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[EN] Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has shown promising results for cartilage repair, combining cultured chondrocytes and hydrogels, including alginate. The ability of chondrocytes for MACI is limited by different factors including donor site morbidity, dedifferentiation, limited lifespan or poor proliferation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells could represent an alternative for cartilage regeneration. In this study, we propose a MACI scaffold consisting of a mixed alginate-agarose hydrogel in combination with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), suitable for cartilage regeneration. Scaffolds were characterized according to their rheological properties, and their histomorphometric and molecular biology results. Agarose significantly improved the biomechanical behavior of the alginate scaffolds. Large scaffolds were manufactured, and a homogeneous distribution of cells was observed within them. Although primary chondrocytes showed a greater capacity for chondrogenic differentiation, hDPSCs cultured in the scaffolds formed large aggregates of cells, acquired a rounded morphology and expressed high amounts of type II collagen and aggrecan. Cells cultured in the scaffolds expressed not only chondral matrix-related genes, but also remodeling proteins and chondrocyte differentiation factors. The degree of differentiation of cells was proportional to the number and size of the cell aggregates that were formed in the hydrogels.

[EN] Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has shown promising results for cartilage repair, combining cultured chondrocytes and hydrogels, including alginate. The ability of chondrocytes for MACI is limited by different factors including donor site morbidity, dedifferentiation, limited lifespan or poor proliferation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells could represent an alternative for cartilage regeneration. In this study, we propose a MACI scaffold consisting of a mixed alginate-agarose hydrogel in combination with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), suitable for cartilage regeneration. Scaffolds were characterized according to their rheological properties, and their histomorphometric and molecular biology results. Agarose significantly improved the biomechanical behavior of the alginate scaffolds. Large scaffolds were manufactured, and a homogeneous distribution of cells was observed within them. Although primary chondrocytes showed a greater capacity for chondrogenic differentiation, hDPSCs cultured in the scaffolds formed large aggregates of cells, acquired a rounded morphology and expressed high amounts of type II collagen and aggrecan. Cells cultured in the scaffolds expressed not only chondral matrix-related genes, but also remodeling proteins and chondrocyte differentiation factors. The degree of differentiation of cells was proportional to the number and size of the cell aggregates that were formed in the hydrogels.

[EN] Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has shown promising results for cartilage repair, combining cultured chondrocytes and hydrogels, including alginate. The ability of chondrocytes for MACI is limited by different factors including donor site morbidity, dedifferentiation, limited lifespan or poor proliferation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells could represent an alternative for cartilage regeneration. In this study, we propose a MACI scaffold consisting of a mixed alginate-agarose hydrogel in combination with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), suitable for cartilage regeneration. Scaffolds were characterized according to their rheological properties, and their histomorphometric and molecular biology results. Agarose significantly improved the biomechanical behavior of the alginate scaffolds. Large scaffolds were manufactured, and a homogeneous distribution of cells was observed within them. Although primary chondrocytes showed a greater capacity for chondrogenic differentiation, hDPSCs cultured in the scaffolds formed large aggregates of cells, acquired a rounded morphology and expressed high amounts of type II collagen and aggrecan. Cells cultured in the scaffolds expressed not only chondral matrix-related genes, but also remodeling proteins and chondrocyte differentiation factors. The degree of differentiation of cells was proportional to the number and size of the cell aggregates that were formed in the hydrogels.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate levels of consensus in rehabilitation practices following MACI (autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane) treatment based on the experience of an expert panel of U.S. orthopedic surgeons.DesignA list of 24 questions was devised based on the current MACI rehabilitation protocol, literature review, and discussion with orthopedic surgeons. Known areas of variability were used to establish 4 consensus domains, stratified on lesion location (tibiofemoral [TF] or patellofemoral [PF]), including weightbearing (WB), range of motion (ROM), return to work/daily activities of living, and return to sports. A 3-step Delphi technique was used to establish consensus.ResultsConsensus (>75% agreement) was achieved on all 4 consensus domains. Time to full WB was agreed as immediate (with bracing) for PF patients (dependent on concomitant procedures), and 7 to 9 weeks in TF patients. A progression for ROM was agreed that allowed patients to reach 90° by week 4, with subsequent progression as tolerated. The panel estimated that the time to full ROM would be 7 to 9 weeks on average. A range of time was established for release to activities of daily living, work, and sports, dependent on lesion and patient characteristics.ConclusionsGood consensus was established among a panel of U.S. surgeons for rehabilitation practices following MACI treatment of knee cartilage lesions. The consensus of experts can aid surgeons and patients in the expectations and rehabilitation process as MACI surgery becomes more prevalent in the United States.

