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This paper investigates the validity of the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) among Italian parents. Moreover, we explored the role of coparenting as a mediator of the association between marital satisfaction on children’s adjustment. Specifically, the first study aims to test the reliability and validity of the Italian translation of the CRS among Italian parents. A total of 529 mothers and 529 fathers of children (49.3% males) aged 1-13 completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the theoretically grounded 7-factor structure of the original instrument was valid in explaining the structure of the Italian data. The 7-factor model also fits well across parents’ gender, as there is configural invariance. Besides, the likelihood ratio tests proved that the goodness of fit of the metric model did not significantly change from the configural model. Convergent validity was also tested, and results of correlations and regression analyses showed theoretically coherent links between the participants’ scores on the CRS, marital adjustment, parenting stress, and children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The second study explores the indirect effects of marital satisfaction on children’s adjustment by considering negative coparenting and parenting stress as mediators. Participants were 371 mothers and 371 fathers. Results showed a pathway from marital satisfaction to children’s behavioral problems, with negative coparenting (M1) affecting parenting stress (M2), directly associated with children’s behavioral problems. (M1) affecting parenting stress (M2), directly associated with children’s behavioral problems.

Study design A nationwide population-based register study. Objectives To investigate the socioeconomic consequences of traumatic (tSCI) and non-traumatic (ntSCI) spinal cord injuries (SCI) in relation to health care costs, risk of job loss, and divorce. Setting Denmark. Methods All survivors admitted for specialized SCI rehabilitation from 2008 to 2018 were included (n = 1751), together with their relatives (n = 3084). Control groups for the SCI group (n = 8139) and their relatives (n = 15,921) were identified. Data on socioeconomics up to 2 years before and up to 4 years after the injury year were included. Results Survivors of tSCI and ntSCI had significantly increased health care costs 2 years before injury compared to their controls, and increased health care cost was maintained 4 years after the injury (all p values < 0.0001). The SCI group had significantly increased risk of job loss (OR = 9.26; 95% CI: 7.70-11.15) and higher risk of divorce (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.08-1.87) the 3 following years after injury compared to controls, but risk of divorce was only significant for the ntSCI group (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.09-2.29). No significant differences on health care cost and job loss between the group of relatives of SCI survivors and their controls were found, except for the relatives (n = 1604) of SCI survivors

The definition of this construct is one of the most controversial topics in the literature. On the basis of various contributions, marital adjustment can be defined as a multidimensional indicator of the quality of marital relationship. Evolution of the Construct Marital adjustment is one of the most studied dimensions in the couple and family research literature. According to Spanier (1976, p. 15), already by the 1970s, marital adjustment was “probably the most frequently investigated dependent variable in the field”. Also during the last 30 years, family researchers and scholars have maintained a strong interest on marital adjustment, as an outcome (Shriner 2009). The literature on marital adjustment reveals a variety of factors that are related to the dyadic adjustment (e.g., individual aspects like personality traits, irrational beliefs, and dysfunctional emotions Abbasi 2017; Filipović et al. 2016 and relational aspects like romantic attachment and dyadic coping (Young et al. 2017). Over the last decade, a substantial number of studies have focused on the role of personality traits in predicting the quality of adult romantic relationships (Abbasi 2017; Lampis et al. 2018; Rusu et al. 2019).

Flexible-delivery marriage education (ME) has many advantages over traditional alternatives in reaching couples during the time of COVID-19 lockdown or other national emergencies. In an effort to add to the research of flexible-delivery ME, this exploratory study evaluated an online class adapted from an empirically-validated, marriage curriculum (Four Gifts of Love Class, [FGL]) under home lockdown conditions lasting over 2 months caused by COVID-19 government restrictions. Using a concurrent multiple-baseline single-case experimental design, three distressed couples residing in the Philippines completed seven online lessons over 7 weeks while experiencing home lockdown. Visual analysis of the data suggested that all three couples responded positively to the intervention. The Tau-U and SMDall analyses for each couple ranged from a small to large effect size on measures of marital adjustment (weighted average Tau-U = .50, p < .05; BC-SMD = 0.34) and romantic love (weighted average Tau-U = .52, p < .01; BC-SMD = 0.31), with increases reaching clinical and statistical significance for one couple out of the three. In addition, there was no attrition. The promising results from this preliminary study suggested that the online adaptation of FGL as a flexible-delivery ME could mitigate marital decline, especially during times of calamity when traditional-delivery ME is unavailable and marital decline is predicted. Further study of this program and other online ME programs are recommended to expand the limited research in this area of flexible-delivery ME.

