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3,841 results on '"Loeb A"'

1. Constraints on an Anisotropic Universe

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We analyze the possibility of global anisotropy of the universe. We consider an altered Friedmann Lemaitre Robertson Walker metric in which there are different scale factors along the three different axes of space. We construct the corresponding altered Friedmann equations. We show that any initial anisotropies decrease into the future. At late times, the difference in Hubble parameters changes as $1/\sqrt{t}$ in a radiation dominated era and as $1/t$ in a matter dominated era. We use constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Cosmic Microwave Background to constrain the level of anisotropies at early times. We also examine how the approach back in time to the singularity is radically altered; happening much more abruptly, as a function of density, in an anisotropic universe. We also mention improved bounds that can arise from measurements of primordial gravitons, Weakly interacting massive particles, and neutrinos., Comment: 10 pages in double column format, 4 figures. V2: Added references. V3: Updated towards version published in Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2024

2. The burden of significant pain in the cirrhosis population: Risk factors, analgesic use, and impact on health care utilization and clinical outcomes

Author: Rubin, Jessica B, Rubin, Jessica B, Loeb, Rebecca, Fenton, Cynthia, Huang, Chiung-Yu, Keyhani, Salomeh, Seal, Karen H, Lai, Jennifer C, Rubin, Jessica B, Rubin, Jessica B, Loeb, Rebecca, Fenton, Cynthia, Huang, Chiung-Yu, Keyhani, Salomeh, Seal, Karen H, and Lai, Jennifer C
Abstract: BackgroundWe aimed to characterize pain and analgesic use in a large contemporary cohort of patients with cirrhosis and to associate pain with unplanned health care utilization and clinical outcomes in this population.MethodsWe included all patients with cirrhosis seen in UCSF hepatology clinics from 2013 to 2020. Pain severity and location were determined using documented pain scores at the initial visit; "significant pain" was defined as moderate or severe using established cutoffs. Demographic, clinical, and medication data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Associations between significant pain and our primary outcome of 1-year unplanned health care utilization (ie, emergency department visit or hospitalization) and our secondary outcomes of mortality and liver transplantation were explored in multivariable models.ResultsAmong 5333 patients with cirrhosis, 32% had a nonzero pain score at their initial visit and 25% had significant (ie moderate/severe) pain. Sixty percent of patients with significant pain used ≥1 analgesic; 34% used opioids. Patients with cirrhosis with significant pain had similar Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium scores (14 vs. 13), but higher rates of decompensation (65% vs. 55%). The most common pain location was the abdomen (44%). Patients with abdominal pain, compared to pain in other locations, were more likely to have decompensation (72% vs. 56%). Significant pain was independently associated with unplanned health care utilization (adjusted odds ratio: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.5) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6).ConclusionsPain among patients with cirrhosis is often not well-controlled despite analgesic use, and significant pain is associated with unplanned health care utilization and mortality in this population. Effectively identifying and treating pain are essential in reducing costs and improving quality of life and outcomes among patients with cirrhosis.
Published: 2024

3. Parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination: Reliability and validity in a treatment-seeking sample.

Author: Hail, Lisa, Hail, Lisa, Drury, Catherine, McGrath, Robert, Murray, Stuart, Hughes, Elizabeth, Sawyer, Susan, Le Grange, Daniel, Loeb, Katharine, Hail, Lisa, Hail, Lisa, Drury, Catherine, McGrath, Robert, Murray, Stuart, Hughes, Elizabeth, Sawyer, Susan, Le Grange, Daniel, and Loeb, Katharine
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of eating disorders (ED) in youth relies heavily on self-report, yet persistent lack of recognition of the presence and/or seriousness of symptoms can be intrinsic to ED. This study examines the psychometric properties of a semi-structured interview, the parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination (PEDE), developed to systematically assess caregiver report of symptoms. METHODS: A multi-site, clinical sample of youth (N = 522; age range: 12 to 18 years) seeking treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) and subsyndromal AN were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) for youth and the PEDE for collateral caregiver report. RESULTS: Internal consistencies of the four PEDE subscales were on par with established ranges for the EDE. Significant medium-sized correlations and poor to moderate levels of agreement were found between the corresponding subscales on each measure. For the PEDE, confirmatory factor analysis of the EDE four-factor model provided a poor fit; an exploratory factor analysis indicated that a 3-factor model better fits the PEDE. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that the PEDE has psychometric properties on par with the original EDE. The addition of the caregiver perspective may provide incremental information that can aid in the assessment of AN in youth. Future research is warranted to establish psychometric properties of the PEDE in broader transdiagnostic ED samples.
Published: 2024

4. Current genomic deep learning models display decreased performance in cell type-specific accessible regions.

Author: Kathail, Pooja, Kathail, Pooja, Shuai, Richard, Chung, Ryan, Ye, Chun, Loeb, Gabriel, Ioannidis, Nilah, Kathail, Pooja, Kathail, Pooja, Shuai, Richard, Chung, Ryan, Ye, Chun, Loeb, Gabriel, and Ioannidis, Nilah
Abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of deep learning models have been developed to predict epigenetic features such as chromatin accessibility from DNA sequence. Model evaluations commonly report performance genome-wide; however, cis regulatory elements (CREs), which play critical roles in gene regulation, make up only a small fraction of the genome. Furthermore, cell type-specific CREs contain a large proportion of complex disease heritability. RESULTS: We evaluate genomic deep learning models in chromatin accessibility regions with varying degrees of cell type specificity. We assess two modeling directions in the field: general purpose models trained across thousands of outputs (cell types and epigenetic marks) and models tailored to specific tissues and tasks. We find that the accuracy of genomic deep learning models, including two state-of-the-art general purpose models-Enformer and Sei-varies across the genome and is reduced in cell type-specific accessible regions. Using accessibility models trained on cell types from specific tissues, we find that increasing model capacity to learn cell type-specific regulatory syntax-through single-task learning or high capacity multi-task models-can improve performance in cell type-specific accessible regions. We also observe that improving reference sequence predictions does not consistently improve variant effect predictions, indicating that novel strategies are needed to improve performance on variants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a new perspective on the performance of genomic deep learning models, showing that performance varies across the genome and is particularly reduced in cell type-specific accessible regions. We also identify strategies to maximize performance in cell type-specific accessible regions.
Published: 2024

5. Critical Analysis of Replacing Dark Matter and Dark Energy with a Model of Stochastic Spacetime

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We analyze consequences of trying to replace dark matter and dark energy with models of stochastic spacetime. In particular, we analyze the model put forth by Ref. [1], in which it is claimed that ``post-quantum classical gravity" (PQCG), a stochastic theory of gravity, leads to modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) behavior on galactic scales that reproduces galactic rotation curves. We show that this analysis has four basic problems: (i) the equations of PQCG do not lead to a new large scale force of the form claimed in the paper, (ii) the form claimed is not of the MONDian form anyhow and so does not correspond to observed galactic dynamics, (iii) the spectrum of fluctuations is very different from observations, and (iv) we also identify some theoretical problems in these models., Comment: 10 pages in double column format, 1 figure. V2: More details including analysis of fluctuations. V3: Further details. V4: Analysis of temporal correlations. V5: Updated towards version accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2024

6. Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

Author: Boeger, Walter A, Valim, Michel P, Zaher, Hussam, Rafael, José A, Forzza, Rafaela C, Percequillo, Alexandre R, Serejo, Cristiana S, Garraffoni, André RS, Santos, Adalberto J, Slipinski, Adam, Linzmeier, Adelita M, Calor, Adolfo R, Garda, Adrian A, Kury, Adriano B, Fernandes, Agatha CS, Agudo-Padrón, Aisur I, Akama, Alberto, Silva Neto, Alberto M da, Burbano, Alejandro L, Menezes, Aleksandra, Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre, Anichtchenko, Alexander, Lees, Alexander C, Bezerra, Alexandra MR, Domahovski, Alexandre C, Pimenta, Alexandre D, Aleixo, Alexandre LP, Marceniuk, Alexandre P, Paula, Alexandre S de, Somavilla, Alexandre, Specht, Alexandre, Camargo, Alexssandro, Newton, Alfred F, Silva, Aline AS da, Santos, Aline B dos, Tassi, Aline D, Aragão, Allan C, Santos, Allan PM, Migotto, Alvaro E, Mendes, Amanda C, Cunha, Amanda, Chagas Júnior, Amazonas, Sousa, Ana AT de, Pavan, Ana C, Almeida, Ana CS, Peronti, Ana LBG, Henriques-Oliveira, Ana L, Prudente, Ana L, Tourinho, Ana L, Pes, Ana MO, Carmignotto, Ana P, Wengrat, Ana PG da Silva, Dornellas, Ana PS, Molin, Anamaria Dal, Puker, Anderson, Morandini, André C, Ferreira, André da S, Martins, André L, Esteves, André M, Fernandes, André S, Roza, André S, Köhler, Andreas, Paladini, Andressa, Andrade, Andrey J de, Pinto, Ângelo P, Salles, Anna C de A, Gondim, Anne I, Amaral, Antonia CZ, Rondón, Antonio AA, Brescovit, Antonio, Lofego, Antônio C, Marques, Antonio C, Macedo, Antonio, Andriolo, Artur, Henriques, Augusto L, Ferreira Júnior, Augusto L, Lima, Aurino F de, Barros, Ávyla R de A, Brito, Ayrton do R, Romera, Bárbara LV, Vasconcelos, Beatriz MC de, Frable, Benjamin W, Santos, Bernardo F, Ferraz, Bernardo R, Rosa, Brunno B, Sampaio, Brunno HL, Bellini, Bruno C, Clarkson, Bruno, Oliveira, Bruno G de, Corrêa, Caio CD, Martins, Caleb C, Castro-Guedes, Camila F de, Souto, Camilla, Bicho, Carla de L, Cunha, Carlo M, Barboza, Carlos A de M, Lucena, Carlos AS de, Barreto, Carlos, Santana, Carlos DCM de, Agne, Carlos EQ, Mielke, Carlos GC, Caetano, Carlos HS, Flechtmann, Carlos HW, Lamas, Carlos JE, Rocha, Carlos, Mascarenhas, Carolina S, Margaría, Cecilia B, Waichert, Cecilia, Digiani, Celina, Haddad, Célio FB, Azevedo, Celso O, Benetti, Cesar J, Santos, Charles MD dos, Bartlett, Charles R, Bonvicino, Cibele, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S, Santos, Cinthya SG, Justino, Cíntia EL, Canedo, Clarissa, Bonecker, Claudia C, Santos, Cláudia P, Carvalho, Claudio JB de, Gonçalves, Clayton C, Galvão, Cleber, Costa, Cleide, Oliveira, Cléo DC de, Schwertner, Cristiano F, Andrade, Cristiano L, Pereira, Cristiano M, Sampaio, Cristiano, Dias, Cristina de O, Lucena, Daercio A de A, Manfio, Daiara, Amorim, Dalton de S, Queiroz, Dalva L de, Colpani, Daniara, Abbate, Daniel, Aquino, Daniel A, Burckhardt, Daniel, Cavallari, Daniel C, Prado, Daniel de C Schelesky, Praciano, Daniel L, Basílio, Daniel S, Bená, Daniela de C, Toledo, Daniela GP de, Takiya, Daniela M, Fernandes, Daniell RR, Ament, Danilo C, Cordeiro, Danilo P, Silva, Darliane E, Pollock, Darren A, Muniz, David B, Gibson, David I, Nogueira, David S, Marques, Dayse WA, Lucatelli, Débora, Garcia, Deivys MA, Baêta, Délio, Ferreira, Denise NM, Rueda-Ramírez, Diana, Fachin, Diego A, Souza, Diego de S, Rodrigues, Diego F, Pádua, Diego G de, Barbosa, Diego N, Dolibaina, Diego R, Amaral, Diogo C, Chandler, Donald S, Maccagnan, Douglas HB, Caron, Edilson, Carvalho, Edrielly, Adriano, Edson A, Abreu Júnior, Edson F de, Pereira, Edson HL, Viegas, Eduarda FG, Carneiro, Eduardo, Colley, Eduardo, Eizirik, Eduardo, Santos, Eduardo F dos, Shimbori, Eduardo M, Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Arruda, Eliane P de, Chiquito, Elisandra A, Lima, Élison FB, Castro, Elizeu B de, Orlandin, Elton, Nascimento, Elynton A do, Razzolini, Emanuel, Gama, Emanuel RR, Araujo, Enilma M de, Nishiyama, Eric Y, Spiessberger, Erich L, Santos, Érika CL dos, Contreras, Eugenia F, Galati, Eunice AB, Oliveira Junior, Evaldo C de, Gallardo, Fabiana, Hernandes, Fabio A, Lansac-Tôha, Fábio A, Pitombo, Fabio B, Dario, Fabio Di, Santos, Fábio L dos, Mauro, Fabio, Nascimento, Fabio O do, Olmos, Fabio, Amaral, Fabio R, Schunck, Fabio, Godoi, Fábio SP de, Machado, Fabrizio M, Barbo, Fausto E, Agrain, Federico A, Ribeiro, Felipe B, Moreira, Felipe FF, Barbosa, Felipe F, Silva, Fenanda S, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F, Straube, Fernando C, Carbayo, Fernando, Carvalho Filho, Fernando, Zanella, Fernando CV, Jacinavicius, Fernando de C, Farache, Fernando HA, Leivas, Fernando, Dias, Fernando MS, Mantellato, Fernando, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z, Gudin, Filipe M, Albuquerque, Flávio, Molina, Flavio B, Passos, Flávio D, Shockley, Floyd W, Pinheiro, Francielly F, Mello, Francisco de AG de, Nascimento, Francisco E de L, Franco, Francisco L, Oliveira, Francisco L de, Melo, Francisco T de V, Quijano, Freddy RB, Salles, Frederico F, Biffi, Gabriel, Queiroz, Gabriel C, Bizarro, Gabriel L, Hrycyna, Gabriela, Leviski, Gabriela, Powell, Gareth S, Santos, Geane B dos, Morse, Geoffrey E, Brown, George, Mattox, George MT, Zimbrão, Geraldo, Carvalho, Gervásio S, Miranda, Gil FG, Moraes, Gilberto J de, Lourido, Gilcélia M, Neves, Gilmar P, Moreira, Gilson RP, Montingelli, Giovanna G, Maurício, Giovanni N, Marconato, Gláucia, Lopez, Guilherme EL, Silva, Guilherme L da, Muricy, Guilherme, Brito, Guilherme RR, Garbino, Guilherme ST, Flores, Gustavo E, Graciolli, Gustavo, Libardi, Gustavo S, Proctor, Heather C, Gil-Santana, Helcio R, Varella, Henrique R, Escalona, Hermes E, Schmitz, Hermes J, Rodrigues, Higor DD, Galvão Filho, Hilton de C, Quintino, Hingrid YS, Pinto, Hudson A, Rainho, Hugo L, Miyahira, Igor C, Gonçalves, Igor de S, Martins, Inês X, Cardoso, Irene A, Oliveira, Ismael B de, Franz, Ismael, Fernandes, Itanna O, Golfetti, Ivan F, S. Campos-Filho, Ivanklin, Oliveira, Ivo de S, Delabie, Jacques HC, Oliveira, Jader de, Prando, Jadila S, Patton, James L, Bitencourt, Jamille de A, Silva, Janaina M, Santos, Jandir C, Arruda, Janine O, Valderrama, Jefferson S, Dalapicolla, Jeronymo, Oliveira, Jéssica P, Hájek, Jiri, Morselli, João P, Narita, João P, Martin, João PI, Grazia, Jocélia, McHugh, Joe, Cherem, Jorge J, Farias Júnior, José AS, Fernandes, Jose AM, Pacheco, José F, Birindelli, José LO, Rezende, José M, Avendaño, Jose M, Duarte, José M Barbanti, Ribeiro, José R Inácio, Mermudes, José RM, Pujol-Luz, José R, Santos, Josenilson R dos, Câmara, Josenir T, Teixeira, Joyce A, Prado, Joyce R do, Botero, Juan P, Almeida, Julia C, Kohler, Julia, Gonçalves, Julia P, Beneti, Julia S, Donahue, Julian P, Alvim, Juliana, Almeida, Juliana C, Segadilha, Juliana L, Wingert, Juliana M, Barbosa, Julianna F, Ferrer, Juliano, Santos, Juliano F dos, Kuabara, Kamila MD, Nascimento, Karine B, Schoeninger, Karine, Campião, Karla M, Soares, Karla, Zilch, Kássia, Barão, Kim R, Teixeira, Larissa, Sousa, Laura D do NM de, Dumas, Leandro L, Vieira, Leandro M, Azevedo, Leonardo HG, Carvalho, Leonardo S, Souza, Leonardo S de, Rocha, Leonardo SG, Bernardi, Leopoldo FO, Vieira, Letícia M, Johann, Liana, Salvatierra, Lidianne, Oliveira, Livia de M, Loureiro, Lourdes MA El-moor, Barreto, Luana B, Barros, Luana M, Lecci, Lucas, Camargos, Lucas M de, Lima, Lucas RC, Almeida, Lucia M, Martins, Luciana R, Marinoni, Luciane, Moura, Luciano de A, Lima, Luciano, Naka, Luciano N, Miranda, Lucília S, Salik, Lucy M, Bezerra, Luis EA, Silveira, Luis F, Campos, Luiz A, Castro, Luiz AS de, Pinho, Luiz C, Silveira, Luiz FL, Iniesta, Luiz FM, Tencatt, Luiz FC, Simone, Luiz RL, Malabarba, Luiz R, Cruz, Luiza S da, Sekerka, Lukas, Barros, Lurdiana D, Santos, Luziany Q, Skoracki, Maciej, Correia, Maira A, Uchoa, Manoel A, Andrade, Manuella FG, Hermes, Marcel G, Miranda, Marcel S, Araújo, Marcel S de, Monné, Marcela L, Labruna, Marcelo B, Santis, Marcelo D de, Duarte, Marcelo, Knoff, Marcelo, Nogueira, Marcelo, Britto, Marcelo R de, Melo, Marcelo RS de, Carvalho, Marcelo R de, Tavares, Marcelo T, Kitahara, Marcelo V, Justo, Marcia CN, Botelho, Marcia JC, Couri, Márcia S, Borges-Martins, Márcio, Felix, Márcio, Oliveira, Marcio L de, Bologna, Marco A, Gottschalk, Marco S, Tavares, Marcos DS, Lhano, Marcos G, Bevilaqua, Marcus, Santos, Marcus TT, Domingues, Marcus V, Sallum, Maria AM, Digiani, María C, Santarém, Maria CA, Nascimento, Maria C do, Becerril, María de los AM, Santos, Maria EA dos, Passos, Maria I da S dos, Felippe-Bauer, Maria L, Cherman, Mariana A, Terossi, Mariana, Bartz, Marie LC, Barbosa, Marina F de C, Loeb, Marina V, Cohn-Haft, Mario, Cupello, Mario, Martins, Marlúcia B, Christofersen, Martin L, Bento, Matheus, Rocha, Matheus dos S, Martins, Maurício L, Segura, Melissa O, Cardenas, Melissa Q, Duarte, Mércia E, Ivie, Michael A, Mincarone, Michael M, Borges, Michela, Monné, Miguel A, Casagrande, Mirna M, Fernandez, Monica A, Piovesan, Mônica, Menezes, Naércio A, Benaim, Natalia P, Reategui, Natália S, Pedro, Natan C, Pecly, Nathalia H, Ferreira Júnior, Nelson, Silva Júnior, Nelson J da, Perioto, Nelson W, Hamada, Neusa, Degallier, Nicolas, Chao, Ning L, Ferla, Noeli J, Mielke, Olaf HH, Evangelista, Olivia, Shibatta, Oscar A, Oliveira, Otto MP, Albornoz, Pablo CL, Dellapé, Pablo M, Gonçalves, Pablo R, Shimabukuro, Paloma HF, Grossi, Paschoal, Rodrigues, Patrícia E da S, Lima, Patricia OV, Velazco, Paul, Santos, Paula B dos, Araújo, Paula B, Silva, Paula KR, Riccardi, Paula R, Garcia, Paulo C de A, Passos, Paulo GH, Corgosinho, Paulo HC, Lucinda, Paulo, Costa, Paulo MS, Alves, Paulo P, Roth, Paulo R de O, Coelho, Paulo RS, Duarte, Paulo RM, Carvalho, Pedro F de, Gnaspini, Pedro, Souza-Dias, Pedro GB, Linardi, Pedro M, Bartholomay, Pedro R, Demite, Peterson R, Bulirsch, Petr, Boll, Piter K, Pereira, Rachel MM, Silva, Rafael APF, Moura, Rafael B de, Boldrini, Rafael, Silva, Rafaela A da, Falaschi, Rafaela L, Cordeiro, Ralf TS, Mello, Ramon JCL, Singer, Randal A, Querino, Ranyse B, Heleodoro, Raphael A, Castilho, Raphael de C, Constantino, Reginaldo, Guedes, Reinaldo C, Carrenho, Renan, Gomes, Renata S, Gregorin, Renato, Machado, Renato JP, Bérnils, Renato S, Capellari, Renato S, Silva, Ricardo B, Kawada, Ricardo, Dias, Ricardo M, Siewert, Ricardo, Brugnera, Ricaro, Leschen, Richard AB, Constantin, Robert, Robbins, Robert, Pinto, Roberta R, Reis, Roberto E dos, Ramos, Robson T da C, Cavichioli, Rodney R, Barros, Rodolfo C de, Caires, Rodrigo A, Salvador, Rodrigo B, Marques, Rodrigo C, Araújo, Rodrigo C, Araujo, Rodrigo de O, Dios, Rodrigo de VP, Johnsson, Rodrigo, Feitosa, Rodrigo M, Hutchings, Roger W, Lara, Rogéria IR, Rossi, Rogério V, Gerstmeier, Roland, Ochoa, Ronald, Hutchings, Rosa SG, Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, Rocha, Rosana M da, Tidon, Rosana, Brito, Rosangela, Pellens, Roseli, Santos, Sabrina R dos, Santos, Sandra D dos, Paiva, Sandra V, Santos, Sandro, Oliveira, Sarah S de, Costa, Sávio C, Gardner, Scott L, Leal, Sebastián A Muñoz, Aloquio, Sergio, Bonecker, Sergio LC, Bueno, Sergio L de S, Almeida, Sérgio M de, Stampar, Sérgio N, Andena, Sérgio R, Posso, Sergio R, Lima, Sheila P, Gadelha, Sian de S, Thiengo, Silvana C, Cohen, Simone C, Brandão, Simone N, Rosa, Simone P, Ribeiro, Síria LB, Letana, Sócrates D, Santos, Sonia B dos, Andrade, Sonia CS, Dávila, Stephane, Vaz, Stéphanie, Peck, Stewart B, Christo, Susete W, Cunha, Suzan BZ, Gomes, Suzete R, Duarte, Tácio, Madeira-Ott, Taís, Marques, Taísa, Roell, Talita, Lima, Tarcilla C de, Sepulveda, Tatiana A, Maria, Tatiana F, Ruschel, Tatiana P, Rodrigues, Thaiana, Marinho, Thais A, Almeida, Thaís M de, Miranda, Thaís P, Freitas, Thales RO, Pereira, Thalles PL, Zacca, Thamara, Pacheco, Thaynara L, Martins, Thiago F, Alvarenga, Thiago M, Carvalho, Thiago R de, Polizei, Thiago TS, McElrath, Thomas C, Henry, Thomas, Pikart, Tiago G, Porto, Tiago J, Krolow, Tiago K, Carvalho, Tiago P, Lotufo, Tito M da C, Caramaschi, Ulisses, Pinheiro, Ulisses dos S, Pardiñas, Ulyses FJ, Maia, Valéria C, Tavares, Valeria, Costa, Valmir A, Amaral, Vanessa S do, Silva, Vera C, Wolff, Vera R dos S, Slobodian, Verônica, Silva, Vinícius B da, Espíndola, Vinicius C, Costa-Silva, Vinicius da, Bertaco, Vinicius de A, Padula, Vinícius, Ferreira, Vinicius S, Silva, Vitor CP da, Piacentini, Vítor de Q, Sandoval-Gómez, Vivian E, Trevine, Vivian, Sousa, Viviane R, Sant’Anna, Vivianne B de, Mathis, Wayne N, Souza, Wesley de O, Colombo, Wesley D, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Wosiacki, Wolmar B, Ovando, Ximena MC, Leite, Yuri LR, Boeger, Walter A, Valim, Michel P, Zaher, Hussam, Rafael, José A, Forzza, Rafaela C, Percequillo, Alexandre R, Serejo, Cristiana S, Garraffoni, André RS, Santos, Adalberto J, Slipinski, Adam, Linzmeier, Adelita M, Calor, Adolfo R, Garda, Adrian A, Kury, Adriano B, Fernandes, Agatha CS, Agudo-Padrón, Aisur I, Akama, Alberto, Silva Neto, Alberto M da, Burbano, Alejandro L, Menezes, Aleksandra, Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre, Anichtchenko, Alexander, Lees, Alexander C, Bezerra, Alexandra MR, Domahovski, Alexandre C, Pimenta, Alexandre D, Aleixo, Alexandre LP, Marceniuk, Alexandre P, Paula, Alexandre S de, Somavilla, Alexandre, Specht, Alexandre, Camargo, Alexssandro, Newton, Alfred F, Silva, Aline AS da, Santos, Aline B dos, Tassi, Aline D, Aragão, Allan C, Santos, Allan PM, Migotto, Alvaro E, Mendes, Amanda C, Cunha, Amanda, Chagas Júnior, Amazonas, Sousa, Ana AT de, Pavan, Ana C, Almeida, Ana CS, Peronti, Ana LBG, Henriques-Oliveira, Ana L, Prudente, Ana L, Tourinho, Ana L, Pes, Ana MO, Carmignotto, Ana P, Wengrat, Ana PG da Silva, Dornellas, Ana PS, Molin, Anamaria Dal, Puker, Anderson, Morandini, André C, Ferreira, André da S, Martins, André L, Esteves, André M, Fernandes, André S, Roza, André S, Köhler, Andreas, Paladini, Andressa, Andrade, Andrey J de, Pinto, Ângelo P, Salles, Anna C de A, Gondim, Anne I, Amaral, Antonia CZ, Rondón, Antonio AA, Brescovit, Antonio, Lofego, Antônio C, Marques, Antonio C, Macedo, Antonio, Andriolo, Artur, Henriques, Augusto L, Ferreira Júnior, Augusto L, Lima, Aurino F de, Barros, Ávyla R de A, Brito, Ayrton do R, Romera, Bárbara LV, Vasconcelos, Beatriz MC de, Frable, Benjamin W, Santos, Bernardo F, Ferraz, Bernardo R, Rosa, Brunno B, Sampaio, Brunno HL, Bellini, Bruno C, Clarkson, Bruno, Oliveira, Bruno G de, Corrêa, Caio CD, Martins, Caleb C, Castro-Guedes, Camila F de, Souto, Camilla, Bicho, Carla de L, Cunha, Carlo M, Barboza, Carlos A de M, Lucena, Carlos AS de, Barreto, Carlos, Santana, Carlos DCM de, Agne, Carlos EQ, Mielke, Carlos GC, Caetano, Carlos HS, Flechtmann, Carlos HW, Lamas, Carlos JE, Rocha, Carlos, Mascarenhas, Carolina S, Margaría, Cecilia B, Waichert, Cecilia, Digiani, Celina, Haddad, Célio FB, Azevedo, Celso O, Benetti, Cesar J, Santos, Charles MD dos, Bartlett, Charles R, Bonvicino, Cibele, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S, Santos, Cinthya SG, Justino, Cíntia EL, Canedo, Clarissa, Bonecker, Claudia C, Santos, Cláudia P, Carvalho, Claudio JB de, Gonçalves, Clayton C, Galvão, Cleber, Costa, Cleide, Oliveira, Cléo DC de, Schwertner, Cristiano F, Andrade, Cristiano L, Pereira, Cristiano M, Sampaio, Cristiano, Dias, Cristina de O, Lucena, Daercio A de A, Manfio, Daiara, Amorim, Dalton de S, Queiroz, Dalva L de, Colpani, Daniara, Abbate, Daniel, Aquino, Daniel A, Burckhardt, Daniel, Cavallari, Daniel C, Prado, Daniel de C Schelesky, Praciano, Daniel L, Basílio, Daniel S, Bená, Daniela de C, Toledo, Daniela GP de, Takiya, Daniela M, Fernandes, Daniell RR, Ament, Danilo C, Cordeiro, Danilo P, Silva, Darliane E, Pollock, Darren A, Muniz, David B, Gibson, David I, Nogueira, David S, Marques, Dayse WA, Lucatelli, Débora, Garcia, Deivys MA, Baêta, Délio, Ferreira, Denise NM, Rueda-Ramírez, Diana, Fachin, Diego A, Souza, Diego de S, Rodrigues, Diego F, Pádua, Diego G de, Barbosa, Diego N, Dolibaina, Diego R, Amaral, Diogo C, Chandler, Donald S, Maccagnan, Douglas HB, Caron, Edilson, Carvalho, Edrielly, Adriano, Edson A, Abreu Júnior, Edson F de, Pereira, Edson HL, Viegas, Eduarda FG, Carneiro, Eduardo, Colley, Eduardo, Eizirik, Eduardo, Santos, Eduardo F dos, Shimbori, Eduardo M, Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Arruda, Eliane P de, Chiquito, Elisandra A, Lima, Élison FB, Castro, Elizeu B de, Orlandin, Elton, Nascimento, Elynton A do, Razzolini, Emanuel, Gama, Emanuel RR, Araujo, Enilma M de, Nishiyama, Eric Y, Spiessberger, Erich L, Santos, Érika CL dos, Contreras, Eugenia F, Galati, Eunice AB, Oliveira Junior, Evaldo C de, Gallardo, Fabiana, Hernandes, Fabio A, Lansac-Tôha, Fábio A, Pitombo, Fabio B, Dario, Fabio Di, Santos, Fábio L dos, Mauro, Fabio, Nascimento, Fabio O do, Olmos, Fabio, Amaral, Fabio R, Schunck, Fabio, Godoi, Fábio SP de, Machado, Fabrizio M, Barbo, Fausto E, Agrain, Federico A, Ribeiro, Felipe B, Moreira, Felipe FF, Barbosa, Felipe F, Silva, Fenanda S, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F, Straube, Fernando C, Carbayo, Fernando, Carvalho Filho, Fernando, Zanella, Fernando CV, Jacinavicius, Fernando de C, Farache, Fernando HA, Leivas, Fernando, Dias, Fernando MS, Mantellato, Fernando, Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z, Gudin, Filipe M, Albuquerque, Flávio, Molina, Flavio B, Passos, Flávio D, Shockley, Floyd W, Pinheiro, Francielly F, Mello, Francisco de AG de, Nascimento, Francisco E de L, Franco, Francisco L, Oliveira, Francisco L de, Melo, Francisco T de V, Quijano, Freddy RB, Salles, Frederico F, Biffi, Gabriel, Queiroz, Gabriel C, Bizarro, Gabriel L, Hrycyna, Gabriela, Leviski, Gabriela, Powell, Gareth S, Santos, Geane B dos, Morse, Geoffrey E, Brown, George, Mattox, George MT, Zimbrão, Geraldo, Carvalho, Gervásio S, Miranda, Gil FG, Moraes, Gilberto J de, Lourido, Gilcélia M, Neves, Gilmar P, Moreira, Gilson RP, Montingelli, Giovanna G, Maurício, Giovanni N, Marconato, Gláucia, Lopez, Guilherme EL, Silva, Guilherme L da, Muricy, Guilherme, Brito, Guilherme RR, Garbino, Guilherme ST, Flores, Gustavo E, Graciolli, Gustavo, Libardi, Gustavo S, Proctor, Heather C, Gil-Santana, Helcio R, Varella, Henrique R, Escalona, Hermes E, Schmitz, Hermes J, Rodrigues, Higor DD, Galvão Filho, Hilton de C, Quintino, Hingrid YS, Pinto, Hudson A, Rainho, Hugo L, Miyahira, Igor C, Gonçalves, Igor de S, Martins, Inês X, Cardoso, Irene A, Oliveira, Ismael B de, Franz, Ismael, Fernandes, Itanna O, Golfetti, Ivan F, S. Campos-Filho, Ivanklin, Oliveira, Ivo de S, Delabie, Jacques HC, Oliveira, Jader de, Prando, Jadila S, Patton, James L, Bitencourt, Jamille de A, Silva, Janaina M, Santos, Jandir C, Arruda, Janine O, Valderrama, Jefferson S, Dalapicolla, Jeronymo, Oliveira, Jéssica P, Hájek, Jiri, Morselli, João P, Narita, João P, Martin, João PI, Grazia, Jocélia, McHugh, Joe, Cherem, Jorge J, Farias Júnior, José AS, Fernandes, Jose AM, Pacheco, José F, Birindelli, José LO, Rezende, José M, Avendaño, Jose M, Duarte, José M Barbanti, Ribeiro, José R Inácio, Mermudes, José RM, Pujol-Luz, José R, Santos, Josenilson R dos, Câmara, Josenir T, Teixeira, Joyce A, Prado, Joyce R do, Botero, Juan P, Almeida, Julia C, Kohler, Julia, Gonçalves, Julia P, Beneti, Julia S, Donahue, Julian P, Alvim, Juliana, Almeida, Juliana C, Segadilha, Juliana L, Wingert, Juliana M, Barbosa, Julianna F, Ferrer, Juliano, Santos, Juliano F dos, Kuabara, Kamila MD, Nascimento, Karine B, Schoeninger, Karine, Campião, Karla M, Soares, Karla, Zilch, Kássia, Barão, Kim R, Teixeira, Larissa, Sousa, Laura D do NM de, Dumas, Leandro L, Vieira, Leandro M, Azevedo, Leonardo HG, Carvalho, Leonardo S, Souza, Leonardo S de, Rocha, Leonardo SG, Bernardi, Leopoldo FO, Vieira, Letícia M, Johann, Liana, Salvatierra, Lidianne, Oliveira, Livia de M, Loureiro, Lourdes MA El-moor, Barreto, Luana B, Barros, Luana M, Lecci, Lucas, Camargos, Lucas M de, Lima, Lucas RC, Almeida, Lucia M, Martins, Luciana R, Marinoni, Luciane, Moura, Luciano de A, Lima, Luciano, Naka, Luciano N, Miranda, Lucília S, Salik, Lucy M, Bezerra, Luis EA, Silveira, Luis F, Campos, Luiz A, Castro, Luiz AS de, Pinho, Luiz C, Silveira, Luiz FL, Iniesta, Luiz FM, Tencatt, Luiz FC, Simone, Luiz RL, Malabarba, Luiz R, Cruz, Luiza S da, Sekerka, Lukas, Barros, Lurdiana D, Santos, Luziany Q, Skoracki, Maciej, Correia, Maira A, Uchoa, Manoel A, Andrade, Manuella FG, Hermes, Marcel G, Miranda, Marcel S, Araújo, Marcel S de, Monné, Marcela L, Labruna, Marcelo B, Santis, Marcelo D de, Duarte, Marcelo, Knoff, Marcelo, Nogueira, Marcelo, Britto, Marcelo R de, Melo, Marcelo RS de, Carvalho, Marcelo R de, Tavares, Marcelo T, Kitahara, Marcelo V, Justo, Marcia CN, Botelho, Marcia JC, Couri, Márcia S, Borges-Martins, Márcio, Felix, Márcio, Oliveira, Marcio L de, Bologna, Marco A, Gottschalk, Marco S, Tavares, Marcos DS, Lhano, Marcos G, Bevilaqua, Marcus, Santos, Marcus TT, Domingues, Marcus V, Sallum, Maria AM, Digiani, María C, Santarém, Maria CA, Nascimento, Maria C do, Becerril, María de los AM, Santos, Maria EA dos, Passos, Maria I da S dos, Felippe-Bauer, Maria L, Cherman, Mariana A, Terossi, Mariana, Bartz, Marie LC, Barbosa, Marina F de C, Loeb, Marina V, Cohn-Haft, Mario, Cupello, Mario, Martins, Marlúcia B, Christofersen, Martin L, Bento, Matheus, Rocha, Matheus dos S, Martins, Maurício L, Segura, Melissa O, Cardenas, Melissa Q, Duarte, Mércia E, Ivie, Michael A, Mincarone, Michael M, Borges, Michela, Monné, Miguel A, Casagrande, Mirna M, Fernandez, Monica A, Piovesan, Mônica, Menezes, Naércio A, Benaim, Natalia P, Reategui, Natália S, Pedro, Natan C, Pecly, Nathalia H, Ferreira Júnior, Nelson, Silva Júnior, Nelson J da, Perioto, Nelson W, Hamada, Neusa, Degallier, Nicolas, Chao, Ning L, Ferla, Noeli J, Mielke, Olaf HH, Evangelista, Olivia, Shibatta, Oscar A, Oliveira, Otto MP, Albornoz, Pablo CL, Dellapé, Pablo M, Gonçalves, Pablo R, Shimabukuro, Paloma HF, Grossi, Paschoal, Rodrigues, Patrícia E da S, Lima, Patricia OV, Velazco, Paul, Santos, Paula B dos, Araújo, Paula B, Silva, Paula KR, Riccardi, Paula R, Garcia, Paulo C de A, Passos, Paulo GH, Corgosinho, Paulo HC, Lucinda, Paulo, Costa, Paulo MS, Alves, Paulo P, Roth, Paulo R de O, Coelho, Paulo RS, Duarte, Paulo RM, Carvalho, Pedro F de, Gnaspini, Pedro, Souza-Dias, Pedro GB, Linardi, Pedro M, Bartholomay, Pedro R, Demite, Peterson R, Bulirsch, Petr, Boll, Piter K, Pereira, Rachel MM, Silva, Rafael APF, Moura, Rafael B de, 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Paiva, Sandra V, Santos, Sandro, Oliveira, Sarah S de, Costa, Sávio C, Gardner, Scott L, Leal, Sebastián A Muñoz, Aloquio, Sergio, Bonecker, Sergio LC, Bueno, Sergio L de S, Almeida, Sérgio M de, Stampar, Sérgio N, Andena, Sérgio R, Posso, Sergio R, Lima, Sheila P, Gadelha, Sian de S, Thiengo, Silvana C, Cohen, Simone C, Brandão, Simone N, Rosa, Simone P, Ribeiro, Síria LB, Letana, Sócrates D, Santos, Sonia B dos, Andrade, Sonia CS, Dávila, Stephane, Vaz, Stéphanie, Peck, Stewart B, Christo, Susete W, Cunha, Suzan BZ, Gomes, Suzete R, Duarte, Tácio, Madeira-Ott, Taís, Marques, Taísa, Roell, Talita, Lima, Tarcilla C de, Sepulveda, Tatiana A, Maria, Tatiana F, Ruschel, Tatiana P, Rodrigues, Thaiana, Marinho, Thais A, Almeida, Thaís M de, Miranda, Thaís P, Freitas, Thales RO, Pereira, Thalles PL, Zacca, Thamara, Pacheco, Thaynara L, Martins, Thiago F, Alvarenga, Thiago M, Carvalho, Thiago R de, Polizei, Thiago TS, McElrath, Thomas C, Henry, Thomas, Pikart, Tiago G, Porto, Tiago J, Krolow, Tiago K, Carvalho, Tiago P, Lotufo, Tito M da C, Caramaschi, Ulisses, Pinheiro, Ulisses dos S, Pardiñas, Ulyses FJ, Maia, Valéria C, Tavares, Valeria, Costa, Valmir A, Amaral, Vanessa S do, Silva, Vera C, Wolff, Vera R dos S, Slobodian, Verônica, Silva, Vinícius B da, Espíndola, Vinicius C, Costa-Silva, Vinicius da, Bertaco, Vinicius de A, Padula, Vinícius, Ferreira, Vinicius S, Silva, Vitor CP da, Piacentini, Vítor de Q, Sandoval-Gómez, Vivian E, Trevine, Vivian, Sousa, Viviane R, Sant’Anna, Vivianne B de, Mathis, Wayne N, Souza, Wesley de O, Colombo, Wesley D, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Wosiacki, Wolmar B, Ovando, Ximena MC, and Leite, Yuri LR
Abstract: The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.
Published: 2024

