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Advancements in computer capabilities enable predicting process outcomes that earlier could only be assessed after post-process analyses. In aerospace and automotive industries it is important to predict parts properties before their formation from liquid alloys. In this work, the logistic function was used to predict the evaporation rates of the most detrimental impurities, if the temperature of the liquid aluminum alloy was known. Then, parameters of the logistic function were used to determine the transition points where the reaction order was changing. Samples were heated to 610 °C, 660 °C, 710 °C, and 760 °C for one hour, after which the chemical analyses were performed and evaporation rates were calculated for Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn elements. The pressure inside the encapsulated area was maintained at 0.97 kPa. Whereas parameters that define the evaporation rate increase with the temperature increase, the maximum evaporation rates were deduced from the experimental data and fitted into the logistic function. The elemental evaporation in liquid-aluminum alloys is the best defined by the logistic function, since transitions from the first to zero-order-governed evaporation reactions have nonsymmetrical evaporation rate slopes between the lowest and the highest evaporation rate point.

Увод: Креирање математичких модела у различитим областима живота је довело до значајних закључака о динамици функционисања разноврсних процеса у природи. Своју примену математички модели су пронашли и у области фармације. У случајевима када је потребно одговорити на питање да ли је до неког исхода дошло или не, посебно су се истакли модели засновани на логистичкој функцији. Циљ рада: Циљ овог рада је да опише значај логистичке регресије у фармаколошким и фармакокинетичким доменима, као и начин оцењивања параметара који овај модел описују. Материјал и методе: У овом делу рада осврнули смо се на обичне диференцијалне једначине, а посебно истакли Бернулијеву диференцијалну једначину. Затим смо решавањем Верхулстовог модела дефинисали логистичку функцију, чијом смо логит трансформацијом дошли до log-линеарног регресионог модела. Oписан је и метод максималне веродостојности који се користи за оцењивање параметара log-линеарне регресије, а на самом крају је дата дефиниција односа шанси. Резултати: Kроз практичне примере из области фармакологије, токсикологије и медицинске биохемије, представили смо значај логистичке функције, log-линеарне регресије, као и тумачење параметара модела и израчунавање односа шанси у различитим доменима фармације. Показали смо на који начин региструјемо одговор у експериментима са дихотомним исходом на основу оцењених параметара. Закључак: У овом раду описали смо логистичку функцију и њен значај када је у питању дихотомна зависна варијабла. Логистичка регресија користи ову функцију у циљу предвиђања исхода догађаја – да ли се нешто десило или не. Показано је да због својих карактеристика, једноставности примене и тумачења параметара, логистичка регресија оправдано чини један од најкоришћенијих модела у тумачењу експеримената са дихотомним исходом., Introduction: The derivation of mathematical models led to significant conclusions in many different areas, as well as in explaining different natural processes. Their application also reached their way in pharmacy, where models based on logistic function give an answer to will something happen or won't it. The Aim: The main focus of this paper is to describe the importance of logistic regression in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. As well as estimation of parameters that the specific model describes. Material and Methods: In this part of the paper we mention ordinary differential equations with a special accent on Bernoulli differential equation. Then by solving the equation of Verhulst model we defined logistic function, from which we come to log-linear regression by using logit transformation. Then we described the method of maximum likelihood which is used in estimation of parameters in logistic regression, and at the end we defined odds ratio. Results: Through the practical applications in pharmacology, toxicology, and medical biochemistry, we established the importance of logistic function and log-linear regression. With thеse examples we derived the importance of parameter, odds ratio in pharmacy and the way of interpreting the results of experiments with dichotomous outcome based on evaluated parameters. Conclusion: In this paper we described logistic function and its importance in case of binomial variables. Logistic regression applies this function with a goal to predict the outcome of the event. Logistic regression is one of the most often used models when we have binomial variable, because of its characteristics, easy application and interpretation.

Highway bottlenecks are responsible for the majority of traffic congestion. Although the problem of bottleneck detection is not new, contemporary methods have not solved the problem thoroughly with regards to bottleneck locations, activation time, and related congestion tracking. These elements are essential for identifying and characterizing a bottleneck. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for detecting and extracting these features of highway bottlenecks from traffic data. We particularly focus on questions (i) whether a bottleneck is the primary source of congestion or (ii) whether it is activated due to congestion caused by another downstream bottleneck. The underlying principles of the proposed method include the detection of congestion (in spatio-temporal patterns of traffic congestion), and the detection of speed discontinuities in traffic data (since this is an important indicator of a bottleneck activation). The method is data-driven and automatic therefore can be easily applied to different highways and used to obtain meaningful statistics of existing bottlenecks. We have tested the method on simulated data and also demonstrated it on real data from a busy highway section in the Netherlands. The results suggest that the method is robust to different implementations, i.e. locations, of loop-detectors which measure traffic at discrete locations., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Transport and Planning

Simplicity renders shake flasks ideal for strain selection and substrate optimization in biotechnology. Uncertainty during initial experiments may, however, cause adverse growth conditions and mislead conclusions. Using growth models for online predictions of future biomass (BM) and the arrival of critical events like low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels or when to harvest is hence important to optimize protocols. Established knowledge that unfavorable metabolites of growing microorganisms interfere with the substrate suggests that growth dynamics and, as a consequence, the growth model parameters may vary in the course of an experiment. Predictive monitoring of shake flask cultures will therefore benefit from estimating growth model parameters in an online and adaptive manner. This paper evaluates a newly developed particle filter (PF) which is specifically tailored to the requirements of biotechnological shake flask experiments. By combining stationary accuracy with fast adaptation to change the proposed PF estimates time-varying growth model parameters from iteratively measured BM and DO sensor signals in an optimal manner. Such proposition of inferring time varying parameters of Gompertz and Logistic growth models is to our best knowledge novel and here for the first time assessed for predictive monitoring of Escherichia coli (E. coli) shake flask experiments. Assessments that mimic real-time predictions of BM and DO levels under previously untested growth conditions demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. After allowing for an initialization phase where the PF learns appropriate model parameters, we obtain accurate predictions of future BM and DO levels and important temporal characteristics like when to harvest. Statically parameterized growth models that represent the dynamics of a specific setting will in general provide poor characterizations of the dynamics when we change strain or substrate. The proposed approach is thus an important innovation for scientis

The machine learning artificial neural networks methods to detect patterns, solve classification or regression problems, and perform other machine learning tasks are very popular nowadays, but the neuron models that those networks have assume the input is from one type or another depending on the problem. This doesn't mean we can't use heterogeneous data to solve these problems, in fact, we can but always some sort of preprocessing is required, which reduces the reliability and interpretability of the results it gives and also means a huge time waste in preprocessing and understanding the results the model returns. But what if there was a neuron model which could accept heterogeneus data? Can we find such a model that leads to optimal results using as an input this type of data? We decided to investigate on a type of similarity measure that works very good with heterogeneus data and is computationally efficient: the Gower's Similarity Coefficient. We decided to turn it into a distance and then apply it as a distance measure to the functions of the hidden layer of a Radial Basis Function Neural Network. The results shown in the experimental study show that this type of neural network work best in this kind of situations, that is, when we are dealing with a dataset plenty of data from different types and in classification tasks since it gives very reliable results, but in way more time than other methods like a K-Nearest Neighbours or a Gaussian Radial Basis Function.The results also show that a regularization term in the number of neurons may be needed in order to make a good regression model for this type of neural network.