Communication is essential for assessment and intervention in marital psychotherapy. For that matter, it was investigated whether negative and open marital communication impact the marital adjustment of heterosexual couples. This is a quantitative, cross - sectional, correlational, and explanatory study. A total of 231 couples residing in the Southern region of Brazil were assessed. Participants answered the Communication Ques tionnaire and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (R - DAS). The data were analyzed on a dyadic basis using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and indicated that negative communication causes a greater impact than open communication in the marita l adjustment of husbands and wives, since it caused actor and partner effects. Open communication caused only the actor effect for husbands and wives. The results were discussed in the light of the scientific literature considering the possible implications for the clinical area and for the research., A comunicação é imprescindível à avaliação e intervenção em psicoterapia conjugal. Nesse sentido, foi investigado se a comunicação conjugal negativa e aberta impactam no ajustamento conjugal de casais heterossexuais. Trata - se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, correlacional e explicativo. Foram avaliados 231 casais residentes no Sul do Brasil. Os participantes responderam o Communication Questionnaire e o Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale R - DAS. Os dados foram analisados de forma diádica por meio do Actor Partner Interdependence Model - APIM e indicaram que a comunicação negativa provoca impacto superior à comunicação aberta no ajustamento conjugal de maridos e esposas, já que provocou efeitos ator e parceiro. A comunicação aberta provocou somente o efeito ator para maridos e esposas. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura científica considerando as possíveis implicações para a área clínica e para a pesquisa., La comunicación es indispensable para la evaluación e intervención en psicoterapia conyugal. En ese sentido, fue investigado si los estilos de comunicación conyugal negativa y abierta impactan en el ajuste conyugal de parejas heterosexuales. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional y explicativo. Se evaluaron 231 parejas residentes en el Sur de Brasil. Los participantes respondieron el Communication Questionnaire y el Revised Dyadic Adjustment ScaleR-DAS. Los datos fueron analizados de forma diádica a través del Actor Partner Interdependence Model-APIM e indicaron que la comunicación negativa produce un impacto superior a la comunicación abierta en el ajuste conyugal de maridos y esposas, pues provocó los efectos actor y socio. La comunicación abierta fue predictora solamente del efecto actor para los esposos y las esposas. Los resultados fueron discutidos a la luz de la literatura científica y en consideración de las posibles implicaciones para el área clínica y para la investigación.

The definition of this construct is one of the most controversial topics in the literature. On the basis of various contributions, marital adjustment can be defined as a multidimensional indicator of the quality of marital relationship. Evolution of the Construct Marital adjustment is one of the most studied dimensions in the couple and family research literature. According to Spanier (1976, p. 15), already by the 1970s, marital adjustment was “probably the most frequently investigated dependent variable in the field”. Also during the last 30 years, family researchers and scholars have maintained a strong interest on marital adjustment, as an outcome (Shriner 2009). The literature on marital adjustment reveals a variety of factors that are related to the dyadic adjustment (e.g., individual aspects like personality traits, irrational beliefs, and dysfunctional emotions Abbasi 2017; Filipović et al. 2016 and relational aspects like romantic attachment and dyadic coping (Young et al. 2017). Over the last decade, a substantial number of studies have focused on the role of personality traits in predicting the quality of adult romantic relationships (Abbasi 2017; Lampis et al. 2018; Rusu et al. 2019).