7. Platinum-based metal complexes as chloride transporters that trigger apoptosis.

Author: Wang, P, Fares, M, Eladwy, RA, Bhuyan, DJ, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, SJ, Macreadie, LK, Gale, PA, Wang, P, Fares, M, Eladwy, RA, Bhuyan, DJ, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, SJ, Macreadie, LK, and Gale, PA
Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate that Pt(ii) complexes can function as efficient transmembrane chloride transporters. A series of Pt(ii) metal complexes with urea-appended isoquinoline ligands were synthesised and operate via classical hydrogen bonding interactions rather than ligand exchange. A number of the complexes exhibited potent transmembrane chloride activity in vesicle studies, while also showing strong antiproliferative activity in cisplatin-resistant cell lines via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of intracellular ROS.
Published: 2024

8. PRECISE Version 2:Updated Recommendations for Reporting Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer

Author: Englman, Cameron, Maffei, Davide, Allen, Clare, Kirkham, Alex, Albertsen, Peter, Kasivisvanathan, Veeru, Baroni, Ronaldo Hueb, Briganti, Alberto, De Visschere, Pieter, Dickinson, Louise, Gómez Rivas, Juan, Haider, Masoom A., Kesch, Claudia, Loeb, Stacy, Macura, Katarzyna J., Margolis, Daniel, Mitra, Anita M., Padhani, Anwar R., Panebianco, Valeria, Pinto, Peter A., Ploussard, Guillaume, Puech, Philippe, Purysko, Andrei S., Radtke, Jan Philipp, Rannikko, Antti, Rastinehad, Art, Renard-Penna, Raphaele, Sanguedolce, Francesco, Schimmöller, Lars, Schoots, Ivo G., Shariat, Shahrokh F., Schieda, Nicola, Tempany, Clare M., Turkbey, Baris, Valerio, Massimo, Villers, Arnauld, Walz, Jochen, Barrett, Tristan, Giganti, Francesco, Moore, Caroline M., Englman, Cameron, Maffei, Davide, Allen, Clare, Kirkham, Alex, Albertsen, Peter, Kasivisvanathan, Veeru, Baroni, Ronaldo Hueb, Briganti, Alberto, De Visschere, Pieter, Dickinson, Louise, Gómez Rivas, Juan, Haider, Masoom A., Kesch, Claudia, Loeb, Stacy, Macura, Katarzyna J., Margolis, Daniel, Mitra, Anita M., Padhani, Anwar R., Panebianco, Valeria, Pinto, Peter A., Ploussard, Guillaume, Puech, Philippe, Purysko, Andrei S., Radtke, Jan Philipp, Rannikko, Antti, Rastinehad, Art, Renard-Penna, Raphaele, Sanguedolce, Francesco, Schimmöller, Lars, Schoots, Ivo G., Shariat, Shahrokh F., Schieda, Nicola, Tempany, Clare M., Turkbey, Baris, Valerio, Massimo, Villers, Arnauld, Walz, Jochen, Barrett, Tristan, Giganti, Francesco, and Moore, Caroline M.
Abstract: Background and objective: The Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) recommendations standardise the reporting of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. An international consensus group recently updated these recommendations and identified the areas of uncertainty. Methods: A panel of 38 experts used the formal RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method consensus methodology. Panellists scored 193 statements using a 1–9 agreement scale, where 9 means full agreement. A summary of agreement, uncertainty, or disagreement (derived from the group median score) and consensus (determined using the Interpercentile Range Adjusted for Symmetry method) was calculated for each statement and presented for discussion before individual rescoring. Key findings and limitations: Participants agreed that MRI scans must meet a minimum image quality standard (median 9) or be given a score of ‘X’ for insufficient quality. The current scan should be compared with both baseline and previous scans (median 9), with the PRECISE score being the maximum from any lesion (median 8). PRECISE 3 (stable MRI) was subdivided into 3-V (visible) and 3-NonV (nonvisible) disease (median 9). Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System/Likert ≥3 lesions should be measured on T2-weighted imaging, using other sequences to aid in the identification (median 8), and whenever possible, reported pictorially (diagrams, screenshots, or contours; median 9). There was no consensus on how to measure tumour size. More research is needed to determine a significant size increase (median 9). PRECISE 5 was clarified as progression to stage ≥T3a (median 9). Conclusions and clinical implications: The updated PRECISE recommendations reflect expert consensus opinion on minimal standards and reporting criteria for prostate MRI in AS.
Published: 2024

9. WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health

Author: Bertagnolio, Silvia, Dobreva, Zlatina, Centner, Chad M, Olaru, Ioana Diana, Donà, Daniele, Burzo, Stefano, Huttner, Benedikt D, Chaillon, Antoine, Gebreselassie, Nebiat, Wi, Teodora, Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Sati, Hatim, Ivanovska, Verica, Kothari, Kavita U, Balkhy, Hanan H, Cassini, Alessandro, Hamers, Raph L, Weezenbeek, Kitty Van, Aanensen, David, Alanio, Alexandre, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alemayehu, Tinsae, Al-Hasan, Majdi, Allegaert, Karel, Al-Maani, Amal Saif, Al-Salman, Jameela, Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar, Amir, Afreenish, Applegate, Tanya, Araj, George F, Villalobos, Marlen Arce, Årdal, Christine, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Babin, François-Xavier, Bachmann, Laura H, Bachmann, Till, Baker, Kate Susan, Balasegaram, Manica, Bamford, Colleen, Baquero, Fernando, Barcelona, Laura Isabel, Bassat, Quique, Bassetti, Matteo, Basu, Sulagna, Beardsley, Justin, Vásquez, Grey Benoit, Berkley, James A, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Bielicki, Julia, Bines, Julie, Bongomin, Felix, Bonomo, Robert A, Bradley, John S, Bradshaw, Catriona, Brett, Ana, Brink, Adrian, Brown, Colin, Brown, Jeremy, Buising, Kirsty, Carson, Carolee, Carvalho, Anna Cristina, Castagnola, Elio, Cavaleri, Marco, Cecchini, Michele, Chabala, Chishala, Chaisson, Richard E, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chandler, Clare, Chandy, Sujith John, Charani, Esmita, Chen, Lisa, Chiara, Francesca, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Chua, Arlene, Chuki, Pem, Chun, Doo Ryeon, Churchyard, Gavin, Cirillo, Daniela, Clack, Lauren, Coffin, Susan E, Cohn, Jennifer, Cole, Michelle, Conly, John, Cooper, Ben, Corso, Alejandra, Cosgrove, Sara E, Cox, Helen, Daley, Charles L, Darboe, Saffiatou, Darton, Tom, Davies, Gerry, de Egea, Viviana, Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Deeves, Miranda, Denkinger, Claudia, Dillon, Jo-Anne R, Dramowski, Angela, Eley, Brian, Roberta Esposito, Susanna Maria, Essack, Sabiha Y, Farida, Helmia, Farooqi, Joveria, Feasey, Nicholas, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Fifer, Helen, Finlayson, Heather, Frick, Mike, Gales, Ana Cristina, Galli, Luisa, Gandra, Sumanth, Gerber, Jeffrey S, Giske, Christian, Gordon, Bruce, Govender, Nelesh, Guessennd, Nathalie, Guindo, Ibrehima, Gurbanova, Elmira, Gwee, Amanda, Hagen, Ferry, Harbarth, Stephan, Haze, John, Heim, Jutta, Hendriksen, Rene, Heyderman, Robert Simon, Holt, Kathryn Elizabeth, Hönigl, Martin, Hook, Edward W, Hope, William, Hopkins, Heidi, Hughes, Gwenda, Ismail, Ghada, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, Jacobs, Jan, Jasovský, Dušan, Jehan, Fyeza, Pearson, Antonieta Jimenez, Jones, Makoto, Joshi, Mohan P, Kapil, Arti, Kariuki, Samuel, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kearns, Gregory L, Keddy, Karen Helena, Khanna, Nina, Kitamura, Akiko, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kotwani, Anita, Kozlov, Roman S, Kranzer, Katharina, Kularatne, Ranmini, Lahra, Monica M, Langford, Bradley J, Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Larsson, Joakim, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lee, Hyukmin, Lessa, Fernanda, Levin, Anna S, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Lincopan, Nilton, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Lodha, Rakesh, Loeb, Mark, Longtin, Yves, Lye, David Chien, Mahmud, Asif Mujtaba, Manaia, Célia, Manderson, Lenore, Mareković, Ivana, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Martin, Irene, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Mei, Zeng, Meis, Jacques F, Lyra Tavares De Melo, Flávio Augusto, Mendelson, Marc, Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Moore, David, Morel, Chantal, Moremi, Nyambura, Moro, Maria Luisa, Moussy, Francis, Mshana, Stephen, Mueller, Arno, Ndow, Francis J, Nicol, Mark, Nunn, Andrew, Obaro, Stephen, Obiero, Christina W, Okeke, Iruka N, Okomo, Uduak, Okwor, Tochi J, Oladele, Rita, Omulo, Sylvia, Ondoa, Pascale, Ortellado de Canese, Juana Medarda, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Pai, Madhukar, Park, Benjamin, Parkhill, Julian, Parry, Christopher M, Peeling, Rosanna, Sobreira Vieira Peixe, Luísa Maria, Perovic, Olga, Pettigrew, Melinda M, Principi, Nicola, Pulcini, Céline, Puspandari, Nelly, Rawson, Timothy, Reddy, Denasha Lavanya, Reddy, Kessendri, Redner, Paulo, Rodríguez Tudela, Juan Luis, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Van Katwyk, Susan Rogers, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rollier, Christine, Rollock, Leslie, Ronat, Jean-Baptiste, Ruppe, Etienne, Sadarangani, Manish, Salisbury, David, Salou, Mounerou, Samison, Luc Hervé, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sartelli, Massimo, Schellack, Natalie, Schouten, Jeroen, Schwaber, Mitchell J, Seni, Jeremiah, Senok, Abiola, Shafer, William M, Shakoor, Sadia, Sheppard, Donald, Shin, Jong-Hee, Sia, Sonia, Sievert, Dawn, Singh, Ishwar, Singla, Rupak, Skov, Robert Leo, Soge, Olusegun O, Sprute, Rosanne, Srinivasan, Arjun, Srinivasan, Subasree, Sundsfjord, Arnfinn, Tacconelli, Evelina, Tahseen, Sabira, Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Tängdén, Thomas, Thursky, Karin, Thwaites, Guy, Tigulini de Souza Peral, Renata, Tong, Deborah, Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, Tsioutis, Constantinos, Turner, Katy M, Turner, Paul, Omar, Shaheed Vally, van de Sande, Wendy WJ, van den Hof, Susan, van Doorn, Rogier, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Verweij, Paul, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Hui, Warris, Adilia, Weinstock, Hillard, Wesangula, Evelyn, Whiley, David, White, Peter J, Williams, Phoebe, Xiao, Yonghong, Moscoso, Martin Yagui, Yang, Hsu Li, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Yu, Yunsong, Żabicka, Dorota, Zignol, Matteo, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Dobreva, Zlatina, Centner, Chad M, Olaru, Ioana Diana, Donà, Daniele, Burzo, Stefano, Huttner, Benedikt D, Chaillon, Antoine, Gebreselassie, Nebiat, Wi, Teodora, Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Sati, Hatim, Ivanovska, Verica, Kothari, Kavita U, Balkhy, Hanan H, Cassini, Alessandro, Hamers, Raph L, Weezenbeek, Kitty Van, Aanensen, David, Alanio, Alexandre, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alemayehu, Tinsae, Al-Hasan, Majdi, Allegaert, Karel, Al-Maani, Amal Saif, Al-Salman, Jameela, Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar, Amir, Afreenish, Applegate, Tanya, Araj, George F, Villalobos, Marlen Arce, Årdal, Christine, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Babin, François-Xavier, Bachmann, Laura H, Bachmann, Till, Baker, Kate Susan, Balasegaram, Manica, Bamford, Colleen, Baquero, Fernando, Barcelona, Laura Isabel, Bassat, Quique, Bassetti, Matteo, Basu, Sulagna, Beardsley, Justin, Vásquez, Grey Benoit, Berkley, James A, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Bielicki, Julia, Bines, Julie, Bongomin, Felix, Bonomo, Robert A, Bradley, John S, Bradshaw, Catriona, Brett, Ana, Brink, Adrian, Brown, Colin, Brown, Jeremy, Buising, Kirsty, Carson, Carolee, Carvalho, Anna Cristina, Castagnola, Elio, Cavaleri, Marco, Cecchini, Michele, Chabala, Chishala, Chaisson, Richard E, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chandler, Clare, Chandy, Sujith John, Charani, Esmita, Chen, Lisa, Chiara, Francesca, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Chua, Arlene, Chuki, Pem, Chun, Doo Ryeon, Churchyard, Gavin, Cirillo, Daniela, Clack, Lauren, Coffin, Susan E, Cohn, Jennifer, Cole, Michelle, Conly, John, Cooper, Ben, Corso, Alejandra, Cosgrove, Sara E, Cox, Helen, Daley, Charles L, Darboe, Saffiatou, Darton, Tom, Davies, Gerry, de Egea, Viviana, Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Deeves, Miranda, Denkinger, Claudia, Dillon, Jo-Anne R, Dramowski, Angela, Eley, Brian, Roberta Esposito, Susanna Maria, Essack, Sabiha Y, Farida, Helmia, Farooqi, Joveria, Feasey, Nicholas, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Fifer, Helen, Finlayson, Heather, Frick, Mike, Gales, Ana Cristina, Galli, Luisa, Gandra, Sumanth, Gerber, Jeffrey S, Giske, Christian, Gordon, Bruce, Govender, Nelesh, Guessennd, Nathalie, Guindo, Ibrehima, Gurbanova, Elmira, Gwee, Amanda, Hagen, Ferry, Harbarth, Stephan, Haze, John, Heim, Jutta, Hendriksen, Rene, Heyderman, Robert Simon, Holt, Kathryn Elizabeth, Hönigl, Martin, Hook, Edward W, Hope, William, Hopkins, Heidi, Hughes, Gwenda, Ismail, Ghada, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, Jacobs, Jan, Jasovský, Dušan, Jehan, Fyeza, Pearson, Antonieta Jimenez, Jones, Makoto, Joshi, Mohan P, Kapil, Arti, Kariuki, Samuel, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kearns, Gregory L, Keddy, Karen Helena, Khanna, Nina, Kitamura, Akiko, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kotwani, Anita, Kozlov, Roman S, Kranzer, Katharina, Kularatne, Ranmini, Lahra, Monica M, Langford, Bradley J, Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Larsson, Joakim, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lee, Hyukmin, Lessa, Fernanda, Levin, Anna S, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Lincopan, Nilton, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Lodha, Rakesh, Loeb, Mark, Longtin, Yves, Lye, David Chien, Mahmud, Asif Mujtaba, Manaia, Célia, Manderson, Lenore, Mareković, Ivana, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Martin, Irene, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Mei, Zeng, Meis, Jacques F, Lyra Tavares De Melo, Flávio Augusto, Mendelson, Marc, Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Moore, David, Morel, Chantal, Moremi, Nyambura, Moro, Maria Luisa, Moussy, Francis, Mshana, Stephen, Mueller, Arno, Ndow, Francis J, Nicol, Mark, Nunn, Andrew, Obaro, Stephen, Obiero, Christina W, Okeke, Iruka N, Okomo, Uduak, Okwor, Tochi J, Oladele, Rita, Omulo, Sylvia, Ondoa, Pascale, Ortellado de Canese, Juana Medarda, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Pai, Madhukar, Park, Benjamin, Parkhill, Julian, Parry, Christopher M, Peeling, Rosanna, Sobreira Vieira Peixe, Luísa Maria, Perovic, Olga, Pettigrew, Melinda M, Principi, Nicola, Pulcini, Céline, Puspandari, Nelly, Rawson, Timothy, Reddy, Denasha Lavanya, Reddy, Kessendri, Redner, Paulo, Rodríguez Tudela, Juan Luis, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Van Katwyk, Susan Rogers, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rollier, Christine, Rollock, Leslie, Ronat, Jean-Baptiste, Ruppe, Etienne, Sadarangani, Manish, Salisbury, David, Salou, Mounerou, Samison, Luc Hervé, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sartelli, Massimo, Schellack, Natalie, Schouten, Jeroen, Schwaber, Mitchell J, Seni, Jeremiah, Senok, Abiola, Shafer, William M, Shakoor, Sadia, Sheppard, Donald, Shin, Jong-Hee, Sia, Sonia, Sievert, Dawn, Singh, Ishwar, Singla, Rupak, Skov, Robert Leo, Soge, Olusegun O, Sprute, Rosanne, Srinivasan, Arjun, Srinivasan, Subasree, Sundsfjord, Arnfinn, Tacconelli, Evelina, Tahseen, Sabira, Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Tängdén, Thomas, Thursky, Karin, Thwaites, Guy, Tigulini de Souza Peral, Renata, Tong, Deborah, Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, Tsioutis, Constantinos, Turner, Katy M, Turner, Paul, Omar, Shaheed Vally, van de Sande, Wendy WJ, van den Hof, Susan, van Doorn, Rogier, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Verweij, Paul, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Hui, Warris, Adilia, Weinstock, Hillard, Wesangula, Evelyn, Whiley, David, White, Peter J, Williams, Phoebe, Xiao, Yonghong, Moscoso, Martin Yagui, Yang, Hsu Li, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Yu, Yunsong, Żabicka, Dorota, and Zignol, Matteo
Abstract: The WHO research agenda for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health has identified 40 research priorities to be addressed by the year 2030. These priorities focus on bacterial and fungal pathogens of crucial importance in addressing AMR, including drug-resistant pathogens causing tuberculosis. These research priorities encompass the entire people-centred journey, covering prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections, in addition to addressing the overarching knowledge gaps in AMR epidemiology, burden and drivers, policies and regulations, and awareness and education. The research priorities were identified through a multistage process, starting with a comprehensive scoping review of knowledge gaps, with expert inputs gathered through a survey and open call. The priority setting involved a rigorous modified Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach, ensuring global representation and applicability of the findings. The ultimate goal of this research agenda is to encourage research and investment in the generation of evidence to better understand AMR dynamics and facilitate policy translation for reducing the burden and consequences of AMR.
Published: 2024