Simplicity renders shake flasks ideal for strain selection and substrate optimization in biotechnology. Uncertainty during initial experiments may, however, cause adverse growth conditions and mislead conclusions. Using growth models for online predictions of future biomass (BM) and the arrival of critical events like low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels or when to harvest is hence important to optimize protocols. Established knowledge that unfavorable metabolites of growing microorganisms interfere with the substrate suggests that growth dynamics and, as a consequence, the growth model parameters may vary in the course of an experiment. Predictive monitoring of shake flask cultures will therefore benefit from estimating growth model parameters in an online and adaptive manner. This paper evaluates a newly developed particle filter (PF) which is specifically tailored to the requirements of biotechnological shake flask experiments. By combining stationary accuracy with fast adaptation to change the proposed PF estimates time-varying growth model parameters from iteratively measured BM and DO sensor signals in an optimal manner. Such proposition of inferring time varying parameters of Gompertz and Logistic growth models is to our best knowledge novel and here for the first time assessed for predictive monitoring of Escherichia coli (E. coli) shake flask experiments. Assessments that mimic real-time predictions of BM and DO levels under previously untested growth conditions demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. After allowing for an initialization phase where the PF learns appropriate model parameters, we obtain accurate predictions of future BM and DO levels and important temporal characteristics like when to harvest. Statically parameterized growth models that represent the dynamics of a specific setting will in general provide poor characterizations of the dynamics when we change strain or substrate. The proposed approach is thus an important innovation for scientis

Highway bottlenecks are responsible for the majority of traffic congestion. Although the problem of bottleneck detection is not new, contemporary methods have not solved the problem thoroughly with regards to bottleneck locations, activation time, and related congestion tracking. These elements are essential for identifying and characterizing a bottleneck. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for detecting and extracting these features of highway bottlenecks from traffic data. We particularly focus on questions (i) whether a bottleneck is the primary source of congestion or (ii) whether it is activated due to congestion caused by another downstream bottleneck. The underlying principles of the proposed method include the detection of congestion (in spatio-temporal patterns of traffic congestion), and the detection of speed discontinuities in traffic data (since this is an important indicator of a bottleneck activation). The method is data-driven and automatic therefore can be easily applied to different highways and used to obtain meaningful statistics of existing bottlenecks. We have tested the method on simulated data and also demonstrated it on real data from a busy highway section in the Netherlands. The results suggest that the method is robust to different implementations, i.e. locations, of loop-detectors which measure traffic at discrete locations., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Transport and Planning

The main factors affecting the kinetics of isothermal bainite transformation in alloyed steels are determined using the computer simulation of solid state phase transformation. It is shown that the initial configuration of the new phase nuclei in the metal volume and nucleation rate have a significant effect on the bainite transformation parameters., При помощи имитационного моделирования фазового превращения в твердом состоянии определены основные факторы, влияющие на кинетику изотермического бейнитного превращения в легированных сталях. Показано, что первоначальная конфигурация расположения зародышей новой фазы в объеме металла, а также скорость зарождения оказывают значимое влияние на параметры процесса превращения.

The analytical model was chosen by the method of multiple linear regression, with the regulation of the parameters of which the logistic function describes the growth of the new phase much better than the Kolmogorov-Avrami equation (KJMA)., Методом множественной линейной регрессии выбрана аналитическая модель, при регулировании параметров которой логистическая функция существенно лучше описывает рост новой фазы по сравнению с уравнением Колмогорова–Аврами (КДМА).

An algorithm was developed for the simulation of a phase transition in solid state which makes it possible to obtain the kinetic curves of transformation under different initial conditions (the number and arrangement of new phase nuclei, the distance between the nearest nuclei). The simulation results were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation and the corresponding coefficients were determined. The correlation between the simulation results and the experimental kinetics of the austenite isothermal transformation in alloyed steels was shown.

A dilatometric study of the of the isothermal bainite transformation kinetics in steel 20CR2MN2SINIMO in the temperature range 300–400 °C is carried out. The experimental kinetics of bainite transformation is described by a logistic function with a high degree of adequacy. The dependence of the coefficients of the logistic function on the temperature of isothermal holding is obtained., Проведено дилатометрическое исследование кинетики изотермического бейнитного превращения в стали марки 20Х2Г2СНМА при температуре 300–400 °C. Экспериментальная кинетика бейнитного превращения с высокой степенью адекватности описана логистической функцией. Определена зависимость коэффициентов логистической функции от температуры изотермической выдержки.

An algorithm has been developed for a computer program for modeling the solid state phase transformation which makes it possible to obtain kinetic curves under various initial conditions. The analogies are drawn between the results of computer simulation and the experimental kinetics of the isothermal transformation of austenite in alloyed steels., Разработан алгоритм программы компьютерного моделирования фазовых превращений в твердом состоянии, позволяющей получать кинетические кривые при различных начальных условиях. Проведены аналогии между результатами компьютерного моделирования и экспериментальной кинетикой изотермического превращения аустенита в легированных сталях.

Time-series models applied in the study of animal population dynamics commonly assume linearity on the log-scale, leading to log-normally distributed rates of increase. While this is often computationally convenient, in particular when performing statistical inference in the presence of observation error, it may lead to unrealistic predictions for animals with a limited reproduction. We introduce a model that includes an explicit bound on the reproductive rate of an individual, and apply this to a population time series of ungulates in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Due to observational error, the year-to-year increases in animal counts occasionally exceeded the maximal reproductive rate of the animals. In such cases, the traditional unbounded model showed a tendency of overfitting data, leading to unrealistic predictions of the underlying population increase. An observed increase above the maximal reproductive rate also provides empirical confirmation that observation error exists. The model with an explicit bound was able to utilize this in order to separate observational error from population process noise, which the traditional unbounded model was unable to do. We conclude that enforcing a strict upper bound on the reproductive rate of an animal population model may lead to more realistic statistical inference than commonly applied log-linear models when an explicit bound on reproductive rate is known. We further conclude that introducing a bound on reproduction can greatly assist in separating observational error and population process noise for slow life histories, or more generally, when the rate of sampling is high compared to reproductive rates.