The aim of the study was to assess the marital adjustment and sexual functions of women working in shifts in healthcare. The population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 152 women working in shifts in a hospital in the city of Adana. The sample of the study consisted of 117 women who met the inclusion criteria (married, active sexual life, not be in menopause, to have no premorbid psychiatric diagnosis) and who agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study was gathered using a “Personal Information Form” which included the descriptive data of the women, a “Sexual Function Index” to assess women’s sexual dysfunctions, and a “Marital Adjustment Test” to assess marital compatibilities of the women. The mean MAT score of women working in shifts in healthcare was 39,32 ± 11,01, suggesting that women had  low marital adjustment. A weak positive and significant relationship was found between sexual functions and marital adjustments of women working in shifts in healthcare (r = 0.382, p < 0.05). Decreasing working hours and workloads women working in shifts, therefore allowing women to have a more active role at home, and allowing them to improve their marital relationships is suggested.&nbsp

The aim of the study was to assess the marital adjustment and sexual functions of women working in shifts in healthcare. The population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 152 women working in shifts in a hospital in the city of Adana. The sample of the study consisted of 117 women who met the inclusion criteria (married, active sexual life, not be in menopause, to have no premorbid psychiatric diagnosis) and who agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study was gathered using a “Personal Information Form” which included the descriptive data of the women, a “Sexual Function Index” to assess women’s sexual dysfunctions, and a “Marital Adjustment Test” to assess marital compatibilities of the women. The mean MAT score of women working in shifts in healthcare was 39,32 ± 11,01, suggesting that women had  low marital adjustment. A weak positive and significant relationship was found between sexual functions and marital adjustments of women working in shifts in healthcare (r = 0.382, p < 0.05). Decreasing working hours and workloads women working in shifts, therefore allowing women to have a more active role at home, and allowing them to improve their marital relationships is suggested.&nbsp

NTR, Bu çalışmanın amacı çiftlerin çatışma çözüm stillerini ölçmek amacıyla geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla 2 ayrı çalışma yürütülmüştür. İlk çalışmada, romantik ilişki yaşayan ya da evli kişilerle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hem bu mülakatlardan oluşturulan maddeler, hem de alanda uzman kişiler tarafından ilgili yazın incelenerek eklenen maddelerle geniş bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Romantik ilişki yaşayan 200 katılımcıyla (Ort.yaş = 23.13, S.yaş = 2.96) yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre ÇÇSÖ için dört faktörlü yapının uygun olduğunu gözlenmiştir. Bu boyutlar, olumsuz çatışma çözme stili, olumlu çatışma çözme stili, boyun eğme ve geri çekilme olarak tanımlanmıştır. İkinci çalışmada ise 140 evli çiftten (280 kişi; Ort.yaş = 38.09, S.yaş= 10.35) veri toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ölçeğin faktör yapısı hem açımlayıcı hem de doğrulayıcı faktör analizleriyle test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler ve ilgili değişkenlerle olan korelasyonları incelendiğinde, ÇÇSÖ'nün çatışma çözüm stillerini ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu bulunmuştur, The aim of the current study is to test the reliability and validity of the 'Conflict Resolution Styles Scale' (CRSS), which was developed by the researchers. For this aim, two studies have been conducted. In the first study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who are either married or involved in romantic relationship. A large item pool was generated with the items developed from the interviews and the items developed by the authors after reviewing the related literature. Exploratory factor analysis with 200 dating participants (Mage=23.13, SDage =2.96) revealed that four factor solution is suitable for the CRSS. These factors were named as negative conflict resolution style, positive conflict resolution style, subordination, and retreat. In order to confirm the factor structure of the scale, 140 married couples (280 individuals; Mage =38.09, SDage =10.35) were participated to the second study. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the factor structure of the scale. The results of these analyses and the correlations with the related variables showed that CRSS was reliable and valid measurement tool in the assessment of the conflict resolution styles.

