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The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), introduced in June 2008, was adopted to achieve a Good Environmental Status (GES) in the EU's marine waters and to protect resources of socio-economic interest. The MSFD exerts to the marine area over which a Member State exercises jurisdictional rights in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), including the deep-sea waters, seafloor and sub-seafloor of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). However, currently the MSFD focuses on coastal habitats and the shallow-water seafloor to the detriment of the deeper habitats. Despite the huge dimension of the deep sea (below 200 m of depth) covering more than 65% of the Earth's surface and including >95% of the global biosphere, the relevance of the dark portion of the seas and oceans is still almost completely neglected. Given the important bi-directional links between shallow and deep ecosystems, there is a clear need for extending the implementation of the MSFD into the deep sea, to define a sound ecosystem-based approach for the management and protection of deep-sea ecosystems and attain GES. We assembled data on drivers, anthropogenic pressures and impacts concerning the MSFD descriptors pertaining to the Mediterranean deep sea. We list deep-sea monitoring activities and the main sources providing benchmark conditions, and discuss knowledge and geographic coverage gaps. MSFD descriptors apply to the deep sea as to coastal waters, and ought to be monitored contemporaneously. We provide recommendations for guidelines for future deep-sea monitoring in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), introduced in June 2008, was adopted to achieve a Good Environmental Status (GES) in the EU's marine waters and to protect resources of socio-economic interest. The MSFD exerts to the marine area over which a Member State exercises jurisdictional rights in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), including the deep-sea waters, seafloor and sub-seafloor of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). However, currently the MSFD focuses on coastal habitats and the shallow-water seafloor to the detriment of the deeper habitats. Despite the huge dimension of the deep sea (below 200 m of depth) covering more than 65% of the Earth's surface and including >95% of the global biosphere, the relevance of the dark portion of the seas and oceans is still almost completely neglected. Given the important bi-directional links between shallow and deep ecosystems, there is a clear need for extending the implementation of the MSFD into the deep sea, to define a sound ecosystem-based approach for the management and protection of deep-sea ecosystems and attain GES. We assembled data on drivers, anthropogenic pressures and impacts concerning the MSFD descriptors pertaining to the Mediterranean deep sea. We list deep-sea monitoring activities and the main sources providing benchmark conditions, and discuss knowledge and geographic coverage gaps. MSFD descriptors apply to the deep sea as to coastal waters, and ought to be monitored contemporaneously. We provide recommendations for guidelines for future deep-sea monitoring in the Mediterranean Sea.

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), introduced in June 2008, was adopted to achieve a Good Environmental Status (GES) in the EU's marine waters and to protect resources of socio-economic interest. The MSFD exerts to the marine area over which a Member State exercises jurisdictional rights in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), including the deep-sea waters, seafloor and sub-seafloor of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). However, currently the MSFD focuses on coastal habitats and the shallow-water seafloor to the detriment of the deeper habitats. Despite the huge dimension of the deep sea (below 200 m of depth) covering more than 65% of the Earth's surface and including >95% of the global biosphere, the relevance of the dark portion of the seas and oceans is still almost completely neglected. Given the important bi-directional links between shallow and deep ecosystems, there is a clear need for extending the implementation of the MSFD into the deep sea, to define a sound ecosystem-based approach for the management and protection of deep-sea ecosystems and attain GES. We assembled data on drivers, anthropogenic pressures and impacts concerning the MSFD descriptors pertaining to the Mediterranean deep sea. We list deep-sea monitoring activities and the main sources providing benchmark conditions, and discuss knowledge and geographic coverage gaps. MSFD descriptors apply to the deep sea as to coastal waters, and ought to be monitored contemporaneously. We provide recommendations for guidelines for future deep-sea monitoring in the Mediterranean Sea.

La harinosidad, tanto en manzana como en melocotón, es una característica sobre la cual el consumidor muestra un completo desconocimiento, como se demuestra en la encuesta realizada a un total de 768 consumidores de Madrid; en la muestra se seleccionaron distintos barrios de la ciudad, varios lugares de compra y personas de diferente sexo y edad para ver cómo influyen estos factores en su comportamiento y en sus preferencias. En general, se observa que el comportamiento del consumidor está guiado por las características sensoriales de una determinada fruta y por su capacidad para identificar visualmente determinadas variedades que gustativamente han resultado de su agrado.

La harinosidad, tanto en manzana como en melocotón, es una característica sobre la cual el consumidor muestra un completo desconocimiento, como se demuestra en la encuesta realizada a un total de 768 consumidores de Madrid; en la muestra se seleccionaron distintos barrios de la ciudad, varios lugares de compra y personas de diferente sexo y edad para ver cómo influyen estos factores en su comportamiento y en sus preferencias. En general, se observa que el comportamiento del consumidor está guiado por las características sensoriales de una determinada fruta y por su capacidad para identificar visualmente determinadas variedades que gustativamente han resultado de su agrado.

La harinosidad de la manzana es un aspecto de difícil definición y apreciación externa por parte del consumidor e incluso del experto, pero que devalúa la calidad del fruto y merma su consumo. En este articulo se resume la investigación de mercado hecha con un enfoque behaviourista entrevistando a 187 fruteros del área de Madrid metropolitano. Se les preguntó por aspectos como el concepto de harinosidad, donde, cuando, por qué. cómo se vende la manzana harinosa. También como se podría evitar y el efecto que tiene la llegada a nuestros mercados de las frutas del Hemisferio Sur

La harinosidad de la manzana es un aspecto de difícil definición y apreciación externa por parte del consumidor e incluso del experto, pero que devalúa la calidad del fruto y merma su consumo. En este articulo se resume la investigación de mercado hecha con un enfoque behaviourista entrevistando a 187 fruteros del área de Madrid metropolitano. Se les preguntó por aspectos como el concepto de harinosidad, donde, cuando, por qué. cómo se vende la manzana harinosa. También como se podría evitar y el efecto que tiene la llegada a nuestros mercados de las frutas del Hemisferio Sur