Fractals is a relatively new mathematical topic which received thorough treatment only starting with 1960's. Fractals can be observed everywhere in nature and in day-to-day life. To give a few examples, common fractals are the spiral cactus, the romanesco broccoli, human brain and the outline of the Swedish map. Fractal dimension is a dimension which need not take integer values. In fractal geometry, a fractal dimension is a ratio providing an index of the complexity of fractal pattern with regard to how the local geometry changes with the scale at which it is measured. In recent years, fractal analysis is used increasingly in many areas of engineering and technology. Among others, fractal analysis is used in signal and image compression, computer and video design, neuroscience and fractal based cancer modelling and diagnosing. This study consists of two main parts. The first part of the study aims to understand the appearance of an irregular Cantor set generated by the chaotic dynamical system generated by the logistic function on the unit interval [0,1]. In order to understand this irregular Cantor set, we studied the topological properties of the Cantor Middle-thirds set and the generalised Cantor sets, all of which have zero length. The necessity to compare these sets with regard to their size led us to the second part of this paper, namely the dimension studies of fractals. More complex fractals were presented in the second part, three definitions of dimension were introduced. The fractal dimension of the irregular Cantor set generated by the logistic mapping was estimated and we found that the Hausdorff dimension has the widest scope and greatest flexibility in the fractal studies., Fraktaler är ett relativt nytt ämne inom matematik som fick sitt stora genomslag först efter 60-talet. En fraktal är ett självliknande mönster med struktur i alla skalor. Några vardagliga exempel på fraktaler är spiralkaktus, romanescobroccoli, mänskliga hjärnan, blodkärlen och Sveriges fastlandskust. Bråktalsdimension är en typ av dimension där dimensionsindexet tillåts att anta alla icke-negativa reella tal. Inom fraktalgeometri kan dimensionsindexet betraktas som ett komplexitetsindex av mönstret med avseende på hur den lokala geometrin förändras beroende på vilken skala mönstret betraktas i. Under det senaste decenniet har fraktalanalysen använts alltmer flitigt inom tekniska och vetenskapliga tillämpningar. Bland annat har fraktalanalysen använts i signal- och bildkompression, dator- och videoformgivning, neurovetenskap och fraktalbaserad cancerdiagnos. Denna studie består av två huvuddelar. Den första delen fokuserar på att förstår hur en fraktal kan uppstå i ett kaotiskt dynamiskt system. För att vara mer specifik studerades den logistiska funktionen och hur denna ickelinjära avbildning genererar en oregelbunden Cantormängd på intervalet [0,1]. Vidare, för att förstå den oregelbundna Cantormängden studerades Cantormängden (eng. the Cantor Middle-Thirds set) och de generaliserade Cantormängderna, vilka alla har noll längd. För att kunna jämföra de olika Cantormängderna med avseende på storlek, leds denna studie vidare till dimensionsanalys av fraktaler som är huvudämnet i den andra delen av denna studie. Olika topologiska fraktaler presenterades, tre olika definitioner av dimension introducerades, bland annat lådräkningsdimensionen och Hausdorffdimensionen. Slutligen approximerades dimensionen av den oregelbundna Cantormängden med hjälp av Hausdorffdimensionen. Denna studie demonstrerar att Hausdorffdimensionen har större omfattning och mer flexibilitet för fraktalstudier.

Preliminary evidence on the long-run trajectory of the accelerator industry suggests that it may be close to the maturity phase of its cycle. If this is the case, how can we measure the benefits of an uncertain breakthrough in acceleration technology? Who are the main stakeholders interested by such a breakthrough? We identify these subjects and sketch some avenues for answering these questions. We thus present a model for the social Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of research infrastructures and illustrate the results of its implementation for assessing the benefits of accelerators in basic science and hadrontherapy. Lastly, we move from the social CBA of single research infrastructures to modeling a major change in the accelerator technology and hence in the industry. A research agenda on the potential impacts of a technological breakthrough is presented.

Fractals is a relatively new mathematical topic which received thorough treatment only starting with 1960's. Fractals can be observed everywhere in nature and in day-to-day life. To give a few examples, common fractals are the spiral cactus, the romanesco broccoli, human brain and the outline of the Swedish map. Fractal dimension is a dimension which need not take integer values. In fractal geometry, a fractal dimension is a ratio providing an index of the complexity of fractal pattern with regard to how the local geometry changes with the scale at which it is measured. In recent years, fractal analysis is used increasingly in many areas of engineering and technology. Among others, fractal analysis is used in signal and image compression, computer and video design, neuroscience and fractal based cancer modelling and diagnosing. This study consists of two main parts. The first part of the study aims to understand the appearance of an irregular Cantor set generated by the chaotic dynamical system generated by the logistic function on the unit interval [0,1]. In order to understand this irregular Cantor set, we studied the topological properties of the Cantor Middle-thirds set and the generalised Cantor sets, all of which have zero length. The necessity to compare these sets with regard to their size led us to the second part of this paper, namely the dimension studies of fractals. More complex fractals were presented in the second part, three definitions of dimension were introduced. The fractal dimension of the irregular Cantor set generated by the logistic mapping was estimated and we found that the Hausdorff dimension has the widest scope and greatest flexibility in the fractal studies., Fraktaler är ett relativt nytt ämne inom matematik som fick sitt stora genomslag först efter 60-talet. En fraktal är ett självliknande mönster med struktur i alla skalor. Några vardagliga exempel på fraktaler är spiralkaktus, romanescobroccoli, mänskliga hjärnan, blodkärlen och Sveriges fastlandskust. Bråktalsdimension är en typ av dimension där dimensionsindexet tillåts att anta alla icke-negativa reella tal. Inom fraktalgeometri kan dimensionsindexet betraktas som ett komplexitetsindex av mönstret med avseende på hur den lokala geometrin förändras beroende på vilken skala mönstret betraktas i. Under det senaste decenniet har fraktalanalysen använts alltmer flitigt inom tekniska och vetenskapliga tillämpningar. Bland annat har fraktalanalysen använts i signal- och bildkompression, dator- och videoformgivning, neurovetenskap och fraktalbaserad cancerdiagnos. Denna studie består av två huvuddelar. Den första delen fokuserar på att förstår hur en fraktal kan uppstå i ett kaotiskt dynamiskt system. För att vara mer specifik studerades den logistiska funktionen och hur denna ickelinjära avbildning genererar en oregelbunden Cantormängd på intervalet [0,1]. Vidare, för att förstå den oregelbundna Cantormängden studerades Cantormängden (eng. the Cantor Middle-Thirds set) och de generaliserade Cantormängderna, vilka alla har noll längd. För att kunna jämföra de olika Cantormängderna med avseende på storlek, leds denna studie vidare till dimensionsanalys av fraktaler som är huvudämnet i den andra delen av denna studie. Olika topologiska fraktaler presenterades, tre olika definitioner av dimension introducerades, bland annat lådräkningsdimensionen och Hausdorffdimensionen. Slutligen approximerades dimensionen av den oregelbundna Cantormängden med hjälp av Hausdorffdimensionen. Denna studie demonstrerar att Hausdorffdimensionen har större omfattning och mer flexibilitet för fraktalstudier.

Кинетика образования бейнита в стали 25Г2С2Н2МА в изотермических условиях исследована металлографическим, дилатометрическим и дюрометрическим методами. Проведено аналитическое описание изотермического бейнитного превращения с помощью уравнения КДМА и логистической функции. Установлено, что описание кинетики бейнитного превращения уравнением КДМА дает в температурном интервале 350…400 °С существенно худшее приближение к экспериментальной кинетике по сравнению с логистической функцией для использованных методов исследования., The kinetics of the bainite transformation in 25G2S2N2MA steel is investigated by metallographic, dilatometric and durometric analysis under isothermal conditions. Two analytical equations (Kolmogorov – Johnson – Mehl – Avrami and logistic) describing the kinetics of bainite transformation are proposed. It is shown that the description of the bainitic transformation kinetics by the KJMA equation in the temperature range 350...400 °C yields sufficiently poorer approximation of the experimental kinetics in comparison with the logistic function.

type:text, This paper proposes a reaching movement model for the generation of desired trajectories within a myoelectric prosthesis training system. First, an experiment was performed to observe reaching movements with a non-impaired subject and a myoelectric prosthesis user. Reaching movements made by the prosthesis user were then adopted to construct a model based on a logistic function. The proposed model can be used to generate three trajectory types with a bell-shaped speed profile with the adjustment of only a few parameters., This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B Number 26730111.

This paper proposes a reaching movement model for the generation of desired trajectories within a myoelectric prosthesis training system. First, an experiment was performed to observe reaching movements with a non-impaired subject and a myoelectric prosthesis user. Reaching movements made by the prosthesis user were then adopted to construct a model based on a logistic function. The proposed model can be used to generate three trajectory types with a bell-shaped speed profile with the adjustment of only a few parameters., This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B Number 26730111.

