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1. Multiple Pleistocene refugia for Arctic Bell‐Heather revealed with genomic analyses of modern and historic plants

Author: Elphinstone, Cassandra, Hernández, Fernando, Todesco, Marco, Légaré, Jean‐sébastien, Cheung, Winnie, Sokoloff, Paul C., Hofgaard, Annika, Christiansen, Casper T., Frei, Esther R., Lévesque, Esther, Daskalova, Gergana N., Thomas, Haydn J. D., Myers‐smith, Isla H., Harris, Jacob A., Saarela, Jeffery M., May, Jeremy L., Obst, Joachim, Boike, Julia, Clark, Karin, Macintosh, Katie, Betway‐may, Katlyn R., Case, Liam, Björkman, Mats P., Moody, Michael L., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Molgaard, Per, Björk, Robert G., Hollister, Robert D., Bull, Roger D., Agger, Sofie, Maire, Vincent, Henry, Greg H. R., Rieseberg, Loren H., Elphinstone, Cassandra, Hernández, Fernando, Todesco, Marco, Légaré, Jean‐sébastien, Cheung, Winnie, Sokoloff, Paul C., Hofgaard, Annika, Christiansen, Casper T., Frei, Esther R., Lévesque, Esther, Daskalova, Gergana N., Thomas, Haydn J. D., Myers‐smith, Isla H., Harris, Jacob A., Saarela, Jeffery M., May, Jeremy L., Obst, Joachim, Boike, Julia, Clark, Karin, Macintosh, Katie, Betway‐may, Katlyn R., Case, Liam, Björkman, Mats P., Moody, Michael L., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Molgaard, Per, Björk, Robert G., Hollister, Robert D., Bull, Roger D., Agger, Sofie, Maire, Vincent, Henry, Greg H. R., and Rieseberg, Loren H.
Abstract: Aim Arctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia. The number, ages, and locations of these refugia are often unclear. We use high-resolution genomic data from present-day and Little-Ice-Age populations of Arctic Bell-Heather to re-evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple independent refugia or a single refugium in Beringia. Location Circumpolar Arctic and Coastal British Columbia (BC) alpine. Taxon Cassiope tetragona L., subspecies saximontana and tetragona, outgroup C. mertensiana (Ericaceae). Methods We built genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries using Cassiope tetragona tissue from 36 Arctic locations, including two ~250- to 500-year-old populations collected under glacial ice on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We assembled a de novo GBS reference to call variants. Population structure, genetic diversity and demography were inferred from PCA, ADMIXTURE, fastsimcoal2, SplitsTree, and several population genomics statistics. Results Population structure analyses identified 4–5 clusters that align with geographic locations. Nucleotide diversity was highest in Beringia and decreased eastwards across Canada. Demographic coalescent analyses dated the following splits with Alaska: BC subspecies saximontana (5 mya), Russia (~1.4 mya), Europe (>200–600 kya), and Greenland (~60 kya). Northern Canada populations appear to have formed during the current interglacial (7–9 kya). Admixture analyses show genetic variants from Alaska appear more frequently in present-day than historic plants on Ellesmere Island. Conclusions Population and demographic analyses support BC, Alaska, Russia, Europe and Greenland as all having had independent Pleistocene refugia. Northern Canadian populations appear to be founded during the current interglacial with genetic contributions from Alaska, Europe and Greenland. We found evidence, on Ellesmere Island, for con, Aim Arctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia. The number, ages, and locations of these refugia are often unclear. We use high-resolution genomic data from present-day and Little-Ice-Age populations of Arctic Bell-Heather to re-evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple independent refugia or a single refugium in Beringia. Location Circumpolar Arctic and Coastal British Columbia (BC) alpine. Taxon Cassiope tetragona L., subspecies saximontana and tetragona, outgroup C. mertensiana (Ericaceae). Methods We built genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries using Cassiope tetragona tissue from 36 Arctic locations, including two ~250- to 500-year-old populations collected under glacial ice on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We assembled a de novo GBS reference to call variants. Population structure, genetic diversity and demography were inferred from PCA, ADMIXTURE, fastsimcoal2, SplitsTree, and several population genomics statistics. Results Population structure analyses identified 4–5 clusters that align with geographic locations. Nucleotide diversity was highest in Beringia and decreased eastwards across Canada. Demographic coalescent analyses dated the following splits with Alaska: BC subspecies saximontana (5 mya), Russia (~1.4 mya), Europe (>200–600 kya), and Greenland (~60 kya). Northern Canada populations appear to have formed during the current interglacial (7–9 kya). Admixture analyses show genetic variants from Alaska appear more frequently in present-day than historic plants on Ellesmere Island. Conclusions Population and demographic analyses support BC, Alaska, Russia, Europe and Greenland as all having had independent Pleistocene refugia. Northern Canadian populations appear to be founded during the current interglacial with genetic contributions from Alaska, Europe and Greenland. We found evidence, on Ellesmere Island, for con
Published: 2024

2. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT:science goals, project overview, and future developments

Author: Vernet, Joël R., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Artur R., Adibekyan, Vardan, Alberti, Valentina, Albrecht, Simon, Alcaniz, Jailson, Aliverti, Matteo, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alvarado-gomez, Julian, Alves, Catarina, Amado, Pedro J., Amate, Manuel, Andersen, Michael, Antoniucci, Simone, Artigau, E., Bailet, Christophe, Baker, Clark E., Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barnes, S.a., Baron, Frédérique, Barros, Susana, Bauer, Svend-marian, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bellido-tirado, Olga, Benneke, Björn, Bensby, Thomas, Bergin, Edwin, Berio, P., Biazzo, Katia, Bigot, Laurent, Bik, Arjan, Birkby, Jayne L., Blind, Nicolas, Boebion, Olivier, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, Marco, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonhomme, Lea, Borsa, Francesco, Bouret, Jean-claude, Brandeker, Alexis, Brandner, Wolfgang, Broeg, Christopher H., Brogi, Matteo, Brousseau, Denis, Brucalassi, Anna, Brynnel, Joar G., Buchhave, Lars A., Buscher, David F., Cabona, Lorenzo, Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Giorgio, Calvo-ortega, Rocío, Cantalloube, Faustine, Canto Martins, Bruno L., Carbonaro, Luca, Caujolle, Yan, Chauvin, Gaël, Chazelas, Bruno, Cheffot, Anne-laure L., Cheng, Yuk Shan, Chiavassa, Andrea, Christensen, Lise B., Cirami, Roberto, Cirasuolo, Michele, Cook, Neil J., Cooke, Ryan, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cowan, Nicolas B., Cresci, Giovanni, Cristiani, Stefano, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Cupani, Guido, D'odorico, Valentina, Dadi, Kamalesh, De Castro Leão, Izan C., De Cia, Annalisa, De Medeiros, Jose R., Debras, Florian, Debus, Michael, Delorme, Alain, Demangeon, Olivier, Derie, Frederic, Dessauges-zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Di Stefano, Simona, Dionies, Frank, Domiciano De Souza, Armando, Doyon, René, Dunn, Jennifer S., Egner, Sébastien E., Ehrenreich, David, Faria, Joao P., Ferruzzi, Debora, Feruglio, Chiara, Fisher, Martin, Fontana, Adriano, Frank, B S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, Thierry, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., González-hernández, J. I., Gouvret, C., Gracia Témich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, Philipp, Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., Macintosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M. J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., Mccracken, R. A., Melo E Sousa, M. A. F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.-q., Pallé, Enric, Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Peñate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Perreault Levasseur, L., Perruchot, Sandrine, Petit, P., Pfuhl, Oliver, Pino, L., Piqueras, Javier, Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, Emily, Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-lópez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz-forcada, Jorge, Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-f., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R. Y., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Suárez Mascareño, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J.-p., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbé, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Vernet, Joël R., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Marconi, Alessandro, Abreu, Artur R., Adibekyan, Vardan, Alberti, Valentina, Albrecht, Simon, Alcaniz, Jailson, Aliverti, Matteo, Allende Prieto, Carlos, Alvarado-gomez, Julian, Alves, Catarina, Amado, Pedro J., Amate, Manuel, Andersen, Michael, Antoniucci, Simone, Artigau, E., Bailet, Christophe, Baker, Clark E., Baldini, Veronica, Balestra, Andrea, Barnes, S.a., Baron, Frédérique, Barros, Susana, Bauer, Svend-marian, Beaulieu, Mathilde, Bellido-tirado, Olga, Benneke, Björn, Bensby, Thomas, Bergin, Edwin, Berio, P., Biazzo, Katia, Bigot, Laurent, Bik, Arjan, Birkby, Jayne L., Blind, Nicolas, Boebion, Olivier, Boisse, Isabelle, Bolmont, Emeline, Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, Marco, Bonfils, Xavier, Bonhomme, Lea, Borsa, Francesco, Bouret, Jean-claude, Brandeker, Alexis, Brandner, Wolfgang, Broeg, Christopher H., Brogi, Matteo, Brousseau, Denis, Brucalassi, Anna, Brynnel, Joar G., Buchhave, Lars A., Buscher, David F., Cabona, Lorenzo, Cabral, Alexandre, Calderone, Giorgio, Calvo-ortega, Rocío, Cantalloube, Faustine, Canto Martins, Bruno L., Carbonaro, Luca, Caujolle, Yan, Chauvin, Gaël, Chazelas, Bruno, Cheffot, Anne-laure L., Cheng, Yuk Shan, Chiavassa, Andrea, Christensen, Lise B., Cirami, Roberto, Cirasuolo, Michele, Cook, Neil J., Cooke, Ryan, Coretti, Igor, Covino, Stefano, Cowan, Nicolas B., Cresci, Giovanni, Cristiani, Stefano, Parro, Vanderlei Cunha, Cupani, Guido, D'odorico, Valentina, Dadi, Kamalesh, De Castro Leão, Izan C., De Cia, Annalisa, De Medeiros, Jose R., Debras, Florian, Debus, Michael, Delorme, Alain, Demangeon, Olivier, Derie, Frederic, Dessauges-zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, Paolo, Di Stefano, Simona, Dionies, Frank, Domiciano De Souza, Armando, Doyon, René, Dunn, Jennifer S., Egner, Sébastien E., Ehrenreich, David, Faria, Joao P., Ferruzzi, Debora, Feruglio, Chiara, Fisher, Martin, Fontana, Adriano, Frank, B S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, Thierry, Fynbo, Johan P. U., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., González-hernández, J. I., Gouvret, C., Gracia Témich, F., Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, Philipp, Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., Macintosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W. S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M. J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A. M., Martins, C. J. A. P., Martins, J. H. C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C., Mason, E., Mccracken, R. A., Melo E Sousa, M. A. F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.-q., Pallé, Enric, Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Peñate Castro, J., Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Perreault Levasseur, L., Perruchot, Sandrine, Petit, P., Pfuhl, Oliver, Pino, L., Piqueras, Javier, Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, Emily, Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M. A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-lópez, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Santos Diaz, P., Sanz-forcada, Jorge, Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J.-f., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R. Y., Strassmeier, Klaus G., Suárez Mascareño, A., Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J.-p., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbé, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Zapatero Osorio, M. R., Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.
Published: 2024

3. Detailed study of a rare hyperluminous rotating disk in an Einstein ring 10 billion years ago

Author: Liu, Daizhong, Förster Schreiber, Natascha M., Harrington, Kevin C., Lee, Lilian L., Kamieneski, Patrick S., Davies, Richard I., Lutz, Dieter, Renzini, Alvio, Wuyts, Stijn, Tacconi, Linda J., Genzel, Reinhard, Burkert, Andreas, Herrera-camus, Rodrigo, Alcalde Pampliega, Belén, Vishwas, Amit, Kaasinen, Melanie, Wang, Q. Daniel, Jiménez-andrade, Eric F., Lowenthal, James, Foo, Nicholas, Frye, Brenda L., Shangguan, Jinyi, Cao, Yixian, Agapito, Guido, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Barfety, Capucine, Baruffolo, Andrea, Berman, Derek, Black, Martin, Bonaglia, Marco, Briguglio, Runa, Carbonaro, Luca, Chapman, Lee, Chen, Jianhang, Cikota, Aleksandar, Concas, Alice, Cooper, Olivia, Cresci, Giovanni, Dallilar, Yigit, Deysenroth, Matthias, Di Antonio, Ivan, Di Cianno, Amico, Di Rico, Gianluca, Doelman, David, Dolci, Mauro, Eisenhauer, Frank, Espejo, Juan, Esposito, Simone, Fantinel, Daniela, Ferruzzi, Debora, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Gao, Xiaofeng, Garcia Diaz, Carlos, Gillessen, Stefan, Grani, Paolo, Hartl, Michael, Henry, David, Huber, Heinrich, Jolly, Jean-baptiste, Keller, Christoph U., Kenworthy, Matthew, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Lee, Minju M., Lightfoot, John, Lunney, David, Macintosh, Mike, Mannucci, Filippo, Ott, Thomas, Pascale, Massimo, Pastras, Stavros, Pearson, David, Puglisi, Alfio, Pulsoni, Claudia, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riccardi, Armando, Salasnich, Bernardo, Shimizu, Taro, Snik, Frans, Sturm, Eckhard, Taylor, William, Valentini, Angelo, Waring, Christopher, Wiezorrek, Erich, Xompero, Marco, Yun, Min S., Liu, Daizhong, Förster Schreiber, Natascha M., Harrington, Kevin C., Lee, Lilian L., Kamieneski, Patrick S., Davies, Richard I., Lutz, Dieter, Renzini, Alvio, Wuyts, Stijn, Tacconi, Linda J., Genzel, Reinhard, Burkert, Andreas, Herrera-camus, Rodrigo, Alcalde Pampliega, Belén, Vishwas, Amit, Kaasinen, Melanie, Wang, Q. Daniel, Jiménez-andrade, Eric F., Lowenthal, James, Foo, Nicholas, Frye, Brenda L., Shangguan, Jinyi, Cao, Yixian, Agapito, Guido, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Barfety, Capucine, Baruffolo, Andrea, Berman, Derek, Black, Martin, Bonaglia, Marco, Briguglio, Runa, Carbonaro, Luca, Chapman, Lee, Chen, Jianhang, Cikota, Aleksandar, Concas, Alice, Cooper, Olivia, Cresci, Giovanni, Dallilar, Yigit, Deysenroth, Matthias, Di Antonio, Ivan, Di Cianno, Amico, Di Rico, Gianluca, Doelman, David, Dolci, Mauro, Eisenhauer, Frank, Espejo, Juan, Esposito, Simone, Fantinel, Daniela, Ferruzzi, Debora, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Gao, Xiaofeng, Garcia Diaz, Carlos, Gillessen, Stefan, Grani, Paolo, Hartl, Michael, Henry, David, Huber, Heinrich, Jolly, Jean-baptiste, Keller, Christoph U., Kenworthy, Matthew, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Lee, Minju M., Lightfoot, John, Lunney, David, Macintosh, Mike, Mannucci, Filippo, Ott, Thomas, Pascale, Massimo, Pastras, Stavros, Pearson, David, Puglisi, Alfio, Pulsoni, Claudia, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riccardi, Armando, Salasnich, Bernardo, Shimizu, Taro, Snik, Frans, Sturm, Eckhard, Taylor, William, Valentini, Angelo, Waring, Christopher, Wiezorrek, Erich, Xompero, Marco, and Yun, Min S.
Published: 2024

4. Multiple Pleistocene refugia for Arctic Bell‐Heather revealed with genomic analyses of modern and historic plants

Author: Elphinstone, Cassandra, Hernández, Fernando, Todesco, Marco, Légaré, Jean‐sébastien, Cheung, Winnie, Sokoloff, Paul C., Hofgaard, Annika, Christiansen, Casper T., Frei, Esther R., Lévesque, Esther, Daskalova, Gergana N., Thomas, Haydn J. D., Myers‐smith, Isla H., Harris, Jacob A., Saarela, Jeffery M., May, Jeremy L., Obst, Joachim, Boike, Julia, Clark, Karin, Macintosh, Katie, Betway‐may, Katlyn R., Case, Liam, Björkman, Mats P., Moody, Michael L., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Molgaard, Per, Björk, Robert G., Hollister, Robert D., Bull, Roger D., Agger, Sofie, Maire, Vincent, Henry, Greg H. R., Rieseberg, Loren H., Elphinstone, Cassandra, Hernández, Fernando, Todesco, Marco, Légaré, Jean‐sébastien, Cheung, Winnie, Sokoloff, Paul C., Hofgaard, Annika, Christiansen, Casper T., Frei, Esther R., Lévesque, Esther, Daskalova, Gergana N., Thomas, Haydn J. D., Myers‐smith, Isla H., Harris, Jacob A., Saarela, Jeffery M., May, Jeremy L., Obst, Joachim, Boike, Julia, Clark, Karin, Macintosh, Katie, Betway‐may, Katlyn R., Case, Liam, Björkman, Mats P., Moody, Michael L., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Molgaard, Per, Björk, Robert G., Hollister, Robert D., Bull, Roger D., Agger, Sofie, Maire, Vincent, Henry, Greg H. R., and Rieseberg, Loren H.
Abstract: Aim Arctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia. The number, ages, and locations of these refugia are often unclear. We use high-resolution genomic data from present-day and Little-Ice-Age populations of Arctic Bell-Heather to re-evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple independent refugia or a single refugium in Beringia. Location Circumpolar Arctic and Coastal British Columbia (BC) alpine. Taxon Cassiope tetragona L., subspecies saximontana and tetragona, outgroup C. mertensiana (Ericaceae). Methods We built genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries using Cassiope tetragona tissue from 36 Arctic locations, including two ~250- to 500-year-old populations collected under glacial ice on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We assembled a de novo GBS reference to call variants. Population structure, genetic diversity and demography were inferred from PCA, ADMIXTURE, fastsimcoal2, SplitsTree, and several population genomics statistics. Results Population structure analyses identified 4–5 clusters that align with geographic locations. Nucleotide diversity was highest in Beringia and decreased eastwards across Canada. Demographic coalescent analyses dated the following splits with Alaska: BC subspecies saximontana (5 mya), Russia (~1.4 mya), Europe (>200–600 kya), and Greenland (~60 kya). Northern Canada populations appear to have formed during the current interglacial (7–9 kya). Admixture analyses show genetic variants from Alaska appear more frequently in present-day than historic plants on Ellesmere Island. Conclusions Population and demographic analyses support BC, Alaska, Russia, Europe and Greenland as all having had independent Pleistocene refugia. Northern Canadian populations appear to be founded during the current interglacial with genetic contributions from Alaska, Europe and Greenland. We found evidence, on Ellesmere Island, for con, Aim Arctic plants survived the Pleistocene glaciations in unglaciated refugia. The number, ages, and locations of these refugia are often unclear. We use high-resolution genomic data from present-day and Little-Ice-Age populations of Arctic Bell-Heather to re-evaluate the biogeography of this species and determine whether it had multiple independent refugia or a single refugium in Beringia. Location Circumpolar Arctic and Coastal British Columbia (BC) alpine. Taxon Cassiope tetragona L., subspecies saximontana and tetragona, outgroup C. mertensiana (Ericaceae). Methods We built genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries using Cassiope tetragona tissue from 36 Arctic locations, including two ~250- to 500-year-old populations collected under glacial ice on Ellesmere Island, Canada. We assembled a de novo GBS reference to call variants. Population structure, genetic diversity and demography were inferred from PCA, ADMIXTURE, fastsimcoal2, SplitsTree, and several population genomics statistics. Results Population structure analyses identified 4–5 clusters that align with geographic locations. Nucleotide diversity was highest in Beringia and decreased eastwards across Canada. Demographic coalescent analyses dated the following splits with Alaska: BC subspecies saximontana (5 mya), Russia (~1.4 mya), Europe (>200–600 kya), and Greenland (~60 kya). Northern Canada populations appear to have formed during the current interglacial (7–9 kya). Admixture analyses show genetic variants from Alaska appear more frequently in present-day than historic plants on Ellesmere Island. Conclusions Population and demographic analyses support BC, Alaska, Russia, Europe and Greenland as all having had independent Pleistocene refugia. Northern Canadian populations appear to be founded during the current interglacial with genetic contributions from Alaska, Europe and Greenland. We found evidence, on Ellesmere Island, for con
Published: 2024