10. Platinum-based metal complexes as chloride transporters that trigger apoptosis.

Author: Wang, P, Fares, M, Eladwy, RA, Bhuyan, DJ, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, SJ, Macreadie, LK, Gale, PA, Wang, P, Fares, M, Eladwy, RA, Bhuyan, DJ, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, SJ, Macreadie, LK, and Gale, PA
Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate that Pt(ii) complexes can function as efficient transmembrane chloride transporters. A series of Pt(ii) metal complexes with urea-appended isoquinoline ligands were synthesised and operate via classical hydrogen bonding interactions rather than ligand exchange. A number of the complexes exhibited potent transmembrane chloride activity in vesicle studies, while also showing strong antiproliferative activity in cisplatin-resistant cell lines via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of intracellular ROS.
Published: 2024

11. Platinum-based metal complexes as chloride transporters that trigger apoptosis.

Author: Wang, P, Fares, M, Eladwy, RA, Bhuyan, DJ, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, SJ, Macreadie, LK, Gale, PA, Wang, P, Fares, M, Eladwy, RA, Bhuyan, DJ, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, SJ, Macreadie, LK, and Gale, PA
Abstract: In this paper we demonstrate that Pt(ii) complexes can function as efficient transmembrane chloride transporters. A series of Pt(ii) metal complexes with urea-appended isoquinoline ligands were synthesised and operate via classical hydrogen bonding interactions rather than ligand exchange. A number of the complexes exhibited potent transmembrane chloride activity in vesicle studies, while also showing strong antiproliferative activity in cisplatin-resistant cell lines via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of intracellular ROS.
Published: 2024

12. The Passage of the Solar System through the Edge of the Local Bubble

Author: Opher, Merav, Loeb, Abraham, Zucker, Catherine, Goodman, Alyssa, Konietzka, Ralf, Worden, Alexandra Z., Economo, Evan P., Miller, Jesse A., Alves, João, Grone, Jonathan, Kornbleuth, Marc, Peek, J. E. G., Foley, Michael M., Opher, Merav, Loeb, Abraham, Zucker, Catherine, Goodman, Alyssa, Konietzka, Ralf, Worden, Alexandra Z., Economo, Evan P., Miller, Jesse A., Alves, João, Grone, Jonathan, Kornbleuth, Marc, Peek, J. E. G., and Foley, Michael M.
Abstract: The Sun moves through the interstellar medium (ISM) at a velocity of similar to 19 pc Myr-1, making the conditions outside the solar system vary with time over millions of years. Today's solar system is protected from interstellar particles by the heliosphere, the bubble formed by the solar wind as the Sun moves through the ISM, which engulfs the planets. There is geological evidence from 60Fe that Earth was in direct contact with the ISM 2-3 and 5-7 million years ago (MYA). Recent work argues that the Sun encountered a massive cold cloud 2 MYA as part of the Local Ribbon of Cold Clouds that shrunk the heliosphere and exposed Earth to the ISM. Here, we consider the effects of the passage of the Sun through the edge of the Local Bubble occurring at 6.8-0.4+0.5 MYA assuming that the Sun encountered a cloud with a density of 900 cm-3. If we consider additional turbulent motion within the cloud due to shocks, the density encountered can be as low as 283 cm-3. Clouds of this density cover a small but nonzero (less than or similar to 4.6%) fraction of the surface of the Local Bubble, making an encounter plausible. Using a state-of-the art magnetohydrodynamic model, we show that the heliosphere shrank to a scale smaller than Earth's orbit, thereby exposing Earth to cold dense ISM, consistent with 60Fe evidence. The timing of the event matches perturbations observed in the paleoclimate record recovered from deep-sea sediments. The passage through the Local Bubble's surface and contraction of the heliosphere therefore may have impacted the climate and biosphere significantly, suggesting a new driver of major events in Earth's history.
Published: 2024
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13. Multilevel perceptions of the virtual delivery of the University of California Diabetes Prevention Program on RE-AIM domains due to COVID-19 mandates.

Author: Soetenga, Samantha, Soetenga, Samantha, Jackson, Nicholas, Chung, Un, Duru, O, Mangione, Carol, Hamilton, Alison, Moin, Tannaz, Gholami, Maryam, Ramm, Kate, Loeb, Tamra, Shedd, Kelly, Soetenga, Samantha, Soetenga, Samantha, Jackson, Nicholas, Chung, Un, Duru, O, Mangione, Carol, Hamilton, Alison, Moin, Tannaz, Gholami, Maryam, Ramm, Kate, Loeb, Tamra, and Shedd, Kelly
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The University of Californias Diabetes Prevention Program (UC DPP) Initiative was implemented across all 10 UC campuses in 2018. The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying mandates required swift changes to program delivery, including pivoting from in-person to virtual delivery (i.e., Zoom). Our goal was to assess multilevel constituent perceptions of the use of a virtual platform to deliver UC DPP due to COVID-19 mandates. METHODS: We conducted qualitative interviews with 68 UC DPP participants, coordinators, and leaders to examine the use of virtual platform delivery on the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) of UC DPP. Transcripts were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis and emergent themes were categorized using domains corresponding to RE-AIM framework. RESULTS: Among UC DPP participants (n = 42), virtual delivery primarily impacted perceptions of UC DPP effectiveness and implementation. Some participants perceived program effectiveness to be negatively impacted, given their preference for in-person sessions, which they felt provided more engagement, peer support, and accountability. Implementation challenges included problems with virtual format (e.g., Zoom fatigue); however, several benefits were also noted (e.g., increased flexibility, maintenance of DPP connections during campus closures). UC DPP coordinators (n = 18) perceived virtual delivery as positively impacting UC DPP reach, since virtual platforms provided access for some who could not participate in-person, and negatively impacting effectiveness due to reduced engagement and lower peer support. UC leaders (n = 8) perceived that use of the virtual format had a positive impact on reach (e.g., increased availability, accessibility) and negatively impacted effectiveness (e.g., less intensive interactions on a virtual platform). Across constituent levels, the use of a virtual platform had little to no impact on perceptions of adoption and maintenance of
Published: 2024

14. Accretion Flares from Stellar Collisions in Galactic Nuclei

Author: Hu, Betty X., Loeb, Avi, Hu, Betty X., and Loeb, Avi
Abstract: The strong tidal force in a supermassive black hole's (SMBH) vicinity, coupled with a higher stellar density at the center of a galaxy, make it an ideal location to study the interaction between stars and black holes. Two stars moving near the SMBH could collide at a very high speed, which can result in a high energy flare. The resulting debris can then accrete onto the SMBH, which could be observed as a separate event. We simulate the light curves resulting from the fallback accretion in the aftermath of a stellar collision near a SMBH. We investigate how it varies with physical parameters of the system. With all other physical parameters of the system held constant, the direction of the relative velocity vector at time of impact plays a large role in determining the overall form of the light curve. One distinctive light curve we notice is characterized by a sustained increase in the luminosity some time after accretion has started. We compare this form to the light curves of some candidate tidal disruption events (TDEs). Stellar collision accretion flares can take on unique appearances that would allow them to be easily distinguished, as well as elucidate underlying physical parameters of the system. There exist several ways to distinguish these events from TDEs, including the much wider range of SMBH masses stellar collisions may exist around.
Published: 2024

15. The Host Galaxy of a Dormant, Overmassive Black Hole at $z=6.7$ May Be Restarting Star Formation

Author: Pacucci, Fabio, Loeb, Abraham, Juodžbalis, Ignas, Pacucci, Fabio, Loeb, Abraham, and Juodžbalis, Ignas
Abstract: JWST is discovering a large population of $z>4$ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are overmassive with respect to the stellar content of their hosts. A previous study developed a physical model to interpret this overmassive population as the result of quasar feedback acting on a compact host galaxy. In this Note, we apply this model to JADES GN 1146115, a dormant supermassive black hole at $z=6.7$ whose mass is $\sim40\%$ of the host's mass in stars and accreting at $\sim2\%$ of the Eddington limit. The host has been forming stars at the low rate of $\sim 1 \, \rm M_\odot \,yr^{-1}$ for the past $\sim 100$ Myr. Our model suggests that this galactic system is on the verge of a resurgence of global star formation activity. This transition comes after a period of domination by the effect of its overmassive black hole, whose duration is comparable to typical quasar lifetimes., Comment: Accepted on Research Notes of the AAS. This is a concise note (3 pages, 1 figure) regarding the direct application of the model described in arXiv:2401.04159 to the source presented in arXiv:2403.03872
Published: 2024

16. Constraints on an Anisotropic Universe

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We analyze the possibility of global anisotropy of the universe. We consider an altered FLRW metric in which there are different scale factors along the 3 different axes of space. We construct the corresponding altered Friedmann equations. We show that any initial anisotropies decrease into the future. At late times, the difference in Hubble parameters changes as $1/\sqrt{t}$ in a radiation dominated era and as $1/t$ in a matter dominated era. We use constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Cosmic Microwave Background to constrain the level of anisotropies at early times. We also examine how the approach back in time to the singularity is radically altered; happening much more abruptly, as a function of density, in an anisotropic universe. We also mention improved bounds that can arise from measurements of primordial gravitons, WIMPs, and neutrinos., Comment: 9 pages in double column format, 4 figures. V2: Added references
Published: 2024

17. Peak-Brightness Localization of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Fireball

Author: Loeb, Abraham and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: In a recent preprint, Fernando et al. (2024) used public data from infrasound stations to constrain the localization of the fireball of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) bolide. The analysis inferred a 90-percent-confidence ellipse with semi-minor and semi-major axes of 186 and 388 km, respectively. This large error ellipse includes the much better localization box derived by sensors aboard U.S. Government satellites which detected the fireball light. At the fireball's peak brightness, the CNEOS localization box documented by NASA/JPL measures 11.112km on a side and is centered on a latitude of 1.3S and a longitude of 147.6E. Here, we point out that the recent expedition to retrieve materials from IM1's site (Loeb et al. 2024a,b,c) surveyed a region of tens of km around the CNEOS box center, and was not dictated by the data studied by Fernando et al. (2024) because of its larger uncertainties., Comment: Submitted for publication. Reply to arXiv:2403.03966
Published: 2024

18. Flares from Space Debris in LSST Images

Author: Loeb, Abraham and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: Owing to the exceptional sensitivity of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, we predict that its upcoming LSST images will be contaminated by numerous flares from centimeter-scale space debris in Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Millisecond-duration flares from these LEO objects are expected to produce detectable image streaks of a few arcseconds with AB magnitudes brighter than 14., Comment: 3 pages, submitted for publication in an AAS Journal
Published: 2024

19. Chemical Classification of Spherules Recovered From The Pacific Ocean Site of The CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide

Author: Loeb, A., Jacobsen, S. B., Tagle, R., Adamson, T., Bergstrom, S., Cloete, R., Cohen, S., Domine, Laura, Fu, H., Hoskinson, C., Hyung, E., Kelly, M., Lard, E., Laukien, F., Lem, J., McCallum, R., Millsap, R., Parendo, C., Pataev, M. I., Peddeti, C., Pugh, J., Samuha, S., Sasselov, D. D., Schlereth, M., Siler, J., Siraj, A., Smith, P. M., Taylor, J., Weed, R., Wright, A., Wynn, J., Loeb, A., Jacobsen, S. B., Tagle, R., Adamson, T., Bergstrom, S., Cloete, R., Cohen, S., Domine, Laura, Fu, H., Hoskinson, C., Hyung, E., Kelly, M., Lard, E., Laukien, F., Lem, J., McCallum, R., Millsap, R., Parendo, C., Pataev, M. I., Peddeti, C., Pugh, J., Samuha, S., Sasselov, D. D., Schlereth, M., Siler, J., Siraj, A., Smith, P. M., Taylor, J., Weed, R., Wright, A., and Wynn, J.
Abstract: We have conducted an extensive towed-magnetic-sled survey during the period of June 14-28, 2023, over the seafloor about 85 km north of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, centered around the calculated path of the bolide CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1). We found about 850 spherules of diameter 0.1-1.3 millimeters in our samples. The samples were analyzed by micro-XRF, Electron Probe Microanalyzer and ICP Mass spectrometry. Here we report major and trace element compositions of the samples and classify spherules based on that analysis. We identified 78% of the spherules as primitive, in that their compositions have not been affected by planetary differentiation. We divided these into four groups corresponding to previously described cosmic spherule types. The remaining 22% appear to all reflect planetary igneous differentiation and are all different from previously described spherules. We call them D-type spherules. A portion of the D-spherules show an excess of Be, La and U, by up to three orders of magnitude relative to the solar system standard of CI chondrites. Detailed mass spectroscopy of 12 of these BeLaU-type spherules, the population of which may constitute up to ~10% of our entire collected sample, suggests that they are derived from material formed by planetary igneous fractionation. Their chemical composition is unlike any known solar system material. We compare these compositions to known differentiated bodies in the solar system and find them similar to evolved planetary materials - with lunar KREEP the closest in terms of its trace element enrichment pattern, but unusual in terms of their elevated CI-normalized incompatible elements. The BeLaU-type spherules reflect a highly differentiated, extremely evolved composition of an unknown source., Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures, submitted for publication
Published: 2024

20. The Redshift Evolution of the $M_\bullet-M_\star$ Relation for JWST's Supermassive Black Holes at $z > 4$

Author: Pacucci, Fabio, Loeb, Abraham, Pacucci, Fabio, and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: JWST has detected many overmassive galactic systems at $z > 4$, where the mass of the black hole, $M_\bullet$, is $10-100$ times larger than expected from local relations, given the host's stellar mass, $M_\star$. This Letter presents a model to describe these overmassive systems in the high-$z$ Universe. We suggest that the black hole mass is the main driver of high-$z$ star formation quenching. SMBHs globally impact their high-$z$ galaxies because their hosts are physically small, and the black holes have duty cycles close to unity at $z > 4$. In this regime, we assume that black hole mass growth is regulated by the quasar's output, while stellar mass growth is quenched by it and uncorrelated to the global properties of the host halo. We find that the ratio $M_\bullet/M_\star$ controls the average star formation efficiency: if $M_\bullet/M_\star > 8\times 10^{18} (n \Lambda/f_{edd})[(\Omega_b M_h)/(\Omega_m M_\star) - 1]$, then the galaxy is unable to form stars efficiently. Once this ratio exceeds the threshold, a runaway process brings the originally overmassive system towards the local $M_\bullet - M_\star$ relation. Furthermore, the $M_\bullet - M_\star$ relation evolves with redshift as $\propto (1+z)^{5/2}$. At $z \sim 5$, we find an overmassive factor of $\sim 55$, in excellent agreement with current JWST data and the high-$z$ relation inferred from those. Extending the black hole horizon farther in redshift and lower in mass will test this model and improve our understanding of the early co-evolution of black holes and galaxies., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 11 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2024
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21. Surface Brightness Bias in the Shape Statistics of High-Redshift Galaxies