This paper proposes a reaching movement model for the generation of desired trajectories within a myoelectric prosthesis training system. First, an experiment was performed to observe reaching movements with a non-impaired subject and a myoelectric prosthesis user. Reaching movements made by the prosthesis user were then adopted to construct a model based on a logistic function. The proposed model can be used to generate three trajectory types with a bell-shaped speed profile with the adjustment of only a few parameters., This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B Number 26730111.

Introduction: No Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) formulations currently exist for pediatric tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Earlier work implemented, in the software NONMEM, a rational method for optimizing design and individualization of pediatric anti-TB FDC formulations based on patient body weight, but issues with parameter estimation, dosage strata heterogeneity and representative pharmacokinetics remained. Aim: To further develop the rational model-based methodology aiding the selection of appropriate FDC formulation designs and dosage regimens, in pediatric TB treatment. Materials and Methods: Optimization of the method with respect to the estimation of body weight breakpoints was sought. Heterogeneity of dosage groups with respect to treatment efficiency was sought to be improved. Recently published pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters were implemented and the model translated to MATLAB, where also the performance was evaluated by stochastic estimation and graphical visualization. Results: A logistic function was found better suited as an approximation of breakpoints. None of the estimation methods implemented in NONMEM were more suitable than the originally used FO method. Homogenization of dosage group treatment efficiency could not be solved. MATLAB translation was successful but required stochastic estimations and highlighted high densities of local minima. Representative pharmacokinetics were successfully implemented. Conclusions: NONMEM was found suboptimal for the task due to problems with discontinuities and heterogeneity, but a stepwise method with representative pharmacokinetics were successfully implemented. MATLAB showed more promise in the search for a method also addressing the heterogeneity issue.

Introduction: No Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) formulations currently exist for pediatric tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Earlier work implemented, in the software NONMEM, a rational method for optimizing design and individualization of pediatric anti-TB FDC formulations based on patient body weight, but issues with parameter estimation, dosage strata heterogeneity and representative pharmacokinetics remained. Aim: To further develop the rational model-based methodology aiding the selection of appropriate FDC formulation designs and dosage regimens, in pediatric TB treatment. Materials and Methods: Optimization of the method with respect to the estimation of body weight breakpoints was sought. Heterogeneity of dosage groups with respect to treatment efficiency was sought to be improved. Recently published pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters were implemented and the model translated to MATLAB, where also the performance was evaluated by stochastic estimation and graphical visualization. Results: A logistic function was found better suited as an approximation of breakpoints. None of the estimation methods implemented in NONMEM were more suitable than the originally used FO method. Homogenization of dosage group treatment efficiency could not be solved. MATLAB translation was successful but required stochastic estimations and highlighted high densities of local minima. Representative pharmacokinetics were successfully implemented. Conclusions: NONMEM was found suboptimal for the task due to problems with discontinuities and heterogeneity, but a stepwise method with representative pharmacokinetics were successfully implemented. MATLAB showed more promise in the search for a method also addressing the heterogeneity issue.

The Cox proportional hazards model is widely used in the analysis of medical data either for survival or time to a particular event. Factors and continuous covariates can be easily incorporated into the model and hazard ratios calculated. The model can however be distorted when extreme value observations occur within a continuous covariate and the hazard ratio can become extremely large. To overcome this, transformations of the covariate are often made, which can be simple, e.g. log, or more sophisticated such as the fitting of a fractional polynomial. This paper takes a different approach and makes a transformation based on the logistic function that has the property that the hazard ratio is bounded. The models are introduced and discussed. Model diagnostics based on Schoenfeld residuals and the influence function are established and then data from a pancreatic cancer trial are used to illustrate the model.

Precis som de flesta företag så har True Software Scandinavia AB en produkt där ute i marknaden. Produkten är en mobil applikation som går under namnet Truecaller. För att kunna leverera den bästa upplevelsen till slut användarna så krävs en stor global telefonkatalog. Förutom att företaget har en statistik på hur det har gått och går för deras produkt så finns även behovet att veta hur det kommer att gå i framtiden. Alltså man vill veta hur stor potential det finns i marknaden och med avseende på detta försöka estimera när man når sitt uppsatta mål. Syftet med detta projekt har varit att skapa ett verktyg som kan samla in data och utföra nödvändiga behandlingar för att kunna estimera den framtida tillväxten. Verktyget skapas med hjälp av programmeringsspråket Java och kommer vara i form av ett skrivbords applikation. Eftersom ett sådant verktyg är stort och komplicerad, så kan det lösas genom att delas upp i mindre bestånds delar. Varje del utvecklas för sig själv och allt sätts ihop på slutet. För att hela verktyget ska kunna vara funktionellt och ge något resultat så måste varje delkomponent fungera korrekt. I resultatet kommer vi att verifiera att varje delkomponent utför sitt arbete felfri. Förutom resultatet så kommer dessutom vissa diskussioner kring generell barhet, kritik och förbättringar på arbetet att tas upp i denna rapport., Like most companies, True Software Scandinavia AB has a product out in the market. The product is a mobile application, called Truecaller. In order to deliver the best experience to the end users, a large global phonebook is required. In addition that the company has statistics of how things have gone and are going for their product, there is also a need to know how it will go in the future. Thus they want to know how much potential there is in the market and with regard to this, attempt to estimate when they reach their goal. The purpose of this project is to create a tool that can collect data and perform the necessary process in order to estimate future growth. The tool is created using the Java programming language and will be in the form of a desktop application. As these kinds of tools are large and complex, it will be solved by subdividing it into smaller constituent parts. After each part is separately developed, all parts will be put together at the end. In order for the tool to be functional and give any result, each component must work correctly. In the results, we will verify that each component performs its work faultless. Apart from the result, even some discussions about general sustainability, criticisms and improvements on the work will be included in this report.

Precis som de flesta företag så har True Software Scandinavia AB en produkt där ute i marknaden. Produkten är en mobil applikation som går under namnet Truecaller. För att kunna leverera den bästa upplevelsen till slut användarna så krävs en stor global telefonkatalog. Förutom att företaget har en statistik på hur det har gått och går för deras produkt så finns även behovet att veta hur det kommer att gå i framtiden. Alltså man vill veta hur stor potential det finns i marknaden och med avseende på detta försöka estimera när man når sitt uppsatta mål. Syftet med detta projekt har varit att skapa ett verktyg som kan samla in data och utföra nödvändiga behandlingar för att kunna estimera den framtida tillväxten. Verktyget skapas med hjälp av programmeringsspråket Java och kommer vara i form av ett skrivbords applikation. Eftersom ett sådant verktyg är stort och komplicerad, så kan det lösas genom att delas upp i mindre bestånds delar. Varje del utvecklas för sig själv och allt sätts ihop på slutet. För att hela verktyget ska kunna vara funktionellt och ge något resultat så måste varje delkomponent fungera korrekt. I resultatet kommer vi att verifiera att varje delkomponent utför sitt arbete felfri. Förutom resultatet så kommer dessutom vissa diskussioner kring generell barhet, kritik och förbättringar på arbetet att tas upp i denna rapport., Like most companies, True Software Scandinavia AB has a product out in the market. The product is a mobile application, called Truecaller. In order to deliver the best experience to the end users, a large global phonebook is required. In addition that the company has statistics of how things have gone and are going for their product, there is also a need to know how it will go in the future. Thus they want to know how much potential there is in the market and with regard to this, attempt to estimate when they reach their goal. The purpose of this project is to create a tool that can collect data and perform the necessary process in order to estimate future growth. The tool is created using the Java programming language and will be in the form of a desktop application. As these kinds of tools are large and complex, it will be solved by subdividing it into smaller constituent parts. After each part is separately developed, all parts will be put together at the end. In order for the tool to be functional and give any result, each component must work correctly. In the results, we will verify that each component performs its work faultless. Apart from the result, even some discussions about general sustainability, criticisms and improvements on the work will be included in this report.

