

A new species of freshwater prawn of the family Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium johnsoni spec. nov., is described from southern Peninsular Malaysia. Notes on live colouration, habitat, and larval development are provided. The first zoea of this new species is also described in detail. A comparison is made between M. johnsoni and a closely related species, M. pilimanus (De Man, 1879).

Macrobrachium poeti spec. nov. is described from subterranean waters of the Gunung Sewu karst area, central Java, Indonesia. The species probably is closest related to M. pilimanus (De Man, 1879).

Macrobrachium natulorum spec. nov. is described from the Wissel Lakes area, Irian Jaya (New Guinea), Indonesia. The species is closest to M. lorentzi (J. Roux, 1921). A map showing the localities where the two species were found is given.

Two new freshwater crabs, Stoliczia (Johora) punicea spec. nov. and S. (J.) tiomanensis counsilmani subspec. nov., are described from streams in Pulau Tioman, West Malaysia. Taxonomic notes are added of S (J.) tiomanensis tiomanensis Ng & Tan, 1984. New records of the carideans Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879) and Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, are presented for the island.

The aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is launched in Martinigue by the regional council in 1976. A first "green water" type hatchery is built and provides juveniles to the first ponds. In 1978, CNEXO is asked to cooperate in scientific assistance. A new hatchery is built with COP "clear water" system and produces in 1980. The development of ponds (20 ha) needs the increase of the hatcheries capacity, which is now done with one single method and intensive larval first stage (7-8 millions PL. cap). In Guadeloupe, the first ponds started in 1978. Two cooperatives and 11 ha of ponds at this time have determined the construction of CNEXO in the construction of a regional hatchery. A small light one is already under production since July 83., L'aquaculture du Macrobrachium rosenbergii débute en Martinique en 1976 à l'initiative du Conseil Rëgional7~0ne premiere écloserie type "eau verte" est construite et ensemence les premiers bassins. En 1978, le CNEXO est sollicité pour apporter son concours scientifique qui se traduit par la construction d'une seconde écloserie type COP "eau claire", opérationnelle en 1980. Le développement des bassins (20 ha) entraîne celui des écloseries, unifiées en 1983 par une méthode unique enrichie d'un prégrossissement larvaire permettant une capacité de 7 à 8 millions de PL.. En Guadeloupe, le développement des premiers bassins date de 1978. Les deux coopératives actuelles et les 11 ha de bassins ont entraîné l'apparition de 2 écloseries privées et, après accord de toutes les parties, l'intervention du CNEXO pour la construction d'une écloserie à vocation régionale précédée d'une petite écloserie provisoire en fonctionnement depuis juillet 1983.

The aquaculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii is launched in Martinigue by the regional council in 1976. A first "green water" type hatchery is built and provides juveniles to the first ponds. In 1978, CNEXO is asked to cooperate in scientific assistance. A new hatchery is built with COP "clear water" system and produces in 1980. The development of ponds (20 ha) needs the increase of the hatcheries capacity, which is now done with one single method and intensive larval first stage (7-8 millions PL. cap). In Guadeloupe, the first ponds started in 1978. Two cooperatives and 11 ha of ponds at this time have determined the construction of CNEXO in the construction of a regional hatchery. A small light one is already under production since July 83., L'aquaculture du Macrobrachium rosenbergii débute en Martinique en 1976 à l'initiative du Conseil Rëgional7~0ne premiere écloserie type "eau verte" est construite et ensemence les premiers bassins. En 1978, le CNEXO est sollicité pour apporter son concours scientifique qui se traduit par la construction d'une seconde écloserie type COP "eau claire", opérationnelle en 1980. Le développement des bassins (20 ha) entraîne celui des écloseries, unifiées en 1983 par une méthode unique enrichie d'un prégrossissement larvaire permettant une capacité de 7 à 8 millions de PL.. En Guadeloupe, le développement des premiers bassins date de 1978. Les deux coopératives actuelles et les 11 ha de bassins ont entraîné l'apparition de 2 écloseries privées et, après accord de toutes les parties, l'intervention du CNEXO pour la construction d'une écloserie à vocation régionale précédée d'une petite écloserie provisoire en fonctionnement depuis juillet 1983.

Two new freshwater crabs, Stoliczia (Johora) punicea spec. nov. and S. (J.) tiomanensis counsilmani subspec. nov., are described from streams in Pulau Tioman, West Malaysia. Taxonomic notes are added of S (J.) tiomanensis tiomanensis Ng & Tan, 1984. New records of the carideans Macrobrachium pilimanus (De Man, 1879) and Caridina typus H. Milne Edwards, 1834, are presented for the island.

A new species of freshwater prawn of the family Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium johnsoni spec. nov., is described from southern Peninsular Malaysia. Notes on live colouration, habitat, and larval development are provided. The first zoea of this new species is also described in detail. A comparison is made between M. johnsoni and a closely related species, M. pilimanus (De Man, 1879).

Macrobrachium poeti spec. nov. is described from subterranean waters of the Gunung Sewu karst area, central Java, Indonesia. The species probably is closest related to M. pilimanus (De Man, 1879).

Macrobrachium natulorum spec. nov. is described from the Wissel Lakes area, Irian Jaya (New Guinea), Indonesia. The species is closest to M. lorentzi (J. Roux, 1921). A map showing the localities where the two species were found is given.

Characters of adults and larvae are given to differentiate between Macrobrachium nipponense and M. sintangense. The presence of the former in Singapore is stated and explained as an introduction from Japan or China, possibly with ornamental fishes.