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Este artículo presenta la metodología llevada a cabo para la elaboración de un inventario preliminar y el análisis de datos del patrimonio industrial inmueble de la Eurociudad del Guadiana. La novedad del trabajo radica en crear estrategias de conocimiento patrimonial a una escala intermunicipal, transnacional y transfronteriza que contempla la memoria industrial de los tres municipios que conforman la Eurociudad. Para ello, hemos utilizado tecnologías SIG que nos ha permitido registrar en una base de datos espacial aspectos históricos, arquitectónicos, antropológicos y físicos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los tres municipios poseen una identidad histórica, cultural y social comunes, que su pasado industrial no puede ser entendido de manera aislada y que brinda la consideración del patrimonio industrial como recurso socioeconómico del territorio transfronterizo., This paper presents a methodology for the development of a preliminary inventory and data analysis of the immovable industrial heritage of the Guadiana Eurocity. The novelty of the work lies in creating strategies of heritage knowledge on an inter-municipal, transnational and cross-border scale that contemplates the industrial memory of the three municipalities that make up the Eurocity. For this purpose, we have used GIS technologies that have allowed us to record historical, architectural, anthropological and physical aspects in a spatial database. The results show that the three municipalities have a common historical, cultural and social identity, that their industrial past cannot be understood in isolation and that it provides the consideration of industrial heritage as a socioeconomic resource of the cross-border territory., Este artigo apresenta a metodologia efetuada para a elaboração de um inventário preliminar e análise de dados do património industrial imóvel da Eurocidade do Guadiana. A novidade do trabalho reside na criação de estratégias de conhecimento patrimonial a uma escala intermunicipal, transnacional e transfronteiriça que contemple a memória industrial dos três municípios que compõem a Eurocidade. Para tal, recorremos a tecnologias SIG que nos permitiram registar aspetos históricos, arquitetónicos, antropológicos e físicos numa base de dados espacial. Os resultados mostram que os três municípios têm uma identidade histórica, cultural e social comum, que o seu passado industrial não pode ser entendido de forma isolada e que proporciona a consideração do património industrial como um recurso socioeconómico do território transfronteiriço.

Los datos recopilados se almacenan en una base de datos de Microsoft Access® que se ha diseñado para integrarse físicamente en un sistema SIG y a herramientas para modelos orientado a Grafo, como Gephi®. La estructura de esta base de datos está compuesta por entidades y relaciones que son representadas por tablas de entidades principales (E), tablas de clasificación/valores - entidades secundarias (Ee) y relaciones (RS). Cada una de las tablas está formada por una serie de registros (cada registro corresponde a una entidad o elemento) y por columnas o campos. Existen 5 tablas de entidades principales: “E1 profesionales”, “E2 mecenas”, “E3 edificios”, “E4 parte_edificio” (objetos asociados a arquitectura y estructura); 4 tablas de entidades secundarias: “Ee1 categoria agente”, “Ee2 tipo-clasificacion”, “Ee3 autor-dato” y “Ee4 ref-docu”; y 2 tablas de Relaciones: “RS1 Evento” y “RS2 tiene pariente”. El objetivo es identificar los eventos relacionados con la actividad constructiva durante el fenómeno del Gótico Tardio, mediados del Siglo XV y XVI de los profesionales que han trabajado en el antiguo Reino de Sevilla con el fin de analizar los movimientos, actividades y red de relaciones de los profesionales en el tiempo y espacio.

Los datos recopilados se almacenan en una base de datos de Microsoft Access® que se ha diseñado para integrarse físicamente en un sistema SIG y a herramientas para modelos orientado a Grafo, como Gephi®. La estructura de esta base de datos está compuesta por entidades y relaciones que son representadas por tablas de entidades principales (E), tablas de clasificación/valores - entidades secundarias (Ee) y relaciones (RS). Cada una de las tablas está formada por una serie de registros (cada registro corresponde a una entidad o elemento) y por columnas o campos. Existen 5 tablas de entidades principales: “E1 profesionales”, “E2 mecenas”, “E3 edificios”, “E4 parte_edificio” (objetos asociados a arquitectura y estructura); 4 tablas de entidades secundarias: “Ee1 categoria agente”, “Ee2 tipo-clasificacion”, “Ee3 autor-dato” y “Ee4 ref-docu”; y 2 tablas de Relaciones: “RS1 Evento” y “RS2 tiene pariente”. El objetivo es identificar los eventos relacionados con la actividad constructiva durante el fenómeno del Gótico Tardio, mediados del Siglo XV y XVI de los profesionales que han trabajado en el antiguo Reino de Sevilla con el fin de analizar los movimientos, actividades y red de relaciones de los profesionales en el tiempo y espacio.