5. ANDES, the high resolution spectrograph for the ELT:science goals, project overview and future developments

Author: Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joel R., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D.Alvarado, Alves, C. S., Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Antoniucci, S., Artigau, E., Bailet, C., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C.C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Berio, P., Biazzo, K., Bigot, L., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boebion, O., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Bonhomme, L., Borsa, F., Bouret, J. C., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabona, L., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Martins, B. L.Canto, Carbonaro, L., Caujolle, Y., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cirasuolo, M., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Dadi, K., de Castro Leão, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Delorme, A., Demangeon, O., Derie, F., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Stefano, S., Dionies, F., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Egner, S., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Ferruzzi, D., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Frank, B. S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Hernández, J. I.González, Gouvret, C., Témich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, P., Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A. J., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W.S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M.J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A., Martins, C. J.A.P., Martins, J. H.C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C. A., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Melo e Sousa, M. A.F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.Q., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Perruchot, S., Petit, P., Pfuhl, O., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M.A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. F., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R.Y., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J. P., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-Moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R.Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., Zimara, J., Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joel R., Marconi, A., Abreu, M., Adibekyan, V., Alberti, V., Albrecht, S., Alcaniz, J., Aliverti, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Gómez, J. D.Alvarado, Alves, C. S., Amado, P. J., Amate, M., Andersen, M. I., Antoniucci, S., Artigau, E., Bailet, C., Baker, C., Baldini, V., Balestra, A., Barnes, S. A., Baron, F., Barros, S. C.C., Bauer, S. M., Beaulieu, M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Benneke, B., Bensby, T., Bergin, E. A., Berio, P., Biazzo, K., Bigot, L., Bik, A., Birkby, J. L., Blind, N., Boebion, O., Boisse, I., Bolmont, E., Bolton, J. S., Bonaglia, M., Bonfils, X., Bonhomme, L., Borsa, F., Bouret, J. C., Brandeker, A., Brandner, W., Broeg, C. H., Brogi, M., Brousseau, D., Brucalassi, A., Brynnel, J., Buchhave, L. A., Buscher, D. F., Cabona, L., Cabral, A., Calderone, G., Calvo-Ortega, R., Cantalloube, F., Martins, B. L.Canto, Carbonaro, L., Caujolle, Y., Chauvin, G., Chazelas, B., Cheffot, A. L., Cheng, Y. S., Chiavassa, A., Christensen, L., Cirami, R., Cirasuolo, M., Cook, N. J., Cooke, R. J., Coretti, I., Covino, S., Cowan, N., Cresci, G., Cristiani, S., Parro, V. Cunha, Cupani, G., D'Odorico, V., Dadi, K., de Castro Leão, I., De Cia, A., De Medeiros, J. R., Debras, F., Debus, M., Delorme, A., Demangeon, O., Derie, F., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Di Marcantonio, P., Di Stefano, S., Dionies, F., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Doyon, R., Dunn, J., Egner, S., Ehrenreich, D., Faria, J. P., Ferruzzi, D., Feruglio, C., Fisher, M., Fontana, A., Frank, B. S., Fuesslein, C., Fumagalli, M., Fusco, T., Fynbo, J., Gabella, O., Gaessler, W., Gallo, E., Gao, X., Genolet, L., Genoni, M., Giacobbe, P., Giro, E., Gonçalves, R. S., Gonzalez, O. A., Hernández, J. I.González, Gouvret, C., Témich, F. Gracia, Haehnelt, M. G., Haniff, C., Hatzes, A., Helled, R., Hoeijmakers, H. J., Hughes, I., Huke, P., Ivanisenko, Y., Järvinen, A. S., Järvinen, S. P., Kaminski, A., Kern, J., Knoche, J., Kordt, A., Korhonen, H., Korn, A. J., Kouach, D., Kowzan, G., Kreidberg, L., Landoni, M., Lanotte, A. A., Lavail, A., Lavie, B., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Li, J., Li, W., Liske, J., Lovis, C., Lucatello, S., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M. J., Madhusudhan, N., Magrini, L., Maiolino, R., Maldonado, J., Malo, L., Man, A. W.S., Marquart, T., Marques, C. M.J., Marques, E. L., Martinez, P., Martins, A., Martins, C. J.A.P., Martins, J. H.C., Maslowski, P., Mason, C. A., Mason, E., McCracken, R. A., Melo e Sousa, M. A.F., Mergo, P., Micela, G., Milaković, D., Mollière, P., Monteiro, M. A., Montgomery, D., Mordasini, C., Morin, J., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, M. T., N'Diaye, M., Nardetto, N., Neichel, B., Neri, N., Niedzielski, A. T., Niemczura, E., Nisini, B., Nortmann, L., Noterdaeme, P., Nunes, N. J., Oggioni, L., Olchewsky, F., Oliva, E., Önel, H., Origlia, L., Östlin, G., Ouellette, N. N.Q., Palle, E., Papaderos, P., Pariani, G., Pasquini, L., Castro, J. Peñate, Pepe, F., Peroux, C., Levasseur, L. Perreault, Perruchot, S., Petit, P., Pfuhl, O., Pino, L., Piqueras, J., Piskunov, N., Pollo, A., Poppenhaeger, K., Porru, M., Puschnig, J., Quirrenbach, A., Rauscher, E., Rebolo, R., Redaelli, E. M.A., Reffert, S., Reid, D. T., Reiners, A., Richter, P., Riva, M., Rivoire, S., Rodríguez-López, C., Roederer, I. U., Romano, D., Roth, M., Rousseau, S., Rowe, J., Saccardi, A., Salvadori, S., Sanna, N., Santos, N. C., Diaz, P. Santos, Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarajlic, M., Sauvage, J. F., Savio, D., Scaudo, A., Schäfer, S., Schiavon, R. P., Schmidt, T. M., Selmi, C., Simoes, R., Simonnin, A., Sivanandam, S., Sordet, M., Sordo, R., Sortino, F., Sosnowska, D., Sousa, S. G., Spang, A., Spiga, R., Stempels, E., Stevenson, J. R.Y., Strassmeier, K. G., Mascareño, A. Suárez, Sulich, A., Sun, X., Tanvir, N. R., Tenegi-Sanginés, F., Thibault, S., Thompson, S. J., Tisserand, P., Tozzi, A., Turbet, M., Véran, J. P., Vallée, P., Vanni, I., Varas, R., Vega-Moreno, A., Venn, K. A., Verma, A., Vernet, J., Viel, M., Wade, G., Waring, C., Weber, M., Weder, J., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Woche, M., Xompero, M., Zackrisson, E., Zanutta, A., Osorio, M. R.Zapatero, Zechmeister, M., and Zimara, J.
Abstract: The first generation of ELT instruments includes an optical-infrared high resolution spectrograph, indicated as ELT-HIRES and recently christened ANDES (ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph).ANDES consists of three fibre-fed spectrographs ([U]BV, RIZ, YJH) providing a spectral resolution of ∼100,000 with a minimum simultaneous wavelength coverage of 0.4-1.8 µm with the goal of extending it to 0.35-2.4 µm with the addition of an U arm to the BV spectrograph and a separate K band spectrograph.It operates both in seeing- and diffraction-limited conditions and the fibre-feeding allows several, interchangeable observing modes including a single conjugated adaptive optics module and a small diffraction-limited integral field unit in the NIR.Modularity and fibre-feeding allows ANDES to be placed partly on the ELT Nasmyth platform and partly in the Coudé room.ANDES has a wide range of groundbreaking science cases spanning nearly all areas of research in astrophysics and even fundamental physics.Among the top science cases there are the detection of biosignatures from exoplanet atmospheres, finding the fingerprints of the first generation of stars, tests on the stability of Nature's fundamental couplings, and the direct detection of the cosmic acceleration.The ANDES project is carried forward by a large international consortium, composed of 35 Institutes from 13 countries, forming a team of almost 300 scientists and engineers which include the majority of the scientific and technical expertise in the field that can be found in ESO member states.
Published: 2024

6. Detailed study of a rare hyperluminous rotating disk in an Einstein ring 10 billion years ago

Author: Liu, Daizhong, Förster Schreiber, Natascha M., Harrington, Kevin C., Lee, Lilian L., Kamieneski, Patrick S., Davies, Richard I., Lutz, Dieter, Renzini, Alvio, Wuyts, Stijn, Tacconi, Linda J., Genzel, Reinhard, Burkert, Andreas, Herrera-camus, Rodrigo, Alcalde Pampliega, Belén, Vishwas, Amit, Kaasinen, Melanie, Wang, Q. Daniel, Jiménez-andrade, Eric F., Lowenthal, James, Foo, Nicholas, Frye, Brenda L., Shangguan, Jinyi, Cao, Yixian, Agapito, Guido, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Barfety, Capucine, Baruffolo, Andrea, Berman, Derek, Black, Martin, Bonaglia, Marco, Briguglio, Runa, Carbonaro, Luca, Chapman, Lee, Chen, Jianhang, Cikota, Aleksandar, Concas, Alice, Cooper, Olivia, Cresci, Giovanni, Dallilar, Yigit, Deysenroth, Matthias, Di Antonio, Ivan, Di Cianno, Amico, Di Rico, Gianluca, Doelman, David, Dolci, Mauro, Eisenhauer, Frank, Espejo, Juan, Esposito, Simone, Fantinel, Daniela, Ferruzzi, Debora, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Gao, Xiaofeng, Garcia Diaz, Carlos, Gillessen, Stefan, Grani, Paolo, Hartl, Michael, Henry, David, Huber, Heinrich, Jolly, Jean-baptiste, Keller, Christoph U., Kenworthy, Matthew, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Lee, Minju M., Lightfoot, John, Lunney, David, Macintosh, Mike, Mannucci, Filippo, Ott, Thomas, Pascale, Massimo, Pastras, Stavros, Pearson, David, Puglisi, Alfio, Pulsoni, Claudia, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riccardi, Armando, Salasnich, Bernardo, Shimizu, Taro, Snik, Frans, Sturm, Eckhard, Taylor, William, Valentini, Angelo, Waring, Christopher, Wiezorrek, Erich, Xompero, Marco, Yun, Min S., Liu, Daizhong, Förster Schreiber, Natascha M., Harrington, Kevin C., Lee, Lilian L., Kamieneski, Patrick S., Davies, Richard I., Lutz, Dieter, Renzini, Alvio, Wuyts, Stijn, Tacconi, Linda J., Genzel, Reinhard, Burkert, Andreas, Herrera-camus, Rodrigo, Alcalde Pampliega, Belén, Vishwas, Amit, Kaasinen, Melanie, Wang, Q. Daniel, Jiménez-andrade, Eric F., Lowenthal, James, Foo, Nicholas, Frye, Brenda L., Shangguan, Jinyi, Cao, Yixian, Agapito, Guido, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Barfety, Capucine, Baruffolo, Andrea, Berman, Derek, Black, Martin, Bonaglia, Marco, Briguglio, Runa, Carbonaro, Luca, Chapman, Lee, Chen, Jianhang, Cikota, Aleksandar, Concas, Alice, Cooper, Olivia, Cresci, Giovanni, Dallilar, Yigit, Deysenroth, Matthias, Di Antonio, Ivan, Di Cianno, Amico, Di Rico, Gianluca, Doelman, David, Dolci, Mauro, Eisenhauer, Frank, Espejo, Juan, Esposito, Simone, Fantinel, Daniela, Ferruzzi, Debora, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Gao, Xiaofeng, Garcia Diaz, Carlos, Gillessen, Stefan, Grani, Paolo, Hartl, Michael, Henry, David, Huber, Heinrich, Jolly, Jean-baptiste, Keller, Christoph U., Kenworthy, Matthew, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Lee, Minju M., Lightfoot, John, Lunney, David, Macintosh, Mike, Mannucci, Filippo, Ott, Thomas, Pascale, Massimo, Pastras, Stavros, Pearson, David, Puglisi, Alfio, Pulsoni, Claudia, Rabien, Sebastian, Rau, Christian, Riccardi, Armando, Salasnich, Bernardo, Shimizu, Taro, Snik, Frans, Sturm, Eckhard, Taylor, William, Valentini, Angelo, Waring, Christopher, Wiezorrek, Erich, Xompero, Marco, and Yun, Min S.
Published: 2024

7. Non-compliance and under-performance in Australian human-induced regeneration projects

Author: Macintosh, Andrew, Evans, Megan C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-310X, Butler, Don, Larraondo, Pablo, Edirisinghe, Chamith, Hunter, Kristen B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-4620, Evans, Maldwyn J, Ansell, Dean, Waschka, Marie, Lindenmayer, David, Macintosh, Andrew, Evans, Megan C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-310X, Butler, Don, Larraondo, Pablo, Edirisinghe, Chamith, Hunter, Kristen B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-4620, Evans, Maldwyn J, Ansell, Dean, Waschka, Marie, and Lindenmayer, David
Abstract: The ‘boom-and-bust’ nature of rangelands makes them ill-suited to nature-based solutions (NbS) involving carbon sequestration in vegetation and soils. The variability in these ecosystems makes it difficult to determine whether carbon stock changes are attributable to project activities, creating additionality risks. Low and variable rainfall also means carbon stock increases will often be impermanent, being susceptible to reversals in droughts, a risk magnified by climate change. The small potential for gains per unit area over vast regions makes it difficult to accurately measure carbon stock changes at low cost. This creates pressure to trade accuracy for simplicity in measurement approaches, increasing the risk of errors. Despite these risks, rangelands have been advanced as suitable for offset projects because of low opportunity cost and a perception they are extensively degraded. The most prominent example globally is human-induced regeneration (HIR) projects under the Australian carbon credit unit (ACCU) scheme, which are purporting to regenerate permanent even-aged native forests (≥20% canopy cover from trees ≥2 metres high) across millions of hectares of largely uncleared rangelands, predominantly by reducing grazing pressure. Previous research found limited forest regeneration in the credited areas of these projects, and that most of the observed changes in tree cover were attributable to factors other than the project activities. Here we extend this research by evaluating compliance of a sample of 116 HIR projects with regulatory requirements and their performance in increasing sequestration in regeneration. The results suggest most HIR projects are non-compliant with key regulatory requirements that are essential to project integrity, and have had minimal impact on woody vegetation cover in credited areas. The findings point to major administrative and governance failings in Australia’s carbon credit scheme, and a significant missed opportunity to restore
Published: 2024

8. Ocean Heat Convergence and North Atlantic Multidecadal Heat Content Variability

Author: Moat, B. I., Sinha, B., Berry, D. I., Drijfhout, S. S., Fraser, N., Hermanson, L., Jones, D. C., Josey, S. A., King, B., Macintosh, C., Megann, A., Oltmanns, M., Sanders, R., Williams, S., Moat, B. I., Sinha, B., Berry, D. I., Drijfhout, S. S., Fraser, N., Hermanson, L., Jones, D. C., Josey, S. A., King, B., Macintosh, C., Megann, A., Oltmanns, M., Sanders, R., and Williams, S.
Abstract: We construct an upper ocean (0–1000 m) North Atlantic heat budget (26°–67°N) for the period 1950–2020 using multiple observational datasets and an eddy-permitting global ocean model. On multidecadal time scales, ocean heat transport convergence controls ocean heat content (OHC) tendency in most regions of the North Atlantic with little role for diffusive processes. In the subpolar North Atlantic (45°–67°N), heat transport convergence is explained by geostrophic currents, whereas ageostrophic currents make a significant contribution in the subtropics (26°–45°N). The geostrophic contribution in all regions is dominated by anomalous advection across the time-mean temperature gradient although other processes make a significant contribution, particularly in the subtropics. The time scale and spatial distribution of the anomalous geostrophic currents are consistent with a simple model of basin-scale thermal Rossby waves propagating westward/northwestward in the subpolar gyre, and multidecadal variations in regional OHC are explained by geostrophic currents periodically coming into alignment with the mean temperature gradient as the Rossby wave passes through. The global ocean model simulation shows that multidecadal variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are synchronized with the ocean heat transport convergence consistent with modulation of the west–east pressure gradient by the propagating Rossby wave.
Published: 2024

9. Longitudinal cerebral perfusion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia:GENFI results

Author: Pasternak, Maurice, Mirza, Saira S., Luciw, Nicholas, Mutsaerts, Henri J.M.M., Petr, Jan, Thomas, David L., Cash, David, Bocchetta, Martina, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Mitchell, Sara B., Black, Sandra E., Freedman, Morris, Tang-Wai, David, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Russell, Lucy L., Bouzigues, Arabella, van Swieten, John C., Jiskoot, Lize C., Seelaar, Harro, Laforce, Robert, Tiraboschi, Pietro, Borroni, Barbara, Galimberti, Daniela, Rowe, James B., Graff, Caroline, Finger, Elizabeth, Sorbi, Sandro, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Butler, Chris, Gerhard, Alex, Sanchez-Valle, Raquel, Moreno, Fermin, Synofzik, Matthis, Vandenberghe, Rik, Ducharme, Simon, Levin, Johannes, Otto, Markus, Santana, Isabel, Strafella, Antonio P., MacIntosh, Bradley J., Rohrer, Jonathan D., Masellis, Mario, Pasternak, Maurice, Mirza, Saira S., Luciw, Nicholas, Mutsaerts, Henri J.M.M., Petr, Jan, Thomas, David L., Cash, David, Bocchetta, Martina, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Mitchell, Sara B., Black, Sandra E., Freedman, Morris, Tang-Wai, David, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Russell, Lucy L., Bouzigues, Arabella, van Swieten, John C., Jiskoot, Lize C., Seelaar, Harro, Laforce, Robert, Tiraboschi, Pietro, Borroni, Barbara, Galimberti, Daniela, Rowe, James B., Graff, Caroline, Finger, Elizabeth, Sorbi, Sandro, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Butler, Chris, Gerhard, Alex, Sanchez-Valle, Raquel, Moreno, Fermin, Synofzik, Matthis, Vandenberghe, Rik, Ducharme, Simon, Levin, Johannes, Otto, Markus, Santana, Isabel, Strafella, Antonio P., MacIntosh, Bradley J., Rohrer, Jonathan D., and Masellis, Mario
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Effective longitudinal biomarkers that track disease progression are needed to characterize the presymptomatic phase of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigate the utility of cerebral perfusion as one such biomarker in presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers. METHODS: We investigated longitudinal profiles of cerebral perfusion using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in 42 C9orf72, 70 GRN, and 31 MAPT presymptomatic carriers and 158 non-carrier controls. Linear mixed effects models assessed perfusion up to 5 years after baseline assessment. RESULTS: Perfusion decline was evident in all three presymptomatic groups in global gray matter. Each group also featured its own regional pattern of hypoperfusion over time, with the left thalamus common to all groups. Frontal lobe regions featured lower perfusion in those who symptomatically converted versus asymptomatic carriers past their expected age of disease onset. DISCUSSION: Cerebral perfusion is a potential biomarker for assessing genetic FTD and its genetic subgroups prior to symptom onset. Highlights: Gray matter perfusion declines in at-risk genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Regional perfusion decline differs between at-risk genetic FTD subgroups. Hypoperfusion in the left thalamus is common across all presymptomatic groups. Converters exhibit greater right frontal hypoperfusion than non-converters past their expected conversion date. Cerebral hypoperfusion is a potential early biomarker of genetic FTD.
Published: 2024

10. Neuroimaging and Biosample Collection in the Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study:Rationale, Methods, and Early Data