Author: Loeb, Abraham and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: Recently, Pandya et al. (2023) argued that the shapes of dwarf galaxies in JWST-CEERS observations show a prolate fraction that rises from ~25% at redshifts z=0.5-1 to ~50-80% at z=3-8. Here we suggest that this apparent change could result from a surface-brightness bias, favoring the detection of edge-on disks at low-luminosities and high-redshifts. Changing edge-on projections with an axis ratio of 10 to a face-on orientation reduces their apparent surface brightness by 2.5 magnitude per arcsec$^2$ and could shift a substantial fraction of the observed galaxies below the detection limit., Comment: 4 pages
Published: 2024

22. Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries from JWST and NANOGrav

Author: Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Loeb, Abraham, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We use the recent statistics of dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the $James \ Webb \ Space \ Telescope$ (JWST) data at $z \sim 3.4$ to address two aspects of the feedback and evolution scenarios of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHB). We find that the JWST data provide evidence for the members of a binary black hole being 'lit' at the same time, rather than independently -- a scenario which is consistent with gas-rich mergers being responsible for concurrent AGN activity. This conclusion is supported by the recent NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) measurements, whose upper limits on the stochastic gravitational wave strain amplitude lie below those expected from extrapolating the dual AGN fraction. The results indicate either a 'stalling' of the binaries at the separations probed by NANOGrav, or rapid gas-driven inspirals., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; references updated, typos corrected, matches version published in A&A Letters
Published: 2024
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23. Unmet Need for Mental Health Services Utilization Among Under-Resourced Black and Latinx Adults

Author: Loeb, Tamra B, Loeb, Tamra B, Viducich, Isabella, Smith-Clapham, Amber M, Adkins-Jackson, Paris, Zhang, Muyu, Cooley-Strickland, Michele, Davis, Teri, Pemberton, Jennifer V, Wyatt, Gail E, Loeb, Tamra B, Loeb, Tamra B, Viducich, Isabella, Smith-Clapham, Amber M, Adkins-Jackson, Paris, Zhang, Muyu, Cooley-Strickland, Michele, Davis, Teri, Pemberton, Jennifer V, and Wyatt, Gail E
Abstract: IntroductionSubstantial unmet need for mental health services (MHS) exists in the United States, with pronounced disparities among people of color. Research highlights the need to identify facilitators and barriers to MHS utilization among Black and Latinx individuals to better promote overall health. We tested an expanded model of MHS use based on Andersen's (1995) conceptual framework of health care utilization. Associations were examined between sociodemographic variables, trauma and adversity burden, living with HIV, and unmet need for MHS in a community sample of underresourced Black and Latinx individuals. Barriers to MHS utilization are described.MethodsFive-hundred participants completed the UCLA Life Adversities Screener (LADS), sociodemographic measures, and items assessing need for and barriers to MHS.Results228 (46%) participants reported a need for MHS; of these, 115 (51%) reported receiving MHS. A binomial logistic regression model estimated the relative contribution of the LADS on need for MHS. Severity of LADS, younger age, and living with HIV predicted unmet need for MHS. Barriers to MHS included financial and time constraints and health system-related issues. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests revealed differences in mental health symptoms by MHS need.DiscussionThe unmet need for MHS in this sample of Black and Latinx individuals highlights the importance of addressing the systemic roots of trauma and adversity burden, and eliminating structural barriers to treatment to reduce existing health and mental health inequities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2023

24. Achieving Health Equity and Continuity of Care for Black and Latinx People Living With HIV.

Author: Loeb, Tamra Burns, Loeb, Tamra Burns, Banks, Devin, Ramm, Kate, Viducich, Isabella, Beasley, Quonta, Barron, Juan, Chen, Elizabeth Lee, Norwood-Scott, Enricka, Fuentes, Kimberly, Zhang, Muyu, Brown, Arleen F, Wyatt, Gail E, Hamilton, Alison B, Loeb, Tamra Burns, Loeb, Tamra Burns, Banks, Devin, Ramm, Kate, Viducich, Isabella, Beasley, Quonta, Barron, Juan, Chen, Elizabeth Lee, Norwood-Scott, Enricka, Fuentes, Kimberly, Zhang, Muyu, Brown, Arleen F, Wyatt, Gail E, and Hamilton, Alison B
Published: 2023

25. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by 2,2’ Bipyridine-5,5’-Biscarboxylic Acid Derived-Rhenium Coordination Polyamides

Author: Loeb, Colin Kane, Kubiak, Clifford P1, Loeb, Colin Kane, Loeb, Colin Kane, Kubiak, Clifford P1, and Loeb, Colin Kane
Abstract: Rhenium coordinating polyamide derived from 2,2’-bipyride-5,5’-biscarboxylic acid and 1,3-benzenedimethanamine were synthesized, analyzed for structure, and prepared into thin films on graphitic electrodes. Polyamides exhibited varying degrees of polymerization and coordination site occupation with rhenium complexes depending on preparation and synthesis conditions. Polymeric films were demonstrated to be an effective way to fabricate heterogeneous rhenium-bipyridine complexes for electrode fabrication. These materials displayed electrochemical activity and overpotentials similar to other heterogenized catalysts for selective CO2 reduction with a faradaic efficiency of 82%, 11,865 TON and TOF of 3.3 s-1.
Published: 2022

26. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction by 2,2’ Bipyridine-5,5’-Biscarboxylic Acid Derived-Rhenium Coordination Polyamides

Author: Loeb, Colin Kane, Kubiak, Clifford P1, Loeb, Colin Kane, Loeb, Colin Kane, Kubiak, Clifford P1, and Loeb, Colin Kane
Abstract: Rhenium coordinating polyamide derived from 2,2’-bipyride-5,5’-biscarboxylic acid and 1,3-benzenedimethanamine were synthesized, analyzed for structure, and prepared into thin films on graphitic electrodes. Polyamides exhibited varying degrees of polymerization and coordination site occupation with rhenium complexes depending on preparation and synthesis conditions. Polymeric films were demonstrated to be an effective way to fabricate heterogeneous rhenium-bipyridine complexes for electrode fabrication. These materials displayed electrochemical activity and overpotentials similar to other heterogenized catalysts for selective CO2 reduction with a faradaic efficiency of 82%, 11,865 TON and TOF of 3.3 s-1.
Published: 2022

27. Inconsistency with De Sitter Spacetime of 'Gravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation'

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We study the recent Physical Review Letter [1] which presents a new mechanism for black hole evaporation through a spatially dependent temperature. This new temperature is comparable to the Hawking result near the black hole, but is very small far away, and therefore could be a small correction. Here we apply the proposed reasoning to the case of de Sitter space, finding that it over predicts the de Sitter temperature of a minimally coupled scalar by factor of $\approx 4.3$ and therefore cannot be ignored in any limit. This indicates an inconsistency in the proposed formalism., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, in double column format
Published: 2023

28. Utvärdering av IRIS - Intensiv rehabilitering i samverkan

Author: Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, Loeb, Carina, Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, and Loeb, Carina
Abstract: Denna rapport redovisar en utvärdering av Intensiv rehabiliterande insatssamordning (IRIS) utifrån ett rehabiliterande förhållningssätt och uppnå effektiviseringar i verksamheten. Inriktningen på projektet är att följa upp, ompröva och se över behovet av tidigare beviljade insatser hos brukare med omfattande behov. Projektet har flera mål, där ett av dem utgör grunden för denna utvärdering: att implementera ett rehabiliterande förhållningsätt hos biståndshandläggare och uppnå effektiviseringar. Som underlag för utvärderingen har intervjuer genomförts med sju personal och en brukare. I intervjuerna med personal framkommer att det inte finns någon gemensam definition på vad självständighet innebär på de olika gruppboendena. Avsaknad av en gemensam definition leder ibland till att personal arbetar med brukarna på olika sätt. En del försöker så långt möjligt få brukarna att själva utföra olika vardagssysslor, medan andra i högre grad utför vardagssyssloråt brukarna, mycket på grund av att det blir smidigare och arbetet görs snabbare. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att brukarna har möjlighet till egna val när det gäller olika vardagssysslor, trots få alternativ att välja på. Vid städinsats får brukarna oftast välja mellan två tider då städning skall genomföras. Brukaren får däremot inte möjlighet att välja bort städningen. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att de är positiva till insatsen IRIS. Insatsen IRIS styrka är att det genomförs som ett samverkansprojekt där kommunens alla professioner samarbetar för att få en bild av brukarens behov. Personalen upplevde även IRIS som användbar insats med brukarna. IRIS blir ett stöd att få brukare mer självständiga, dvs. att klara av olika vardagssysslor själva. Av samtalen med personal framgår även att de flesta upplevde kontakten med kvalitetssamordnarna som positiv och givande. Det genomfördes även intervju med en brukare. Även brukaren upplevde insatsen IRIS som positiv. Brukaren upplevde en högre grad av självständighet m, Rapporten är skriven på uppdrag av Vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen, Område funktionshinder/Stödenheten i Eskilstuna kommun
Published: 2023

29. Novel Methodologies Using History to Document the Effects of African American Sexual Trauma: Perspectives of Gail E. Wyatt, PhD

Author: Wyatt, Gail E, Wyatt, Gail E, Loeb, Tamra Burns, Cooley-Strickland, Michele, Chin, Dorothy, Wyatt, Lance E, Smith-Clapham, Amber M, Wyatt, Gail E, Wyatt, Gail E, Loeb, Tamra Burns, Cooley-Strickland, Michele, Chin, Dorothy, Wyatt, Lance E, and Smith-Clapham, Amber M
Abstract: This article describes the nearly half a century career of Dr. Gail E. Wyatt, PhD, and her development of novel methodologies and measures of sexual trauma, specifically the Wyatt Sex History Questionnaire and the University of California, Los Angeles, Life Adversities Screener. These approaches broke the silence around experiences of sexual violence, particularly among African Americans, identifying their effects on sexual functioning and mental health. These novel methods are designed without assuming sexual literacy of respondents, knowledge of anatomy, or that discussing sex is easy or common; they include topics that are considered private and may evoke emotions. Trained professionals administering face-to-face interviews can serve to establish rapport and educate the participant or client while minimizing possible discomfort and shame around the disclosure of sexual practices. In this article, four topics are discussed focusing on African Americans, but they may also be relevant to other racial/ethnic groups: (a) breaking the silence about sex, (b) sexual harassment: its disclosure and effects in the workplace, (c) racial discrimination: identifying its effects as a form of trauma, and (d) the cultural relevance of promoting sexual health. Historical patterns of abuse and trauma can no longer be ignored but need to be better understood by psychologists and used to improve policy and treatment standards. Recommendations for advancing the field using novel methods are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2023