Este archivo proporciona una versión digital de los caminos por Juan Villuga en 1543. El archivo consta de 139 entidades geográficas de tipo línea, cada entidad representa un camino documentado por Juan Villuga con su respectivo nombre. Se ha utilizado la proyección ETRS89 30N. La vectorización ha sido realizada a partir de dos fuentes: 1) Villuga, Juan. 1543. Repertorio de todos los caminos de España en el año de gracia de 1543. Barcelona: Institut Cartografic i Geològic de Catalunya, R: RL 3419. (Consulta 14/05/2014). http://cartotecadigital.icgc.cat/cdm/singleitem/collection/espanya/id/2618/rec/1; y 2) Villuga, Juan. 1950 [1543]. Repertorio de todos los caminos de España. Madrid: Reimpresiones Bibliográficas.

The use of geospatial technologies to identify and document architectural heritage, with the associated benefits for managing information, is already relatively widespread. However, there has been little discussion about the difficulties, decision-making process and problems encountered when using GIS to digitize data, identify and document this heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual work to explore the relationship between immovable industrial heritage documentation and GIS application on the basis of case studies, in particular: the identification and documentation of the industrial heritage in the Eurocity of Guadiana and the olive mills in Écija. After discussing the workflow developed, the difficulties and problems encountered, and how these determine the structure of the GIS model, the decision-making process and the results, this paper concludes that further progress is still necessary to acquire a more pragmatic vision of the use of GIS in the field of industrial archaeology., A utilização de tecnologias geoespaciais para identificar e documentar o património arquitectónico, com os benefícios associados à gestão da informação, está já relativamente difundida. No entanto, tem havido pouca discussão sobre as dificuldades, o processo de tomada de decisão e os problemas encontrados na utilização dos SIG para digitalizar dados, identificar e documentar este património. Este estudo pretende propor um trabalho conceptual para explorar a relação entre a documentação do património industrial imóvel e a aplicação dos SIG com base em estudos de caso, em particular: a identificação e documentação do património industrial na Eurocidade do Guadiana e dos moínhos de azeite (Écija). Após discutir o trabalho desenvolvido, as dificuldades e problemas encontrados, e como estes determinam a estrutura do modelo SIG, o processo de tomada de decisão e os resultados, conclui-se que são necessários mais progressos para adquirir uma visão mais pragmática da utilização do SIG no domínio da arqueologia industrial.

Este artículo presenta la metodología llevada a cabo para la elaboración de un inventario preliminar y el análisis de datos del patrimonio industrial inmueble de la Eurociudad del Guadiana. La novedad del trabajo radica en crear estrategias de conocimiento patrimonial a una escala intermunicipal, transnacional y transfronteriza que contempla la memoria industrial de los tres municipios que conforman la Eurociudad. Para ello, hemos utilizado tecnologías SIG que nos ha permitido registrar en una base de datos espacial aspectos históricos, arquitectónicos, antropológicos y físicos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los tres municipios poseen una identidad histórica, cultural y social comunes, que su pasado industrial no puede ser entendido de manera aislada y que brinda la consideración del patrimonio industrial como recurso socioeconómico del territorio transfronterizo., This paper presents a methodology for the development of a preliminary inventory and data analysis of the immovable industrial heritage of the Guadiana Eurocity. The novelty of the work lies in creating strategies of heritage knowledge on an inter-municipal, transnational and cross-border scale that contemplates the industrial memory of the three municipalities that make up the Eurocity. For this purpose, we have used GIS technologies that have allowed us to record historical, architectural, anthropological and physical aspects in a spatial database. The results show that the three municipalities have a common historical, cultural and social identity, that their industrial past cannot be understood in isolation and that it provides the consideration of industrial heritage as a socioeconomic resource of the cross-border territory., Este artigo apresenta a metodologia efetuada para a elaboração de um inventário preliminar e análise de dados do património industrial imóvel da Eurocidade do Guadiana. A novidade do trabalho reside na criação de estratégias de conhecimento patrimonial a uma escala intermunicipal, transnacional e transfronteiriça que contemple a memória industrial dos três municípios que compõem a Eurocidade. Para tal, recorremos a tecnologias SIG que nos permitiram registar aspetos históricos, arquitetónicos, antropológicos e físicos numa base de dados espacial. Os resultados mostram que os três municípios têm uma identidade histórica, cultural e social comum, que o seu passado industrial não pode ser entendido de forma isolada e que proporciona a consideração do património industrial como um recurso socioeconómico do território transfronteiriço.

Industrial heritage, understood as the group of elements related to the work culture and production activities that emerged during theindustrial revolution, has been surveyed and documented extensively in Spain in recent decades. This is particularly the case of recent years thanks to the advent of digital tools and systems. In the case of Andalusia, the efforts to document, disseminateand protect industrial heritage have been the subject of a variety of actions and projects. This paper describes the methodology used and the results obtained from a review of the existing 1,443 records of immovable assets of industrial heritage. The results point to deficiencies in the updating and incorporation of information in the Digital Guide, and to the need to carry out actions geared more towards understanding the elements as an integral whole made up of the landscape in which they appear.