Author: Dickie, Erin W, Ameis, Stephanie H, Boileau, Isabelle, Diaconescu, Andreea O, Felsky, Daniel, Goldstein, Benjamin I, Gonçalves, Vanessa, Griffiths, John D, Haltigan, John D, Husain, Muhammad O, Rubin-Kahana, Dafna S, Iftikhar, Myera, Jani, Melanie, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lin, Hsiang-Yuan, MacIntosh, Bradley J, Wheeler, Anne L, Vasdev, Neil, Vieira, Erica, Ahmadzadeh, Ghazaleh, Heyland, Lindsay, Mohan, Akshay, Ogunsanya, Feyi, Oliver, Lindsay D, Zhu, Cherrie, Wong, Jimmy K Y, Charlton, Colleen, Truong, Jennifer, Yu, Lujia, Kelly, Rachel, Cleverley, Kristin, Courtney, Darren B, Foussias, George, Hawke, Lisa D, Hill, Sean, Kozloff, Nicole, Polillo, Alexia, Rotenberg, Martin, Quilty, Lena C, Tempelaar, Wanda, Wang, Wei, Nikolova, Yuliya S, Voineskos, Aristotle N, Dickie, Erin W, Ameis, Stephanie H, Boileau, Isabelle, Diaconescu, Andreea O, Felsky, Daniel, Goldstein, Benjamin I, Gonçalves, Vanessa, Griffiths, John D, Haltigan, John D, Husain, Muhammad O, Rubin-Kahana, Dafna S, Iftikhar, Myera, Jani, Melanie, Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lin, Hsiang-Yuan, MacIntosh, Bradley J, Wheeler, Anne L, Vasdev, Neil, Vieira, Erica, Ahmadzadeh, Ghazaleh, Heyland, Lindsay, Mohan, Akshay, Ogunsanya, Feyi, Oliver, Lindsay D, Zhu, Cherrie, Wong, Jimmy K Y, Charlton, Colleen, Truong, Jennifer, Yu, Lujia, Kelly, Rachel, Cleverley, Kristin, Courtney, Darren B, Foussias, George, Hawke, Lisa D, Hill, Sean, Kozloff, Nicole, Polillo, Alexia, Rotenberg, Martin, Quilty, Lena C, Tempelaar, Wanda, Wang, Wei, Nikolova, Yuliya S, and Voineskos, Aristotle N
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Toronto Adolescent and Youth (TAY) Cohort Study will characterize the neurobiological trajectories of psychosis spectrum symptoms, functioning, and suicidality (i.e., suicidal thoughts and behaviors) in youth seeking mental health care. Here, we present the neuroimaging and biosample component of the protocol. We also present feasibility and quality control metrics for the baseline sample collected thus far.METHODS: The current study includes youths (ages 11-24 years) who were referred to child and youth mental health services within a large tertiary care center in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with target recruitment of 1500 participants. Participants were offered the opportunity to provide any or all of the following: 1) 1-hour magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (electroencephalography if ineligible for or declined MRI), 2) blood sample for genomic and proteomic data (or saliva if blood collection was declined or not feasible) and urine sample, and 3) heart rate recording to assess respiratory sinus arrhythmia.RESULTS: Of the first 417 participants who consented to participate between May 4, 2021, and February 2, 2023, 412 agreed to participate in the imaging and biosample protocol. Of these, 334 completed imaging, 341 provided a biosample, 338 completed respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and 316 completed all 3. Following quality control, data usability was high (MRI: T1-weighted 99%, diffusion-weighted imaging 99%, arterial spin labeling 90%, resting-state functional MRI 95%, task functional MRI 90%; electroencephalography: 83%; respiratory sinus arrhythmia: 99%).CONCLUSIONS: The high consent rates, good completion rates, and high data usability reported here demonstrate the feasibility of collecting and using brain imaging and biosamples in a large clinical cohort of youths seeking mental health care.
Published: 2024

11. Recommendations for quantitative cerebral perfusion MRI using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling:Acquisition, quantification, and clinical applications

Author: Woods, Joseph G., Achten, Eric, Asllani, Iris, Bolar, Divya S., Dai, Weiying, Detre, John A., Fan, Audrey P., Fernández-Seara, María A., Golay, Xavier, Günther, Matthias, Guo, Jia, Hernandez-Garcia, Luis, Ho, Mai Lan, Juttukonda, Meher R., Lu, Hanzhang, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Madhuranthakam, Ananth J., Mutsaerts, Henk Jan, Okell, Thomas W., Parkes, Laura M., Pinter, Nandor, Pinto, Joana, Qin, Qin, Smits, Marion, Suzuki, Yuriko, Thomas, David L., Van Osch, Matthias J.P., Wang, Danny J.J., Warnert, Esther A.H., Zaharchuk, Greg, Zelaya, Fernando, Zhao, Moss, Chappell, Michael A., Woods, Joseph G., Achten, Eric, Asllani, Iris, Bolar, Divya S., Dai, Weiying, Detre, John A., Fan, Audrey P., Fernández-Seara, María A., Golay, Xavier, Günther, Matthias, Guo, Jia, Hernandez-Garcia, Luis, Ho, Mai Lan, Juttukonda, Meher R., Lu, Hanzhang, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Madhuranthakam, Ananth J., Mutsaerts, Henk Jan, Okell, Thomas W., Parkes, Laura M., Pinter, Nandor, Pinto, Joana, Qin, Qin, Smits, Marion, Suzuki, Yuriko, Thomas, David L., Van Osch, Matthias J.P., Wang, Danny J.J., Warnert, Esther A.H., Zaharchuk, Greg, Zelaya, Fernando, Zhao, Moss, and Chappell, Michael A.
Abstract: Accurate assessment of cerebral perfusion is vital for understanding the hemodynamic processes involved in various neurological disorders and guiding clinical decision-making. This guidelines article provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative perfusion imaging of the brain using multi-timepoint arterial spin labeling (ASL), along with recommendations for its acquisition and quantification. A major benefit of acquiring ASL data with multiple label durations and/or post-labeling delays (PLDs) is being able to account for the effect of variable arterial transit time (ATT) on quantitative perfusion values and additionally visualize the spatial pattern of ATT itself, providing valuable clinical insights. Although multi-timepoint data can be acquired in the same scan time as single-PLD data with comparable perfusion measurement precision, its acquisition and postprocessing presents challenges beyond single-PLD ASL, impeding widespread adoption. Building upon the 2015 ASL consensus article, this work highlights the protocol distinctions specific to multi-timepoint ASL and provides robust recommendations for acquiring high-quality data. Additionally, we propose an extended quantification model based on the 2015 consensus model and discuss relevant postprocessing options to enhance the analysis of multi-timepoint ASL data. Furthermore, we review the potential clinical applications where multi-timepoint ASL is expected to offer significant benefits. This article is part of a series published by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group, aiming to guide and inspire the advancement and utilization of ASL beyond the scope of the 2015 consensus article.
Published: 2024

12. Measuring personal characteristics in applicants to German medical schools: Piloting an online Situational Judgement Test with an open-ended response format

Author: Knorr, M, Mielke, I, Amelung, D, Safari, M, Gröne, OR, Breil, SM, MacIntosh, A, Knorr, M, Mielke, I, Amelung, D, Safari, M, Gröne, OR, Breil, SM, and MacIntosh, A
Abstract: Objectives: Situational Judgement Tests (SJT) are a cost-efficient method for the assessment of personal characteristics (e.g., empathy, professionalism, ethical thinking) in medical school admission. Recently, complex open-ended response format SJTs have become more feasible to conduct. However, research on their applicability to a German context is missing. This pilot study tests the acceptability, reliability, subgroup differences, and validity of an online SJT with open-ended response format developed in Canada ("Casper").Methods: German medical school applicants and students from Hamburg were invited to take Casper in 2020 and 2021. The test consisted of 12 video- and text-based scenarios, each followed by three open-ended questions. Participants subsequently evaluated their test experience in an online survey. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, other admission criteria (Abitur, TMS, HAM-Nat, HAM-SJT) and study success (OSCE) was available in a central research database (stav). Results: The full sample consisted of 582 participants. Test-takers' global perception of Casper was positive. Internal consistency was satisfactory in both years (alpha =0.73; 0.82) while interrater agreement was moderate (ICC(1,2)=0.54). Participants who were female (d =0.37) or did not have a migration background (d =0.40) received higher scores. Casper scores correlated with HAM-SJT (r =.18) but not with OSCE communication stations performance. The test was also related to Abitur grades (r =-.15), the TMS (r =.18), and HAM-Nat logical reasoning scores (r =.23). Conclusion: This study provides positive evidence for the acceptability, internal consistency, and convergent validity of Casper. The selection and training of raters as well as the scenario content require further observation and adjustments to a German context to improve interrater reliability and predictive validity., Ziele: Situational Judgement Tests (SJTs) sind eine kosteneffiziente Methode zur Beurteilung von persönlichen Eigenschaften (z.B. Empathie, Professionalität, ethisches Denken) bei der Zulassung zum Medizinstudium. Die Durchführung komplexer SJTs mit offenem Antwortformat ist in jüngster Zeit einfacher geworden. Es fehlen jedoch Untersuchungen zu ihrer Anwendbarkeit im deutschen Kontext. Diese Pilotstudie testet die Akzeptanz, Reliabilität, Subgruppenunterschiede und Validität eines in Kanada entwickelten Online-SJTs mit offenem Antwortformat ("Casper").Methoden: Studienbewerber*innen aus Deutschland und Medizinstudierende aus Hamburg wurden eingeladen, Casper in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 zu absolvieren. Der Test bestand aus 12 video- und textbasierten Szenarien, auf die jeweils drei offene Fragen folgten. Die Teilnehmenden bewerteten anschließend ihre Testerfahrung in einer Online-Umfrage. Daten zu soziodemografischen Merkmalen, weiteren Zulassungskriterien (Abitur, TMS, HAM-Nat, HAM-SJT) und zum Studienerfolg (OSCE) waren in einer zentralen Forschungsdatenbank (stav) verfügbar.Ergebnisse: Die Gesamtstichprobe bestand aus 582 Teilnehmenden. Die allgemeine Wahrnehmung von Casper durch die Testteilnehmenden war positiv. Die interne Konsistenz war in beiden Jahren zufriedenstellend (alpha =0,73; 0,82), während die Interrater-Übereinstimmung mäßig war (ICC (1,2)=0,54). Weibliche Teilnehmerinnen (d =0,37) oder Teilnehmende ohne Migrationshintergrund (d =0,40) erzielten höhere Testwerte. Die Casper Testwerte korrelierten mit dem HAM-SJT (r =.18), aber nicht mit der Leistung in OSCE-Kommunikationsstationen. Der Test zeigte auch Zusammenhänge mit der Abiturnote (r =-.15), dem TMS (r =.18) und dem HAM-Nat-Subtest für logisches Denken (r =.23).Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie liefert positive Belege für die Akzeptanz, interne Konsistenz und konvergente Validität von Casper. Die Auswahl und Schulung der Beurteiler*innen sowie die Inhalte der Szenarien bedürfen weiterer Untersuchu
Published: 2024

13. Analyzing the Atmospheric Dispersion Correction of the Gemini Planet Imager: residual dispersion above design requirements

Author: Noel, Malachi, Wang, Jason J., Macintosh, Bruce, Crotts, Katie, Marois, Christian, Nielsen, Eric L., De Rosa, Robert J., Scalzo, Katie, Wallace, Kent, Noel, Malachi, Wang, Jason J., Macintosh, Bruce, Crotts, Katie, Marois, Christian, Nielsen, Eric L., De Rosa, Robert J., Scalzo, Katie, and Wallace, Kent
Abstract: The Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector (ADC) of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) corrects the chromatic dispersion caused by differential atmospheric refraction (DAR), making it an important optic for exoplanet observation. Despite requiring less than 5 mas of residual DAR to avoid potentially affecting the coronagraph, the GPI ADC averages $\sim7$ and $\sim11$ mas of residual DAR in $H$ and $J$ band respectively. We analyzed GPI data in those bands to find explanations for the underperformance. We found the model GPI uses to predict DAR underestimates humidity's impact on incident DAR, causing on average a 0.54 mas increase in $H$ band residual DAR. Additionally, the GPI ADC consistently undercorrects in $H$ band by about 7 mas, causing almost all the $H$ band residual DAR. $J$ band does not have such an offset. Perpendicular dispersion induced by the GPI ADC, potentially from a misalignment in the prisms' relative orientation, causes 86% of the residual DAR in $J$ band. Correcting these issues could reduce residual DAR, thereby improving exoplanet detection. We also made a new approximation for the index of refraction of air from 0.7 microns to 1.36 microns that more accurately accounts for the effects of humidity., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, published in JATIS
Published: 2024
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14. Design of the 50-meter Atacama Large Aperture Submm Telescope

Author: Mroczkowski, Tony, Gallardo, Patricio A., Timpe, Martin, Kiselev, Aleksej, Groh, Manuel, Kaercher, Hans, Reichert, Matthias, Cicone, Claudia, Puddu, Roberto, Dubois-dit-Bonclaude, Pierre, Bok, Daniel, Dahl, Erik, Macintosh, Mike, Dicker, Simon, Viole, Isabelle, Sartori, Sabrina, Venegas, Guillermo Andrés Valenzuela, Zeyringer, Marianne, Niemack, Michael, Poppi, Sergio, Olguin, Rodrigo, Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia, De Breuck, Carlos, Klaassen, Pamela, Montenegro-Montes, Francisco, Zimmerer, Thomas, Mroczkowski, Tony, Gallardo, Patricio A., Timpe, Martin, Kiselev, Aleksej, Groh, Manuel, Kaercher, Hans, Reichert, Matthias, Cicone, Claudia, Puddu, Roberto, Dubois-dit-Bonclaude, Pierre, Bok, Daniel, Dahl, Erik, Macintosh, Mike, Dicker, Simon, Viole, Isabelle, Sartori, Sabrina, Venegas, Guillermo Andrés Valenzuela, Zeyringer, Marianne, Niemack, Michael, Poppi, Sergio, Olguin, Rodrigo, Hatziminaoglou, Evanthia, De Breuck, Carlos, Klaassen, Pamela, Montenegro-Montes, Francisco, and Zimmerer, Thomas
Abstract: Submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths can reveal a vast range of objects and phenomena that are either too cold, too distant, or too hot and energetic to be measured at visible wavelengths. For decades the astronomical community has highlighted the need for a large, high-throughput submm single dish that can map statistically significant portions of the sky with sufficient surface brightness sensitivity and angular and spectral resolution to probe truly representative source populations. The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), with its 50-m aperture and $2^\circ$ maximal field of view, aims to be such a facility. We present here the full design concept for AtLAST, developed through an EU-funded project. Our design approach begins with a long lineage of submm telescopes, relies on calculations and simulations to realize the optics, and uses finite element analysis to optimize the mechanical structure and subsystems. The result is an innovative rocking chair design with six instrument bays, two of which are mounted on Nasmyth platforms. AtLAST will be capable of $3^\circ\,\rm s^{-1}$ scanning and $1^\circ\,\rm s^{-2}$ acceleration, and will feature a surface accuracy of $\leq 20~\mu$m half wavefront error allowing observations up to $\approx 950$~GHz. Further, AtLAST will be a sustainable, visionary facility that will allow upgrades for decades to come. The demanding design requirements for AtLAST, set by transformative science goals, were met by combining novel concepts with lessons learned from past experience. While some aspects require further testing, prototyping, and field demonstrations, we estimate that the design will be construction-ready this decade., Comment: 26 pages, 27 figures; Submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

15. Ocean heat convergence and North Atlantic multidecadal heat content variability

Author: Moat, B.I., Sinha, B., Berry, D.I., Drijfhout, S.S., Fraser, N., Hermanson, L., Jones, D.C., Josey, S.A., King, B., Macintosh, C., Megann, A., Oltmanns, M., Sanders, R., Williams, S., Moat, B.I., Sinha, B., Berry, D.I., Drijfhout, S.S., Fraser, N., Hermanson, L., Jones, D.C., Josey, S.A., King, B., Macintosh, C., Megann, A., Oltmanns, M., Sanders, R., and Williams, S.
Abstract: We construct an upper ocean (0-1000m) North Atlantic heat budget (26°-67°N) for the period 1950-2020 using multiple observational datasets and an eddy-permitting global ocean model. On multidecadal timescales ocean heat transport convergence controls ocean heat content (OHC) tendency in most regions of the North Atlantic with little role for diffusive processes. In the subpolar North Atlantic (45°N-67°N) heat transport convergence is explained by geostrophic currents whereas ageostrophic currents make a significant contribution in the subtropics (26°N-45°N). The geostrophic contribution in all regions is dominated by anomalous advection across the time-mean temperature gradient although other processes make a significant contribution particularly in the subtropics. The timescale and spatial distribution of the anomalous geostrophic currents are consistent with a simple model of basin scale thermal Rossby waves propagating westwards/northwestwards in the subpolar gyre and multidecadal variations in regional OHC are explained by geostrophic currents periodically coming into alignment with the mean temperature gradient as the Rossby wave passes through. The global ocean model simulation shows that multidecadal variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are synchronized with the ocean heat transport convergence consistent with modulation of the west-east pressure gradient by the propagating Rossby wave.
Published: 2024

16. Longitudinal cerebral perfusion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia: GENFI results

Author: Pasternak, M., Mirza, S., Luciw, N., Mutsaerts, H., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Thomas, D., Cash, D., Bocchetta, M., Tartaglia, C., Mitchell, S., Black, S., Freedman, M., Tang-Wai, D., Rogaeva, E., Russell, L., Bouzigues, A., Swieten, J., Jiskoot, L., Seelaar, H., Laforce Jr., R., Tiraboschi, P., Borroni, B., Galimberti, D., Rowe, J., Graff, C., Finger, E., Sandro, S., Mendonça, A., Butler, C., Gerhard, A., Sánchez-Valle, R., Moreno, F., Synofzik, M., Vandenberghe, R., Ducharme, S., Levin, J., Otto, M., Santana, I., Strafella, A., Macintosh, B., Rohrer, J., Masellis, M., Pasternak, M., Mirza, S., Luciw, N., Mutsaerts, H., (0000-0002-3201-6002) Petr, J., Thomas, D., Cash, D., Bocchetta, M., Tartaglia, C., Mitchell, S., Black, S., Freedman, M., Tang-Wai, D., Rogaeva, E., Russell, L., Bouzigues, A., Swieten, J., Jiskoot, L., Seelaar, H., Laforce Jr., R., Tiraboschi, P., Borroni, B., Galimberti, D., Rowe, J., Graff, C., Finger, E., Sandro, S., Mendonça, A., Butler, C., Gerhard, A., Sánchez-Valle, R., Moreno, F., Synofzik, M., Vandenberghe, R., Ducharme, S., Levin, J., Otto, M., Santana, I., Strafella, A., Macintosh, B., Rohrer, J., and Masellis, M.
Abstract: Genetic frontotemporal dementia is most commonly attributable to mutations in the C9orf72, GRN, or MAPT genes. The disease has near-complete penetrance, making presymptomatic carriers an ideal population for ascertaining the earliest changes in disease progression and the identification of suitable biomarkers for designing therapeutic trials when minimal neuronal loss has occurred. Cerebral perfusion, as measured by arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI, has shown promise in being one such biomarker. However, longitudinal profiles of change in perfusion over time in presymptomatic carriers across all three genetic subgroups are lacking. Using data from the multicenter GENetic Frontotemporal dementia Initiative, we investigated longitudinal profiles of cerebral perfusion using ASL-MRI in C9orf72 (n = 42), GRN (n = 70), and MAPT (n = 31) presymptomatic mutation carriers and non-carrier controls (n = 158). ASL and T1w scans were processed with the ExploreASL pipeline to produce partial volume corrected perfusion images, which were parcellated to extract mean perfusion values from whole brain grey matter and regions defined by the second version of the automated anatomical atlas (AAL2). Linear mixed effects models were used to assess longitudinal perfusion change. Mutation carrier groups and non-carriers were statistically indistinguishable by baseline demographic and clinical measures. Decline in whole brain grey matter perfusion over time was more pronounced in all three carrier subgroups relative to controls, with changes most pronounced in GRN, followed by C9orf72 and MAPT variants. Additionally, GRN and MAPT groups featured global grey matter hypoperfusion relative to non-carrier controls as early as one year after baseline measurement, with C9orf72 featuring significant hypoperfusion after two years. Region of interest analysis demonstrated that each genetic subgroup had its own regional profile in terms of longitudinal perfusion decline. Perfusion decline in C9orf72
Published: 2024

17. Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

Author: Macintosh, Kerry Lynn, Macintosh, Kerry Lynn, Macintosh, Kerry Lynn, and Macintosh, Kerry Lynn
Published: 2023

18. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition

Author: Palmer, EE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-215X, Pusch, M, Picollo, A, Forwood, C, Nguyen, MH ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2529-5330, Suckow, V, Gibbons, J, Hoff, A, Sigfrid, L, Megarbane, A, Nizon, M, Cogné, B, Beneteau, C, Alkuraya, FS, Chedrawi, A, Hashem, MO, Stamberger, H, Weckhuysen, S, Vanlander, A, Ceulemans, B, Rajagopalan, S, Nunn, K, Arpin, S, Raynaud, M, Motter, CS, Ward-Melver, C, Janssens, K, Meuwissen, M, Beysen, D, Dikow, N, Grimmel, M, Haack, TB, Clement, E, McTague, A, Hunt, D, Townshend, S, Ward, M, Richards, LJ, Simons, C, Costain, G, Dupuis, L, Mendoza-Londono, R, Dudding-Byth, T, Boyle, J, Saunders, C, Fleming, E, El Chehadeh, S, Spitz, MA, Piton, A, Gerard, B, Abi Warde, MT, Rea, G, McKenna, C, Douzgou, S, Banka, S, Akman, C, Bain, JM, Sands, TT, Wilson, GN, Silvertooth, EJ, Miller, L, Lederer, D, Sachdev, R, Macintosh, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-0264, Monestier, O, Karadurmus, D, Collins, F, Carter, M, Rohena, L, Willemsen, MH, Ockeloen, CW, Pfundt, R, Kroft, SD, Field, M, Laranjeira, FER, Fortuna, AM, Soares, AR, Michaud, V, Naudion, S, Golla, S, Weaver, DD, Bird, LM, Friedman, J, Clowes, V, Joss, S, Pölsler, L, Campeau, PM, Blazo, M, Bijlsma, EK, Rosenfeld, JA, Beetz, C, Powis, Z, McWalter, K, Brandt, T, Torti, E, Mathot, M, Mohammad, SS, Armstrong, R, Kalscheuer, VM, Palmer, EE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-215X, Pusch, M, Picollo, A, Forwood, C, Nguyen, MH ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2529-5330, Suckow, V, Gibbons, J, Hoff, A, Sigfrid, L, Megarbane, A, Nizon, M, Cogné, B, Beneteau, C, Alkuraya, FS, Chedrawi, A, Hashem, MO, Stamberger, H, Weckhuysen, S, Vanlander, A, Ceulemans, B, Rajagopalan, S, Nunn, K, Arpin, S, Raynaud, M, Motter, CS, Ward-Melver, C, Janssens, K, Meuwissen, M, Beysen, D, Dikow, N, Grimmel, M, Haack, TB, Clement, E, McTague, A, Hunt, D, Townshend, S, Ward, M, Richards, LJ, Simons, C, Costain, G, Dupuis, L, Mendoza-Londono, R, Dudding-Byth, T, Boyle, J, Saunders, C, Fleming, E, El Chehadeh, S, Spitz, MA, Piton, A, Gerard, B, Abi Warde, MT, Rea, G, McKenna, C, Douzgou, S, Banka, S, Akman, C, Bain, JM, Sands, TT, Wilson, GN, Silvertooth, EJ, Miller, L, Lederer, D, Sachdev, R, Macintosh, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-0264, Monestier, O, Karadurmus, D, Collins, F, Carter, M, Rohena, L, Willemsen, MH, Ockeloen, CW, Pfundt, R, Kroft, SD, Field, M, Laranjeira, FER, Fortuna, AM, Soares, AR, Michaud, V, Naudion, S, Golla, S, Weaver, DD, Bird, LM, Friedman, J, Clowes, V, Joss, S, Pölsler, L, Campeau, PM, Blazo, M, Bijlsma, EK, Rosenfeld, JA, Beetz, C, Powis, Z, McWalter, K, Brandt, T, Torti, E, Mathot, M, Mohammad, SS, Armstrong, R, and Kalscheuer, VM
Abstract: Missense and truncating variants in the X-chromosome-linked CLCN4 gene, resulting in reduced or complete loss-of-function (LOF) of the encoded chloride/proton exchanger ClC-4, were recently demonstrated to cause a neurocognitive phenotype in both males and females. Through international clinical matchmaking and interrogation of public variant databases we assembled a database of 90 rare CLCN4 missense variants in 90 families: 41 unique and 18 recurrent variants in 49 families. For 43 families, including 22 males and 33 females, we collated detailed clinical and segregation data. To confirm causality of variants and to obtain insight into disease mechanisms, we investigated the effect on electrophysiological properties of 59 of the variants in Xenopus oocytes using extended voltage and pH ranges. Detailed analyses revealed new pathophysiological mechanisms: 25% (15/59) of variants demonstrated LOF, characterized by a “shift” of the voltage-dependent activation to more positive voltages, and nine variants resulted in a toxic gain-of-function, associated with a disrupted gate allowing inward transport at negative voltages. Functional results were not always in line with in silico pathogenicity scores, highlighting the complexity of pathogenicity assessment for accurate genetic counselling. The complex neurocognitive and psychiatric manifestations of this condition, and hitherto under-recognized impacts on growth, gastrointestinal function, and motor control are discussed. Including published cases, we summarize features in 122 individuals from 67 families with CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition and suggest future research directions with the aim of improving the integrated care for individuals with this diagnosis.
Published: 2023

19. Association of Brain Age, Lesion Volume, and Functional Outcome in Patients With Stroke

Author: Liew, Sook-Lei, Schweighofer, Nicolas, Cole, James H., Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Artemis, Lo, Bethany P., Han, Laura K.M., Hahn, Tim, Schmaal, Lianne, Donnelly, Miranda R., Jeong, Jessica N., Wang, Zhizhuo, Abdullah, Aisha, Kim, Jun H., Hutton, Alexandre, Barisano, Giuseppe, Borich, Michael R., Boyd, Lara A., Brodtmann, Amy, Buetefisch, Cathrin M., Byblow, Winston D., Cassidy, Jessica M., Charalambous, Charalambos C., Ciullo, Valentina, Conforto, Adriana Bastos, Dacosta-Aguayo, Rosalia, DiCarlo, Julie A., Domin, Martin, Dula, Adrienne N., Egorova-Brumley, Natalia, Feng, Wuwei, Geranmayeh, Fatemeh, Gregory, Chris M., Hanlon, Colleen A., Hayward, Kathryn, Holguin, Jess A., Hordacre, Brenton, Jahanshad, Neda, Kautz, Steven A., Khlif, Mohamed Salah, Kim, Hosung, Kuceyeski, Amy, Lin, David J., Liu, Jingchun, Lotze, Martin, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Margetis, John L., Mataro, Maria, Mohamed, Feroze B., Olafson, Emily R., Park, Gilsoon, Piras, Fabrizio, Revill, Kate P., Roberts, Pamela, Robertson, Andrew D., Sanossian, Nerses, Schambra, Heidi M., Seo, Na Jin, Soekadar, Surjo R., Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stinear, Cathy M., Taga, Myriam, Tang, Wai Kwong, Thielman, Greg T., Vecchio, Daniela, Ward, Nick S., Westlye, Lars T., Winstein, Carolee J., Wittenberg, George F., Wolf, Steven L., Wong, Kristin A., Yu, Chunshui, Cramer, Steven C., Thompson, Paul M., Liew, Sook-Lei, Schweighofer, Nicolas, Cole, James H., Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Artemis, Lo, Bethany P., Han, Laura K.M., Hahn, Tim, Schmaal, Lianne, Donnelly, Miranda R., Jeong, Jessica N., Wang, Zhizhuo, Abdullah, Aisha, Kim, Jun H., Hutton, Alexandre, Barisano, Giuseppe, Borich, Michael R., Boyd, Lara A., Brodtmann, Amy, Buetefisch, Cathrin M., Byblow, Winston D., Cassidy, Jessica M., Charalambous, Charalambos C., Ciullo, Valentina, Conforto, Adriana Bastos, Dacosta-Aguayo, Rosalia, DiCarlo, Julie A., Domin, Martin, Dula, Adrienne N., Egorova-Brumley, Natalia, Feng, Wuwei, Geranmayeh, Fatemeh, Gregory, Chris M., Hanlon, Colleen A., Hayward, Kathryn, Holguin, Jess A., Hordacre, Brenton, Jahanshad, Neda, Kautz, Steven A., Khlif, Mohamed Salah, Kim, Hosung, Kuceyeski, Amy, Lin, David J., Liu, Jingchun, Lotze, Martin, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Margetis, John L., Mataro, Maria, Mohamed, Feroze B., Olafson, Emily R., Park, Gilsoon, Piras, Fabrizio, Revill, Kate P., Roberts, Pamela, Robertson, Andrew D., Sanossian, Nerses, Schambra, Heidi M., Seo, Na Jin, Soekadar, Surjo R., Spalletta, Gianfranco, Stinear, Cathy M., Taga, Myriam, Tang, Wai Kwong, Thielman, Greg T., Vecchio, Daniela, Ward, Nick S., Westlye, Lars T., Winstein, Carolee J., Wittenberg, George F., Wolf, Steven L., Wong, Kristin A., Yu, Chunshui, Cramer, Steven C., and Thompson, Paul M.
Published: 2023

20. Biomarkers and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary disease in the ISCHEMIA Trials

Author: Newman, Jonathan D., Anthopolos, Rebecca, Ruggles, Kelly V., Cornwell, Macintosh, Reynolds, Harmony R., Bangalore, Sripal, Mavromatis, Kreton, Held, Claes, Wallentin, Lars, Kullo, Iftikar J., McManus, Bruce, Newby, L. Kristin K., Rosenberg, Yves, Hochman, Judith S., Maron, David J., Berger, Jeffrey S., Newman, Jonathan D., Anthopolos, Rebecca, Ruggles, Kelly V., Cornwell, Macintosh, Reynolds, Harmony R., Bangalore, Sripal, Mavromatis, Kreton, Held, Claes, Wallentin, Lars, Kullo, Iftikar J., McManus, Bruce, Newby, L. Kristin K., Rosenberg, Yves, Hochman, Judith S., Maron, David J., and Berger, Jeffrey S.
Abstract: Importance Biomarkers may improve prediction of cardiovascular events for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), but their importance in addition to clinical tests of inducible ischemia and CAD severity is unknown. Objectives To evaluate the prognostic value of multiple biomarkers in stable outpatients with obstructive CAD and moderate or severe inducible ischemia. Design and setting The ISCHEMIA and ISCHEMIA CKD trials randomized 5,956 participants with CAD to invasive or conservative management from July 2012 to January 2018; 1,064 participated in the biorepository. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. Secondary outcome was cardiovascular death or MI. Improvements in prediction were assessed by cause-specific hazard ratios (HR) and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for an interquartile increase in each biomarker, controlling for other biomarkers, in a base clinical model of risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and ischemia severity. Secondary analyses were performed among patients in whom core-lab confirmed severity of CAD was ascertained by computed cardiac tomographic angiography (CCTA). Exposures Baseline levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lipoprotein a (Lp[a]), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Cystatin C, soluble CD 40 ligand (sCD40L), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3). Results Among 757 biorepository participants, median (IQR) follow-up was 3 (2-5) years, age was 67 (61-72) years, and 144 (19%) were female; 508 had severity of CAD by CCTA available. In an adjusted multimarker model with hsTnT, GDF-15, NT-proBNP and sCD40L, the adjusted HR for the primary outcome per interquartile increase in e
Published: 2023
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21. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition.

Author: Palmer, Elizabeth, Palmer, Elizabeth, Pusch, Michael, Picollo, Alessandra, Forwood, Caitlin, Nguyen, Matthew, Suckow, Vanessa, Gibbons, Jessica, Hoff, Alva, Sigfrid, Lisa, Megarbane, Andre, Nizon, Mathilde, Cogné, Benjamin, Beneteau, Claire, Alkuraya, Fowzan, Chedrawi, Aziza, Hashem, Mais, Stamberger, Hannah, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Vanlander, Arnaud, Ceulemans, Berten, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, Nunn, Kenneth, Arpin, Stéphanie, Raynaud, Martine, Motter, Constance, Ward-Melver, Catherine, Janssens, Katrien, Meuwissen, Marije, Beysen, Diane, Dikow, Nicola, Grimmel, Mona, Haack, Tobias, Clement, Emma, McTague, Amy, Hunt, David, Townshend, Sharron, Ward, Michelle, Richards, Linda, Simons, Cas, Costain, Gregory, Dupuis, Lucie, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Boyle, Jackie, Saunders, Carol, Fleming, Emily, El Chehadeh, Salima, Spitz, Marie-Aude, Piton, Amelie, Gerard, Bénédicte, Abi Warde, Marie-Thérèse, Rea, Gillian, McKenna, Caoimhe, Douzgou, Sofia, Banka, Siddharth, Akman, Cigdem, Bain, Jennifer, Sands, Tristan, Wilson, Golder, Silvertooth, Erin, Miller, Lauren, Lederer, Damien, Sachdev, Rani, Macintosh, Rebecca, Monestier, Olivier, Karadurmus, Deniz, Collins, Felicity, Carter, Melissa, Rohena, Luis, Willemsen, Marjolein, Ockeloen, Charlotte, Pfundt, Rolph, Kroft, Sanne, Field, Michael, Laranjeira, Francisco, Fortuna, Ana, Soares, Ana, Michaud, Vincent, Naudion, Sophie, Golla, Sailaja, Weaver, David, Bird, Lynne, Friedman, Jennifer, Clowes, Virginia, Joss, Shelagh, Pölsler, Laura, Campeau, Philippe, Blazo, Maria, Bijlsma, Emilia, Rosenfeld, Jill, Beetz, Christian, Powis, Zöe, McWalter, Kirsty, Brandt, Tracy, Torti, Erin, Mathot, Mikaël, Mohammad, Shekeeb, Armstrong, Ruth, Kalscheuer, Vera, Palmer, Elizabeth, Palmer, Elizabeth, Pusch, Michael, Picollo, Alessandra, Forwood, Caitlin, Nguyen, Matthew, Suckow, Vanessa, Gibbons, Jessica, Hoff, Alva, Sigfrid, Lisa, Megarbane, Andre, Nizon, Mathilde, Cogné, Benjamin, Beneteau, Claire, Alkuraya, Fowzan, Chedrawi, Aziza, Hashem, Mais, Stamberger, Hannah, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Vanlander, Arnaud, Ceulemans, Berten, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, Nunn, Kenneth, Arpin, Stéphanie, Raynaud, Martine, Motter, Constance, Ward-Melver, Catherine, Janssens, Katrien, Meuwissen, Marije, Beysen, Diane, Dikow, Nicola, Grimmel, Mona, Haack, Tobias, Clement, Emma, McTague, Amy, Hunt, David, Townshend, Sharron, Ward, Michelle, Richards, Linda, Simons, Cas, Costain, Gregory, Dupuis, Lucie, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Boyle, Jackie, Saunders, Carol, Fleming, Emily, El Chehadeh, Salima, Spitz, Marie-Aude, Piton, Amelie, Gerard, Bénédicte, Abi Warde, Marie-Thérèse, Rea, Gillian, McKenna, Caoimhe, Douzgou, Sofia, Banka, Siddharth, Akman, Cigdem, Bain, Jennifer, Sands, Tristan, Wilson, Golder, Silvertooth, Erin, Miller, Lauren, Lederer, Damien, Sachdev, Rani, Macintosh, Rebecca, Monestier, Olivier, Karadurmus, Deniz, Collins, Felicity, Carter, Melissa, Rohena, Luis, Willemsen, Marjolein, Ockeloen, Charlotte, Pfundt, Rolph, Kroft, Sanne, Field, Michael, Laranjeira, Francisco, Fortuna, Ana, Soares, Ana, Michaud, Vincent, Naudion, Sophie, Golla, Sailaja, Weaver, David, Bird, Lynne, Friedman, Jennifer, Clowes, Virginia, Joss, Shelagh, Pölsler, Laura, Campeau, Philippe, Blazo, Maria, Bijlsma, Emilia, Rosenfeld, Jill, Beetz, Christian, Powis, Zöe, McWalter, Kirsty, Brandt, Tracy, Torti, Erin, Mathot, Mikaël, Mohammad, Shekeeb, Armstrong, Ruth, and Kalscheuer, Vera
Abstract: Missense and truncating variants in the X-chromosome-linked CLCN4 gene, resulting in reduced or complete loss-of-function (LOF) of the encoded chloride/proton exchanger ClC-4, were recently demonstrated to cause a neurocognitive phenotype in both males and females. Through international clinical matchmaking and interrogation of public variant databases we assembled a database of 90 rare CLCN4 missense variants in 90 families: 41 unique and 18 recurrent variants in 49 families. For 43 families, including 22 males and 33 females, we collated detailed clinical and segregation data. To confirm causality of variants and to obtain insight into disease mechanisms, we investigated the effect on electrophysiological properties of 59 of the variants in Xenopus oocytes using extended voltage and pH ranges. Detailed analyses revealed new pathophysiological mechanisms: 25% (15/59) of variants demonstrated LOF, characterized by a shift of the voltage-dependent activation to more positive voltages, and nine variants resulted in a toxic gain-of-function, associated with a disrupted gate allowing inward transport at negative voltages. Functional results were not always in line with in silico pathogenicity scores, highlighting the complexity of pathogenicity assessment for accurate genetic counselling. The complex neurocognitive and psychiatric manifestations of this condition, and hitherto under-recognized impacts on growth, gastrointestinal function, and motor control are discussed. Including published cases, we summarize features in 122 individuals from 67 families with CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition and suggest future research directions with the aim of improving the integrated care for individuals with this diagnosis.
Published: 2023

22. Mapping Medea : Revolutions & Transfers 1750-1800

Author: Albrektson, Anna, Macintosh, Fiona, Albrektson, Anna, and Macintosh, Fiona
Abstract: The late eighteenth century witnessed multiple Medeas on the stages of Europe, in the Americas, and across the Russian empire, both to the east and to the south. Performances took place in Moscow and São Paulo, in London and Lisbon, in Gotha, Stuttgart, and Venice. This volume examines the reasons why Medea attracted the attention of authors, audiences, actresses, and rulers in Europe and its colonies during the pivotal period 1750 to 1800, and to what effects. As migrant and iconoclast Medea crosses a number of eighteenth-century borders: linguistic, cultural, national, temporal, spatial, aesthetic, ethical, and generic. Moreover, the fact that late eighteenth-century playwrights, poets, composers, and choreographers all turned to one of the most problematic characters of Graeco-Roman antiquity offers a unique opportunity to examine the remarkable flexibility of the reception process itself. By studying the figure of Medea within the revolutionary context of the late eighteenth century, it is possible to explore the negotiations between court culture and the emergent metropolitan cultural centres, as well as the role of antiquity in national, imperial, and colonial politics at this time.
Published: 2023
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23. Mapping Medea : Revolutions and Transfers 1750-1800

Author: Albrektson, Anna, Macintosh, Fiona, Albrektson, Anna, and Macintosh, Fiona
Abstract: This introductory chapter outlines the overall aims of the volume and its theoretical perspectives and provides analysis of the ancient sources. It begins with an overview of Medea at the hands of colonial Europe and a discussion of the close (and often deliberate) parallels between Medea and the hugely popular Inkle and Yarico story, first published in The Spectator in 1711 and then subsequently regularly reworked in multiple media throughout the century. The middle section delineates the 1750–1800 focus and the significance of the synchronic approach at a moment of revolutionary change that precipitated the migration of ideas and people across borders, despite or even because of emergent geopolitical boundaries. It concludes with an outline of the volume’s bi-part structure: encompassing the context of expanding empires of the late eighteenth century in the first section to aesthetic transgression and innovation in the second.
Published: 2023
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24. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition.