Cartilage defects in the knee lead to limitations in the daily life of a large group of people in the worldwide population. Research on the treatment of cartilage injuries has lead to various clinical procedures, one of them being Matrix Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI). MACI surgery consist of two procedures. During the first intervention cartilage cells of the patient are first harvested from a healthy chondral area in the knee. The cells are cultivated and during the second procedure, these are implanted in the defect using a collagen scaffold. Exact fitting of the scaffold has shown to be important for the success of the surgery. Currently there is no reproducable method to match the size of the defect and the implant, without the use of overlapping scaffolds or removing excessive helathy cartilage. Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate an instrument designed to arthroscopically create a delimited implantation site in the human knee according to a predefined shape. This shape is used to cut an equally shaped collagen implant to fit in the implantation site. Method. An electronic device, based on a movable nitinol knife that makes a rotational cut was chosen as the best solution to solve this problem. A prototype was build to test to what extent the movement of the knife can be controlled and what forces are acting on the cartilage. The amount of removed healthy cartilage was tested using a virtual test. Results: The mean amount of healthy cartilage that is removed using a predefined outline is 21% compared to an estimated 38% in current methods. The sensor and knife output partially match the prescribed paths, but the first 120 degrees of instrument rotation are not measured. Rotation of the device did not result in slipping of the tip in the cartilage. The knife blade could be inserted into the cartilage with forces lower than 3 Newtons for knife lengths up to 9.6 mm. Making a rotational cut with the instrument was not possible, Biomedical Engineering

Cartilage defects in the knee lead to limitations in the daily life of a large group of people in the worldwide population. Research on the treatment of cartilage injuries has lead to various clinical procedures, one of them being Matrix Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI). MACI surgery consist of two procedures. During the first intervention cartilage cells of the patient are first harvested from a healthy chondral area in the knee. The cells are cultivated and during the second procedure, these are implanted in the defect using a collagen scaffold. Exact fitting of the scaffold has shown to be important for the success of the surgery. Currently there is no reproducable method to match the size of the defect and the implant, without the use of overlapping scaffolds or removing excessive helathy cartilage. Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate an instrument designed to arthroscopically create a delimited implantation site in the human knee according to a predefined shape. This shape is used to cut an equally shaped collagen implant to fit in the implantation site. Method. An electronic device, based on a movable nitinol knife that makes a rotational cut was chosen as the best solution to solve this problem. A prototype was build to test to what extent the movement of the knife can be controlled and what forces are acting on the cartilage. The amount of removed healthy cartilage was tested using a virtual test. Results: The mean amount of healthy cartilage that is removed using a predefined outline is 21% compared to an estimated 38% in current methods. The sensor and knife output partially match the prescribed paths, but the first 120 degrees of instrument rotation are not measured. Rotation of the device did not result in slipping of the tip in the cartilage. The knife blade could be inserted into the cartilage with forces lower than 3 Newtons for knife lengths up to 9.6 mm. Making a rotational cut with the instrument was not possible, Biomedical Engineering

The present investigation raised the objectives to identify and describe the most relevant personality traits in male adolescents in the process of rehabilitation of drug abuse or dependence of substances, also identified the types of drugs frequently consumed, and made the association between the traits and the predominant drug consumption. Attended by 45 young men with a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence, with a process of placement in a rehabilitation center, with ages between 14 and 18 years. For this research data was used: The Clinical Inventory for adolescents, MACI, Spanish adaptation, which conducted the evaluation of the personality and a questionnaire on drug consumption in adolescents to identify the types of drugs that are consumed with greater frequency. The results confirm the existence of dominant personality traits in adolescents, these being the Rebel and Rude traits (antisocial personality). It has also been found a high prevalence of cannabis and cocaine base, substances that are consumed mostly by teenagers with these personality characteristics.