Este artículo presenta la metodología llevada a cabo para la elaboración de un inventario preliminar y el análisis de datos del patrimonio industrial inmueble de la Eurociudad del Guadiana. La novedad del trabajo radica en crear estrategias de conocimiento patrimonial a una escala intermunicipal, transnacional y transfronteriza que contempla la memoria industrial de los tres municipios que conforman la Eurociudad. Para ello, hemos utilizado tecnologías SIG que nos ha permitido registrar en una base de datos espacial aspectos históricos, arquitectónicos, antropológicos y físicos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los tres municipios poseen una identidad histórica, cultural y social comunes, que su pasado industrial no puede ser entendido de manera aislada y que brinda la consideración del patrimonio industrial como recurso socioeconómico del territorio transfronterizo., This paper presents a methodology for the development of a preliminary inventory and data analysis of the immovable industrial heritage of the Guadiana Eurocity. The novelty of the work lies in creating strategies of heritage knowledge on an inter-municipal, transnational and cross-border scale that contemplates the industrial memory of the three municipalities that make up the Eurocity. For this purpose, we have used GIS technologies that have allowed us to record historical, architectural, anthropological and physical aspects in a spatial database. The results show that the three municipalities have a common historical, cultural and social identity, that their industrial past cannot be understood in isolation and that it provides the consideration of industrial heritage as a socioeconomic resource of the cross-border territory., Este artigo apresenta a metodologia efetuada para a elaboração de um inventário preliminar e análise de dados do património industrial imóvel da Eurocidade do Guadiana. A novidade do trabalho reside na criação de estratégias de conhecimento patrimonial a uma escala intermunicipal, transnacional e transfronteiriça que contemple a memória industrial dos três municípios que compõem a Eurocidade. Para tal, recorremos a tecnologias SIG que nos permitiram registar aspetos históricos, arquitetónicos, antropológicos e físicos numa base de dados espacial. Os resultados mostram que os três municípios têm uma identidade histórica, cultural e social comum, que o seu passado industrial não pode ser entendido de forma isolada e que proporciona a consideração do património industrial como um recurso socioeconómico do território transfronteiriço.

The use of geospatial technologies to identify and document architectural heritage, with the associated benefits for managing information, is already relatively widespread. However, there has been little discussion about the difficulties, decision-making process and problems encountered when using GIS to digitize data, identify and document this heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual work to explore the relationship between immovable industrial heritage documentation and GIS application on the basis of case studies, in particular: the identification and documentation of the industrial heritage in the Eurocity of Guadiana and the olive mills in Écija. After discussing the workflow developed, the difficulties and problems encountered, and how these determine the structure of the GIS model, the decision-making process and the results, this paper concludes that further progress is still necessary to acquire a more pragmatic vision of the use of GIS in the field of industrial archaeology., A utilização de tecnologias geoespaciais para identificar e documentar o património arquitectónico, com os benefícios associados à gestão da informação, está já relativamente difundida. No entanto, tem havido pouca discussão sobre as dificuldades, o processo de tomada de decisão e os problemas encontrados na utilização dos SIG para digitalizar dados, identificar e documentar este património. Este estudo pretende propor um trabalho conceptual para explorar a relação entre a documentação do património industrial imóvel e a aplicação dos SIG com base em estudos de caso, em particular: a identificação e documentação do património industrial na Eurocidade do Guadiana e dos moínhos de azeite (Écija). Após discutir o trabalho desenvolvido, as dificuldades e problemas encontrados, e como estes determinam a estrutura do modelo SIG, o processo de tomada de decisão e os resultados, conclui-se que são necessários mais progressos para adquirir uma visão mais pragmática da utilização do SIG no domínio da arqueologia industrial.

Industrial heritage, understood as the group of elements related to the work culture and production activities that emerged during theindustrial revolution, has been surveyed and documented extensively in Spain in recent decades. This is particularly the case of recent years thanks to the advent of digital tools and systems. In the case of Andalusia, the efforts to document, disseminateand protect industrial heritage have been the subject of a variety of actions and projects. This paper describes the methodology used and the results obtained from a review of the existing 1,443 records of immovable assets of industrial heritage. The results point to deficiencies in the updating and incorporation of information in the Digital Guide, and to the need to carry out actions geared more towards understanding the elements as an integral whole made up of the landscape in which they appear.