The kinetic of non-isothermal dehydration of equilibrium swollen poly(acrylic acid-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel (PAM) has been investigated. Thermogravimetric and conversion dehydration curves were recorded at various heating rates 5-30 K min(-1). The conversion dehydration curves at all investigated temperatures can be mathematically described using the logistic regression function in entire. It was found that activation energy complexly changes with the increasing dehydration degree. Physical meaning of the parameters of logistic function (band w) is given. It was established that, during the dehydration, changes in the fluctuating hydrogel structure occur, and that limiting step on the kinetics of hydrogel dehydration have rate of structural rearrangement of hydrogel (actual relaxation mechanism). A procedure for determining the dependence of effective activation energy on temperature and dehydration degree, based on logistic function, is exposed. Possible explanation for the existence of negative values of activation energy in the certain range of temperature, is given. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The kinetic of non-isothermal dehydration of equilibrium swollen poly(acrylic acid-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel (PAM) has been investigated. Thermogravimetric and conversion dehydration curves were recorded at various heating rates 5-30 K min(-1). The conversion dehydration curves at all investigated temperatures can be mathematically described using the logistic regression function in entire. It was found that activation energy complexly changes with the increasing dehydration degree. Physical meaning of the parameters of logistic function (band w) is given. It was established that, during the dehydration, changes in the fluctuating hydrogel structure occur, and that limiting step on the kinetics of hydrogel dehydration have rate of structural rearrangement of hydrogel (actual relaxation mechanism). A procedure for determining the dependence of effective activation energy on temperature and dehydration degree, based on logistic function, is exposed. Possible explanation for the existence of negative values of activation energy in the certain range of temperature, is given. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This article defines age of transition from juvenile to mature wood in two ring-porous species, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). A logistic function was proposed using fiber length and ring width data of three black locust trees, aged 35-37 yr, and five chestnut coppice trees, aged 25-27 yr, from Sithonia Peninsula, Chalkidiki, Greece. The approach proved to be practical and objective in delineating maturity zones, and it was based on rate of change of yearly fiber length. The juvenile wood zone spread to the sixth growth ring from the pith in both species, whereas the demarcation of juvenile and mature wood was at age 12 and 14 yr in chestnut and black locust, respectively. Transition zone width comprised rings 7-12 in chestnut and rings 7-14 in black locust.

A three-part series presents the development of models for predicting the local thermal sensation (Part I) and local comfort (Part II) of different parts of the human body, and also the whole-body sensation and comfort responses (Part III). The models predict these subjective responses to the environment from thermophysiological measurements or predictions (skin and core temperatures). The models apply to a range of environments: uniform and non-uniform, transient and stable. They are based on diverse results from the literature and from body-part-specific human subject tests in a climate chamber. They were validated against a test of passengers in automobiles. This series is intended to present the rationale, structure, and coefficients for these models so that others can test and develop them further as additional empirical data becomes available. The experimental methods and some measured results from the climate chamber tests have been published previously. Part I describes thermal sensation models representing 19 individual local body parts. The models’ structure and coefficients were derived by regression of skin and core temperatures against thermal sensation votes obtained in the chamber experiments. The sensation for each local body part is predicted by a logistic function with four inputs: local skin temperature, mean skin temperature presenting the whole body thermal state, and the time derivatives of skin and core temperatures representing the response to transients. These inputs can be obtained from thermophysiological computer programs that treat the body as multiple segments.

A three-part series presents the development of models for predicting the local thermal sensation (Part I) and local comfort (Part II) of different parts of the human body, and also the whole-body sensation and comfort responses (Part III). The models predict these subjective responses to the environment from thermophysiological measurements or predictions (skin and core temperatures). The models apply to a range of environments: uniform and non-uniform, transient and stable. They are based on diverse results from the literature and from body-part-specific human subject tests in a climate chamber. They were validated against a test of passengers in automobiles. This series is intended to present the rationale, structure, and coefficients for these models so that others can test and develop them further as additional empirical data becomes available. The experimental methods and some measured results from the climate chamber tests have been published previously. Part I describes thermal sensation models representing 19 individual local body parts. The models’ structure and coefficients were derived by regression of skin and core temperatures against thermal sensation votes obtained in the chamber experiments. The sensation for each local body part is predicted by a logistic function with four inputs: local skin temperature, mean skin temperature presenting the whole body thermal state, and the time derivatives of skin and core temperatures representing the response to transients. These inputs can be obtained from thermophysiological computer programs that treat the body as multiple segments.

In demography there are a variety of mathematical functions that are used to represent population dynamics, such as the exponential and logistic functions. However, these only partially describe reality because the assumptions behind their mathematical representations do not entirely capture the dynamics of populations. The aim of this study was to propose a mathematical function that reflects the evolution of human populations between 1980 and 2005, and which adequately reflects the trajectory of the rate of population growth observed within this period. Using this new function we forecaste the world’s populations to the year 2050., En demografía se han desarrollado una diversidad de funciones matemáticas con el fin de representar la dinámica de la población, entre las que se encuentran la exponencial y la logística. Estas funciones describen parcialmente la realidad, debido a que las hipótesis que están detrás de las representaciones matemáticas antes mencionadas no captan la dinámica de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo es construir una función matemática que muestre la evolución de la población del planeta entre 1980 y el 2005, al tiempo que refleje en forma adecuada la trayectoria de la tasa de crecimiento de la población observada en el periodo señalado. También se realizó un pronóstico de la población mundial al 2050 a partir de la función encontrada.

In demography there are a variety of mathematical functions that are used to represent population dynamics, such as the exponential and logistic functions. However, these only partially describe reality because the assumptions behind their mathematical representations do not entirely capture the dynamics of populations. The aim of this study was to propose a mathematical function that reflects the evolution of human populations between 1980 and 2005, and which adequately reflects the trajectory of the rate of population growth observed within this period. Using this new function we forecaste the world’s populations to the year 2050., En demografía se han desarrollado una diversidad de funciones matemáticas con el fin de representar la dinámica de la población, entre las que se encuentran la exponencial y la logística. Estas funciones describen parcialmente la realidad, debido a que las hipótesis que están detrás de las representaciones matemáticas antes mencionadas no captan la dinámica de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo es construir una función matemática que muestre la evolución de la población del planeta entre 1980 y el 2005, al tiempo que refleje en forma adecuada la trayectoria de la tasa de crecimiento de la población observada en el periodo señalado. También se realizó un pronóstico de la población mundial al 2050 a partir de la función encontrada.

