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Due to the circumstances of William McKinley's death, Arthur Lynch did not congratulate President Roosevelt on his accession to the presidency. However, he feels that the Roosevelt administration is "the beginning of a vast new development of American history." He encloses an article he wrote about Roosevelt directed at the French public.

(Paris). I will speak on the Transvaal question on July 24. Although I did a good deal of public speaking I now dislike it so I dare say I shall be a failure. Besides I get afraid in the society of clever women. I feel as they were putting intellectual xrays on me. I suppose this feeling is one reason we refuse women the franchise and otherwise make feeble and clumsy attempts to keep them down. If my audience finds me too tiresome, I hope they put the blame on you.

peer-reviewed, This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of peak force in the isometric squat across the strength spectrum using coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). On two separate days, 59 healthy men (mean (SD) age 23.0 (4.1) years; height 1.79 (0.7) m; body mass 84.0 (15.2) kg) performed three maximal effort isometric squats in two positions (at a 120◦ and a 90◦ knee angle). Acceptable reliability was observed at both the 120◦ (CV = 7.5 (6.7), ICC = 0.960 [0.933, 0.977]) and 90◦ positions (CV = 9.2 (8.8), ICC = 0.920 [0.865, 0.953]). There was no relationship between peak force in the isometric squat and the test-retest reliability at either the 120◦ (r = 0.052, p = 0.327) or 90◦ (r = 0.014, p = 0.613) positions. A subgroup of subjects (n = 17) also completed the isometric squat test at a 65◦ knee angle. Acceptable reliability was observed in this position (CV = 9.6 (9.3), ICC = 0.916 [0.766, 0.970]) and reliability was comparable to the 120◦ and 90◦ positions. Therefore, we deem isometric squat peak force output to be a valid and reliable measure across the strength spectrum and in different isometric squat position

peer-reviewed, A number of different tests can be utilised for the measurement of lower body maximal strength. The isometric squat (ISq) is a highly controlled and externally valid test of lower body maximal strength. This research aimed to add to the knowledge base of the overall usefulness of the ISq as a measure of lower body maximal strength. The first experimental study established the reliability of the test at a 120°, 90° and 65° knee angle position; the latter placed subjects in a previously unexplored deep squat position. All positions demonstrated acceptable reliability (≤ 10 % CV, ≥ 0.8 ICC) for maximal (peak isometric force) but not explosive (rate of force development) strength. The characteristics of the ISq suggest it is appropriate to use regardless of an individual’s maximal strength level. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the reliability of the ISq across a heterogeneous sample, covering the entire strength spectrum from untrained individuals to highly trained strength athletes. Similar reliability was evident across the entire sample, with no relationship between ISq strength and reliability. In order to determine the sensitivity of the ISq to measure changes in strength as an outcome, maximal strength changes in response to 6 weeks of ecologically valid strength training were assessed in a group of moderately trained males. The ISq was sensitive to detect changes in maximal strength. Use of a dual force plate ISq apparatus allows for separate individual analysis of the lower limbs; facilitating the monitoring of inter-limb asymmetries. The use of the ISq to detect bilateral vs. unilateral training induced changes in inter-limb asymmetry was assessed in moderately trained males. Both forms of training were effective at reducing inter-limb asymmetries. This thesis documents the overall utility and versatility of the ISq in the context of lower body maximal strength measurement.

peer-reviewed, A number of different tests can be utilised for the measurement of lower body maximal strength. The isometric squat (ISq) is a highly controlled and externally valid test of lower body maximal strength. This research aimed to add to the knowledge base of the overall usefulness of the ISq as a measure of lower body maximal strength. The first experimental study established the reliability of the test at a 120°, 90° and 65° knee angle position; the latter placed subjects in a previously unexplored deep squat position. All positions demonstrated acceptable reliability (≤ 10 % CV, ≥ 0.8 ICC) for maximal (peak isometric force) but not explosive (rate of force development) strength. The characteristics of the ISq suggest it is appropriate to use regardless of an individual’s maximal strength level. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the reliability of the ISq across a heterogeneous sample, covering the entire strength spectrum from untrained individuals to highly trained strength athletes. Similar reliability was evident across the entire sample, with no relationship between ISq strength and reliability. In order to determine the sensitivity of the ISq to measure changes in strength as an outcome, maximal strength changes in response to 6 weeks of ecologically valid strength training were assessed in a group of moderately trained males. The ISq was sensitive to detect changes in maximal strength. Use of a dual force plate ISq apparatus allows for separate individual analysis of the lower limbs; facilitating the monitoring of inter-limb asymmetries. The use of the ISq to detect bilateral vs. unilateral training induced changes in inter-limb asymmetry was assessed in moderately trained males. Both forms of training were effective at reducing inter-limb asymmetries. This thesis documents the overall utility and versatility of the ISq in the context of lower body maximal strength measurement.