Los datos recopilados se almacenan en una base de datos de Microsoft Access® que se ha diseñado para integrarse físicamente en un sistema SIG y a herramientas para modelos orientado a Grafo, como Gephi®. La estructura de esta base de datos está compuesta por entidades y relaciones que son representadas por tablas de entidades principales (E), tablas de clasificación/valores - entidades secundarias (Ee) y relaciones (RS). Cada una de las tablas está formada por una serie de registros (cada registro corresponde a una entidad o elemento) y por columnas o campos. Existen 5 tablas de entidades principales: “E1 profesionales”, “E2 mecenas”, “E3 edificios”, “E4 parte_edificio” (objetos asociados a arquitectura y estructura); 4 tablas de entidades secundarias: “Ee1 categoria agente”, “Ee2 tipo-clasificacion”, “Ee3 autor-dato” y “Ee4 ref-docu”; y 2 tablas de Relaciones: “RS1 Evento” y “RS2 tiene pariente”. El objetivo es identificar los eventos relacionados con la actividad constructiva durante el fenómeno del Gótico Tardio, mediados del Siglo XV y XVI de los profesionales que han trabajado en el antiguo Reino de Sevilla con el fin de analizar los movimientos, actividades y red de relaciones de los profesionales en el tiempo y espacio.

Este archivo proporciona una versión digital de los caminos por Juan Villuga en 1543. El archivo consta de 139 entidades geográficas de tipo línea, cada entidad representa un camino documentado por Juan Villuga con su respectivo nombre. Se ha utilizado la proyección ETRS89 30N. La vectorización ha sido realizada a partir de dos fuentes: 1) Villuga, Juan. 1543. Repertorio de todos los caminos de España en el año de gracia de 1543. Barcelona: Institut Cartografic i Geològic de Catalunya, R: RL 3419. (Consulta 14/05/2014). http://cartotecadigital.icgc.cat/cdm/singleitem/collection/espanya/id/2618/rec/1; y 2) Villuga, Juan. 1950 [1543]. Repertorio de todos los caminos de España. Madrid: Reimpresiones Bibliográficas.

Industrial heritage, understood as the group of elements related to the work culture and production activities that emerged during theindustrial revolution, has been surveyed and documented extensively in Spain in recent decades. This is particularly the case of recent years thanks to the advent of digital tools and systems. In the case of Andalusia, the efforts to document, disseminateand protect industrial heritage have been the subject of a variety of actions and projects. This paper describes the methodology used and the results obtained from a review of the existing 1,443 records of immovable assets of industrial heritage. The results point to deficiencies in the updating and incorporation of information in the Digital Guide, and to the need to carry out actions geared more towards understanding the elements as an integral whole made up of the landscape in which they appear.

The use of geospatial technologies to identify and document architectural heritage, with the associated benefits for managing information, is already relatively widespread. However, there has been little discussion about the difficulties, decision-making process and problems encountered when using GIS to digitize data, identify and document this heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual work to explore the relationship between immovable industrial heritage documentation and GIS application on the basis of case studies, in particular: the identification and documentation of the industrial heritage in the Eurocity of Guadiana and the olive mills in Écija. After discussing the workflow developed, the difficulties and problems encountered, and how these determine the structure of the GIS model, the decision-making process and the results, this paper concludes that further progress is still necessary to acquire a more pragmatic vision of the use of GIS in the field of industrial archaeology., A utilização de tecnologias geoespaciais para identificar e documentar o património arquitectónico, com os benefícios associados à gestão da informação, está já relativamente difundida. No entanto, tem havido pouca discussão sobre as dificuldades, o processo de tomada de decisão e os problemas encontrados na utilização dos SIG para digitalizar dados, identificar e documentar este património. Este estudo pretende propor um trabalho conceptual para explorar a relação entre a documentação do património industrial imóvel e a aplicação dos SIG com base em estudos de caso, em particular: a identificação e documentação do património industrial na Eurocidade do Guadiana e dos moínhos de azeite (Écija). Após discutir o trabalho desenvolvido, as dificuldades e problemas encontrados, e como estes determinam a estrutura do modelo SIG, o processo de tomada de decisão e os resultados, conclui-se que são necessários mais progressos para adquirir uma visão mais pragmática da utilização do SIG no domínio da arqueologia industrial.

Lo digital ha revolucionado los debates sobre los registros gráficos aplicados al conocimiento y difusión del patrimonio arquitectónico. Inundados en muchos casos por la fe absoluta en la exactitud y el rigor de las operaciones de captura métrica y dimensional, y el efecto globalizador de estos recursos, en ocasiones se ignora su repercusión en nuestra mirada del patrimonio, que está pasando de construir imágenes de visiones o versiones de lo que observamos, a modelos interactivos con multitud de información estructurada, de la que podemos extraer nuevos conocimientos. Esta investigación es un estudio sobre la evolución del concepto «intención de representación» desde que el conocimiento del patrimonio se considera ya una disciplina, hasta la actual aplicación de los modelos digitales, tomando un caso paradigmático, vigente en ese periodo: el Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica. En esta comunicación se presenta la labor llevada a cabo en la reconstrucción del patrimonio gráfico heredado de este caso de estudio, mediante la recopilación y análisis de los dibujos realizados por los arquitectos, arqueólogos y otros especialistas que desde el siglo XVI han contribuido a su conocimiento y conservación, destacando aquellos que fueron realizados desde el siglo XIX hasta los que en la actualidad se están produciendo.