In demography there are a variety of mathematical functions that are used to represent population dynamics, such as the exponential and logistic functions. However, these only partially describe reality because the assumptions behind their mathematical representations do not entirely capture the dynamics of populations. The aim of this study was to propose a mathematical function that reflects the evolution of human populations between 1980 and 2005, and which adequately reflects the trajectory of the rate of population growth observed within this period. Using this new function we forecaste the world’s populations to the year 2050., En demografía se han desarrollado una diversidad de funciones matemáticas con el fin de representar la dinámica de la población, entre las que se encuentran la exponencial y la logística. Estas funciones describen parcialmente la realidad, debido a que las hipótesis que están detrás de las representaciones matemáticas antes mencionadas no captan la dinámica de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo es construir una función matemática que muestre la evolución de la población del planeta entre 1980 y el 2005, al tiempo que refleje en forma adecuada la trayectoria de la tasa de crecimiento de la población observada en el periodo señalado. También se realizó un pronóstico de la población mundial al 2050 a partir de la función encontrada.

In demography there are a variety of mathematical functions that are used to represent population dynamics, such as the exponential and logistic functions. However, these only partially describe reality because the assumptions behind their mathematical representations do not entirely capture the dynamics of populations. The aim of this study was to propose a mathematical function that reflects the evolution of human populations between 1980 and 2005, and which adequately reflects the trajectory of the rate of population growth observed within this period. Using this new function we forecaste the world’s populations to the year 2050., En demografía se han desarrollado una diversidad de funciones matemáticas con el fin de representar la dinámica de la población, entre las que se encuentran la exponencial y la logística. Estas funciones describen parcialmente la realidad, debido a que las hipótesis que están detrás de las representaciones matemáticas antes mencionadas no captan la dinámica de la población. El objetivo del presente trabajo es construir una función matemática que muestre la evolución de la población del planeta entre 1980 y el 2005, al tiempo que refleje en forma adecuada la trayectoria de la tasa de crecimiento de la población observada en el periodo señalado. También se realizó un pronóstico de la población mundial al 2050 a partir de la función encontrada.

Germination requirements and after-ripening effects during one year of dry storage at 15/5 and 25/15°C (day/night) were compared for Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis (Asteraceae). A logistic function was fitted to the results from tests over time in various incubation conditions, using three populations of each species as replicates. Time required for response to dry storage was measured by using a new method; the third derivative of the logistic function. Therefore, a point when major germination was achieved could be detected, without having to rely on maximum germination (which is uncertain), individual data points or any subjectively chosen limit. Fresh seeds of both species were dependent on light for germination and after-ripening was mainly manifested by increasing germination in darkness. Low dormancy status and light requirement might indicate that soil cultivations should rapidly reduce the seed banks of these species, although fecundity and wind dispersal will affect population levels. The species differed in their germination response, with C. bonariensis germinating at lower temperatures than C. canadensis. This seemingly counter-intuitive result may explain the prevention of fatal germination of C. canadensis in cold conditions and its behaviour as a summer annual in northern climates, while C. bonariensis is restricted to warmer parts of the world., The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com: L M KARLSSON & P MILBERG, Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions, 2007, Weed Research, (47), 433-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00576.x. Copyright: Blackwell Publishing www.blackwell-synergy.com

Germination requirements and after-ripening effects during one year of dry storage at 15/5 and 25/15°C (day/night) were compared for Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis (Asteraceae). A logistic function was fitted to the results from tests over time in various incubation conditions, using three populations of each species as replicates. Time required for response to dry storage was measured by using a new method; the third derivative of the logistic function. Therefore, a point when major germination was achieved could be detected, without having to rely on maximum germination (which is uncertain), individual data points or any subjectively chosen limit. Fresh seeds of both species were dependent on light for germination and after-ripening was mainly manifested by increasing germination in darkness. Low dormancy status and light requirement might indicate that soil cultivations should rapidly reduce the seed banks of these species, although fecundity and wind dispersal will affect population levels. The species differed in their germination response, with C. bonariensis germinating at lower temperatures than C. canadensis. This seemingly counter-intuitive result may explain the prevention of fatal germination of C. canadensis in cold conditions and its behaviour as a summer annual in northern climates, while C. bonariensis is restricted to warmer parts of the world., The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com: L M KARLSSON & P MILBERG, Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions, 2007, Weed Research, (47), 433-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00576.x. Copyright: Blackwell Publishing www.blackwell-synergy.com

Germination requirements and after-ripening effects during one year of dry storage at 15/5 and 25/15°C (day/night) were compared for Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis (Asteraceae). A logistic function was fitted to the results from tests over time in various incubation conditions, using three populations of each species as replicates. Time required for response to dry storage was measured by using a new method; the third derivative of the logistic function. Therefore, a point when major germination was achieved could be detected, without having to rely on maximum germination (which is uncertain), individual data points or any subjectively chosen limit. Fresh seeds of both species were dependent on light for germination and after-ripening was mainly manifested by increasing germination in darkness. Low dormancy status and light requirement might indicate that soil cultivations should rapidly reduce the seed banks of these species, although fecundity and wind dispersal will affect population levels. The species differed in their germination response, with C. bonariensis germinating at lower temperatures than C. canadensis. This seemingly counter-intuitive result may explain the prevention of fatal germination of C. canadensis in cold conditions and its behaviour as a summer annual in northern climates, while C. bonariensis is restricted to warmer parts of the world., The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com: L M KARLSSON & P MILBERG, Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions, 2007, Weed Research, (47), 433-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00576.x. Copyright: Blackwell Publishing www.blackwell-synergy.com

Germination requirements and after-ripening effects during one year of dry storage at 15/5 and 25/15°C (day/night) were compared for Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis (Asteraceae). A logistic function was fitted to the results from tests over time in various incubation conditions, using three populations of each species as replicates. Time required for response to dry storage was measured by using a new method; the third derivative of the logistic function. Therefore, a point when major germination was achieved could be detected, without having to rely on maximum germination (which is uncertain), individual data points or any subjectively chosen limit. Fresh seeds of both species were dependent on light for germination and after-ripening was mainly manifested by increasing germination in darkness. Low dormancy status and light requirement might indicate that soil cultivations should rapidly reduce the seed banks of these species, although fecundity and wind dispersal will affect population levels. The species differed in their germination response, with C. bonariensis germinating at lower temperatures than C. canadensis. This seemingly counter-intuitive result may explain the prevention of fatal germination of C. canadensis in cold conditions and its behaviour as a summer annual in northern climates, while C. bonariensis is restricted to warmer parts of the world., The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com: L M KARLSSON & P MILBERG, Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions, 2007, Weed Research, (47), 433-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00576.x. Copyright: Blackwell Publishing www.blackwell-synergy.com

Germination requirements and after-ripening effects during one year of dry storage at 15/5 and 25/15°C (day/night) were compared for Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis (Asteraceae). A logistic function was fitted to the results from tests over time in various incubation conditions, using three populations of each species as replicates. Time required for response to dry storage was measured by using a new method; the third derivative of the logistic function. Therefore, a point when major germination was achieved could be detected, without having to rely on maximum germination (which is uncertain), individual data points or any subjectively chosen limit. Fresh seeds of both species were dependent on light for germination and after-ripening was mainly manifested by increasing germination in darkness. Low dormancy status and light requirement might indicate that soil cultivations should rapidly reduce the seed banks of these species, although fecundity and wind dispersal will affect population levels. The species differed in their germination response, with C. bonariensis germinating at lower temperatures than C. canadensis. This seemingly counter-intuitive result may explain the prevention of fatal germination of C. canadensis in cold conditions and its behaviour as a summer annual in northern climates, while C. bonariensis is restricted to warmer parts of the world., The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com: L M KARLSSON & P MILBERG, Comparing after-ripening response and germination requirements of Conyza canadensis and C. bonariensis (Asteraceae) through logistic functions, 2007, Weed Research, (47), 433-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00576.x. Copyright: Blackwell Publishing www.blackwell-synergy.com