Author: Palmer, E.E., Pusch, M., Picollo, A., Forwood, C., Nguyen, M.H., Suckow, V., Gibbons, J., Hoff, A., Sigfrid, L., Megarbane, A., Nizon, M., Cogné, B., Beneteau, C., Alkuraya, F.S., Chedrawi, A., Hashem, M.O., Stamberger, H., Weckhuysen, S., Vanlander, A., Ceulemans, B., Rajagopalan, S., Nunn, K., Arpin, S., Raynaud, M., Motter, C.S., Ward-Melver, C., Janssens, K., Meuwissen, M., Beysen, D., Dikow, N., Grimmel, M., Haack, T.B., Clement, E., McTague, A., Hunt, D., Townshend, S., Ward, M., Richards, L.J., Simons, C., Costain, G., Dupuis, L., Mendoza-Londono, R., Dudding-Byth, T., Boyle, J., Saunders, C., Fleming, E., Chehadeh, S. El, Spitz, M.A., Piton, A., Gerard, B., bi Warde, M.T. A, Rea, G., McKenna, C., Douzgou, S., Banka, S., Akman, C., Bain, J.M., Sands, T.T., Wilson, G.N., Silvertooth, E.J., Miller, L., Lederer, D., Sachdev, R., Macintosh, R., Monestier, O., Karadurmus, D., Collins, F., Carter, M., Rohena, L., Willemsen, M.H., Ockeloen, C.W., Pfundt, R.P., Kroft, S.D., Field, M., Laranjeira, F.E.R., Fortuna, A.M., Soares, A.R., Michaud, V., Naudion, S., Golla, S., Weaver, D.D., Bird, L.M., Friedman, J., Clowes, V., Joss, S., Pölsler, L., Campeau, P.M., Blazo, M., Bijlsma, E.K., Rosenfeld, J.A., Beetz, C., Powis, Z., McWalter, K., Brandt, T., Torti, E., Mathot, M., Mohammad, S.S., Armstrong, R., Kalscheuer, V.M., Palmer, E.E., Pusch, M., Picollo, A., Forwood, C., Nguyen, M.H., Suckow, V., Gibbons, J., Hoff, A., Sigfrid, L., Megarbane, A., Nizon, M., Cogné, B., Beneteau, C., Alkuraya, F.S., Chedrawi, A., Hashem, M.O., Stamberger, H., Weckhuysen, S., Vanlander, A., Ceulemans, B., Rajagopalan, S., Nunn, K., Arpin, S., Raynaud, M., Motter, C.S., Ward-Melver, C., Janssens, K., Meuwissen, M., Beysen, D., Dikow, N., Grimmel, M., Haack, T.B., Clement, E., McTague, A., Hunt, D., Townshend, S., Ward, M., Richards, L.J., Simons, C., Costain, G., Dupuis, L., Mendoza-Londono, R., Dudding-Byth, T., Boyle, J., Saunders, C., Fleming, E., Chehadeh, S. El, Spitz, M.A., Piton, A., Gerard, B., bi Warde, M.T. A, Rea, G., McKenna, C., Douzgou, S., Banka, S., Akman, C., Bain, J.M., Sands, T.T., Wilson, G.N., Silvertooth, E.J., Miller, L., Lederer, D., Sachdev, R., Macintosh, R., Monestier, O., Karadurmus, D., Collins, F., Carter, M., Rohena, L., Willemsen, M.H., Ockeloen, C.W., Pfundt, R.P., Kroft, S.D., Field, M., Laranjeira, F.E.R., Fortuna, A.M., Soares, A.R., Michaud, V., Naudion, S., Golla, S., Weaver, D.D., Bird, L.M., Friedman, J., Clowes, V., Joss, S., Pölsler, L., Campeau, P.M., Blazo, M., Bijlsma, E.K., Rosenfeld, J.A., Beetz, C., Powis, Z., McWalter, K., Brandt, T., Torti, E., Mathot, M., Mohammad, S.S., Armstrong, R., and Kalscheuer, V.M.
Abstract: 01 februari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, Missense and truncating variants in the X-chromosome-linked CLCN4 gene, resulting in reduced or complete loss-of-function (LOF) of the encoded chloride/proton exchanger ClC-4, were recently demonstrated to cause a neurocognitive phenotype in both males and females. Through international clinical matchmaking and interrogation of public variant databases we assembled a database of 90 rare CLCN4 missense variants in 90 families: 41 unique and 18 recurrent variants in 49 families. For 43 families, including 22 males and 33 females, we collated detailed clinical and segregation data. To confirm causality of variants and to obtain insight into disease mechanisms, we investigated the effect on electrophysiological properties of 59 of the variants in Xenopus oocytes using extended voltage and pH ranges. Detailed analyses revealed new pathophysiological mechanisms: 25% (15/59) of variants demonstrated LOF, characterized by a "shift" of the voltage-dependent activation to more positive voltages, and nine variants resulted in a toxic gain-of-function, associated with a disrupted gate allowing inward transport at negative voltages. Functional results were not always in line with in silico pathogenicity scores, highlighting the complexity of pathogenicity assessment for accurate genetic counselling. The complex neurocognitive and psychiatric manifestations of this condition, and hitherto under-recognized impacts on growth, gastrointestinal function, and motor control are discussed. Including published cases, we summarize features in 122 individuals from 67 families with CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition and suggest future research directions with the aim of improving the integrated care for individuals with this diagnosis.
Published: 2023

25. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease-advances since 2013.

Author: Duering, M., Biessels, G.J., Brodtmann, A., Chen, C, Cordonnier, C., Leeuw, F.E. de, Debette, S., Frayne, R., Jouvent, E., Rost, N.S., Telgte, A. ter, Al-Shahi Salman, R., Backes, W.H., Bae, H.J., Brown, R., Chabriat, H., Luca, A. De, DeCarli, C., Dewenter, A., Doubal, F.N., Ewers, M., Field, T.S., Ganesh, A., Greenberg, S., Helmer, K.G., Hilal, S., Jochems, A.C.C., Jokinen, H., Kuijf, H., Lam, B.Y.K., Lebenberg, J., MacIntosh, B.J., Maillard, P., Mok, V.C.T., Pantoni, L., Rudilosso, S., Satizabal, C.L., Schirmer, M.D., Schmidt, R., Smith, C., Staals, J., Thrippleton, M.J., Veluw, S.J. van, Vemuri, P., Wang, Yilong, Werring, D., Zedde, M., Akinyemi, R.O., Brutto, O.H. Del, Markus, H.S., Zhu, Y.C., Smith, E.E., Dichgans, M., Wardlaw, J.M., Duering, M., Biessels, G.J., Brodtmann, A., Chen, C, Cordonnier, C., Leeuw, F.E. de, Debette, S., Frayne, R., Jouvent, E., Rost, N.S., Telgte, A. ter, Al-Shahi Salman, R., Backes, W.H., Bae, H.J., Brown, R., Chabriat, H., Luca, A. De, DeCarli, C., Dewenter, A., Doubal, F.N., Ewers, M., Field, T.S., Ganesh, A., Greenberg, S., Helmer, K.G., Hilal, S., Jochems, A.C.C., Jokinen, H., Kuijf, H., Lam, B.Y.K., Lebenberg, J., MacIntosh, B.J., Maillard, P., Mok, V.C.T., Pantoni, L., Rudilosso, S., Satizabal, C.L., Schirmer, M.D., Schmidt, R., Smith, C., Staals, J., Thrippleton, M.J., Veluw, S.J. van, Vemuri, P., Wang, Yilong, Werring, D., Zedde, M., Akinyemi, R.O., Brutto, O.H. Del, Markus, H.S., Zhu, Y.C., Smith, E.E., Dichgans, M., and Wardlaw, J.M.
Abstract: 01 juli 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common during ageing and can present as stroke, cognitive decline, neurobehavioural symptoms, or functional impairment. SVD frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disease, and can exacerbate cognitive and other symptoms and affect activities of daily living. Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 1 (STRIVE-1) categorised and standardised the diverse features of SVD that are visible on structural MRI. Since then, new information on these established SVD markers and novel MRI sequences and imaging features have emerged. As the effect of combined SVD imaging features becomes clearer, a key role for quantitative imaging biomarkers to determine sub-visible tissue damage, subtle abnormalities visible at high-field strength MRI, and lesion-symptom patterns, is also apparent. Together with rapidly emerging machine learning methods, these metrics can more comprehensively capture the effect of SVD on the brain than the structural MRI features alone and serve as intermediary outcomes in clinical trials and future routine practice. Using a similar approach to that adopted in STRIVE-1, we updated the guidance on neuroimaging of vascular changes in studies of ageing and neurodegeneration to create STRIVE-2.
Published: 2023

26. Associations between Plasma Lipid Mediators and Chronic Daily Headache Outcomes in Patients Randomized to a Low Linoleic Acid Diet with or without Added Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Author: Shen, Qing, Shen, Qing, Yang, Jun, Zamora, Daisy, Horowitz, Mark, Faurot, Keturah R, MacIntosh, Beth A, Mann, J Douglas, Hammock, Bruce D, Ramsden, Christopher E, Taha, Ameer Y, Shen, Qing, Shen, Qing, Yang, Jun, Zamora, Daisy, Horowitz, Mark, Faurot, Keturah R, MacIntosh, Beth A, Mann, J Douglas, Hammock, Bruce D, Ramsden, Christopher E, and Taha, Ameer Y
Abstract: A previous report showed that 12-week lowering of dietary omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) coupled with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake (H3-L6 diet) reduced headache frequency and improved quality of life in patients with chronic daily headaches (CDHs) compared to dietary LA reduction alone (L6 diet). The trial also showed that targeted dietary manipulation alters PUFA-derived lipid mediators and endocannabinoids. However, several additional classes of lipid mediators associated with pain in preclinical models were not measured. The current secondary analysis investigated whether the clinical benefits of the H3-L6 diet were related to changes in plasma unesterified PUFA-derived lipid mediators known to be involved in nociception, including prostanoids. Lipid mediators were measured by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. Compared to baseline, dietary LA lowering with or without added omega-3 fatty acids did not alter unesterified n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators, although several species derived from LA, di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were positively associated with headache frequency and intensity, as well as mental health burden. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-derived metabolites were also associated with increased headache frequency and intensity, although they did not change from the baseline in either dietary group. Compared to baseline, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived epoxides were more elevated in the H3-L6 group compared to the L6 group. Diet-induced elevations in plasma DHA-epoxides were associated with reduced headache frequency, better physical and mental health, and improved quality of life (p < 0.05). Prostanoids were not detected, except for PGF2-alpha, which was not associated with any outcomes. This study demonstrates that diet-induced changes in DHA-epoxides were associated with pain reduction in patients with chronic headaches, whereas n-6 PUFA and ALA metabolite
Published: 2023

27. Multiple Casualty Simulation Scenario Secondary to Natural Disaster at a Music Festival

Author: Gue, Shayne, Gue, Shayne, McGillicuddy, Casey, Pell, Robert, Cohen, Stephanie, Bobbett, Andrew, Vera, Ariel, MacIntosh, Tracy, Ganti, Latha, Gue, Shayne, Gue, Shayne, McGillicuddy, Casey, Pell, Robert, Cohen, Stephanie, Bobbett, Andrew, Vera, Ariel, MacIntosh, Tracy, and Ganti, Latha
Published: 2023

28. Disgust in animals and the application of disease avoidance to wildlife management and conservation

Author: Sarabian, Cécile, Wilkinson, Anna, Sigaud, Marie, Kano, Fumihiro, Tobajas, Jorge, Darmaillacq, Anne‐Sophie, Kalema‐Zikusoka, Gladys, Plotnik, Joshua M., MacIntosh, Andrew J. J., Sarabian, Cécile, Wilkinson, Anna, Sigaud, Marie, Kano, Fumihiro, Tobajas, Jorge, Darmaillacq, Anne‐Sophie, Kalema‐Zikusoka, Gladys, Plotnik, Joshua M., and MacIntosh, Andrew J. J.
Abstract: 1. Disgust is an adaptive system hypothesized to have evolved to reduce the risk of becoming sick. It is associated with behavioural, cognitive and physiological responses tuned to allow animals to avoid and/or get rid of parasites, pathogens and toxins. 2. Little is known about the mechanisms and outcomes of disease avoidance in wild animals. Furthermore, given the escalation of negative human-wildlife interactions, the translation of such knowledge into the design of evolutionarily relevant conservation and wildlife management strategies is becoming urgent. 3. Contemporary methods in animal ecology and related fields, using direct (sensory cues) or indirect (remote sensing technologies and machine learning) means, provide a flexible toolbox for testing and applying disgust at individual and collective levels. 4. In this review/perspective paper, we provide an empirical framework for testing the adaptive function of disgust and its associated disease avoidance behaviours across species, from the least to the most social, in different habitats. We predict various trade-offs to be at play depending on the social system and ecology of the species. 5. We propose five contexts in which disgust-related avoidance behaviours could be applied, including endangered species rehabilitation, invasive species, crop-raiding, urban pests and animal tourism. 6. We highlight some of the perspectives and current challenges of testing disgust in the wild. In particular, we recommend future studies to consider together disease, predation and competition risks. We discuss the ethics associated with disgust experiments in the above contexts. Finally, we promote the creation of a database gathering disease avoidance evidence in animals and its applications.
Published: 2023

29. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition

Author: Palmer, Elizabeth E., Pusch, Michael, Picollo, Alessandra, Forwood, Caitlin, Nguyen, Matthew H., Suckow, Vanessa, Gibbons, Jessica, Hoff, Alva, Sigfrid, Lisa, Megarbane, Andre, Nizon, Mathilde, Cogne, Benjamin, Beneteau, Claire, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., Chedrawi, Aziza, Hashem, Mais O., Stamberger, Hannah, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Vanlander, Arnaud, Ceulemans, Berten, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, Nunn, Kenneth, Arpin, Stephanie, Raynaud, Martine, Motter, Constance S., Ward-Melver, Catherine, Janssens, Katrien, Meuwissen, Marije, Beysen, Diane, Dikow, Nicola, Grimmel, Mona, Haack, Tobias B., Clement, Emma, McTague, Amy, Hunt, David, Townshend, Sharron, Ward, Michelle, Richards, Linda J., Simons, Cas, Costain, Gregory, Dupuis, Lucie, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Boyle, Jackie, Saunders, Carol, Fleming, Emily, El Chehadeh, Salima, Spitz, Marie-Aude, Piton, Amelie, Gerard, Benedicte, Warde, Marie-Therese Abi, Rea, Gillian, McKenna, Caoimhe, Douzgou, Sofia, Banka, Siddharth, Akman, Cigdem, Bain, Jennifer M., Sands, Tristan T., Wilson, Golder N., Silvertooth, Erin J., Miller, Lauren, Lederer, Damien, Sachdev, Rani, Macintosh, Rebecca, Monestier, Olivier, Karadurmus, Deniz, Collins, Felicity, Carter, Melissa, Rohena, Luis, Willemsen, Marjolein H., Ockeloen, Charlotte W., Pfundt, Rolph, Kroft, Sanne D., Field, Michael, Laranjeira, Francisco E. R., Fortuna, Ana M., Soares, Ana R., Michaud, Vincent, Naudion, Sophie, Golla, Sailaja, Weaver, David D., Bird, Lynne M., Friedman, Jennifer, Clowes, Virginia, Joss, Shelagh, Polsler, Laura, Campeau, Philippe M., Blazo, Maria, Bijlsma, Emilia K., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Beetz, Christian, Powis, Zoe, McWalter, Kirsty, Brandt, Tracy, Torti, Erin, Mathot, Mikael, Mohammad, Shekeeb S., Armstrong, Ruth, Kalscheuer, Vera M., Palmer, Elizabeth E., Pusch, Michael, Picollo, Alessandra, Forwood, Caitlin, Nguyen, Matthew H., Suckow, Vanessa, Gibbons, Jessica, Hoff, Alva, Sigfrid, Lisa, Megarbane, Andre, Nizon, Mathilde, Cogne, Benjamin, Beneteau, Claire, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., Chedrawi, Aziza, Hashem, Mais O., Stamberger, Hannah, Weckhuysen, Sarah, Vanlander, Arnaud, Ceulemans, Berten, Rajagopalan, Sulekha, Nunn, Kenneth, Arpin, Stephanie, Raynaud, Martine, Motter, Constance S., Ward-Melver, Catherine, Janssens, Katrien, Meuwissen, Marije, Beysen, Diane, Dikow, Nicola, Grimmel, Mona, Haack, Tobias B., Clement, Emma, McTague, Amy, Hunt, David, Townshend, Sharron, Ward, Michelle, Richards, Linda J., Simons, Cas, Costain, Gregory, Dupuis, Lucie, Mendoza-Londono, Roberto, Dudding-Byth, Tracy, Boyle, Jackie, Saunders, Carol, Fleming, Emily, El Chehadeh, Salima, Spitz, Marie-Aude, Piton, Amelie, Gerard, Benedicte, Warde, Marie-Therese Abi, Rea, Gillian, McKenna, Caoimhe, Douzgou, Sofia, Banka, Siddharth, Akman, Cigdem, Bain, Jennifer M., Sands, Tristan T., Wilson, Golder N., Silvertooth, Erin J., Miller, Lauren, Lederer, Damien, Sachdev, Rani, Macintosh, Rebecca, Monestier, Olivier, Karadurmus, Deniz, Collins, Felicity, Carter, Melissa, Rohena, Luis, Willemsen, Marjolein H., Ockeloen, Charlotte W., Pfundt, Rolph, Kroft, Sanne D., Field, Michael, Laranjeira, Francisco E. R., Fortuna, Ana M., Soares, Ana R., Michaud, Vincent, Naudion, Sophie, Golla, Sailaja, Weaver, David D., Bird, Lynne M., Friedman, Jennifer, Clowes, Virginia, Joss, Shelagh, Polsler, Laura, Campeau, Philippe M., Blazo, Maria, Bijlsma, Emilia K., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Beetz, Christian, Powis, Zoe, McWalter, Kirsty, Brandt, Tracy, Torti, Erin, Mathot, Mikael, Mohammad, Shekeeb S., Armstrong, Ruth, and Kalscheuer, Vera M.
Abstract: Missense and truncating variants in the X-chromosome-linked CLCN4 gene, resulting in reduced or complete loss-of-function (LOF) of the encoded chloride/proton exchanger ClC-4, were recently demonstrated to cause a neurocognitive phenotype in both males and females. Through international clinical matchmaking and interrogation of public variant databases we assembled a database of 90 rare CLCN4 missense variants in 90 families: 41 unique and 18 recurrent variants in 49 families. For 43 families, including 22 males and 33 females, we collated detailed clinical and segregation data. To confirm causality of variants and to obtain insight into disease mechanisms, we investigated the effect on electrophysiological properties of 59 of the variants in Xenopus oocytes using extended voltage and pH ranges. Detailed analyses revealed new pathophysiological mechanisms: 25% (15/59) of variants demonstrated LOF, characterized by a "shift" of the voltage-dependent activation to more positive voltages, and nine variants resulted in a toxic gain-of-function, associated with a disrupted gate allowing inward transport at negative voltages. Functional results were not always in line with in silico pathogenicity scores, highlighting the complexity of pathogenicity assessment for accurate genetic counselling. The complex neurocognitive and psychiatric manifestations of this condition, and hitherto under-recognized impacts on growth, gastrointestinal function, and motor control are discussed. Including published cases, we summarize features in 122 individuals from 67 families with CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition and suggest future research directions with the aim of improving the integrated care for individuals with this diagnosis., Funding Agencies|Fondazione AIRC per la Ricerca sul Cancro [IG 21558]; Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR) [PRIN 20174TB8KW]; FWO [1861419N]; Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [418081722, 433158657]; CPA grant [PG01217]; NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship [GNT1120615]; BICARE, Australia; King Salman Center for Disability Research [RG-2022-010, RG-2022-011]; MRC [MR/T007087/1]; GOSH Charity [VS0122]; Rosetrees Trust [CF2\100018]; NHMRC Investigator Grant [GNT20081]; Projekt DEAL; NIHR GOSH BRC
Published: 2023
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30. Recovering simulated planet and disk signals using SCALES aperture masking