NTR, Bu çalışmanın amacı çiftlerin çatışma çözüm stillerini ölçmek amacıyla geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla 2 ayrı çalışma yürütülmüştür. İlk çalışmada, romantik ilişki yaşayan ya da evli kişilerle yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hem bu mülakatlardan oluşturulan maddeler, hem de alanda uzman kişiler tarafından ilgili yazın incelenerek eklenen maddelerle geniş bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Romantik ilişki yaşayan 200 katılımcıyla (Ort.yaş = 23.13, S.yaş = 2.96) yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre ÇÇSÖ için dört faktörlü yapının uygun olduğunu gözlenmiştir. Bu boyutlar, olumsuz çatışma çözme stili, olumlu çatışma çözme stili, boyun eğme ve geri çekilme olarak tanımlanmıştır. İkinci çalışmada ise 140 evli çiftten (280 kişi; Ort.yaş = 38.09, S.yaş= 10.35) veri toplanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ölçeğin faktör yapısı hem açımlayıcı hem de doğrulayıcı faktör analizleriyle test edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler ve ilgili değişkenlerle olan korelasyonları incelendiğinde, ÇÇSÖ'nün çatışma çözüm stillerini ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu bulunmuştur, The aim of the current study is to test the reliability and validity of the 'Conflict Resolution Styles Scale' (CRSS), which was developed by the researchers. For this aim, two studies have been conducted. In the first study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who are either married or involved in romantic relationship. A large item pool was generated with the items developed from the interviews and the items developed by the authors after reviewing the related literature. Exploratory factor analysis with 200 dating participants (Mage=23.13, SDage =2.96) revealed that four factor solution is suitable for the CRSS. These factors were named as negative conflict resolution style, positive conflict resolution style, subordination, and retreat. In order to confirm the factor structure of the scale, 140 married couples (280 individuals; Mage =38.09, SDage =10.35) were participated to the second study. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the factor structure of the scale. The results of these analyses and the correlations with the related variables showed that CRSS was reliable and valid measurement tool in the assessment of the conflict resolution styles.

The aim of the study was to assess the marital adjustment and sexual functions of women working in shifts in healthcare. The population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 152 women working in shifts in a hospital in the city of Adana. The sample of the study consisted of 117 women who met the inclusion criteria (married, active sexual life, not be in menopause, to have no premorbid psychiatric diagnosis) and who agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study was gathered using a “Personal Information Form” which included the descriptive data of the women, a “Sexual Function Index” to assess women’s sexual dysfunctions, and a “Marital Adjustment Test” to assess marital compatibilities of the women. The mean MAT score of women working in shifts in healthcare was 39,32 ± 11,01, suggesting that women had  low marital adjustment. A weak positive and significant relationship was found between sexual functions and marital adjustments of women working in shifts in healthcare (r = 0.382, p < 0.05). Decreasing working hours and workloads women working in shifts, therefore allowing women to have a more active role at home, and allowing them to improve their marital relationships is suggested.&nbsp

The aim of the study was to assess the marital adjustment and sexual functions of women working in shifts in healthcare. The population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 152 women working in shifts in a hospital in the city of Adana. The sample of the study consisted of 117 women who met the inclusion criteria (married, active sexual life, not be in menopause, to have no premorbid psychiatric diagnosis) and who agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study was gathered using a “Personal Information Form” which included the descriptive data of the women, a “Sexual Function Index” to assess women’s sexual dysfunctions, and a “Marital Adjustment Test” to assess marital compatibilities of the women. The mean MAT score of women working in shifts in healthcare was 39,32 ± 11,01, suggesting that women had  low marital adjustment. A weak positive and significant relationship was found between sexual functions and marital adjustments of women working in shifts in healthcare (r = 0.382, p < 0.05). Decreasing working hours and workloads women working in shifts, therefore allowing women to have a more active role at home, and allowing them to improve their marital relationships is suggested.&nbsp

A Couple in early marriage, should be able to adjust each of their expectation, roles, traits, and family of origin. Navy’s wives have to encounter a set of marital adjustment that different from the other couple in general because the cycle of deployment and reunion of their husband. This study aims to describe marital adjustment problems of navy’s wives and factors that contribute to marital adjustment. This is quantitative and qualitative study, using dyadic adjustment scale, psychological tests, and interview methods that processed using statistic and thematic. These participants are navy’s wives, length of married is below five years, and their husband experienced deployment cycle. The results of this study are participants have a marital adjustment problems in general and marital adjustment problems about deployment-reunion cycle that affected by factor personality and irrational expectancy. System support are needed for navy’s wives and family to reduce the negative effects during the deployment. Prepare program before married that consist psychologist aspects are needed to anticipate marital adjustment problems for navy’s wives