We introduce a family of nonlinear transformations of the traditional cosine curve used in the modeling of biological rhythms. The nonlinear transformation is the sigmoidal family, represented here by three family members: the Hill function, the logistic function, and the arctangent function. These transforms add two additional parameters that must be estimated, in addition to the acrophase, MESOR, and amplitude (and period in some applications), but the estimated curves have shapes requiring many more than 2 additional harmonics to achive the same fit when modeled by harmonic regression. Particular values of the additional parameters can yield rectangular waves, narrow pulses, wide pulses, and for rectangular waves (representing alternating “on” and “off” states) the times of onset and offset. We illustrate the sigmoidally transformed cosine curves, and compare them to harmonic regression modeling, in a sample of 8 activity recordings made on patients in a nursing home. We introduce a family of nonlinear transformations of the traditional cosine curve used in the modeling of biological rhythms. The nonlinear transformation is the sigmoidal family, represented here by three family members: the Hill function, the logistic function, and the arctangent function. These transforms add two additional parameters that must be estimated, in addition to the acrophase, MESOR, and amplitude (and period in some applications), but the estimated curves have shapes requiring many more than 2 additional harmonics to achive the same fit when modeled by harmonic regression. Particular values of the additional parameters can yield rectangular waves, narrow pulses, wide pulses, and for rectangular waves (representing alternating “on” and “off” states) the times of onset and offset. We illustrate the sigmoidally transformed cosine curves, and compare them to harmonic regression modeling, in a sample of 8 activity recordings made on patients in a nursing home.

We introduce a family of nonlinear transformations of the traditional cosine curve used in the modeling of biological rhythms. The nonlinear transformation is the sigmoidal family, represented here by three family members: the Hill function, the logistic function, and the arctangent function. These transforms add two additional parameters that must be estimated, in addition to the acrophase, MESOR, and amplitude (and period in some applications), but the estimated curves have shapes requiring many more than 2 additional harmonics to achive the same fit when modeled by harmonic regression. Particular values of the additional parameters can yield rectangular waves, narrow pulses, wide pulses, and for rectangular waves (representing alternating “on” and “off” states) the times of onset and offset. We illustrate the sigmoidally transformed cosine curves, and compare them to harmonic regression modeling, in a sample of 8 activity recordings made on patients in a nursing home. We introduce a family of nonlinear transformations of the traditional cosine curve used in the modeling of biological rhythms. The nonlinear transformation is the sigmoidal family, represented here by three family members: the Hill function, the logistic function, and the arctangent function. These transforms add two additional parameters that must be estimated, in addition to the acrophase, MESOR, and amplitude (and period in some applications), but the estimated curves have shapes requiring many more than 2 additional harmonics to achive the same fit when modeled by harmonic regression. Particular values of the additional parameters can yield rectangular waves, narrow pulses, wide pulses, and for rectangular waves (representing alternating “on” and “off” states) the times of onset and offset. We illustrate the sigmoidally transformed cosine curves, and compare them to harmonic regression modeling, in a sample of 8 activity recordings made on patients in a nursing home.

This two-year study (1999-2000) analysed the effects of three factors on the germination of caper seeds: the fruit position on the mother plant, the fruit maturation stage and the unit fruit weight. Plants of cultivar Comun were grown in Valencia, Spain. Ripe fruits were collected in September and early October. Mature dark brown seeds were selected. Germination tests were performed in closed Petri dishes in a growth chamber. Germination data were fitted to the logistic function and variables such as the maximum germination percentage; the time to reach 50% of final germination and the mean relative cumulative rate were calculated. The results indicate that the use of the logistic function is adequate to analyse the germination of caper seeds. The final germination percentage was affected by. fruit position and unit fruit weight, but not by the fruit maturation stage. The best results, over 90%, were obtained with fruits of large or medium size and with fruits set in the central or apical region of the branches. The time to reach 50% of final percentage and the mean relative cumulative rate were not affected by the factors studied. There were marked differences between the average values of these variables corresponding to the two years studied.

This two-year study (1999-2000) analysed the effects of three factors on the germination of caper seeds: the fruit position on the mother plant, the fruit maturation stage and the unit fruit weight. Plants of cultivar Comun were grown in Valencia, Spain. Ripe fruits were collected in September and early October. Mature dark brown seeds were selected. Germination tests were performed in closed Petri dishes in a growth chamber. Germination data were fitted to the logistic function and variables such as the maximum germination percentage; the time to reach 50% of final germination and the mean relative cumulative rate were calculated. The results indicate that the use of the logistic function is adequate to analyse the germination of caper seeds. The final germination percentage was affected by. fruit position and unit fruit weight, but not by the fruit maturation stage. The best results, over 90%, were obtained with fruits of large or medium size and with fruits set in the central or apical region of the branches. The time to reach 50% of final percentage and the mean relative cumulative rate were not affected by the factors studied. There were marked differences between the average values of these variables corresponding to the two years studied.

This two-year study (1999-2000) analysed the effects of three factors on the germination of caper seeds: the fruit position on the mother plant, the fruit maturation stage and the unit fruit weight. Plants of cultivar Comun were grown in Valencia, Spain. Ripe fruits were collected in September and early October. Mature dark brown seeds were selected. Germination tests were performed in closed Petri dishes in a growth chamber. Germination data were fitted to the logistic function and variables such as the maximum germination percentage; the time to reach 50% of final germination and the mean relative cumulative rate were calculated. The results indicate that the use of the logistic function is adequate to analyse the germination of caper seeds. The final germination percentage was affected by. fruit position and unit fruit weight, but not by the fruit maturation stage. The best results, over 90%, were obtained with fruits of large or medium size and with fruits set in the central or apical region of the branches. The time to reach 50% of final percentage and the mean relative cumulative rate were not affected by the factors studied. There were marked differences between the average values of these variables corresponding to the two years studied.

Aidoo, E. N., Mueller, U., Hyndes, G. A., & Ryan, K. L. (2016). The effects of measurement uncertainty on spatial characterisation of recreational fishing catch rates. Fisheries Research. 181, 1-13. Available here

This paper proposes a reaching movement model for the generation of desired trajectories within a myoelectric prosthesis training system. First, an experiment was performed to observe reaching movements with a non-impaired subject and a myoelectric prosthesis user. Reaching movements made by the prosthesis user were then adopted to construct a model based on a logistic function. The proposed model can be used to generate three trajectory types with a bell-shaped speed profile with the adjustment of only a few parameters., This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists B Number 26730111.