Lo digital ha revolucionado los debates sobre los registros gráficos aplicados al conocimiento y difusión del patrimonio arquitectónico. Inundados en muchos casos por la fe absoluta en la exactitud y el rigor de las operaciones de captura métrica y dimensional, y el efecto globalizador de estos recursos, en ocasiones se ignora su repercusión en nuestra mirada del patrimonio, que está pasando de construir imágenes de visiones o versiones de lo que observamos, a modelos interactivos con multitud de información estructurada, de la que podemos extraer nuevos conocimientos. Esta investigación es un estudio sobre la evolución del concepto «intención de representación» desde que el conocimiento del patrimonio se considera ya una disciplina, hasta la actual aplicación de los modelos digitales, tomando un caso paradigmático, vigente en ese periodo: el Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica. En esta comunicación se presenta la labor llevada a cabo en la reconstrucción del patrimonio gráfico heredado de este caso de estudio, mediante la recopilación y análisis de los dibujos realizados por los arquitectos, arqueólogos y otros especialistas que desde el siglo XVI han contribuido a su conocimiento y conservación, destacando aquellos que fueron realizados desde el siglo XIX hasta los que en la actualidad se están produciendo.

Lo digital ha revolucionado los debates sobre los registros gráficos aplicados al conocimiento y difusión del patrimonio arquitectónico. Inundados en muchos casos por la fe absoluta en la exactitud y el rigor de las operaciones de captura métrica y dimensional, y el efecto globalizador de estos recursos, en ocasiones se ignora su repercusión en nuestra mirada del patrimonio, que está pasando de construir imágenes de visiones o versiones de lo que observamos, a modelos interactivos con multitud de información estructurada, de la que podemos extraer nuevos conocimientos. Esta investigación es un estudio sobre la evolución del concepto «intención de representación» desde que el conocimiento del patrimonio se considera ya una disciplina, hasta la actual aplicación de los modelos digitales, tomando un caso paradigmático, vigente en ese periodo: el Conjunto Arqueológico de Itálica. En esta comunicación se presenta la labor llevada a cabo en la reconstrucción del patrimonio gráfico heredado de este caso de estudio, mediante la recopilación y análisis de los dibujos realizados por los arquitectos, arqueólogos y otros especialistas que desde el siglo XVI han contribuido a su conocimiento y conservación, destacando aquellos que fueron realizados desde el siglo XIX hasta los que en la actualidad se están produciendo.

In this study, we investigated the influence of the olfactive stimulus on visual attention. Two groups of 30 subjects participated in two experiments. Both experiments presented two arrays of fruits stimulus intercalated by an olfactive intervention. The stimulus was received in the form of images by the first group and in the form of words by the second group. An eye-tracking device monitored the timekeeping of visual attention dispensed in each stimulus. The results showed that olfactive priming influenced visual attention in both cases but with a greater degree in the images stimulus group. This study shows for the first time that image information is more susceptible to priming olfactive information than wording information. This effect may be associated with the formation of mental images in working memory, aroused by fragrances.

In this study, we investigated the influence of the olfactive stimulus on visual attention. Two groups of 30 subjects participated in two experiments. Both experiments presented two arrays of fruits stimulus intercalated by an olfactive intervention. The stimulus was received in the form of images by the first group and in the form of words by the second group. An eye-tracking device monitored the timekeeping of visual attention dispensed in each stimulus. The results showed that olfactive priming influenced visual attention in both cases but with a greater degree in the images stimulus group. This study shows for the first time that image information is more susceptible to priming olfactive information than wording information. This effect may be associated with the formation of mental images in working memory, aroused by fragrances.

In this study, we investigated the influence of the olfactive stimulus on visual attention. Two groups of 30 subjects participated in two experiments. Both experiments presented two arrays of fruits stimulus intercalated by an olfactive intervention. The stimulus was received in the form of images by the first group and in the form of words by the second group. An eye-tracking device monitored the timekeeping of visual attention dispensed in each stimulus. The results showed that olfactive priming influenced visual attention in both cases but with a greater degree in the images stimulus group. This study shows for the first time that image information is more susceptible to priming olfactive information than wording information. This effect may be associated with the formation of mental images in working memory, aroused by fragrances.

In this study, we investigated the influence of the olfactive stimulus on visual attention. Two groups of 30 subjects participated in two experiments. Both experiments presented two arrays of fruits stimulus intercalated by an olfactive intervention. The stimulus was received in the form of images by the first group and in the form of words by the second group. An eye-tracking device monitored the timekeeping of visual attention dispensed in each stimulus. The results showed that olfactive priming influenced visual attention in both cases but with a greater degree in the images stimulus group. This study shows for the first time that image information is more susceptible to priming olfactive information than wording information. This effect may be associated with the formation of mental images in working memory, aroused by fragrances.