Author: Lach, Mackenzie, Sallum, Steph, Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zackery, Desai, Aditi, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, de Kleer, Katherine, Liu, Michael, Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel, Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, de Pater, Imke, Powell, Diana, Sheehan, Patrick, Skemer, Andrew, Spilker, Justin, Stelter, Deno, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Wagner, Kevin, Zhou, Yifan, Lach, Mackenzie, Sallum, Steph, Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zackery, Desai, Aditi, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, de Kleer, Katherine, Liu, Michael, Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel, Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, de Pater, Imke, Powell, Diana, Sheehan, Patrick, Skemer, Andrew, Spilker, Justin, Stelter, Deno, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Wagner, Kevin, and Zhou, Yifan
Abstract: The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES) instrument is a lenslet-based integral field spectrograph that will operate at 2 to 5 microns, imaging and characterizing colder (and thus older) planets than current high-contrast instruments. Its spatial resolution for distant science targets and/or close-in disks and companions could be improved via interferometric techniques such as sparse aperture masking. We introduce a nascent Python package, NRM-artist, that we use to design several SCALES masks to be non-redundant and to have uniform coverage in Fourier space. We generate high-fidelity mock SCALES data using the scalessim package for SCALES' low spectral resolution modes across its 2 to 5 micron bandpass. We include realistic noise from astrophysical and instrument sources, including Keck adaptive optics and Poisson noise. We inject planet and disk signals into the mock datasets and subsequently recover them to test the performance of SCALES sparse aperture masking and to determine the sensitivity of various mask designs to different science signals.
Published: 2023
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31. The \textit{JWST} Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems III: Aperture Masking Interferometric Observations of the star HIP\,65426 at $\boldsymbol{3.8\,\rm{\mu m}}$

Author: Ray, Shrishmoy, Sallum, Steph, Hinkley, Sasha, Sivamarakrishnan, Anand, Cooper, Rachel, Kammerer, Jens, Greebaum, Alexandra Z., Thatte, Deepashri, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Tokovinin, Andrei, de Furio, Matthew, Factor, Samuel, Meyer, Michael, Stone, Jordan M., Carter, Aarynn, Biller, Beth, Skemer, Andrew, Suarez, Genaro, Leisenring, Jarron M., Perrin, Marshall D., Kraus, Adam L., Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Bonnefoy, Mickael, Bryan, Marta L., Betti, Sarah K., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Cantalloube, Faustine, Chauvin, Gael, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, Dupuy, Trent J., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Chen, Christine H., Calissendorff, Per, Choquet, Elodie, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Gonzales, Eileen C., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Janson, Markus, Kalas, Paul, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lawson, Kellen, Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Lueber, Anna, Macintosh, Bruce, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastian, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Brenda C., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Miles, Brittany E., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Molliere, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Morley, Caroline V., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Pantin, Eric, Patapis, Polychronis, Petrus, Simon, Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, B. A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Schneider, Glenn, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Sutlieff, Ben J., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vigan, Arthur, Vasist, Malavika, Vos, Johanna M., Wagner, Kevin, Wang, Jason J., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Whiteford, Niall, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhang, Zhoujian, Zhou, Yifan, Ray, Shrishmoy, Sallum, Steph, Hinkley, Sasha, Sivamarakrishnan, Anand, Cooper, Rachel, Kammerer, Jens, Greebaum, Alexandra Z., Thatte, Deepashri, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Tokovinin, Andrei, de Furio, Matthew, Factor, Samuel, Meyer, Michael, Stone, Jordan M., Carter, Aarynn, Biller, Beth, Skemer, Andrew, Suarez, Genaro, Leisenring, Jarron M., Perrin, Marshall D., Kraus, Adam L., Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Bonnefoy, Mickael, Bryan, Marta L., Betti, Sarah K., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Cantalloube, Faustine, Chauvin, Gael, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, Dupuy, Trent J., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Chen, Christine H., Calissendorff, Per, Choquet, Elodie, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Gonzales, Eileen C., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Janson, Markus, Kalas, Paul, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lawson, Kellen, Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Lueber, Anna, Macintosh, Bruce, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastian, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Brenda C., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Miles, Brittany E., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Molliere, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Morley, Caroline V., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Pantin, Eric, Patapis, Polychronis, Petrus, Simon, Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, B. A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Schneider, Glenn, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Sutlieff, Ben J., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vigan, Arthur, Vasist, Malavika, Vos, Johanna M., Wagner, Kevin, Wang, Jason J., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Whiteford, Niall, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhang, Zhoujian, and Zhou, Yifan
Abstract: We present aperture masking interferometry (AMI) observations of the star HIP 65426 at $3.8\,\rm{\mu m}$ as a part of the \textit{JWST} Direct Imaging Early Release Science (ERS) program obtained using the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) instrument. This mode provides access to very small inner working angles (even separations slightly below the Michelson limit of ${}0.5\lambda/D$ for an interferometer), which are inaccessible with the classical inner working angles of the \textit{JWST} coronagraphs. When combined with \textit{JWST}'s unprecedented infrared sensitivity, this mode has the potential to probe a new portion of parameter space across a wide array of astronomical observations. Using this mode, we are able to achieve a contrast of $\Delta m_{F380M}{\sim }7.8$\,mag relative to the host star at a separation of ${\sim}0.07\arcsec$ but detect no additional companions interior to the known companion HIP\,65426\,b. Our observations thus rule out companions more massive than $10{-}12\,\rm{M\textsubscript{Jup}}$ at separations ${\sim}10{-}20\,\rm{au}$ from HIP\,65426, a region out of reach of ground or space-based coronagraphic imaging. These observations confirm that the AMI mode on \textit{JWST} is sensitive to planetary mass companions orbiting at the water frost line, even for more distant stars at $\sim$100\,pc. This result will allow the planning and successful execution of future observations to probe the inner regions of nearby stellar systems, opening essentially unexplored parameter space., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ Letters
Published: 2023

32. Simulating medium-spectral-resolution exoplanet characterization with SCALES angular/reference differential imaging

Author: Desai, Aditi, Sallum, Stephanie E., Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Batalha, Natasha, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zack, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, Lach, Mackenzie, Liu, Mike, Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, Powell, Diana, Sheehan, Patrick, Skemer, Andrew J., Spilker, Justin, Stelter, R. Deno, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Wagner, Kevin, Zhou, Yifan, Desai, Aditi, Sallum, Stephanie E., Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Batalha, Natasha, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zack, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, Lach, Mackenzie, Liu, Mike, Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, Powell, Diana, Sheehan, Patrick, Skemer, Andrew J., Spilker, Justin, Stelter, R. Deno, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Wagner, Kevin, and Zhou, Yifan
Abstract: SCALES (Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy) is a 2 - 5 micron high-contrast lenslet-based integral field spectrograph (IFS) designed to characterize exoplanets and their atmospheres. The SCALES medium-spectral-resolution mode uses a lenslet subarray with a 0.34 x 0.36 arcsecond field of view which allows for exoplanet characterization at increased spectral resolution. We explore the sensitivity limitations of this mode by simulating planet detections in the presence of realistic noise sources. We use the SCALES simulator scalessim to generate high-fidelity mock observations of planets that include speckle noise from their host stars, as well as other atmospheric and instrumental noise effects. We employ both angular and reference differential imaging as methods of disentangling speckle noise from the injected planet signals. These simulations allow us to assess the feasibility of speckle deconvolution for SCALES medium resolution data, and to test whether one approach outperforms another based on planet angular separations and contrasts.
Published: 2023

33. The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems IV: NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry Performance and Lessons Learned

Author: Sallum, Steph, Ray, Shrishmoy, Kammerer, Jens, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Cooper, Rachel, Greebaum, Alexandra Z., Thatte, Deepashri, de Furio, Matthew, Factor, Samuel, Meyer, Michael, Stone, Jordan M., Carter, Aarynn, Biller, Beth, Hinkley, Sasha, Skemer, Andrew, Suarez, Genaro, Leisenring, Jarron M., Perrin, Marshall D., Kraus, Adam L., Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Bonnefoy, Mickael, Bryan, Marta L., Betti, Sarah K., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Cantalloube, Faustine, Chauvin, Gael, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, Dupuy, Trent J., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Chen, Christine H., Calissendorff, Per, Choquet, Elodie, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Gonzales, Eileen C., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Janson, Markus, Kalas, Paul, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lawson, Kellen, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Lueber, Anna, Macintosh, Bruce, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastian, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Brenda C., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Miles, Brittany E., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Molliere, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Morley, Caroline V., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Pantin, Eric, Patapis, Polychronis, Petrus, Simon, Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, B. A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Schneider, Glenn, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Sutlieff, Ben J., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vigan, Arthur, Vasist, Malavika, Vos, Johanna M., Wagner, Kevin, Wang, Jason J., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Whiteford, Niall, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhang, Zhoujian, Zhou, Yifan, Zurlo, Alice, Sallum, Steph, Ray, Shrishmoy, Kammerer, Jens, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Cooper, Rachel, Greebaum, Alexandra Z., Thatte, Deepashri, de Furio, Matthew, Factor, Samuel, Meyer, Michael, Stone, Jordan M., Carter, Aarynn, Biller, Beth, Hinkley, Sasha, Skemer, Andrew, Suarez, Genaro, Leisenring, Jarron M., Perrin, Marshall D., Kraus, Adam L., Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Bonnefoy, Mickael, Bryan, Marta L., Betti, Sarah K., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Cantalloube, Faustine, Chauvin, Gael, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, Dupuy, Trent J., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Chen, Christine H., Calissendorff, Per, Choquet, Elodie, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Gonzales, Eileen C., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Janson, Markus, Kalas, Paul, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lawson, Kellen, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Lueber, Anna, Macintosh, Bruce, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastian, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Brenda C., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Miles, Brittany E., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Molliere, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Morley, Caroline V., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Pantin, Eric, Patapis, Polychronis, Petrus, Simon, Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, B. A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Schneider, Glenn, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Sutlieff, Ben J., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vigan, Arthur, Vasist, Malavika, Vos, Johanna M., Wagner, Kevin, Wang, Jason J., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Whiteford, Niall, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhang, Zhoujian, Zhou, Yifan, and Zurlo, Alice
Abstract: We present a performance analysis for the aperture masking interferometry (AMI) mode on board the James Webb Space Telescope Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (JWST/NIRISS). Thanks to self-calibrating observables, AMI accesses inner working angles down to and even within the classical diffraction limit. The scientific potential of this mode has recently been demonstrated by the Early Release Science (ERS) 1386 program with a deep search for close-in companions in the HIP 65426 exoplanetary system. As part of ERS 1386, we use the same data set to explore the random, static, and calibration errors of NIRISS AMI observables. We compare the observed noise properties and achievable contrast to theoretical predictions. We explore possible sources of calibration errors and show that differences in charge migration between the observations of HIP 65426 and point-spread function calibration stars can account for the achieved contrast curves. Lastly, we use self-calibration tests to demonstrate that with adequate calibration NIRISS F380M AMI can reach contrast levels of $\sim9-10$ mag at $\gtrsim \lambda/D$. These tests lead us to observation planning recommendations and strongly motivate future studies aimed at producing sophisticated calibration strategies taking these systematic effects into account. This will unlock the unprecedented capabilities of JWST/NIRISS AMI, with sensitivity to significantly colder, lower-mass exoplanets than lower-contrast ground-based AMI setups, at orbital separations inaccessible to JWST coronagraphy., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, accepted to Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published: 2023

34. The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES): driving science cases and expected outcomes

Author: Sallum, Steph, Skemer, Andrew, Stelter, Deno, Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Batalha, Natasha, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zack, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Desai, Aditi, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, Kupke, Renate, Lach, Mackenzie, Liu, Michael C., Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, Powell, Diana, Sethuram, Ramya, Sheehan, Patrick, Spilker, Justin, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Unni, Athira, Wagner, Kevin, Zhou, Yifan, Sallum, Steph, Skemer, Andrew, Stelter, Deno, Banyal, Ravinder, Batalha, Natalie, Batalha, Natasha, Blake, Geoff, Brandt, Tim, Briesemeister, Zack, de Kleer, Katherine, de Pater, Imke, Desai, Aditi, Eisner, Josh, Fong, Wen-fai, Greene, Tom, Honda, Mitsuhiko, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Kain, Isabel, Kilpatrick, Charlie, Kupke, Renate, Lach, Mackenzie, Liu, Michael C., Macintosh, Bruce, Martinez, Raquel A., Mawet, Dimitri, Miles, Brittany, Morley, Caroline, Powell, Diana, Sethuram, Ramya, Sheehan, Patrick, Spilker, Justin, Stone, Jordan, Surya, Arun, Thirupathi, Sivarani, Unni, Athira, Wagner, Kevin, and Zhou, Yifan
Abstract: The Slicer Combined with Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy (SCALES) is a $2-5~\mu$m, high-contrast integral field spectrograph (IFS) currently being built for Keck Observatory. With both low ($R\lesssim250$) and medium ($R\sim3500-7000$) spectral resolution IFS modes, SCALES will detect and characterize significantly colder exoplanets than those accessible with near-infrared ($\sim1-2~\mu$m) high-contrast spectrographs. This will lead to new progress in exoplanet atmospheric studies, including detailed characterization of benchmark systems that will advance the state of the art of atmospheric modeling. SCALES' unique modes, while designed specifically for direct exoplanet characterization, will enable a broader range of novel (exo)planetary observations as well as galactic and extragalactic studies. Here we present the science cases that drive the design of SCALES. We describe an end-to-end instrument simulator that we use to track requirements, and show simulations of expected science yields for each driving science case. We conclude with a discussion of preparations for early science when the instrument sees first light in $\sim2025$., Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Proceedings of the SPIE
Published: 2023

35. GPI 2.0: Performance Evaluation of the Wavefront Sensor's EMCCD

Author: Ó, Clarissa R. Do, Perera, Saavidra, Maire, Jérôme, Nguyen, Jayke S., Chambouleyron, Vincent, Konopacky, Quinn M., Chilcote, Jeffrey, Fitzsimmons, Joeleff, Hamper, Randall, Kerley, Dan, Macintosh, Bruce, Marois, Christian, Rantakyrö, Fredrik, Savranksy, Dmitry, Veran, Jean-Pierre, Agapito, Guido, Ammons, S. Mark, Bonaglia, Marco, Boucher, Marc-Andre, Dunn, Jennifer, Esposito, Simone, Filion, Guillaume, Landry, Jean Thomas, Lardiere, Olivier, Li, Duan, Madurowicz, Alex, Peng, Dillon, Poyneer, Lisa, Spalding, Eckhart, Ó, Clarissa R. Do, Perera, Saavidra, Maire, Jérôme, Nguyen, Jayke S., Chambouleyron, Vincent, Konopacky, Quinn M., Chilcote, Jeffrey, Fitzsimmons, Joeleff, Hamper, Randall, Kerley, Dan, Macintosh, Bruce, Marois, Christian, Rantakyrö, Fredrik, Savranksy, Dmitry, Veran, Jean-Pierre, Agapito, Guido, Ammons, S. Mark, Bonaglia, Marco, Boucher, Marc-Andre, Dunn, Jennifer, Esposito, Simone, Filion, Guillaume, Landry, Jean Thomas, Lardiere, Olivier, Li, Duan, Madurowicz, Alex, Peng, Dillon, Poyneer, Lisa, and Spalding, Eckhart
Abstract: The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a high contrast imaging instrument that aims to detect and characterize extrasolar planets. GPI is being upgraded to GPI 2.0, with several subsystems receiving a re-design to improve the instrument's contrast. To enable observations on fainter targets and increase stability on brighter ones, one of the upgrades is to the adaptive optics system. The current Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (WFS) is being replaced by a pyramid WFS with an low-noise electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD). EMCCDs are detectors capable of counting single photon events at high speed and high sensitivity. In this work, we characterize the performance of the HN\"u 240 EMCCD from N\"uv\"u Cameras, which was custom-built for GPI 2.0. The HN\"u 240 EMCCD's characteristics make it well suited for extreme AO: it has low dark current ($<$ 0.01 e-/pix/fr), low readout noise (0.1 e-/pix/fr at a gain of 5000), high quantum efficiency ( 90% at wavelengths from 600-800 nm; 70% from 800-900 nm), and fast readout (up to 3000 fps full frame). Here we present test results on the EMCCD's noise contributors, such as the readout noise, pixel-to-pixel variability and CCD bias. We also tested the linearity and EM gain calibration of the detector. All camera tests were conducted before its integration into the GPI 2.0 PWFS system., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures. Conference Proceedings for AO4ELT7, held in June 2023 in Avignon, France
Published: 2023

36. Using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to reconstruct non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor measurements

Author: Chambouleyron, Vincent, Sengupta, Aditya, Salama, Maïssa, van Kooten, Maaike A. M, Gerard, Benjamin L., Haffert, Sebastiaan Y., Cetre, Sylvain, Dillon, Daren, Kupke, Renate, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Hinz, Phil, Macintosh, Bruce, Chambouleyron, Vincent, Sengupta, Aditya, Salama, Maïssa, van Kooten, Maaike A. M, Gerard, Benjamin L., Haffert, Sebastiaan Y., Cetre, Sylvain, Dillon, Daren, Kupke, Renate, Jensen-Clem, Rebecca, Hinz, Phil, and Macintosh, Bruce
Abstract: Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique to improve the resolution of ground-based telescopes by correcting, in real-time, optical aberrations due to atmospheric turbulence and the telescope itself. With the rise of Giant Segmented Mirror Telescopes (GSMT), AO is needed more than ever to reach the full potential of these future observatories. One of the main performance drivers of an AO system is the wavefront sensing operation, consisting of measuring the shape of the above mentioned optical aberrations. Aims. The non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensor (nPWFS) is a wavefront sensor with high sensitivity, allowing the limits of AO systems to be pushed. The high sensitivity comes at the expense of its dynamic range, which makes it a highly non-linear sensor. We propose here a novel way to invert nPWFS signals by using the principle of reciprocity of light propagation and the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm. We test the performance of this reconstructor in two steps: the technique is first implemented in simulations, where some of its basic properties are studied. Then, the GS reconstructor is tested on the Santa Cruz Extreme Adaptive optics Laboratory (SEAL) testbed located at the University of California Santa Cruz. This new way to invert the nPWFS measurements allows us to drastically increase the dynamic range of the reconstruction for the nPWFS, pushing the dynamics close to a modulated PWFS. The reconstructor is an iterative algorithm requiring heavy computational burden, which could be an issue for real-time purposes in its current implementation. However, this new reconstructor could still be helpful in the case of many wavefront control operations. This reconstruction technique has also been successfully tested on the Santa Cruz Extreme AO Laboratory (SEAL) bench where it is now used as the standard way to invert nPWFS signal.
Published: 2023
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37. Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument Overview and Status