Cílem diplomové práce byla kultivace mikroorganismů Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 a Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, produkce kyseliny mléčné a modelování těchto procesů pro zjištění bližších charakteristik. Oba mikroorganismy byly nejdříve kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině neextrahované a kávové sedlině, z níž byly vyextrahované lipidy. Byl sledován vliv zdroje dusíku a vliv inokulačního média na průběh kultivace. Zjištěné optimální podmínky byly použité pro následné fermentace v bioreaktorech. Mikroorganismy byly také kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách v kultivačních médiích založených na jednotlivých sacharidech obsažených v hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, pro zjištění schopnosti bakterií utilizovat tyto sacharidy. Fermentací v bioreaktorech bylo dosaženo výtěžnosti kyseliny mléčné ze sacharidů 97 % u Lactobacillus plantarum a 99 % u Bacillus coagulans. Růst a produktivita mikroorganismů byly modelovány v programu MATLAB pomocí logistické, generalizované logistické a Monodovy funkce. Obecně nejlepšího proložení dat bylo dosaženo při použití logistické funkce., The aim of Diploma thesis was the cultivation of microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 and Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 on hydrolysed spent coffee grounds, production of lactid acid and modelling of these processes to find out more detailed characteristics. First, both microorganisms were cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks on spent coffee grounds hydrolysate containing lipids and processed by extraction of lipids, e.g. lipid-free. The effect of nitrogen source and inoculation medium were monitored in the course of cultivation. The optimal conditions found were used for subsequent fermentation in bioreactors. Further, microorganisms were cultivated in the Erlenmeyer flasks in the media with individual carbohydrates typical for hydrolysed spent coffee grounds to determine its ability to utilize these carbohydrates. By fermentation in the bioreactors, the yield of lactic acid from carbohydrates was 97 % in Lactobacillus plantarum and 99 % in Bacillus coagulans, respectively. Models for growth and productivity of microorganisms were processed in MATLAB using logistic, generalized logistic and Monod functions. In general, the best data fit was achieved using a logistic function.

Cílem diplomové práce byla kultivace mikroorganismů Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 a Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, produkce kyseliny mléčné a modelování těchto procesů pro zjištění bližších charakteristik. Oba mikroorganismy byly nejdříve kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině neextrahované a kávové sedlině, z níž byly vyextrahované lipidy. Byl sledován vliv zdroje dusíku a vliv inokulačního média na průběh kultivace. Zjištěné optimální podmínky byly použité pro následné fermentace v bioreaktorech. Mikroorganismy byly také kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách v kultivačních médiích založených na jednotlivých sacharidech obsažených v hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, pro zjištění schopnosti bakterií utilizovat tyto sacharidy. Fermentací v bioreaktorech bylo dosaženo výtěžnosti kyseliny mléčné ze sacharidů 97 % u Lactobacillus plantarum a 99 % u Bacillus coagulans. Růst a produktivita mikroorganismů byly modelovány v programu MATLAB pomocí logistické, generalizované logistické a Monodovy funkce. Obecně nejlepšího proložení dat bylo dosaženo při použití logistické funkce., The aim of Diploma thesis was the cultivation of microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 and Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 on hydrolysed spent coffee grounds, production of lactid acid and modelling of these processes to find out more detailed characteristics. First, both microorganisms were cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks on spent coffee grounds hydrolysate containing lipids and processed by extraction of lipids, e.g. lipid-free. The effect of nitrogen source and inoculation medium were monitored in the course of cultivation. The optimal conditions found were used for subsequent fermentation in bioreactors. Further, microorganisms were cultivated in the Erlenmeyer flasks in the media with individual carbohydrates typical for hydrolysed spent coffee grounds to determine its ability to utilize these carbohydrates. By fermentation in the bioreactors, the yield of lactic acid from carbohydrates was 97 % in Lactobacillus plantarum and 99 % in Bacillus coagulans, respectively. Models for growth and productivity of microorganisms were processed in MATLAB using logistic, generalized logistic and Monod functions. In general, the best data fit was achieved using a logistic function.

Cílem diplomové práce byla kultivace mikroorganismů Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 a Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, produkce kyseliny mléčné a modelování těchto procesů pro zjištění bližších charakteristik. Oba mikroorganismy byly nejdříve kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině neextrahované a kávové sedlině, z níž byly vyextrahované lipidy. Byl sledován vliv zdroje dusíku a vliv inokulačního média na průběh kultivace. Zjištěné optimální podmínky byly použité pro následné fermentace v bioreaktorech. Mikroorganismy byly také kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách v kultivačních médiích založených na jednotlivých sacharidech obsažených v hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, pro zjištění schopnosti bakterií utilizovat tyto sacharidy. Fermentací v bioreaktorech bylo dosaženo výtěžnosti kyseliny mléčné ze sacharidů 97 % u Lactobacillus plantarum a 99 % u Bacillus coagulans. Růst a produktivita mikroorganismů byly modelovány v programu MATLAB pomocí logistické, generalizované logistické a Monodovy funkce. Obecně nejlepšího proložení dat bylo dosaženo při použití logistické funkce., The aim of Diploma thesis was the cultivation of microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 and Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 on hydrolysed spent coffee grounds, production of lactid acid and modelling of these processes to find out more detailed characteristics. First, both microorganisms were cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks on spent coffee grounds hydrolysate containing lipids and processed by extraction of lipids, e.g. lipid-free. The effect of nitrogen source and inoculation medium were monitored in the course of cultivation. The optimal conditions found were used for subsequent fermentation in bioreactors. Further, microorganisms were cultivated in the Erlenmeyer flasks in the media with individual carbohydrates typical for hydrolysed spent coffee grounds to determine its ability to utilize these carbohydrates. By fermentation in the bioreactors, the yield of lactic acid from carbohydrates was 97 % in Lactobacillus plantarum and 99 % in Bacillus coagulans, respectively. Models for growth and productivity of microorganisms were processed in MATLAB using logistic, generalized logistic and Monod functions. In general, the best data fit was achieved using a logistic function.

Cílem diplomové práce byla kultivace mikroorganismů Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 a Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, produkce kyseliny mléčné a modelování těchto procesů pro zjištění bližších charakteristik. Oba mikroorganismy byly nejdříve kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách na hydrolyzované kávové sedlině neextrahované a kávové sedlině, z níž byly vyextrahované lipidy. Byl sledován vliv zdroje dusíku a vliv inokulačního média na průběh kultivace. Zjištěné optimální podmínky byly použité pro následné fermentace v bioreaktorech. Mikroorganismy byly také kultivovány v Erlenmeyerových baňkách v kultivačních médiích založených na jednotlivých sacharidech obsažených v hydrolyzované kávové sedlině, pro zjištění schopnosti bakterií utilizovat tyto sacharidy. Fermentací v bioreaktorech bylo dosaženo výtěžnosti kyseliny mléčné ze sacharidů 97 % u Lactobacillus plantarum a 99 % u Bacillus coagulans. Růst a produktivita mikroorganismů byly modelovány v programu MATLAB pomocí logistické, generalizované logistické a Monodovy funkce. Obecně nejlepšího proložení dat bylo dosaženo při použití logistické funkce., The aim of Diploma thesis was the cultivation of microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 7039 and Bacillus coagulans CCM 2658 on hydrolysed spent coffee grounds, production of lactid acid and modelling of these processes to find out more detailed characteristics. First, both microorganisms were cultivated in Erlenmeyer flasks on spent coffee grounds hydrolysate containing lipids and processed by extraction of lipids, e.g. lipid-free. The effect of nitrogen source and inoculation medium were monitored in the course of cultivation. The optimal conditions found were used for subsequent fermentation in bioreactors. Further, microorganisms were cultivated in the Erlenmeyer flasks in the media with individual carbohydrates typical for hydrolysed spent coffee grounds to determine its ability to utilize these carbohydrates. By fermentation in the bioreactors, the yield of lactic acid from carbohydrates was 97 % in Lactobacillus plantarum and 99 % in Bacillus coagulans, respectively. Models for growth and productivity of microorganisms were processed in MATLAB using logistic, generalized logistic and Monod functions. In general, the best data fit was achieved using a logistic function.