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative for treating patients suffering from mitral valve disease. The number of TMVR procedures is expected to rise as devices currently in clinical trials obtain approval for commercialization. Automating the planning of such interventions becomes, therefore, more relevant in an attempt to decrease inter-subject discrepancies and time spent in patient assessment. This study evaluates the performance of an automated method for detection of anatomical landmarks and generation of relevant measurements for device selection and positioning. Cardiac CT scans of 70 patients were collected retrospectively. Fifty scans were used to generate a statistical shape model (SSM) of the left heart chambers at ten different timepoints, whereas the remaining 20 scans were used for validation of the automated method. The clinical measurements resulting from the anatomical landmarks generated automatically were compared against the measurements obtained through the manual indication of the corresponding landmarks by three observers, during systole and diastole. The automatically generated measurements were in close agreement with the user-driven analysis, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) consistently lower for the saddle-shaped (ICCArea = 0.90, ICCPerimeter 2D = 0.95, ICCPerimeter 3D = 0.93, ICCAP-Diameter = 0.71, ICCML-Diameter = 0.90) compared to the D-shaped annulus (ICCArea = 0.94, ICCPerimeter 2D = 0.96, ICCPerimeter 3D = 0.96, ICCAP-Diameter = 0.95, ICCML-Diameter = 0.92). The larger differences observed for the saddle shape suggest that the main discrepancies occur in the aorto-mitral curtain. This is supported by the fact that statistically significant differences are observed between the two annulus configurations for area (p < 0.001), 3D perimeter (p = 0.009) and

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer, [ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y las restricciones (qu

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solutions.

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solution

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer, [ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas/actores que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores implicados. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y la

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer, [ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y las restricciones (qu

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer, [ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y las restricciones (qu

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer, [ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y las restricciones (qu

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solution

Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo aplicando técnicas de la sintaxis espacial en dos ciudades históricas que durante los siglos XVI y XVII fueron, entre otras, los principales núcleos de la península ibérica: Lisboa y Sevilla. Las principales fases metodológicas del trabajo fueron: 1) adquisición y digitalización de datos históricos; geo-procesamiento de las fuentes de datos; 2) preparación del modelo de mapa axial; 3) generación del mapa axial; 4) generación del mapa de segmentos; 5) estudio y análisis de los parámetros; 6) visualización e interpretación de los mapas. La aplicación de los análisis a partir de mapas de segmentos ha permitido el cálculo de variables más relacionadas con la accesibilidad, movimiento y actividad urbana: la elección angular normalizada (NACH) y la integración angular normalizada (NAIN). Este artículo demuestra que el modelo computacional proporciona un enfoque eficaz para realizar estudios comparativos de ciudades históricas.

The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scien

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solutions.

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solution

At the beginning of the Contemporary Age, Andalusia presents a greater economic relevance of its agricultural sector both in comparison with the national and European territory. This agrarian and rural characteristic will characterize the Andalusian territory until the end of the twentieth century, when it takes second place in its economic structure. This process significantly affected the evolution of the Andalusian territory, affecting aspects related to its morphology and physical structure, as well as the gradual incorporation of mechanization and technologies, changes in the business model and its labor relations, and the new logistic dynamics created. In this paper we focus our attention on the heritage inherited from this process and present a diagnosis of the records of the Andalusian agro-alimentary industrial heritage currently documented in the Digital Guide of the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage (hereinafter, IAPH). The general objective is to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis to outline lines of action for further documentation and study. To this end, we have analyzed a total of 542 property records, covering 28 typologies and 7 activities. The methodology was developed in 6 stages: M1. Gathering and overview of the actions previously carried out in the framework of the documentation of the industrial heritage of Andalusia (Background); M2. Definition of the search criteria and selection of the sample; M3. Definition of criteria and parameters for quantitative and qualitative analysis; M4. Collection and analysis of the records; M5. Visualization of the analyses using graphs; M6. Interpretation of the results and proposal of actions. In the analyses carried out we have been able to detect differences in the number of records between provinces (greater number in Malaga, followed by Seville, Cordoba, Cadiz and Almeria) and between typologies and activities (greater number in the typologies of oil mills and hydraulic mills and in

The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scien

[EN] The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer, [ES] El desarrollo de las tecnologías digitales ha posibilitado nuevas formas de estudio de los sucesos históricos desde la perspectiva geográfica. Estos métodos se basan en la localización (sobre un espacio que incluye el relieve, las vías de comunicación, los ríos, etc.) y el establecimiento de las relaciones entre los diferentes elementos que intervinieron en dichos sucesos. Una vez que toda esta información ha sido representada en el espacio virtual, es posible recurrir a los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) con el fin de analizar diversos factores como las distancias, la visibilidad, la conectividad, etc. Sin embargo, resulta evidente que el desarrollo de los acontecimientos también estuvo condicionado por las intenciones, las necesidades y las impresiones (tanto correctas como equivocadas) de las personas/actores que intervinieron en ellos; por lo tanto, resulta oportuno pensar que la recreación del desarrollo de los eventos históricos, así como su correcta comprensión, mejorará sustancialmente si se incorpora algún método para simular el razonamiento de los actores implicados. En esta línea, la “programación lineal” es una opción versátil para el modelado y la optimización de sistemas que cuenta con una amplia experiencia en diversos campos como la industria, los transportes, la agricultura, etc. Asimismo, esta técnica de modelado también es aplicable a escenarios históricos con el fin de realizar simulaciones de las dinámicas que se establecieron y como método de validación de las fuentes. En el presente texto, se desarrollan —con base a los informes del frente de guerra— dos modelos relativos a la distribución de suministros durante el sitio de la villa de Bilbao —que tuvo lugar en el contexto de la Tercera Guerra Carlista (1872-1876)— que corresponden a ambas partes (es decir, a los sitiadores y a los sitiados). En los modelos, el escenario se recrea a través de las variables del sistema (las cuales definen las alternativas que pueden tomarse) y la

Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo aplicando técnicas de la sintaxis espacial en dos ciudades históricas que durante los siglos XVI y XVII fueron, entre otras, los principales núcleos de la península ibérica: Lisboa y Sevilla. Las principales fases metodológicas del trabajo fueron: 1) adquisición y digitalización de datos históricos; geo-procesamiento de las fuentes de datos; 2) preparación del modelo de mapa axial; 3) generación del mapa axial; 4) generación del mapa de segmentos; 5) estudio y análisis de los parámetros; 6) visualización e interpretación de los mapas. La aplicación de los análisis a partir de mapas de segmentos ha permitido el cálculo de variables más relacionadas con la accesibilidad, movimiento y actividad urbana: la elección angular normalizada (NACH) y la integración angular normalizada (NAIN). Este artículo demuestra que el modelo computacional proporciona un enfoque eficaz para realizar estudios comparativos de ciudades históricas.

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solutions.

Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo aplicando técnicas de la sintaxis espacial en dos ciudades históricas que durante los siglos XVI y XVII fueron, entre otras, los principales núcleos de la península ibérica: Lisboa y Sevilla. Las principales fases metodológicas del trabajo fueron: 1) adquisición y digitalización de datos históricos; geo-procesamiento de las fuentes de datos; 2) preparación del modelo de mapa axial; 3) generación del mapa axial; 4) generación del mapa de segmentos; 5) estudio y análisis de los parámetros; 6) visualización e interpretación de los mapas. La aplicación de los análisis a partir de mapas de segmentos ha permitido el cálculo de variables más relacionadas con la accesibilidad, movimiento y actividad urbana: la elección angular normalizada (NACH) y la integración angular normalizada (NAIN). Este artículo demuestra que el modelo computacional proporciona un enfoque eficaz para realizar estudios comparativos de ciudades históricas.

The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scien

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solutions.

At the beginning of the Contemporary Age, Andalusia presents a greater economic relevance of its agricultural sector both in comparison with the national and European territory. This agrarian and rural characteristic will characterize the Andalusian territory until the end of the twentieth century, when it takes second place in its economic structure. This process significantly affected the evolution of the Andalusian territory, affecting aspects related to its morphology and physical structure, as well as the gradual incorporation of mechanization and technologies, changes in the business model and its labor relations, and the new logistic dynamics created. In this paper we focus our attention on the heritage inherited from this process and present a diagnosis of the records of the Andalusian agro-alimentary industrial heritage currently documented in the Digital Guide of the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage (hereinafter, IAPH). The general objective is to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis to outline lines of action for further documentation and study. To this end, we have analyzed a total of 542 property records, covering 28 typologies and 7 activities. The methodology was developed in 6 stages: M1. Gathering and overview of the actions previously carried out in the framework of the documentation of the industrial heritage of Andalusia (Background); M2. Definition of the search criteria and selection of the sample; M3. Definition of criteria and parameters for quantitative and qualitative analysis; M4. Collection and analysis of the records; M5. Visualization of the analyses using graphs; M6. Interpretation of the results and proposal of actions. In the analyses carried out we have been able to detect differences in the number of records between provinces (greater number in Malaga, followed by Seville, Cordoba, Cadiz and Almeria) and between typologies and activities (greater number in the typologies of oil mills and hydraulic mills and in

At the beginning of the Contemporary Age, Andalusia presents a greater economic relevance of its agricultural sector both in comparison with the national and European territory. This agrarian and rural characteristic will characterize the Andalusian territory until the end of the twentieth century, when it takes second place in its economic structure. This process significantly affected the evolution of the Andalusian territory, affecting aspects related to its morphology and physical structure, as well as the gradual incorporation of mechanization and technologies, changes in the business model and its labor relations, and the new logistic dynamics created. In this paper we focus our attention on the heritage inherited from this process and present a diagnosis of the records of the Andalusian agro-alimentary industrial heritage currently documented in the Digital Guide of the Andalusian Institute of Historical Heritage (hereinafter, IAPH). The general objective is to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis to outline lines of action for further documentation and study. To this end, we have analyzed a total of 542 property records, covering 28 typologies and 7 activities. The methodology was developed in 6 stages: M1. Gathering and overview of the actions previously carried out in the framework of the documentation of the industrial heritage of Andalusia (Background); M2. Definition of the search criteria and selection of the sample; M3. Definition of criteria and parameters for quantitative and qualitative analysis; M4. Collection and analysis of the records; M5. Visualization of the analyses using graphs; M6. Interpretation of the results and proposal of actions. In the analyses carried out we have been able to detect differences in the number of records between provinces (greater number in Malaga, followed by Seville, Cordoba, Cadiz and Almeria) and between typologies and activities (greater number in the typologies of oil mills and hydraulic mills and in

