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[EN] An analysis was made of the transport and fate of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in productive soils from the Alto Valle of the Rio Negro in Argentine Patagonia. The climate of the region is arid, so traditional fruit production is under flood irrigation. The soils in the floodplain are predominantly Aridisols with textures ranging from sandy loam to clay loam. The calibration was performed with water table data and chlorpyrifos concentration in the soil horizons. Field experiments made with Brilliant Blue FCF at the profile scale enabled the parametrisation of the dual-permeability model MACRO. The model calibration was evaluated by a comparison of observed and simulated data and statistics. The simulation of the groundwater table depth was satisfactory and the chlorpyrifos leaching revealed a different pattern in the two soil types studied. The sandy loam texture soil produced more percolation of irrigation water, but the clay loam soil produced greater leaching of chlorpyrifos under similar application conditions, presumably due to preferential flow under non-equilibrium conditions. Productive management alternatives to reduce leaching into the underlying unconfined aquifer were simulated. Among these, the incorporation of organic matter was the best alternative.

[EN] An analysis was made of the transport and fate of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos in productive soils from the Alto Valle of the Rio Negro in Argentine Patagonia. The climate of the region is arid, so traditional fruit production is under flood irrigation. The soils in the floodplain are predominantly Aridisols with textures ranging from sandy loam to clay loam. The calibration was performed with water table data and chlorpyrifos concentration in the soil horizons. Field experiments made with Brilliant Blue FCF at the profile scale enabled the parametrisation of the dual-permeability model MACRO. The model calibration was evaluated by a comparison of observed and simulated data and statistics. The simulation of the groundwater table depth was satisfactory and the chlorpyrifos leaching revealed a different pattern in the two soil types studied. The sandy loam texture soil produced more percolation of irrigation water, but the clay loam soil produced greater leaching of chlorpyrifos under similar application conditions, presumably due to preferential flow under non-equilibrium conditions. Productive management alternatives to reduce leaching into the underlying unconfined aquifer were simulated. Among these, the incorporation of organic matter was the best alternative.

The dissipation and persistence of two cereals herbicides, chlorotoluron and flufenacet, were studied in a field experiment including three replicated plots of unamended soil (S), soil amended with spent mushroom substrate (S + SMS), and soil amended with green compost (S + GC), during the winter wheat cultivation campaign. The SMS and GC organic residues were applied to the soil at rates of 140 or 85 t residue ha−1, and herbicides were sprayed as Erturon® and Herold® formulations for chlorotoluron and flufenacet, respectively. Concentrations of both herbicides and of their metabolites were regularly measured in the three soil treatments (0–10 cm) from 0 to 339 days. The dissipation kinetics fitted well the single first order (SFO) model, except that of chlorotoluron that fitted the first order multi-compartment (FOMC) model better in the unamended soil. The dissipation rates of herbicides were lower in amended than in unamended soils. The results also showed that the DT50 of chlorotoluron (66.2–88.0 days) and flufenacet (117–145 days) under field conditions were higher than those previously obtained at laboratory scale highlighting the importance of the changing environmental conditions on the dissipation process. Similarly, the formation of chlorotoluron and flufenacet metabolites under field conditions was different from that previously observed in the laboratory. The performance of the MACRO pesticide fate model, parameterized with laboratory data, was then tested against field data. There was a very good agreement between measured and simulated chlorotoluron residue levels in the three soil treatments, while the ability of the model to reproduce the dissipation of flufenacet was good in the unamended soil and very good in S + SMS and S + GC soils. MACRO might be used to estimate the remaining amounts of herbicides in amended soils from degradation data previously obtained at laboratory scale. This would help to manage herbicide doses in different environmental

в данной статье рассматриваются вопросы автоматизированного проектирования РЭС специального назначения, включая процедуры 3D-моделирования, многовариантного анализа и оптимизации конструкции на основе применения САПР. Выбор среды проектирования ProEngineer обусловлен её характеристиками как системы верхнего уровня, информационно совместимой с наиболее перспективными САПР, а также широким набором функций по анализу и оптимизации конструкции., this article deals with the computer-aided design REС for special purpose, including 3D-modeling procedures, multivariate analysis and optimization of the design based on CAD application. Choice of design environment ProEngineer is stipulated by its characteristics as a top-level system, the informationally compatible with the most promising CAD, as well as a wide range of functions for the analysis and design optimization.