A Couple in early marriage, should be able to adjust each of their expectation, roles, traits, and family of origin. Navy’s wives have to encounter a set of marital adjustment that different from the other couple in general because the cycle of deployment and reunion of their husband. This study aims to describe marital adjustment problems of navy’s wives and factors that contribute to marital adjustment. This is quantitative and qualitative study, using dyadic adjustment scale, psychological tests, and interview methods that processed using statistic and thematic. These participants are navy’s wives, length of married is below five years, and their husband experienced deployment cycle. The results of this study are participants have a marital adjustment problems in general and marital adjustment problems about deployment-reunion cycle that affected by factor personality and irrational expectancy. System support are needed for navy’s wives and family to reduce the negative effects during the deployment. Prepare program before married that consist psychologist aspects are needed to anticipate marital adjustment problems for navy’s wives

The aim of the study was to assess the marital adjustment and sexual functions of women working in shifts in healthcare. The population of this descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 152 women working in shifts in a hospital in the city of Adana. The sample of the study consisted of 117 women who met the inclusion criteria (married, active sexual life, not be in menopause, to have no premorbid psychiatric diagnosis) and who agreed to participate in the study. The data of the study was gathered using a “Personal Information Form” which included the descriptive data of the women, a “Sexual Function Index” to assess women’s sexual dysfunctions, and a “Marital Adjustment Test” to assess marital compatibilities of the women. The mean MAT score of women working in shifts in healthcare was 39,32 ± 11,01, suggesting that women had  low marital adjustment. A weak positive and significant relationship was found between sexual functions and marital adjustments of women working in shifts in healthcare (r = 0.382, p < 0.05). Decreasing working hours and workloads women working in shifts, therefore allowing women to have a more active role at home, and allowing them to improve their marital relationships is suggested.&nbsp

Purpose: An extensive pressure arose by work environment or by family environment resulted as work-family conflict. Occurrences of such conflicts are observed when employees experienced interference of work to family and family to work. Keeping the literature available on effects of work-family conflict in relationship to job satisfaction and marital adjustment, this study was designed to investigate the mediating role played by work family conflict between the relationship of job satisfaction and marital adjustment among paramedical staff. Another aim of this study was to explore the relationship among three variables. Furthermore, it was aimed to find out if there are any differences on gender or other demographical variables.  A sample of 100 employees was taken from Jhang and Faisalabad city. Instruments for measuring Work family developed by Netemeyer et al. (1996), job satisfaction developed by Paul E. Spector, (1994), and adapted and translated by Shazad, (2011) were used. Dyadic adjustment scale developed by Spanier, (1976) and adapted and translated into Urdu by Naseer (2000) were also used. Results revealed positive correlation between work to family and family to work conflict, while negative with marital adjustment and job satisfaction. The regression analysis showed Job satisfaction contributed 29% and family to work contributed 27% in predicting marital adjustment. Significant gender differences were found. The results of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) found significant mediating role of work to family conflict and family to work conflict.

The meaning of marriage is not just a meeting of two individuals, but also a cultural encounter behind both. To achieve success marital couples should make the process of cultural adjustment. This study aimed to describe the profile of cultural adjustment in the marital from aspects of thoughts, feelings, and actions of the husband or wife to her lover. The method used is descriptive method with quantitative approach. These samples included 50 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed based on the ordinal scale. Data analysis using Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results showed cultural adjustment in marriage at all respondents have achieved well adjustment. This conclusion is supported by data that measured three aspects of the figure level adjustment respondents as follows: 61 percent thought aspect, the aspect of feeling 84 percent, and 71 percent of the action aspects.

Purpose: An extensive pressure arose by work environment or by family environment resulted as work-family conflict. Occurrences of such conflicts are observed when employees experienced interference of work to family and family to work. Keeping the literature available on effects of work-family conflict in relationship to job satisfaction and marital adjustment, this study was designed to investigate the mediating role played by work family conflict between the relationship of job satisfaction and marital adjustment among paramedical staff. Another aim of this study was to explore the relationship among three variables. Furthermore, it was aimed to find out if there are any differences on gender or other demographical variables.  A sample of 100 employees was taken from Jhang and Faisalabad city. Instruments for measuring Work family developed by Netemeyer et al. (1996), job satisfaction developed by Paul E. Spector, (1994), and adapted and translated by Shazad, (2011) were used. Dyadic adjustment scale developed by Spanier, (1976) and adapted and translated into Urdu by Naseer (2000) were also used. Results revealed positive correlation between work to family and family to work conflict, while negative with marital adjustment and job satisfaction. The regression analysis showed Job satisfaction contributed 29% and family to work contributed 27% in predicting marital adjustment. Significant gender differences were found. The results of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) found significant mediating role of work to family conflict and family to work conflict.