The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scien

Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo aplicando técnicas de la sintaxis espacial en dos ciudades históricas que durante los siglos XVI y XVII fueron, entre otras, los principales núcleos de la península ibérica: Lisboa y Sevilla. Las principales fases metodológicas del trabajo fueron: 1) adquisición y digitalización de datos históricos; geo-procesamiento de las fuentes de datos; 2) preparación del modelo de mapa axial; 3) generación del mapa axial; 4) generación del mapa de segmentos; 5) estudio y análisis de los parámetros; 6) visualización e interpretación de los mapas. La aplicación de los análisis a partir de mapas de segmentos ha permitido el cálculo de variables más relacionadas con la accesibilidad, movimiento y actividad urbana: la elección angular normalizada (NACH) y la integración angular normalizada (NAIN). Este artículo demuestra que el modelo computacional proporciona un enfoque eficaz para realizar estudios comparativos de ciudades históricas.

Central to the entire discipline of heritage restoration and conservation is the concept of information management. Nevertheless, traditionally, conservation and restoration has been a poorly documented discipline, which has led not only to a lack of standardization and awareness about the processes carried out in the past, but also poses problems both when new restoration works are necessary and for the preventive conservation of the elements of heritage. This study sets out to propose a conceptual framework to explore the relationship between conservation of heritage and information management on the basis of case studies; in particular: a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) of a regional government concerning an endangered plant (wild grapevine) with an important potential for cultural and touristic uses in a wine-making region; an open data guide—the Digital Guide of Andalusian Cultural Heritage; a university repository connected to Europeana, which contains reports and outcomes of projects of geometric documentation of elements of heritage; a repository of an organization in charge of the protection and care of the heritage; and finally, two examples of the use of heritage building information models (HBIM) in complex monuments. After discussing the characteristics of each case, this paper concludes that, although the availability of information and tools is growing, further progress is still necessary concerning the interoperability, outreach and reuse of the different solutions.

Este trabajo presenta un análisis comparativo aplicando técnicas de la sintaxis espacial en dos ciudades históricas que durante los siglos XVI y XVII fueron, entre otras, los principales núcleos de la península ibérica: Lisboa y Sevilla. Las principales fases metodológicas del trabajo fueron: 1) adquisición y digitalización de datos históricos; geo-procesamiento de las fuentes de datos; 2) preparación del modelo de mapa axial; 3) generación del mapa axial; 4) generación del mapa de segmentos; 5) estudio y análisis de los parámetros; 6) visualización e interpretación de los mapas. La aplicación de los análisis a partir de mapas de segmentos ha permitido el cálculo de variables más relacionadas con la accesibilidad, movimiento y actividad urbana: la elección angular normalizada (NACH) y la integración angular normalizada (NAIN). Este artículo demuestra que el modelo computacional proporciona un enfoque eficaz para realizar estudios comparativos de ciudades históricas.

The current digital technologies development makes it possible to apply new forms of studying historical events considering the geographical point of view. They rely on the location and the relationships among the different elements that took part in them over a recreated space (e.g. relief, roads, rivers); once these elements have been laid out on the virtual space, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to analyse several factors, such as distances, visibility, connectivity and so on. Nevertheless, the development of the actions was also driven by the aims, needs and beliefs (either wise or misguided) of the people/actors involved in those situations; therefore, some ways of including reasoning would significantly improve the actual recreation and understanding of the episodes. In this sense, “linear programming” is a very versatile tool for system modelling and optimization that is broadly used in many fields (e.g. industry, transports, agriculture, etc.). Likewise, this technique can also be applied to past scenarios to simulate dynamics and cross-check sources. In this text, two models regarding the distribution and the allocation of supplies during the siege of Bilbao, in the framework of the Third Carlist War (1872-1876), from both parties —beleaguerer and besieged— were established based on the war front textual reports. In these models, the scenario is recreated through the system variables (which define the alternatives that can be or could have been taken) and the constraints (which limit the range of action); moreover, the actors’ goals that guided the course of events are defined by the objective. Despite the simplification in the modelling, the results show very interesting hints about the dynamics involved during the processes and are able to highlight some critical issues that significantly conditioned the final results. Besides, the modelling process itself proved to be an opportunity for collaboration between historians and computer scien