в данной статье рассматриваются вопросы автоматизированного проектирования РЭС специального назначения, включая процедуры 3D-моделирования, многовариантного анализа и оптимизации конструкции на основе применения САПР. Выбор среды проектирования ProEngineer обусловлен её характеристиками как системы верхнего уровня, информационно совместимой с наиболее перспективными САПР, а также широким набором функций по анализу и оптимизации конструкции., this article deals with the computer-aided design REС for special purpose, including 3D-modeling procedures, multivariate analysis and optimization of the design based on CAD application. Choice of design environment ProEngineer is stipulated by its characteristics as a top-level system, the informationally compatible with the most promising CAD, as well as a wide range of functions for the analysis and design optimization.

в данной статье рассматриваются вопросы автоматизированного проектирования РЭС специального назначения, включая процедуры 3D-моделирования, многовариантного анализа и оптимизации конструкции на основе применения САПР. Выбор среды проектирования ProEngineer обусловлен её характеристиками как системы верхнего уровня, информационно совместимой с наиболее перспективными САПР, а также широким набором функций по анализу и оптимизации конструкции., this article deals with the computer-aided design REС for special purpose, including 3D-modeling procedures, multivariate analysis and optimization of the design based on CAD application. Choice of design environment ProEngineer is stipulated by its characteristics as a top-level system, the informationally compatible with the most promising CAD, as well as a wide range of functions for the analysis and design optimization.

In this work provides an overview and comparative analysis of existing software for simulation of power systems MicroGrid. Based on comparative analysis determined that for a relatively small scale MicroGrid no adequate software for modeling the power consumption of the system. Thus, the authors have proposed appropriate software and are its modular structure. Showing the relationship between software modules. Identified seven core modules, each of which represents a specific set of functions to perform tasks assigned to the software. The description of each main module, namely its functionality. The authors paid particular attention to the module that provides the process macromodelling. Showing stages of the process and parameters that affect the terms and simulation results, based on which the proposed use advanced algebra of structural numbers. It was also shown a relationship between the module and the module macromodelling interaction with the PLC communication environment. This is necessary because the relationship is realized directly control devices that are in the PLC communication environment.References 6, figures 2., В данной работе приведен обзор и сравнительный анализ существующих программных про-дуктов для моделирования системы электропитания MicroGrid. На основании сравнительного анализа определено, что для MicroGrid относительно небольшого масштаба отсутствует адекватное программное обеспечение для проведения моделирования мощности потребления компонентов системы. Таким образом, авторами было предложено соответствующее про-граммное обеспечение и приведена его модульная структура. Показаны взаимосвязи между мо-дулями программного обеспечения. Определены семь основных модулей, каждый из которых представляет определенный набор функций для выполнения поставленных перед ПО задач. Приведено описание каждого основного модуля, а именно его функциональное назначение. Авто-рами было уделено особое внимание на модуль, обеспечивающий процесс макромоделирования. Показаны этапы данного процесса и параметры, от которых зависят условия и результаты моделирования, в основу которого предложено использовать расширенную алгебру структур-ных чисел. Также была показана взаимосвязь между модулем макромоделирования и модулем взаимодействия с коммуникационной средой PLC. Данныая взаимосвязь необходима, поскольку реализуется непосредственное управление устройствами, находящимися в PLC коммуникаци-онной среде.Библ. 6, рис. 2., У статті наведено порівняльний аналіз існуючих програмних продуктів для моделювання систем електроживлення MicroGrid та запропоноване програмне забезпечення для MicroGrid масштабу житлового будинку з системою розподіленої генерації (відновлювальні та альтернативні джерела енергії). Наведено модульну структуру та показано взаємозв’язки між модулями програмного забезпечення. Для кожного з основних модулів наведено опис та функціональне призначення. Окрему увагу приділено модулю представлення структури MicroGrid за допомогою математичного апарату структурних чисел. Показано роль модуля комунікації на основі Power Line Communication (PLC).Бібл. 6, Рис. 2.

In this paper, we develop a macro traffic flow model with consideration of varying road conditions. Our analytical and numerical results illustrate that good road condition can enhance the speed and flow of uniform traffic flow whereas bad road condition will reduce the speed and flow. The numerical results also show that good road condition can smooth shock wave and improve the stability of traffic flow whereas bad road condition will lead to steeper shock wave and reduce the stability of traffic flow. Our results are also qualitatively accordant with empirical results, which implies that the proposed model can qualitatively describe the effects of road conditions on traffic flow. These results can guide traffic engineers to improve the road quality in traffic engineering.

This paper reports the experimental results of reinforced concrete L-shaped section shear walls that has the maximum load before longitudinal bar of boundary column yields. The stress transfer mechanism of L-shaped section shear wall is discussed and the ultimate strength equation of L-shaped section shear walls is derived. The calculated value by the equation proposed in this paper agrees well with the test results.

Applied Sciences

Applied Sciences