Purpose: An extensive pressure arose by work environment or by family environment resulted as work-family conflict. Occurrences of such conflicts are observed when employees experienced interference of work to family and family to work. Keeping the literature available on effects of work-family conflict in relationship to job satisfaction and marital adjustment, this study was designed to investigate the mediating role played by work family conflict between the relationship of job satisfaction and marital adjustment among paramedical staff. Another aim of this study was to explore the relationship among three variables. Furthermore, it was aimed to find out if there are any differences on gender or other demographical variables.  A sample of 100 employees was taken from Jhang and Faisalabad city. Instruments for measuring Work family developed by Netemeyer et al. (1996), job satisfaction developed by Paul E. Spector, (1994), and adapted and translated by Shazad, (2011) were used. Dyadic adjustment scale developed by Spanier, (1976) and adapted and translated into Urdu by Naseer (2000) were also used. Results revealed positive correlation between work to family and family to work conflict, while negative with marital adjustment and job satisfaction. The regression analysis showed Job satisfaction contributed 29% and family to work contributed 27% in predicting marital adjustment. Significant gender differences were found. The results of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) found significant mediating role of work to family conflict and family to work conflict.

Purpose: An extensive pressure arose by work environment or by family environment resulted as work-family conflict. Occurrences of such conflicts are observed when employees experienced interference of work to family and family to work. Keeping the literature available on effects of work-family conflict in relationship to job satisfaction and marital adjustment, this study was designed to investigate the mediating role played by work family conflict between the relationship of job satisfaction and marital adjustment among paramedical staff. Another aim of this study was to explore the relationship among three variables. Furthermore, it was aimed to find out if there are any differences on gender or other demographical variables.  A sample of 100 employees was taken from Jhang and Faisalabad city. Instruments for measuring Work family developed by Netemeyer et al. (1996), job satisfaction developed by Paul E. Spector, (1994), and adapted and translated by Shazad, (2011) were used. Dyadic adjustment scale developed by Spanier, (1976) and adapted and translated into Urdu by Naseer (2000) were also used. Results revealed positive correlation between work to family and family to work conflict, while negative with marital adjustment and job satisfaction. The regression analysis showed Job satisfaction contributed 29% and family to work contributed 27% in predicting marital adjustment. Significant gender differences were found. The results of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) found significant mediating role of work to family conflict and family to work conflict.

This study aimed to formulate and test a thorough and comprehensive model that explains how irrational beliefs and dysfunctional emotions of partners affect marital adjustment. Unlike previous research that examined the direct association of irrational cognitions and marital disturbance, we hypothesized that emotionsanger, depression, and anxietyhave a mediatory role in the relationship between irrational cognitions and marital adjustment of both partners. We also hypothesized that dysfunctional emotions of one partner affect the perceived marital adjustment of the other partner. The model was tested on nonclinical sample of 100 couples (N = 200). The results of structural equation modeling support the model. We found that irrational beliefs lead to dysfunctional emotions, which further affect the perceived marital adjustment of both partners. However, on examining the partners' mutual effect, it was found that only dysfunctional emotions of the males affect females' perceived marital adjustment but not vice versa.

This study aimed to formulate and test a thorough and comprehensive model that explains how irrational beliefs and dysfunctional emotions of partners affect marital adjustment. Unlike previous research that examined the direct association of irrational cognitions and marital disturbance, we hypothesized that emotionsanger, depression, and anxietyhave a mediatory role in the relationship between irrational cognitions and marital adjustment of both partners. We also hypothesized that dysfunctional emotions of one partner affect the perceived marital adjustment of the other partner. The model was tested on nonclinical sample of 100 couples (N = 200). The results of structural equation modeling support the model. We found that irrational beliefs lead to dysfunctional emotions, which further affect the perceived marital adjustment of both partners. However, on examining the partners' mutual effect, it was found that only dysfunctional emotions of the males affect females' perceived marital adjustment but not vice versa.