Author: Bailey, Vanessa P., Bendek, Eduardo, Monacelli, Brian, Baker, Caleb, Bedrosian, Gasia, Cady, Eric, Douglas, Ewan S., Groff, Tyler, Hildebrandt, Sergi R., Kasdin, N. Jeremy, Krist, John, Macintosh, Bruce, Mennesson, Bertrand, Morrissey, Patrick, Poberezhskiy, Ilya, Subedi, Hari B., Rhodes, Jason, Roberge, Aki, Ygouf, Marie, Zellem, Robert T., Zhao, Feng, Zimmerman, Neil T., Bailey, Vanessa P., Bendek, Eduardo, Monacelli, Brian, Baker, Caleb, Bedrosian, Gasia, Cady, Eric, Douglas, Ewan S., Groff, Tyler, Hildebrandt, Sergi R., Kasdin, N. Jeremy, Krist, John, Macintosh, Bruce, Mennesson, Bertrand, Morrissey, Patrick, Poberezhskiy, Ilya, Subedi, Hari B., Rhodes, Jason, Roberge, Aki, Ygouf, Marie, Zellem, Robert T., Zhao, Feng, and Zimmerman, Neil T.
Abstract: The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument is a critical technology demonstrator for NASA's Habitable Worlds Observatory. With a predicted visible-light flux ratio detection limit of 1E-8 or better, it will be capable of reaching new areas of parameter space for both gas giant exoplanets and circumstellar disks. It is in the final stages of integration and test at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with an anticipated delivery to payload integration in the coming year. This paper will review the instrument systems, observing modes, potential observing applications, and overall progress toward instrument integration and test., Comment: Proceedings of SPIE: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI, vol. 12680 (2023)
Published: 2023

38. Progress in the Design of the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope

Author: Mroczkowski, Tony, Cicone, Claudia, Reichert, Matthias, Gallardo, Patricio, Kaercher, Hans, Hills, Richard, Bok, Daniel, Dahl, Erik, Dubois-dit-Bonclaude, Pierre, Kiselev, Aleksej, Timpe, Martin, Zimmerer, Thomas, Dicker, Simon, Macintosh, Mike, Klaassen, Pamela, Niemack, Michael, Mroczkowski, Tony, Cicone, Claudia, Reichert, Matthias, Gallardo, Patricio, Kaercher, Hans, Hills, Richard, Bok, Daniel, Dahl, Erik, Dubois-dit-Bonclaude, Pierre, Kiselev, Aleksej, Timpe, Martin, Zimmerer, Thomas, Dicker, Simon, Macintosh, Mike, Klaassen, Pamela, and Niemack, Michael
Abstract: The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) aims to be the premier next generation large diameter (50 meter) single dish observatory capable of observations across the millimeter/submillimeter spectrum, from 30~GHz to 1~THz. AtLAST will be sited in Chile at approximately 5100 meters above sea level, high in the Atacama Desert near Llano de Chajnantor. The novel rocking-chair telescope design allows for a unprecedentedly wide field of view (FoV) of 1-2$^\circ$ diameter, a large receiver cabin housing six major instruments, and high structural stability during fast scanning operations (up to $\sim 3^\circ$ per second in azimuth). Here we describe the current status of, and expected outcomes for, the antenna design study, which will be completed in 2024., Comment: Accepted for the URSI GASS 2023, Sapporo, Japan, 19-26 August 2023. 4 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2023
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39. GMP-selected dual and lensed AGNs: selection function and classification based on near-IR colors and resolved spectra from VLT/ERIS, KECK/OSIRIS, and LBT/LUCI

Author: Mannucci, F., Scialpi, M., Ciurlo, A., Yeh, S., Marconcini, C., Tozzi, G., Cresci, G., Marconi, A., Amiri, A., Belfiore, F., Carniani, S., Cicone, C., Nardini, E., Pancino, E., Rubinur, K., Severgnini, P., Ulivi, L., Venturi, G., Vignali, C., Volonteri, M., Pinna, E., Rossi, F., Puglisi, A., Agapito, G., Plantet, C., Ghose, E., Carbonaro, L., Xompero, M., Grani, P., Esposito, S., Power, J., Ramon, J. C. Guerra, Lefebvre, M., Cavallaro, A., Davies, R., Riccardi, A., Macintosh, M., Taylor, W., Dolci, M., Baruffolo, A., Feuchtgruber, H., Kravchenko, K., Rau, C., Sturm, E., Wiezorrek, E., Dallilar, Y., Kenworthy, M., Mannucci, F., Scialpi, M., Ciurlo, A., Yeh, S., Marconcini, C., Tozzi, G., Cresci, G., Marconi, A., Amiri, A., Belfiore, F., Carniani, S., Cicone, C., Nardini, E., Pancino, E., Rubinur, K., Severgnini, P., Ulivi, L., Venturi, G., Vignali, C., Volonteri, M., Pinna, E., Rossi, F., Puglisi, A., Agapito, G., Plantet, C., Ghose, E., Carbonaro, L., Xompero, M., Grani, P., Esposito, S., Power, J., Ramon, J. C. Guerra, Lefebvre, M., Cavallaro, A., Davies, R., Riccardi, A., Macintosh, M., Taylor, W., Dolci, M., Baruffolo, A., Feuchtgruber, H., Kravchenko, K., Rau, C., Sturm, E., Wiezorrek, E., Dallilar, Y., and Kenworthy, M.
Abstract: The Gaia-Multi-Peak (GMP) technique can be used to identify large numbers of dual or lensed AGN candidates at sub-arcsec separation, allowing us to study both multiple SMBHs in the same galaxy and rare, compact lensed systems. The observed samples can be used to test the predictions of the models of SMBH merging once 1) the selection function of the GMP technique is known, and 2) each system has been classified as dual AGN, lensed AGN, or AGN/star alignment. Here we show that the GMP selection is very efficient for separations above 0.15'' when the secondary (fainter) object has magnitude G<20.5. We present the spectroscopic classification of five GMP candidates using VLT/ERIS and Keck/OSIRIS, and compare them with the classifications obtained from: a) the near-IR colors of 7 systems obtained with LBT/LUCI, and b) the analysis of the total, spatially-unresolved spectra. We conclude that colors and integrated spectra can already provide reliable classifications of many systems. Finally, we summarize the confirmed dual AGNs at z>0.5 selected by the GMP technique, and compare this sample with other such systems from the literature, concluding that GMP can provide a large number of confirmed dual AGNs at separations below 7 kpc., Comment: 14 pages,A&A, in press
Published: 2023

40. Detecting Exoplanets Closer to Stars with Moderate Spectral Resolution Integral-Field Spectroscopy

Author: Agrawal, Shubh, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Konopacky, Quinn M., Macintosh, Bruce, Mawet, Dimitri, Nielsen, Eric L., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Liu, Michael C., Barman, Travis S., Thompson, William, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Marois, Christian, Patience, Jenny, Agrawal, Shubh, Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Konopacky, Quinn M., Macintosh, Bruce, Mawet, Dimitri, Nielsen, Eric L., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Liu, Michael C., Barman, Travis S., Thompson, William, Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Marois, Christian, and Patience, Jenny
Abstract: While radial velocity surveys have demonstrated that the population of gas giants peaks around $3~\text{au}$, the most recent high-contrast imaging surveys have only been sensitive to planets beyond $\sim~10~\text{au}$. Sensitivity at small angular separations from stars is currently limited by the variability of the point spread function. We demonstrate how moderate-resolution integral field spectrographs can detect planets at smaller separations ($\lesssim~0.3$ arcseconds) by detecting the distinct spectral signature of planets compared to the host star. Using OSIRIS ($R$ $\approx$ 4000) at the W. M. Keck Observatory, we present the results of a planet search via this methodology around 20 young targets in the Ophiuchus and Taurus star-forming regions. We show that OSIRIS can outperform high-contrast coronagraphic instruments equipped with extreme adaptive optics and non-redundant masking in the $0.05-0.3$ arcsecond regime. As a proof of concept, we present the $34\sigma$ detection of a high-contrast M dwarf companion at $\approx0.1$" with a flux ratio of $\approx0.92\%$ around the field F2 star HD 148352. We developed an open-source Python package, breads, for the analysis of moderate-resolution integral field spectroscopy data in which the planet and the host star signal are jointly modeled. The diffracted starlight continuum is forward-modeled using a spline model, which removes the need for prior high-pass filtering or continuum normalization. The code allows for analytic marginalization of linear hyperparameters, simplifying posterior sampling of other parameters (e.g., radial velocity, effective temperature). This technique could prove very powerful when applied to integral field spectrographs like NIRSpec on the JWST and other upcoming first-light instruments on the future Extremely Large Telescopes., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal on May 12, 2023
Published: 2023
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41. The infrared colors of 51 Eridani b: micrometereoid dust or chemical disequilibrium?

Author: Madurowicz, Alexander, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Batalha, Natasha, Macintosh, Bruce, Marley, Mark, Karalidi, Theodora, Madurowicz, Alexander, Mukherjee, Sagnick, Batalha, Natasha, Macintosh, Bruce, Marley, Mark, and Karalidi, Theodora
Abstract: We reanalyze near-infrared spectra of the young extrasolar giant planet 51 Eridani b which was originally presented in (Macintosh et al. 2015) and (Rajan et al. 2017) using modern atmospheric models which include a self-consistent treatment of disequilibrium chemistry due to turbulent vertical mixing. In addition, we investigate the possibility that significant opacity from micrometeors or other impactors in the planet's atmosphere may be responsible for shaping the observed spectral energy distribution (SED). We find that disequilibrium chemistry is useful for describing the mid-infrared colors of the planet's spectra, especially in regards to photometric data at M band around 4.5 $\mu$m which is the result of super-equilibrium abundances of carbon monoxide, while the micrometeors are unlikely to play a pivotal role in shaping the SED. The best-fitting, micrometeroid-dust-free, disequilibrium chemistry, patchy cloud model has the following parameters: effective temperature $T_\textrm{eff} = 681$ K with clouds (or without clouds, i.e. the grid temperature $T_\textrm{grid}$ = 900 K), surface gravity $g$ = 1000 m/s$^2$, sedimentation efficiency $f_\textrm{sed}$ = 10, vertical eddy diffusion coefficient $K_\textrm{zz}$ = 10$^3$ cm$^2$/s, cloud hole fraction $f_\textrm{hole}$ = 0.2, and planet radius $R_\textrm{planet}$ = 1.0 R$_\textrm{Jup}$., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, Accepted to AJ
Published: 2023
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42. The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph for the VLT

Author: Davies, R., Absil, O., Agapito, G., Berbel, A. Agudo, Baruffolo, A., Biliotti, V., Bonaglia, M., Bonse, M., Briguglio, R., Campana, P., Cao, Y., Carbonaro, L., Cortes, A., Cresci, G., Dallilar, Y., Dannert, F., De Rosa, R. J., Deysenroth, M., Di Antonio, I., Di Cianno, A., Di Rico, G., Doelman, D., Dolci, M., Dorn, R., Eisenhauer, F., Esposito, S., Fantinel, D., Ferruzzi, D., Feuchtgruber, H., Finger, G., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Gao, X., Gemperlein, H., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Ginski, C., Glauser, A. M., Glindemann, A., Grani, P., Hartl, M., Hayoz, J., Heida, M., Henry, D., Hofmann, R., Huber, H., Kasper, M., Keller, C., Kenworthy, M., Kravchenko, K., Kuntschner, H., Lacour, S., Lightfoot, J., Lunney, D., Lutz, D., Macintosh, M., Mannucci, F., Marsset, M., Modigliani, A., Neeser, M., de Xivry, G. Orban, Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Patapis, P., Pearson, D., Peña, E., Percheron, I., Puglisi, A., Quanz, S. P., Rabien, S., Rau, C., Riccardi, A., Salasnich, B., Schmid, H. -M., Schubert, J., Serra, B., Shimizu, T., Snik, F., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L., Taylor, W., Valentini, A., Waring, C., Wiezorrek, E., Xompero, M., Davies, R., Absil, O., Agapito, G., Berbel, A. Agudo, Baruffolo, A., Biliotti, V., Bonaglia, M., Bonse, M., Briguglio, R., Campana, P., Cao, Y., Carbonaro, L., Cortes, A., Cresci, G., Dallilar, Y., Dannert, F., De Rosa, R. J., Deysenroth, M., Di Antonio, I., Di Cianno, A., Di Rico, G., Doelman, D., Dolci, M., Dorn, R., Eisenhauer, F., Esposito, S., Fantinel, D., Ferruzzi, D., Feuchtgruber, H., Finger, G., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Gao, X., Gemperlein, H., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Ginski, C., Glauser, A. M., Glindemann, A., Grani, P., Hartl, M., Hayoz, J., Heida, M., Henry, D., Hofmann, R., Huber, H., Kasper, M., Keller, C., Kenworthy, M., Kravchenko, K., Kuntschner, H., Lacour, S., Lightfoot, J., Lunney, D., Lutz, D., Macintosh, M., Mannucci, F., Marsset, M., Modigliani, A., Neeser, M., de Xivry, G. Orban, Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Patapis, P., Pearson, D., Peña, E., Percheron, I., Puglisi, A., Quanz, S. P., Rabien, S., Rau, C., Riccardi, A., Salasnich, B., Schmid, H. -M., Schubert, J., Serra, B., Shimizu, T., Snik, F., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L., Taylor, W., Valentini, A., Waring, C., Wiezorrek, E., and Xompero, M.
Abstract: ERIS, the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph, is an instrument that both extends and enhances the fundamental diffraction limited imaging and spectroscopy capability for the VLT. It replaces two instruments that were being maintained beyond their operational lifetimes, combines their functionality on a single focus, provides a new wavefront sensing module for natural and laser guide stars that makes use of the Adaptive Optics Facility, and considerably improves on their performance. The observational modes ERIS provides are integral field spectroscopy at 1-2.5 {\mu}m, imaging at 1-5 {\mu}m with several options for high contrast imaging, and longslit spectroscopy at 3-4 {\mu}m, The instrument is installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4 at the VLT and, following its commissioning during 2022, has been made available to the community., Comment: 20 pages with 29 figures; accepted for A&A (minor changes)
Published: 2023
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43. Testing the Interaction Between a Substellar Companion and a Debris Disk in the HR 2562 System

Author: Zhang, Stella Yimiao, Duchêne, Gaspard, De Rosa, Robert J., Ansdell, Megan, Konopacky, Quinn, Esposito, Thomas, Chiang, Eugene, Rice, Malena, Matthews, Brenda, Kalas, Paul, Macintosh, Bruce, Marchis, Franck, Metchev, Stan, Patience, Jenny, Rameau, Julien, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wolff, Schuyler, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Bailey, Vanessa P., Barman, Travis S., Bulger, Joanna, Chen, Christine H., Chilcotte, Jeffrey K., Cotten, Tara, Doyon, René, Follette, Katherine B., Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen, Graham, James R., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hung, Li-Wei, Ingraham, Patrick, Maire, Jérôme, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Nielsen, Eric L., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David W., Perrin, Marshall D., Poyneer, Lisa A., Pueyo, Laurent, Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Song, Inseok, Soummer, Remi, Thomas, Sandrine, Wang, Jason J., Wiktorowicz, Sloane J., Zhang, Stella Yimiao, Duchêne, Gaspard, De Rosa, Robert J., Ansdell, Megan, Konopacky, Quinn, Esposito, Thomas, Chiang, Eugene, Rice, Malena, Matthews, Brenda, Kalas, Paul, Macintosh, Bruce, Marchis, Franck, Metchev, Stan, Patience, Jenny, Rameau, Julien, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wolff, Schuyler, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Bailey, Vanessa P., Barman, Travis S., Bulger, Joanna, Chen, Christine H., Chilcotte, Jeffrey K., Cotten, Tara, Doyon, René, Follette, Katherine B., Gerard, Benjamin L., Goodsell, Stephen, Graham, James R., Greenbaum, Alexandra Z., Hibon, Pascale, Hung, Li-Wei, Ingraham, Patrick, Maire, Jérôme, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Nielsen, Eric L., Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Palmer, David W., Perrin, Marshall D., Poyneer, Lisa A., Pueyo, Laurent, Rajan, Abhijith, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Savransky, Dmitry, Schneider, Adam C., Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Song, Inseok, Soummer, Remi, Thomas, Sandrine, Wang, Jason J., and Wiktorowicz, Sloane J.
Abstract: The HR 2562 system is a rare case where a brown dwarf companion resides in a cleared inner hole of a debris disk, offering invaluable opportunities to study the dynamical interaction between a substellar companion and a dusty disk. We present the first ALMA observation of the system as well as the continued GPI monitoring of the companion's orbit with 6 new epochs from 2016 to 2018. We update the orbital fit and, in combination with absolute astrometry from GAIA, place a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of 18.5 $M_J$ on the companion's mass. To interpret the ALMA observations, we used radiative transfer modeling to determine the disk properties. We find that the disk is well resolved and nearly edge on. While the misalignment angle between the disk and the orbit is weakly constrained due to the short orbital arc available, the data strongly support a (near) coplanar geometry for the system. Furthermore, we find that the models that describe the ALMA data best have an inner radius that is close to the companion's semi-major axis. Including a posteriori knowledge of the system's SED further narrows the constraints on the disk's inner radius and place it at a location that is in reasonable agreement with, possibly interior to, predictions from existing dynamical models of disk truncation by an interior substellar companion. HR\,2562 has the potential over the next few years to become a new testbed for dynamical interaction between a debris disk and a substellar companion., Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2023

44. The state-of-the-art 3D anisotropic intracranial hemorrhage segmentation on non-contrast head CT: The INSTANCE challenge

Author: Li, Xiangyu, Luo, Gongning, Wang, Kuanquan, Wang, Hongyu, Liu, Jun, Liang, Xinjie, Jiang, Jie, Song, Zhenghao, Zheng, Chunyue, Chi, Haokai, Xu, Mingwang, He, Yingte, Ma, Xinghua, Guo, Jingwen, Liu, Yifan, Li, Chuanpu, Chen, Zeli, Siddiquee, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Myronenko, Andriy, Sanner, Antoine P., Mukhopadhyay, Anirban, Othman, Ahmed E., Zhao, Xingyu, Liu, Weiping, Zhang, Jinhuang, Ma, Xiangyuan, Liu, Qinghui, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Liang, Wei, Mazher, Moona, Qayyum, Abdul, Abramova, Valeriia, Lladó, Xavier, Li, Shuo, Li, Xiangyu, Luo, Gongning, Wang, Kuanquan, Wang, Hongyu, Liu, Jun, Liang, Xinjie, Jiang, Jie, Song, Zhenghao, Zheng, Chunyue, Chi, Haokai, Xu, Mingwang, He, Yingte, Ma, Xinghua, Guo, Jingwen, Liu, Yifan, Li, Chuanpu, Chen, Zeli, Siddiquee, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Myronenko, Andriy, Sanner, Antoine P., Mukhopadhyay, Anirban, Othman, Ahmed E., Zhao, Xingyu, Liu, Weiping, Zhang, Jinhuang, Ma, Xiangyuan, Liu, Qinghui, MacIntosh, Bradley J., Liang, Wei, Mazher, Moona, Qayyum, Abdul, Abramova, Valeriia, Lladó, Xavier, and Li, Shuo
Abstract: Automatic intracranial hemorrhage segmentation in 3D non-contrast head CT (NCCT) scans is significant in clinical practice. Existing hemorrhage segmentation methods usually ignores the anisotropic nature of the NCCT, and are evaluated on different in-house datasets with distinct metrics, making it highly challenging to improve segmentation performance and perform objective comparisons among different methods. The INSTANCE 2022 was a grand challenge held in conjunction with the 2022 International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). It is intended to resolve the above-mentioned problems and promote the development of both intracranial hemorrhage segmentation and anisotropic data processing. The INSTANCE released a training set of 100 cases with ground-truth and a validation set with 30 cases without ground-truth labels that were available to the participants. A held-out testing set with 70 cases is utilized for the final evaluation and ranking. The methods from different participants are ranked based on four metrics, including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Hausdorff Distance (HD), Relative Volume Difference (RVD) and Normalized Surface Dice (NSD). A total of 13 teams submitted distinct solutions to resolve the challenges, making several baseline models, pre-processing strategies and anisotropic data processing techniques available to future researchers. The winner method achieved an average DSC of 0.6925, demonstrating a significant growth over our proposed baseline method. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed INSTANCE challenge releases the first intracranial hemorrhage segmentation benchmark, and is also the first challenge that intended to resolve the anisotropic problem in 3D medical image segmentation, which provides new alternatives in these research fields., Comment: Summarized paper for the MICCAI INSTANCE 2022 Challenge
Published: 2023