The present investigation raised the objectives to identify and describe the most relevant personality traits in male adolescents in the process of rehabilitation of drug abuse or dependence of substances, also identified the types of drugs frequently consumed, and made the association between the traits and the predominant drug consumption. Attended by 45 young men with a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence, with a process of placement in a rehabilitation center, with ages between 14 and 18 years. For this research data was used: The Clinical Inventory for adolescents, MACI, Spanish adaptation, which conducted the evaluation of the personality and a questionnaire on drug consumption in adolescents to identify the types of drugs that are consumed with greater frequency. The results confirm the existence of dominant personality traits in adolescents, these being the Rebel and Rude traits (antisocial personality). It has also been found a high prevalence of cannabis and cocaine base, substances that are consumed mostly by teenagers with these personality characteristics.

The present investigation raised the objectives to identify and describe the most relevant personality traits in male adolescents in the process of rehabilitation of drug abuse or dependence of substances, also identified the types of drugs frequently consumed, and made the association between the traits and the predominant drug consumption. Attended by 45 young men with a diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence, with a process of placement in a rehabilitation center, with ages between 14 and 18 years. For this research data was used: The Clinical Inventory for adolescents, MACI, Spanish adaptation, which conducted the evaluation of the personality and a questionnaire on drug consumption in adolescents to identify the types of drugs that are consumed with greater frequency. The results confirm the existence of dominant personality traits in adolescents, these being the Rebel and Rude traits (antisocial personality). It has also been found a high prevalence of cannabis and cocaine base, substances that are consumed mostly by teenagers with these personality characteristics.

Background: Among adults, personality traits have been implicated in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs); whether these findings extend to youth is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits of adolescents with EDs.Methods: A case-control approach was performed by comparing a clinical group of female adolescents with EDs (n = 23) to a control group of adolescents in the general community (n = 26) on personality traits of inhibited, self-demeaning, and borderline tendency. Controls were frequency-matched to cases on age and sex, were drawn from a similar geographic catchment area, and observed in the same year as clinical cases. Results: The clinical group demonstrated significantly higher scores on self-demeaning (F(1,47) = 41.39, p < .001, η2 = .075), borderline (F(1,47) = 24.50, p < .001, η2 = .093), and inhibited (F(1,47) = 13.33, p = .001, η2 = .014) personality styles. Adjustment for affective symptomatology diminished the strength of these relationships, but personality pathology still demarcated the group with clinical EDs. Conclusions: The well-established link between personality pathology and EDs in adults generalised to adolescents.

Esta investigación se plantea con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre los estilos educativos percibidos y la psicopatología y la personalidad, tal y como se definen desde el modelo de Millon, en una muestra clínica de adolescentes. Participaron en el estudio 123 pacientes ambulatorios, de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 19 años. Para obtener los datos de esta investigación se ha utilizado, por una parte, la escala ESPA-29, Escala de Estilos de Socialización en la Adolescencia (Musitu y García, 2004), que permitió evaluar los estilos educativos percibidos y las dimensiones subyacentes a tales estilos; y, por otra parte, la escala MACI, Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (Millon, 1993), para la evaluación de la psicopatología y personalidad de los adolescentes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una relación entre la baja aceptación e implicación parental y la depresión adolescente y entre el estilo autoritario y las alteraciones externalizantes, The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived parental styles and psychopathology and personality, as defined by Millon´s model, in a clinical sample of adolescents. One hundred and twenty three outpatients from 12 to 20 years participated. Two different scales were used to obtain the data of this study. On the one hand, the ESPA-29 Scale (Musitu y García, 2004) served to assess parental styles and their underlying dimensions. On the other hand, the MACI Scale (Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory, Millon, 1993) in order to assess the teenagers´ psychopathology and personality. The results obtained show an association between parental low acceptance/involvement and depression, and between authoritarian style and externalizing disorders