Aim of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Parenting Alliance Measure (PAM). Participants were 350 mothers and 350 fathers of children (49.3% girls) aged 1-15 years. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to individuate the dimensionality of Italian PAM. The scale’s internal consistency and invariance over mothers and fathers were examined. The scale’s concurrent validity was explored by investigating the associations of PAM dimensions with parenting stress and children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. In a subsample of 175 couples of parents we also explored the associations among PAM dimensions with marital adjustment. A 2-factor structure model was the most effective PAM structure for both mothers and fathers. This solution obtained the partial scalar invariance over mothers and fathers and internal validity of the scale was confirmed. The dimension Communication and Team Work was the most associated with all the other variables in the expected directions, for both parents.

Children's diseases can negatively impact marital adjustment and contribute to poorer child health outcomes. To cope with increased marital stress and childhood diseases severity, many people turn to spirituality. While most studies show a positive relationship between spirituality and marital adjustment, spirituality has typically been measured only in terms of individual behaviors. Using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and Daily Phone Diary data from a sample of 126 parents of children with cystic fibrosis as a context for increased marital stress, spiritual behavior of mother-father dyads and of whole families were used as predictors of marital adjustment. Frequency and duration of individual, dyadic and familial spiritual activities correlated positively with dyadic adjustment. Significant differences in spiritual activities existed between couples with marital adjustment scores above and below the cutoff for distress. The only significant factors in regressions of spiritual activities on marital adjustment scores were number of pulmonary exacerbations and parent age. Higher odds of maintaining a marital adjustment score greater than 100 were significantly associated with spending approximately twelve minutes per day in individual, but not conjugal or familial, spiritual activities. The Daily Phone Diary is a feasible tool to study conjugal and familial activities and their relationships with beliefs and attitudes, including spirituality.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating or moderating effects of parenting alliance on the relationship between marital adjustment, as represented by the dimensions dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, and affectional expression, and maternal and paternal stress. Design. Self-report data were gathered from 236 Italian families (236 mothers: M = 40.9; SD = 4.4 and 236 fathers: M = 42.9; SD = 4.8 of children aged 6–11 years (M = 8.6; SD = 1.7). A set of regression analyses were conducted to examine whether parenting alliance mediates or moderates the relationship between marital adjustment and parenting stress. Results. Regression analyses were consistent with a model of coparenting as a mediator but not as a moderator of the relationship between marital adjustment and parenting stress. Conclusion. In the case of mothers, parenting alliance mediates the relationships between two dimensions of marital adjustment (dyadic consensus and dyadic cohesion) on parenting stress; in the case of fathers, parenting alliance serves as a mediator of the relationship between the marital adjustment (in terms of dyadic satisfaction) and parenting stress. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas., This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas., This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas., This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas., This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas., This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación con una muestra de mujeres casadas y con hijos (un grupo control y un grupo de pacientes depresivas). Se evaluó en ambos grupos y en la muestra global la asociación entre la intimidad y distintos aspectos del poder en la pareja, por un lado, con el nivel de satisfacción marital y el nivel de sintomatología depresiva, teniendo en cuenta también la influencia de otras variables psicosociales habitualmente vinculadas a la depresión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia del grado de intimidad y de todos los aspectos referentes al poder en la relación (recursos educativos y laborales, estrategias de comunicación, reparto de tareas y decisiones y grado de equidad o igualdad) a la hora de explicar las vivencias depresivas de las mujeres. Finalmente se exponen las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados para el trabajo psicoterapéutico con mujeres o con parejas., This article presents a research conducted with a Spanish sample of married women with children (divided into a community group and a clinical group of depressed patients). The goal of the research was to evaluate in the global sample and in both groups the association between marital intimacy and several aspects of marital power, on one hand, with the level of marital adjustment and depressive symptomatology. Several psychosocial variables usually associated with depressive symptomatology were also assessed. The results establish a strong and significant association between the level of intimacy and the different aspects of marital power (educational and economic resources, communication strategies, the division of tasks and decision making, and the degree of equity and equality) with the depressive symptomatology of women. Clinical implications for individual or couples psychotherapy are drawn from these results.