45. Offshore decommissioning horizon scan : Research priorities to support decision-making activities for oil and gas infrastructure

Author: Watson, Sarah M., McLean, Dianne L., Balcom, Brian J., Birchenough, Silvana N.R., Brand, Alison M., Camprasse, Elodie C.M., Claisse, Jeremy T., Coolen, Joop W.P., Cresswell, Tom, Fokkema, Bert, Gourvenec, Susan, Henry, Lea Anne, Hewitt, Chad L., Love, Milton S., MacIntosh, Amy E., Marnane, Michael, McKinley, Emma, Micallef, Shannon, Morgan, Deborah, Nicolette, Joseph, Ounanian, Kristen, Patterson, John, Seath, Karen, Selman, Allison G.L., Suthers, Iain M., Todd, Victoria L.G., Tung, Aaron, Macreadie, Peter I., Watson, Sarah M., McLean, Dianne L., Balcom, Brian J., Birchenough, Silvana N.R., Brand, Alison M., Camprasse, Elodie C.M., Claisse, Jeremy T., Coolen, Joop W.P., Cresswell, Tom, Fokkema, Bert, Gourvenec, Susan, Henry, Lea Anne, Hewitt, Chad L., Love, Milton S., MacIntosh, Amy E., Marnane, Michael, McKinley, Emma, Micallef, Shannon, Morgan, Deborah, Nicolette, Joseph, Ounanian, Kristen, Patterson, John, Seath, Karen, Selman, Allison G.L., Suthers, Iain M., Todd, Victoria L.G., Tung, Aaron, and Macreadie, Peter I.
Abstract: Thousands of oil and gas structures have been installed in the world's oceans over the past 70 years to meet the population's reliance on hydrocarbons. Over the last decade, there has been increased concern over how to handle decommissioning of this infrastructure when it reaches the end of its operational life. Complete or partial removal may or may not present the best option when considering potential impacts on the environment, society, technical feasibility, economy, and future asset liability. Re-purposing of offshore structures may also be a valid legal option under international maritime law where robust evidence exists to support this option. Given the complex nature of decommissioning offshore infrastructure, a global horizon scan was undertaken, eliciting input from an interdisciplinary cohort of 35 global experts to develop the top ten priority research needs to further inform decommissioning decisions and advance our understanding of their potential impacts. The highest research priorities included: (1) an assessment of impacts of contaminants and their acceptable environmental limits to reduce potential for ecological harm; (2) defining risk and acceptability thresholds in policy/governance; (3) characterising liability issues of ongoing costs and responsibility; and (4) quantification of impacts to ecosystem services. The remaining top ten priorities included: (5) quantifying ecological connectivity; (6) assessing marine life productivity; (7) determining feasibility of infrastructure re-use; (8) identification of stakeholder views and values; (9) quantification of greenhouse gas emissions; and (10) developing a transdisciplinary decommissioning decision-making process. Addressing these priorities will help inform policy development and governance frameworks to provide industry and stakeholders with a clearer path forward for offshore decommissioning. The principles and framework developed in this paper are equally applicable for informing responsible
Published: 2023

46. First on-sky results of ERIS at VLT

Author: Kravchenko, Kateryna, Dallilar, Yigit, Absil, Olivier, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Baruffolo, Andrea, Bonse, Markus J., Buron, Alexander, Cao, Yixian, Cortes, Angela, Dannert, Felix, Davies, Richard, De Rosa, Robert J., Deysenroth, Matthias, Doelman, David S., Eisenhauer, Frank, Esposito, Simone, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Schreiber, Natascha Förster, Gao, Xiaofeng, Gemperlein, Hans, Genzel, Reinhard, Gillessen, Stefan, Ginski, Christian, Glauser, Adrian M., Glindemann, Andreas, Grani, Paolo, Haguenauer, Pierre, Hartwig, Johannes, Hayoz, Jean, Heida, Marianne, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kolb, Johann, Kuntschner, Harald, Lutz, Dieter, Liu, Daizhong, MacIntosh, Mike, Marsset, Michaël, de Xivry, Gilles Orban, Özdemir, Hakan, Puglisi, Alfio, Quanz, Sascha P., Rau, Christian, Riccardi, Armando, Schuppe, Daniel, Snik, Frans, Sturm, Eckhard, Tacconi, Linda, Taylor, William D., Wiezorrek, Erich, Kravchenko, Kateryna, Dallilar, Yigit, Absil, Olivier, Berbel, Alex Agudo, Baruffolo, Andrea, Bonse, Markus J., Buron, Alexander, Cao, Yixian, Cortes, Angela, Dannert, Felix, Davies, Richard, De Rosa, Robert J., Deysenroth, Matthias, Doelman, David S., Eisenhauer, Frank, Esposito, Simone, Feuchtgruber, Helmut, Schreiber, Natascha Förster, Gao, Xiaofeng, Gemperlein, Hans, Genzel, Reinhard, Gillessen, Stefan, Ginski, Christian, Glauser, Adrian M., Glindemann, Andreas, Grani, Paolo, Haguenauer, Pierre, Hartwig, Johannes, Hayoz, Jean, Heida, Marianne, Kenworthy, Matthew, Kolb, Johann, Kuntschner, Harald, Lutz, Dieter, Liu, Daizhong, MacIntosh, Mike, Marsset, Michaël, de Xivry, Gilles Orban, Özdemir, Hakan, Puglisi, Alfio, Quanz, Sascha P., Rau, Christian, Riccardi, Armando, Schuppe, Daniel, Snik, Frans, Sturm, Eckhard, Tacconi, Linda, Taylor, William D., and Wiezorrek, Erich
Abstract: ERIS (Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph) is a new adaptive optics instrument installed at the Cassegrain focus of the VLT-UT4 telescope at the Paranal Observatory in Chile. ERIS consists of two near-infrared instruments: SPIFFIER, an integral field unit (IFU) spectrograph covering J to K bands, and NIX, an imager covering J to M bands. ERIS has an adaptive optics system able to work with both LGS and NGS. The Assembly Integration Verification (AIV) phase of ERIS at the Paranal Observatory was carried out starting in December 2021, followed by several commissioning runs in 2022. This contribution will describe the first preliminary results of the on-sky performance of ERIS during its commissioning and the future perspectives based on the preliminary scientific results., Comment: Proceeding of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022
Published: 2023
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47. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease-advances since 2013

Author: Neurologen, Brain, Circulatory Health, Beeldverwerking ISI, Cancer, Structure and Connections, Projectafdeling VCI, Duering, Marco, Biessels, Geert Jan, Brodtmann, Amy, Chen, Christopher, Cordonnier, Charlotte, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Debette, Stéphanie, Frayne, Richard, Jouvent, Eric, Rost, Natalia S, Ter Telgte, Annemieke, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Backes, Walter H, Bae, Hee-Joon, Brown, Rosalind, Chabriat, Hugues, De Luca, Alberto, deCarli, Charles, Dewenter, Anna, Doubal, Fergus N, Ewers, Michael, Field, Thalia S, Ganesh, Aravind, Greenberg, Steven, Helmer, Karl G, Hilal, Saima, Jochems, Angela C C, Jokinen, Hanna, Kuijf, Hugo, Lam, Bonnie Y K, Lebenberg, Jessica, MacIntosh, Bradley J, Maillard, Pauline, Mok, Vincent C T, Pantoni, Leonardo, Rudilosso, Salvatore, Satizabal, Claudia L, Schirmer, Markus D, Schmidt, Reinhold, Smith, Colin, Staals, Julie, Thrippleton, Michael J, van Veluw, Susanne J, Vemuri, Prashanthi, Wang, Yilong, Werring, David, Zedde, Marialuisa, Akinyemi, Rufus O, Del Brutto, Oscar H, Markus, Hugh S, Zhu, Yi-Cheng, Smith, Eric E, Dichgans, Martin, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Neurologen, Brain, Circulatory Health, Beeldverwerking ISI, Cancer, Structure and Connections, Projectafdeling VCI, Duering, Marco, Biessels, Geert Jan, Brodtmann, Amy, Chen, Christopher, Cordonnier, Charlotte, de Leeuw, Frank-Erik, Debette, Stéphanie, Frayne, Richard, Jouvent, Eric, Rost, Natalia S, Ter Telgte, Annemieke, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Backes, Walter H, Bae, Hee-Joon, Brown, Rosalind, Chabriat, Hugues, De Luca, Alberto, deCarli, Charles, Dewenter, Anna, Doubal, Fergus N, Ewers, Michael, Field, Thalia S, Ganesh, Aravind, Greenberg, Steven, Helmer, Karl G, Hilal, Saima, Jochems, Angela C C, Jokinen, Hanna, Kuijf, Hugo, Lam, Bonnie Y K, Lebenberg, Jessica, MacIntosh, Bradley J, Maillard, Pauline, Mok, Vincent C T, Pantoni, Leonardo, Rudilosso, Salvatore, Satizabal, Claudia L, Schirmer, Markus D, Schmidt, Reinhold, Smith, Colin, Staals, Julie, Thrippleton, Michael J, van Veluw, Susanne J, Vemuri, Prashanthi, Wang, Yilong, Werring, David, Zedde, Marialuisa, Akinyemi, Rufus O, Del Brutto, Oscar H, Markus, Hugh S, Zhu, Yi-Cheng, Smith, Eric E, Dichgans, Martin, and Wardlaw, Joanna M
Published: 2023

48. The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems V: Do Self-Consistent Atmospheric Models Represent JWST Spectra? A Showcase With VHS 1256 b

Author: Petrus, Simon, Whiteford, Niall, Patapis, Polychronis, Biller, Beth A., Skemer, Andrew, Hinkley, Sasha, Suárez, Genaro, Lueber, Anna, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Stone, Jordan M., Vos, Johanna M., Morley, Caroline V., Tremblin, Pascal, Charnay, Benjamin, Helling, Christiane, Miles, Brittany E., Carter, Aarynn L., Wang, Jason J., Janson, Markus, Gonzales, Eileen C., Sutlieff, Ben, Hoch, Kielan K. W., Bonnefoy, Mickaël, Chauvin, Gaël, Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Bryan, Marta L., Calissendorff, Per, Cantalloube, Faustine, Chen, Christine H., Choquet, Elodie, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, De Furio, Matthew, Dupuy, Trent J., Factor, Samuel M., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Kalas, Paul, Kammerer, Jens, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kim, Minjae, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kraus, Adam L., Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lawson, Kellen, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Leisenring, Jarron M., Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Macintosh, Bruce, Mâlin, Mathilde, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastián, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Matthews, Brenda C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Meyer, Michael R., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Mollière, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Pantin, Eric, Perrin, Marshall D., Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Ray, Shrishmoy, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Sallum, Steph, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, Benjamin, Schlieder, Joshua E., Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vasist, Malavika, Vigan, Arthur, Wagner, Kevin, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zurlo, Alice, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhan, Zhoujian, Zhou, Yifan, Petrus, Simon, Whiteford, Niall, Patapis, Polychronis, Biller, Beth A., Skemer, Andrew, Hinkley, Sasha, Suárez, Genaro, Lueber, Anna, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Stone, Jordan M., Vos, Johanna M., Morley, Caroline V., Tremblin, Pascal, Charnay, Benjamin, Helling, Christiane, Miles, Brittany E., Carter, Aarynn L., Wang, Jason J., Janson, Markus, Gonzales, Eileen C., Sutlieff, Ben, Hoch, Kielan K. W., Bonnefoy, Mickaël, Chauvin, Gaël, Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Bryan, Marta L., Calissendorff, Per, Cantalloube, Faustine, Chen, Christine H., Choquet, Elodie, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, De Furio, Matthew, Dupuy, Trent J., Factor, Samuel M., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Kalas, Paul, Kammerer, Jens, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kim, Minjae, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kraus, Adam L., Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lawson, Kellen, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Leisenring, Jarron M., Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Macintosh, Bruce, Mâlin, Mathilde, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastián, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Matthews, Brenda C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Meyer, Michael R., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Mollière, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Pantin, Eric, Perrin, Marshall D., Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Ray, Shrishmoy, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Sallum, Steph, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, Benjamin, Schlieder, Joshua E., Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vasist, Malavika, Vigan, Arthur, Wagner, Kevin, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zurlo, Alice, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhan, Zhoujian, and Zhou, Yifan
Abstract: The unprecedented medium-resolution (R~1500-3500) near- and mid-infrared (1-18um) spectrum provided by JWST for the young (140+/-20Myr) low-mass (12-20MJup) L-T transition (L7) companion VHS1256b gives access to a catalogue of molecular absorptions. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of this dataset utilizing a forward modelling approach, applying our Bayesian framework, ForMoSA. We explore five distinct atmospheric models to assess their performance in estimating key atmospheric parameters: Teff, log(g), [M/H], C/O, gamma, fsed, and R. Our findings reveal that each parameter's estimate is significantly influenced by factors such as the wavelength range considered and the model chosen for the fit. This is attributed to systematic errors in the models and their challenges in accurately replicating the complex atmospheric structure of VHS1256b, notably the complexity of its clouds and dust distribution. To propagate the impact of these systematic uncertainties on our atmospheric property estimates, we introduce innovative fitting methodologies based on independent fits performed on different spectral windows. We finally derived a Teff consistent with the spectral type of the target, considering its young age, which is confirmed by our estimate of log(g). Despite the exceptional data quality, attaining robust estimates for chemical abundances [M/H] and C/O, often employed as indicators of formation history, remains challenging. Nevertheless, the pioneering case of JWST's data for VHS1256b has paved the way for future acquisitions of substellar spectra that will be systematically analyzed to directly compare the properties of these objects and correct the systematics in the models., Comment: 32 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables, 2 appendices
Published: 2023

49. CD-27 11535: Evidence for a Triple System in the $\beta$ Pictoris Moving Group

Author: Thomas, Andrew D., Nielsen, Eric L., De Rosa, Robert J., Peck, Anne E., Macintosh, Bruce, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Kalas, Paul, Wang, Jason J., Blunt, Sarah, Greenbaum, Alexandra, Konopacky, Quinn M., Ireland, Michael J., Tuthill, Peter, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Hirsch, Lea A., Czekala, Ian, Marchis, Franck, Marois, Christian, Millar-Blanchaer, Max A., Roberson, William, Smith, Adam, Gallamore, Hannah, Klusmeyer, Jessica, Thomas, Andrew D., Nielsen, Eric L., De Rosa, Robert J., Peck, Anne E., Macintosh, Bruce, Chilcote, Jeffrey, Kalas, Paul, Wang, Jason J., Blunt, Sarah, Greenbaum, Alexandra, Konopacky, Quinn M., Ireland, Michael J., Tuthill, Peter, Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Hirsch, Lea A., Czekala, Ian, Marchis, Franck, Marois, Christian, Millar-Blanchaer, Max A., Roberson, William, Smith, Adam, Gallamore, Hannah, and Klusmeyer, Jessica
Abstract: We present new spatially resolved astrometry and photometry of the CD-27 11535 system, a member of the $\beta$ Pictoris moving group consisting of two resolved K-type stars on a $\sim$20-year orbit. We fit an orbit to relative astrometry measured from NIRC2, GPI, and archival NaCo images, in addition to literature measurements. However, the total mass inferred from this orbit is significantly discrepant from that inferred from stellar evolutionary models using the luminosity of the two stars. We explore two hypotheses that could explain this discrepant mass sum; a discrepant parallax measurement from Gaia due to variability, and the presence of an additional unresolved companion to one of the two components. We find that the $\sim$20-year orbit could not bias the parallax measurement, but that variability of the components could produce a large amplitude astrometric motion, an effect which cannot be quantified exactly without the individual Gaia measurements. The discrepancy could also be explained by an additional star in the system. We jointly fit the astrometric and photometric measurements of the system to test different binary and triple architectures for the system. Depending on the set of evolutionary models used, we find an improved goodness of fit for a triple system architecture that includes a low-mass ($M=0.177\pm0.055$\,$M_{\odot}$) companion to the primary star. Further studies of this system will be required in order to resolve this discrepancy, either by refining the parallax measurement with a more complex treatment of variability-induced astrometric motion, or by detecting a third companion., Comment: 12 pages + references and appendix, 12 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2023
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50. A Uniform Analysis of Debris Disks with the Gemini Planet Imager I: An Empirical Search for Perturbations from Planetary Companions in Polarized Light Images

Author: Crotts, Katie A., Matthews, Brenda C., Duchêne, Gaspard, Esposito, Thomas M., Dong, Ruobing, Hom, Justin, Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Rice, Malena, Wolff, Schuyler G., Chen, Christine H., Ó, Clarissa R. Do, Kalas, Paul, Lewis, Briley L., Weinberger, Alycia J., Wilner, David J., Ammons, Mark, Arriaga, Pauline, De Rosa, Robert J., Debes, John H., Fitzgerald, Michael P., Gonzales, Eileen C., Hines, Dean C., Hinkley, Sasha, Hughes, A. Meredith, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lee, Eve J., López, Ronald A., Macintosh, Bruce, Mazoyer, Johan, Metchev, Stanimir, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Nielsen, Eric L., Patience, Jenny, Perrin, Marshall D., Pueyo, Laurent, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ren, Bin B., Schneider, Glenn, Soummer, Remi, Stark, Christopher C., Crotts, Katie A., Matthews, Brenda C., Duchêne, Gaspard, Esposito, Thomas M., Dong, Ruobing, Hom, Justin, Oppenheimer, Rebecca, Rice, Malena, Wolff, Schuyler G., Chen, Christine H., Ó, Clarissa R. Do, Kalas, Paul, Lewis, Briley L., Weinberger, Alycia J., Wilner, David J., Ammons, Mark, Arriaga, Pauline, De Rosa, Robert J., Debes, John H., Fitzgerald, Michael P., Gonzales, Eileen C., Hines, Dean C., Hinkley, Sasha, Hughes, A. Meredith, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lee, Eve J., López, Ronald A., Macintosh, Bruce, Mazoyer, Johan, Metchev, Stanimir, Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Nielsen, Eric L., Patience, Jenny, Perrin, Marshall D., Pueyo, Laurent, Rantakyrö, Fredrik T., Ren, Bin B., Schneider, Glenn, Soummer, Remi, and Stark, Christopher C.
Abstract: The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) has excelled in imaging debris disks in the near-infrared. The GPI Exoplanet Survey (GPIES) imaged twenty-four debris disks in polarized $H$-band light, while other programs observed half of these disks in polarized $J$- and/or $K1$-bands. Using these data, we present a uniform analysis of the morphology of each disk to find asymmetries suggestive of perturbations, particularly those due to planet-disk interactions. The multi-wavelength surface brightness, the disk color and geometry permit identification of any asymmetries such as warps or disk offsets from the central star. We find that nineteen of the disks in this sample exhibit asymmetries in surface brightness, disk color, disk geometry, or a combination of the three, suggesting that for this sample, perturbations, as seen in scattered light, are common. The relationship between these perturbations and potential planets in the system are discussed. We also explore correlations among stellar temperatures, ages, disk properties, and observed perturbations. We find significant trends between the vertical aspect ratio and the stellar temperature, disk radial extent, and the dust grain size distribution power-law, $q$. We also confirm a trend between the disk color and stellar effective temperature, where the disk becomes increasingly red/neutral with increasing temperature. Such results have important implications on the evolution of debris disk systems around stars of various spectral types., Comment: 46 pages, 20 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2023

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