This study explored the individual and dyadic coping processes of men and women in infertile couples and their relationship to infertility stress, marital adjustment, and depression. Study participants were comprised of 1,026 men and women (420 of which were couples) who were referred to a university-affiliated teaching hospital for advanced reproductive treatments between the years of 1991 and 2001. Three months prior to treatment, participants completed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Findings from the study showed that escape avoidance, accepting responsibility, and self controlling were strongly related to increased stress, depression, and decreased marital adjustment for both men and women; while seeking social support was related to increased marital adjustment. Multivariate analyses of variance and covariance consistently showed that participants in four groups of couples who used high and low amounts of coping differed in their reports of infertility stress, marital adjustment, and depression. In addition, gender differences were found, with females consistently reporting greater levels of stress and depression than males. Several significant couple pairings among the four groups were found. Clinical implications linking study findings with marital and family therapies and ideas for future research are discussed.

Graduate school for most students can be quite stressful. When combined with the responsibility of being a spouse, parent, and/or employee, the stress is elevated. Research has indicated that the greatest area of discord for married graduate students and their nonstudent spouses is communication. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a relationship enhancement program on the marital adjustment of graduate students and their spouses. The sample consisted of 28 married graduate students and their nonstudent spouses. These couples were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups or a control group. Some of the treatment group participants received one-on-one training by a therapist certified in Relationship Enhancement (RE while others received the training through an RE self-study manual (Guerney, 1987). Marital adjustment was measured pre and post test to intervention by the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (Locke & Wallace, 1959). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between treatment group and control group as measured by scores of marital adjustment. This study also provides suggestions for how institutions of higher education can provide support to married students and their spouses on college campuses.

Recent studies have shown that the experience of infertility is linked with emotional responses such as depression, anxiety, guilt, social isolation, and decreased self-esteem in both men and women. This study explored the impact of congruence between couples' infertility-related stress and its effects on depression and marital adjustment in infertile men and women. Study participants were comprised of 525 couples referred to a university-affiliated teaching hospital for assessment and treatment with advanced reproductive technologies. Participants completed the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) three months prior to their first treatment cycle. The impact of differences between couples' perceptions of infertility-related stress were examined in relation to their effect on individual levels of depression and marital adjustment in both men and women. Results showed that differences between couple's evaluations of infertility-related stress were predictive of female depression, but not male depression. Women in couples who reported high levels of congruence (e.g., agreement) concerning the impact of infertility-related stress had significantly lower levels of depression when compared to couples in which females experienced a greater amount of stress than their partners. In terms of marital adjustment, men and women in couples who reported high levels of congruence concerning the impact of infertility-related stress reported significantly higher levels of adjustment when compared to couples who differed in their appraisals of the stress. Treatment implications based on these findings and future research directions are discussed.

Hostility and anger have long been shown to be predictive of negative psychological, interpersonal and physical outcomes. Much of the literature, has focused on hostility as a state rather than a personality trait and has not attempted to explicate the link between embittered personality and depression. To achieve these goals, a newly created measure called the Resentful Embittered Personality Scale (REPS) was evaluated in detail. First, the literature examining the construct of embitterment and hostility was reviewed, its links with depression was explained, and unpublished pilot data were reviewed. Next, the psychometric properties, convergent and divergent validity, and reliability of the REPS were evaluated in the first study by exploring correlations with the NEO-FFI and other specific personality constructs and measures of hostility and distress. The second study evaluated the REPS with the larger measure of general personality, the NEO-PI-R, to further understand the nuances of these relationships between the REPS and the specific facets from the Big Five measure of personality. The focus of the third study was to examine the REPS with respect to both well-being and distress along with measures of stress. Finally, the fourth study examined the predictive validity of the REPS with respect to dyadic adjustment and depression six months later, after the birth of their first child. Results showed that the REPS was a valid and reliable measure and that the construct’s associations with certain factors of the NEO-PI R suggested that it reflected a highly ego-defensive and interpersonally sensitive personality style that likely functioned to set up a self-fulfilling prophecy of expected and elicited interpersonally conflictual exchanges. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses found that the REPS predicted both main and interactive effects of psychological distress and well-being over and above other personality and stress measures. Finally, embittered personality