30. Introduction STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2022

Author: Boyer, Tim, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, Abida, A, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmasuk, Brandon, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Atkinson, C, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Backensto, Stacia A, Bader, Stephan, Baez, Julian, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barnes, John E, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Bekele, E, Bellido, Guillem Martín, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Benestad, Rasmus, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bhuiyan, AE, Bigalke, Siiri, Biló, Tiago, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke Jarle, W, Blagrave, Kevin, Blake, Eric S, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael, Boucher, Olivier, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Bringas, Francis, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Chen, Hua, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chomiak, Leah, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Cohen, Judah L, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R, Cornes, Richard C, Correa, Kris, Costa, Felipe, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Créatux, Jean-François, Crhova, Lenka, Crimmins, Theresa, Cronin, Meghan F, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Culpepper, Joshua, Cunha, Ana P, Cusicanqui, Diego, Datta, Rajashree T, Davis, Sean M, De Bock, Veerle, de Jeu, Richard AM, De Laat, Jos, Decharme, Bertrand, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, Chris, Deus, Ricardo, Dhurmea, KR, Diamond, Howard J, Dirkse, S, Divine, Dmitry, Dokulil, Martin T, Donat, Markus G, Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A, Drost Jensen, Caroline, Druckenmiller, Matthew L, Drumond, Paula, du Plessis, Marcel, Dugan, Hilary A, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, Dunmire, Devon, Dunn, Robert JH, Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff, Duveiller, Gregory, Ekici, Mithat, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, ElKharrim, M, Epstein, Howard E, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, Estilow, Thomas W, Estrella, Nicole, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Fausto, Robert S, Feely, Richard A, Fenimore, Chris, Fereday, David, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, vitali E, Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris, Fogt, Ryan L, Forbes, Bruce C, Foster, Michael J, Franz, Bryan A, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Frith, Stacey M, Froidevaux, Lucien, Frost, Gerald V, Fuhrman, Steven, Füllekrug, Martin, Ganter, Catherine, Gao, Meng, Gardner, Alex S, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gerland, Sebastian, Gibbes, Badin, Gille, Sarah T, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, Scott J, Goldenberg, Stanley B, Goni, Gustavo, Goodman, Steven, Goto, Atsushi, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P, Hagos, S, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Bradley D, Hamlington, Benjamin D, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Harnos, Daniel S, Harris, Ian, He, Qiong, Heim, Richard R, Hellström, Sverker, Hemming, Deborah L, Hendricks, Stefan, Hicks, J, Hidalgo, Hugo G, Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, W, Holmes, Robert M, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hu, Guojie, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huang, Hongjie, Hurst, Dale F, Ialongo, Iolanda, Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jadra, Gerardo, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, John, Viju O, Johns, W, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C, Jones, Philip D, Jones, Timothy, Josey, Simon A, Jumaux, G, Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kabidi, K, Kaiser, Johannes W, Kaler, Robb SA, Kaleschke, Lars, Kaufmann, Viktor, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, Keller, Linda M, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kent, Elizabeth C, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, Valentina, Khiem, Mai Van, Kidd, Richard, Kim, Mi Ju, Kim, Seong-Joong, Kipling, Zak, Klotzbach, Philip J, Knaff, John A, Koppa, Akash, Korshunova, Natalia N, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Kruger, AC, Kruger, Andries, Kumar, Arun, L’Heureux, Michelle, La Fuente, Sofia, Laas, Alo, Labe, Zachary M, Lader, Rick, Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lam, Hoang Phuc, Lan, Xin, Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W, Lang, Timothy, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen O, Lara, Mark J, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lavers, David A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Leblanc, Thierry, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, Leibensperger, Eric M, Lennard, Chris, Leuliette, Eric, Leung, Kinson HY, Lieser, Jan L, Likso, Tanja, Lin, I-I, Lindsey, Jackie, Liu, Yakun, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G, Loomis, Bryant D, Lorrey, Andrew M, Loyola, Diego, Lu, Rui, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Luojus, Kari, Lyman, John M, Maberly, Stephen C, Macander, Matthew J, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Madelon, Remi, Magee, Andrew D, Magnin, Florence, Mamen, Jostein, Mankoff, Ken D, Manney, Gloria L, Marcinonienė, Izolda, Marengo, Jose A, Marjan, Mohammadi, Martínez, Ana E, Massom, Robert A, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew R, McAfee, Stephanie A, McBride, C, McCabe, Matthew F, McClelland, James W, McPhaden, Michael J, Mcvicar, Tim R, Mears, Carl A, Meier, Walter N, Mekonnen, A, Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J, Merrifield, Mark A, Meyer, Michael F, Meyers, Tristan, Mikolajczyk, David E, Miller, John B, Miralles, Diego G, Misevicius, Noelia, Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T, Moat, Ben I, Moesinger, Leander, Moise, Aurel, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, Monet, Ghislaine, Montzka, Stephan A, Moon, Twila A, Moore, GWK, Mora, Natali, Morán, Johnny, Morehen, Claire, Morice, Colin, Mostafa, AE, Mote, Thomas L, Mrekaj, Ivan, Mudryk, Lawrence, Mühle, Jens, Müller, Rolf, Nance, David, Nash, Eric R, Nerem, R Steven, Newman, Paul A, Nicolas, Julien P, Nieto, Juan J, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben, Norton, Taylor, Nyland, Kelsey E, O’Keefe, John, Ochwat, Naomi, Oikawa, Yoshinori, Okunaka, Yuka, Osborn, Timothy J, Overland, James E, Park, Taejin, Parrington, Mark, Parrish, Julia K, Pasch, Richard J, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pellet, Cécile, Pelto, Mauri S, Perčec Tadić, Melita, Perovich, Donald K, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, Petersen, Kyle, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Petty, Alek, Pezza, Alexandre B, Pezzi, Luciano P, Phillips, Coda, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pierson, Don, Pinto, Izidine, Pires, Vanda, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Pogliotti, Paolo, Poinar, Kristin, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Purkey, Sarah G, Qiu, Bo, Quisbert, Kenny, Quispe, Willy R, Rajeevan, M, Ramos, Andrea M, Randel, William J, Rantanen, Mika, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reagan, James, Recalde, Cristina, Reid, Phillip, Rémy, Samuel, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D, Ricker, Robert, Robinson, David A, Robjhon, M, Rocha, Willy, Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Romanovsky, Vladimir E, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosencrans, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H, Rösner, Benjamin, Rösner, Henrieke, Rozanov, Alexei, Rozkošný, Jozef, Rubek, Frans, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Rutishauser, This, Sabeerali, CT, Salinas, Roberto, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Sato, Katsunari, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Sayouri, A, Scambos, Theodore, Schenzinger, Verena, Schimanke, Semjon, Schlegel, Robert W, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schneider, Udo, Schreck, Carl J, Schultz, Cristina, _, _, Segele, ZT, Sensoy, Serhat, Serbin, Shawn P, Serreze, Mark C, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, Sezaki, Fumi, Sharma, Sapna, Sharp, Jonathan D, Sheffield, Gay, Shi, Jia-Rui, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Alexander I, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Shukla, R, Siegel, David A, Silow, Eugene A, Sima, F, Simmons, Adrian J, Smeed, David A, Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L, Soden, Brian J, Sofieva, Viktoria, Souza, Everaldo, Sparks, Tim H, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, Spencer, Robert GM, Spillane, Sandra, Sreejith, OP, Srivastava, AK, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K, Stella, Jose L, Stephenson, Tannecia S, Stradiotti, Pietro, Strahan, Susan E, Streletskiy, Dmitry A, Surendran, Divya E, Suslova, Anya, Svendby, Tove, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, Takemura, Kazuto, Tank, Suzanne E, Taylor, Michael A, Tedesco, Marco, Thackeray, Stephen J, Thiaw, WM, Thibert, Emmanuel, Thoman, Richard L, Thompson, Andrew F, Thompson, Philip R, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, Hans, Tourpali, Kleareti, Trescilo, Lidia, Tretiakov, Mikhail, Trewin, Blair C, Triñanes, Joaquin A, Trotman, Adrian, Truchelut, Ryan E, Trusel, Luke D, Tye, Mari R, van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J, van vliet, Arnold JH, Vazife, Ahad, Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J, Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastián, Volkov, Denis L, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S, Walker, Donald A, Walsh, John E, Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Ray HJ, Wang, Xinyue, Wanninkhof, Rik, Warnock, Taran, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Wehrlé, Adrian, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K, Widlansky, Matthew J, Wiese, David N, Wild, Jeannette D, Wille, Jonathan D, Willems, An, Willett, Kate M, Williams, Earle, Willis, J, Wong, Takmeng, Wood, Kimberly M, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, Xie, Ping-Ping, Yang, Dedi, Yin, Xungang, Yin, Ziqi, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R, Ziese, Markus, Zolkos, Scott, Zotta, Ruxandra M, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, Veasey, Sara W, Boyer, Tim, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, Abida, A, Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Adusumilli, Susheel, Agyakwah, W, Ahmasuk, Brandon, Aldeco, Laura S, Alexe, Mihai, Alfaro, Eric J, Allan, Richard P, Allgood, Adam, Alves, Lincoln M, Amador, Jorge A, Anderson, John, Andrade, B, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Arguez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Atkinson, C, Augustine, John A, Avalos, Grinia, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Backensto, Stacia A, Bader, Stephan, Baez, Julian, Baiman, Rebecca, Ballinger, Thomas J, Banwell, Alison F, Bardin, M Yu, Barichivich, Jonathan, Barnes, John E, Barreira, Sandra, Beadling, Rebecca L, Beck, Hylke E, Becker, Emily J, Bekele, E, Bellido, Guillem Martín, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Benestad, Rasmus, Berne, Christine, Berner, Logan T, Bernhard, Germar H, Bhatt, Uma S, Bhuiyan, AE, Bigalke, Siiri, Biló, Tiago, Bissolli, Peter, Bjerke Jarle, W, Blagrave, Kevin, Blake, Eric S, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Blunden, Jessica, Bochníček, Oliver, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael, Boucher, Olivier, Bozkurt, Deniz, Brettschneider, Brian, Bringas, Francis G, Bringas, Francis, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A, Bukunt, Brandon, Calderón, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J, Campbell, Jayaka, Campos, Diego, Carrea, Laura, Carter, Brendan R, Cetinić, Ivona, Chambers, Don P, Chan, Duo, Chandler, Elise, Chang, Kai-Lan, Chen, Hua, Chen, Lin, Cheng, Lijing, Cheng, Vincent YS, Chomiak, Leah, Christiansen, Hanne H, Christy, John R, Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M, Clarke, Leonardo, Clem, Kyle R, Clingan, Scott, Coelho, Caio AS, Cohen, Judah L, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Colwell, Steve, Cooper, Owen R, Cornes, Richard C, Correa, Kris, Costa, Felipe, Covey, Curt, Coy, Lawrence, Créatux, Jean-François, Crhova, Lenka, Crimmins, Theresa, Cronin, Meghan F, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Culpepper, Joshua, Cunha, Ana P, Cusicanqui, Diego, Datta, Rajashree T, Davis, Sean M, De Bock, Veerle, de Jeu, Richard AM, De Laat, Jos, Decharme, Bertrand, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, Chris, Deus, Ricardo, Dhurmea, KR, Diamond, Howard J, Dirkse, S, Divine, Dmitry, Dokulil, Martin T, Donat, Markus G, Dong, Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A, Drost Jensen, Caroline, Druckenmiller, Matthew L, Drumond, Paula, du Plessis, Marcel, Dugan, Hilary A, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, Dunmire, Devon, Dunn, Robert JH, Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff, Duveiller, Gregory, Ekici, Mithat, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, ElKharrim, M, Epstein, Howard E, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, Estilow, Thomas W, Estrella, Nicole, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Fausto, Robert S, Feely, Richard A, Fenimore, Chris, Fereday, David, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, vitali E, Flemming, Johannes, Fogarty, Chris, Fogt, Ryan L, Forbes, Bruce C, Foster, Michael J, Franz, Bryan A, Freeman, Natalie M, Fricker, Helen A, Frith, Stacey M, Froidevaux, Lucien, Frost, Gerald V, Fuhrman, Steven, Füllekrug, Martin, Ganter, Catherine, Gao, Meng, Gardner, Alex S, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gerland, Sebastian, Gibbes, Badin, Gille, Sarah T, Gilson, John, Gleason, Karin, Gobron, Nadine, Goetz, Scott J, Goldenberg, Stanley B, Goni, Gustavo, Goodman, Steven, Goto, Atsushi, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Gruber, Alexander, Gu, Guojun, Guard, Charles Chip P, Hagos, S, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Bradley D, Hamlington, Benjamin D, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Harnos, Daniel S, Harris, Ian, He, Qiong, Heim, Richard R, Hellström, Sverker, Hemming, Deborah L, Hendricks, Stefan, Hicks, J, Hidalgo, Hugo G, Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-peng, Hobbs, W, Holmes, Robert M, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hu, Guojie, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, Huang, Boyin, Huang, Hongjie, Hurst, Dale F, Ialongo, Iolanda, Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jadra, Gerardo, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, John, Viju O, Johns, W, Johnsen, Bjørn, Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C, Jones, Philip D, Jones, Timothy, Josey, Simon A, Jumaux, G, Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kabidi, K, Kaiser, Johannes W, Kaler, Robb SA, Kaleschke, Lars, Kaufmann, Viktor, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, Keller, Linda M, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kendon, Mike, Kennedy, John, Kent, Elizabeth C, Kerr, Kenneth, Khan, Valentina, Khiem, Mai Van, Kidd, Richard, Kim, Mi Ju, Kim, Seong-Joong, Kipling, Zak, Klotzbach, Philip J, Knaff, John A, Koppa, Akash, Korshunova, Natalia N, Kraemer, Benjamin M, Kramarova, Natalya A, Kruger, AC, Kruger, Andries, Kumar, Arun, L’Heureux, Michelle, La Fuente, Sofia, Laas, Alo, Labe, Zachary M, Lader, Rick, Lakatos, Mónika, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lam, Hoang Phuc, Lan, Xin, Landschützer, Peter, Landsea, Chris W, Lang, Timothy, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lantz, Kathleen O, Lara, Mark J, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, Lavers, David A, Lazzara, Matthew A, Leblanc, Thierry, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, Leibensperger, Eric M, Lennard, Chris, Leuliette, Eric, Leung, Kinson HY, Lieser, Jan L, Likso, Tanja, Lin, I-I, Lindsey, Jackie, Liu, Yakun, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G, Loomis, Bryant D, Lorrey, Andrew M, Loyola, Diego, Lu, Rui, Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Luojus, Kari, Lyman, John M, Maberly, Stephen C, Macander, Matthew J, MacFerrin, Michael, MacGilchrist, Graeme A, MacLennan, Michelle L, Madelon, Remi, Magee, Andrew D, Magnin, Florence, Mamen, Jostein, Mankoff, Ken D, Manney, Gloria L, Marcinonienė, Izolda, Marengo, Jose A, Marjan, Mohammadi, Martínez, Ana E, Massom, Robert A, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mazloff, Matthew R, McAfee, Stephanie A, McBride, C, McCabe, Matthew F, McClelland, James W, McPhaden, Michael J, Mcvicar, Tim R, Mears, Carl A, Meier, Walter N, Mekonnen, A, Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J, Merrifield, Mark A, Meyer, Michael F, Meyers, Tristan, Mikolajczyk, David E, Miller, John B, Miralles, Diego G, Misevicius, Noelia, Mishonov, Alexey, Mitchum, Gary T, Moat, Ben I, Moesinger, Leander, Moise, Aurel, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, Monet, Ghislaine, Montzka, Stephan A, Moon, Twila A, Moore, GWK, Mora, Natali, Morán, Johnny, Morehen, Claire, Morice, Colin, Mostafa, AE, Mote, Thomas L, Mrekaj, Ivan, Mudryk, Lawrence, Mühle, Jens, Müller, Rolf, Nance, David, Nash, Eric R, Nerem, R Steven, Newman, Paul A, Nicolas, Julien P, Nieto, Juan J, Noetzli, Jeannette, Noll, Ben, Norton, Taylor, Nyland, Kelsey E, O’Keefe, John, Ochwat, Naomi, Oikawa, Yoshinori, Okunaka, Yuka, Osborn, Timothy J, Overland, James E, Park, Taejin, Parrington, Mark, Parrish, Julia K, Pasch, Richard J, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, Pellet, Cécile, Pelto, Mauri S, Perčec Tadić, Melita, Perovich, Donald K, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, Petersen, Kyle, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Petty, Alek, Pezza, Alexandre B, Pezzi, Luciano P, Phillips, Coda, Phoenix, Gareth K, Pierson, Don, Pinto, Izidine, Pires, Vanda, Pitts, Michael, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Pogliotti, Paolo, Poinar, Kristin, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Purkey, Sarah G, Qiu, Bo, Quisbert, Kenny, Quispe, Willy R, Rajeevan, M, Ramos, Andrea M, Randel, William J, Rantanen, Mika, Raphael, Marilyn N, Reagan, James, Recalde, Cristina, Reid, Phillip, Rémy, Samuel, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D, Ricker, Robert, Robinson, David A, Robjhon, M, Rocha, Willy, Rodell, Matthew, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Romanovsky, Vladimir E, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosencrans, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H, Rösner, Benjamin, Rösner, Henrieke, Rozanov, Alexei, Rozkošný, Jozef, Rubek, Frans, Rusanovskaya, Olga O, Rutishauser, This, Sabeerali, CT, Salinas, Roberto, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L, Santini, Marcelo, Sato, Katsunari, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Sayouri, A, Scambos, Theodore, Schenzinger, Verena, Schimanke, Semjon, Schlegel, Robert W, Schmid, Claudia, Schmid, Martin, Schneider, Udo, Schreck, Carl J, Schultz, Cristina, _, _, Segele, ZT, Sensoy, Serhat, Serbin, Shawn P, Serreze, Mark C, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, Sezaki, Fumi, Sharma, Sapna, Sharp, Jonathan D, Sheffield, Gay, Shi, Jia-Rui, Shi, Lei, Shiklomanov, Alexander I, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V, Shukla, R, Siegel, David A, Silow, Eugene A, Sima, F, Simmons, Adrian J, Smeed, David A, Smith, Adam, Smith, Sharon L, Soden, Brian J, Sofieva, Viktoria, Souza, Everaldo, Sparks, Tim H, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, Spencer, Robert GM, Spillane, Sandra, Sreejith, OP, Srivastava, AK, Stackhouse, Paul W, Stammerjohn, Sharon, Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K, Stella, Jose L, Stephenson, Tannecia S, Stradiotti, Pietro, Strahan, Susan E, Streletskiy, Dmitry A, Surendran, Divya E, Suslova, Anya, Svendby, Tove, Sweet, William, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, Takemura, Kazuto, Tank, Suzanne E, Taylor, Michael A, Tedesco, Marco, Thackeray, Stephen J, Thiaw, WM, Thibert, Emmanuel, Thoman, Richard L, Thompson, Andrew F, Thompson, Philip R, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, Timofeyev, Maxim A, Tobin, Skie, Tømmervik, Hans, Tourpali, Kleareti, Trescilo, Lidia, Tretiakov, Mikhail, Trewin, Blair C, Triñanes, Joaquin A, Trotman, Adrian, Truchelut, Ryan E, Trusel, Luke D, Tye, Mari R, van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J, van vliet, Arnold JH, Vazife, Ahad, Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J, Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastián, Volkov, Denis L, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S, Walker, Donald A, Walsh, John E, Wang, Bin, Wang, Hui, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Ray HJ, Wang, Xinyue, Wanninkhof, Rik, Warnock, Taran, Weber, Mark, Webster, Melinda, Wehrlé, Adrian, Wen, Caihong, Westberry, Toby K, Widlansky, Matthew J, Wiese, David N, Wild, Jeannette D, Wille, Jonathan D, Willems, An, Willett, Kate M, Williams, Earle, Willis, J, Wong, Takmeng, Wood, Kimberly M, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, Xie, Ping-Ping, Yang, Dedi, Yin, Xungang, Yin, Ziqi, Zeng, Zhenzhong, Zhang, Huai-min, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Zhu, Zhiwei, Ziemke, Jerry R, Ziese, Markus, Zolkos, Scott, Zotta, Ruxandra M, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy V, Haley, Bridgette O, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S Elizabeth, Ohlmann, Laura, Noguchi, Lukas, Riddle, Deborah B, and Veasey, Sara W
Abstract: Abstract —J. BLUNDEN, T. BOYER, AND E. BARTOW-GILLIES Earth’s global climate system is vast, complex, and intricately interrelated. Many areas are influenced by global-scale phenomena, including the “triple dip” La Niña conditions that prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean nearly continuously from mid-2020 through all of 2022; by regional phenomena such as the positive winter and summer North Atlantic Oscillation that impacted weather in parts the Northern Hemisphere and the negative Indian Ocean dipole that impacted weather in parts of the Southern Hemisphere; and by more localized systems such as high-pressure heat domes that caused extreme heat in different areas of the world. Underlying all these natural short-term variabilities are long-term climate trends due to continuous increases since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases. In 2022, the annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 417.1±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. Global mean tropospheric methane abundance was 165% higher than its pre-industrial level, and nitrous oxide was 24% higher. All three gases set new record-high atmospheric concentration levels in 2022. Sea-surface temperature patterns in the tropical Pacific characteristic of La Niña and attendant atmospheric patterns tend to mitigate atmospheric heat gain at the global scale, but the annual global surface temperature across land and oceans was still among the six highest in records dating as far back as the mid-1800s. It was the warmest La Niña year on record. Many areas observed record or near-record heat. Europe as a whole observed its second-warmest year on record, with sixteen individual countries observing record warmth at the national scale. Records were shattered across the continent during the summer months as heatwaves
Published: 2023

31. Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Metformin in Head and Neck Cancer: A Concise Review

Author: Bouland, Cyril, Vanden Eynden, Xavier, Lalmand, Martin, Buset, Thibaut, Yanni, Antoine, Javadian, Rokneddine, Rodriguez, Alexandra, Loeb, Isabelle, Lechien, Jérôme, Journé, Fabrice, Saussez, Sven, Dequanter, Didier, Bouland, Cyril, Vanden Eynden, Xavier, Lalmand, Martin, Buset, Thibaut, Yanni, Antoine, Javadian, Rokneddine, Rodriguez, Alexandra, Loeb, Isabelle, Lechien, Jérôme, Journé, Fabrice, Saussez, Sven, and Dequanter, Didier
Abstract: Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex affection. Nowadays, conventional treatments are associated with many side effects, reducing the patient’s quality of life. Recent studies suggest that metformin, a first-line treatment for diabetes, could decrease cancer incidence and improve cancer-related survival rates. Methods: This systematic review summarizes important data from studies evaluating metformin’s contribution to preventing and treating HNC. Results: The results suggest a protective effect of metformin in HNC. However, no consensus has been found on its therapeutic effects. Metformin seems to confer an improved cancer-related survival rate in a diabetic population, but compared to a non-diabetic population, the review could not identify any advantages. Nevertheless, no studies presented a negative impact. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this systematic review suggest that HNC patients may benefit from metformin. Indeed, it would reduce the HNC incidence. However, more studies are required to evaluate the effect on cancer-related survival rates., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2023

32. Possible Relation between the Cosmological Constant and Standard Model Parameters

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We propose possible properties of quantum gravity in de Sitter space, and find that they relate the value of the cosmological constant to parameters of the Standard Model. In de Sitter space we suggest (i) that the most sharply defined observables are obtained by scattering objects from the horizon and back to the horizon and (ii) that black holes of discrete charge are well defined states in the theory. For a black hole of minimal discrete electric charge, we therefore demand that a scattering process involving the black hole and a probe can take place within a Hubble time before evaporating away, so that the state of a discretely charged black hole is well defined. By imposing that the black hole's charge is in principle detectable, which involves appreciably altering the state of a scattered electron, we derive a relation between the Hubble scale, or cosmological constant, and the electron's mass and charge and order one coefficients that describe our ignorance of the full microscopic theory. This gives the prediction $\Lambda \sim 10^{-123 \pm 2} M_{Pl}^4$, which includes the observed value of dark energy. We suggest possible ways to test this proposal., Comment: 4 pages in double column format. 1 figure. V2: Further clarifications added, including a figure. V3: Minor changes. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. V4: Comment added
Published: 2023
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33. Possible Relation between the Cosmological Constant and Standard Model Parameters

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We propose possible properties of quantum gravity in de Sitter space, and find that they relate the value of the cosmological constant to parameters of the Standard Model. In de Sitter space we suggest (i) that the most sharply defined observables are obtained by scattering objects from the horizon and back to the horizon and (ii) that black holes of discrete charge are well defined states in the theory. For a black hole of minimal discrete electric charge, we therefore demand that a scattering process involving the black hole and a probe can take place within a Hubble time before evaporating away, so that the state of a discretely charged black hole is well defined. By imposing that the black hole's charge is in principle detectable, which involves appreciably altering the state of a scattered electron, we derive a relation between the Hubble scale, or cosmological constant, and the electron's mass and charge and order one coefficients that describe our ignorance of the full microscopic theory. This gives the prediction $\Lambda \sim 10^{-123 \pm 2} M_{Pl}^4$, which includes the observed value of dark energy. We suggest possible ways to test this proposal., Comment: 4 pages in double column format. 1 figure. V2: Further clarifications added, including a figure. V3: Minor changes. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. V4: Comment added
Published: 2023
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34. Inconsistency with De Sitter Spacetime of 'Gravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation'

Author: Hertzberg, Mark P., Loeb, Abraham, Hertzberg, Mark P., and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We study the recent Physical Review Letter [1] which presents a new mechanism for black hole evaporation through a spatially dependent temperature. This new temperature is comparable to the Hawking result near the black hole, but is very small far away, and therefore could be a small correction. Here we apply the proposed reasoning to the case of de Sitter space, finding that it over predicts the de Sitter temperature of a minimally coupled scalar by factor of $\approx 4.3$ and therefore cannot be ignored in any limit. This indicates an inconsistency in the proposed formalism., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, in double column format
Published: 2023

35. Utvärdering av en fysisk respektive digital PFA-utbildning : Skiljer sig kunskapsinhämtning och yrkesrelaterad tilltro till förmågan åt beroende på utbildningsform?

Author: Olsson, Sylvia, Loeb, Carina, Olsson, Sylvia, and Loeb, Carina
Abstract: Denna rapport redovisar en utvärdering av en utbildning i Pedagogiskt förhållnings- och arbetssätt, (PFA) vilken innebär att man utgår från varje persons färdigheter och svårigheter, för att skapa förutsättningar till en tillvaro där personens färdigheter används och svårigheter kompenseras. Utbildningsinsatserna görs i två varianter, antingen (1) fysiskt i grupp på en bestämd plats eller (2) digitalt individuellt och platsoberoende. Målet med projektet är att utvärdera kursdeltagarnas kunskapsinhämtning samt yrkesrelaterad tilltro till sin förmåga. Deltagarna i utbildningarna var personal inom LSS-verksamhet som antingen gick en fysisk eller digital utbildning i Pedagogiskt förhållnings- och arbetssätt (PFA). För att utvärdera PFA-utbildningen samlades totalt 338 enkäter in fördelade på två mättillfällen; före utbildningen startade och direkt efter den var avslutad. Förutom bakgrundsfrågor om deltagarnas kännedom om PFA, KASAM, kognition samt kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar så utarbetades ett nytt frågeformulär med totalt 16 frågor för att mäta anställdas tilltro till sin förmåga att arbeta stödjande och omsorgsrelaterat. Sammanfattningsvis visade resultaten av utvärderingen att både den fysiska och digitala formen av PFA-utbildning bidrog till kunskapsutveckling inom PFA, KASAM (känsla av sammanhang), kognition och kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar. Resultaten indikerar att den fysiska formen av utbildning hade en mer positiv effekt på studerandes kunskapsnivå om PFA, KASAM, kognition samt kognitiva funktionsnedsättingar efter utbildningens slut jämfört med de deltagare som deltog i den digitala utbildningen. Dock var kunskapsnivån i den fysiska gruppen, speciellt gällande PFA, något högre redan innan de startade utbildningen jämfört med de som gick kursen digitalt. Det är möjligt att den personliga interaktionen och den fysiska närvaron i klassrummet bidrog till en starkare inlärningsupplevelse. Viktigt att påpeka är att resultaten av denna utvärdering behöver
Published: 2023

36. Does Medicaid cover artificial urinary sphincter and male urethral sling surgery?-a state-by-state analysis.

Author: Soltanzadeh Zarandi, Sina, Soltanzadeh Zarandi, Sina, Loeb, Charles A, Barham, David W, Miller, Jake A, Schneider, Douglas, Hammad, Muhammed A Moukhtar, Yafi, Faysal A, Soltanzadeh Zarandi, Sina, Soltanzadeh Zarandi, Sina, Loeb, Charles A, Barham, David W, Miller, Jake A, Schneider, Douglas, Hammad, Muhammed A Moukhtar, and Yafi, Faysal A
Abstract: BackgroundInformation regarding the Medicaid coverage of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and male suburethral slings (MS) placement in the United States (US) is not readily available. In this manuscript, we seek to elucidate the state-by-state Medicaid coverage of these two procedures in the US.MethodsState Medicaid websites were utilized to access publicly available physician fee schedules for the calendar year 2020. Fee schedules were searched for current procedural terminology (CPT) codes. CPT codes representing insertion of tandem cuff, insertion of AUS, removal of AUS, removal and replacement AUS, sling operation for correction of male stress urinary incontinence (SUI), and removal or revision of sling for male SUI were utilized. Data were recorded by the procedure for each device, including the coverage status and physician fees.ResultsOf the 50 US states analyzed, 49 publish publicly accessible physician fee schedules. All 49 of these states reported coverage for removal with and without revision of the AUS, and 48 states reported coverage for insertion of an AUS, and insertion of a tandem cuff. The median reimbursement for each AUS related procedure was $624.00 ($181.84-$10,960.90) for tandem cuff, $665.54 ($199.89-$11,949.86) for AUS insertion, $528.03 ($146.90-$1,893.12) for AUS removal, and $630.29 ($208.55-$11,586.74) for AUS revision. All 49 states reported coverage for placement of MS, and 48 states reported coverage for removal or revision of MS. The median reimbursement was $652.57 ($198.00-$5,237.35) for MS placement and $554.47 ($104.27-$2,288.93) for MS revision.ConclusionsAUS and MS procedures in the Medicaid population are covered by nearly all states. Therefore, surgical treatment of SUI may be offered to Medicaid patients in most states without reimbursement concerns.
Published: 2023

37. The Genetic Architecture of Grain Quality and its Temporal Relationship with Growth and Development in Winter Malting Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Author: Loeb, Amelia and Loeb, Amelia
Abstract: This thesis explores the genetic architecture of malting quality within the Virginia Tech barley breeding program, and discusses implications for imposing selection on complex traits that are difficult to phenotype. Malting quality measures are destructive, and can not be performed before selection must be made for advancement of breeding lines in winter barley. A growing body of evidence suggests that malt quality is influenced by malting regime, growing environment, line genotype, and the interactions between them. We aim to better understand the genetic effect on malt quality in two manners: first, as it relates to the genetic architecture regulating malt quality parameters, and second the relationship between genetic growth patterns to end-use malting traits. This study included two years of breeding trial data of two and six-row winter malt barley across two locations. Results of a genome-wide association scan and genomic prediction of malt quality traits indicated that they are largely quantitative traits with complex inheritance. Previous studies have identified quantitative trait loci and genes regulating malt quality traits in markedly different germplasm. Heritability of traits ranged from 0.27 to 0.72, while mean predictive abilities ranged from 0.45 to 0.74. Thus, selection on genomic estimated breeding values (gEBVs) should perform similarly to selection on single phenotypic observations of quality, but can be done within the same season. This indicates that genomic selection may be a viable method to accelerate genetic improvement of malting quality traits. The use of gEBVs requires that lines be genotyped with genome-wide markers, somewhat limiting the number of candidate individuals. Selection on growth and development traits genetically correlated with quality measures could allow for selection among a much greater number of candidates if high-throughput phenotypes can be collected on many ungenotyped indivduals. Growth and development was quantifie
Published: 2023

38. Synthesis on the effectiveness of soil translocation for plant community restoration

Author: Gerrits, G.M., Waenink, R., Aradottir, A.L., Buisson, E., Dutoit, T., Fontaine, J.B ., Jaunatre, R., Kardol, P., Loeb, R., et al., Gerrits, G.M., Waenink, R., Aradottir, A.L., Buisson, E., Dutoit, T., Fontaine, J.B ., Jaunatre, R., Kardol, P., Loeb, R., and et al.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext
Published: 2023

39. Need for Sexual, Reproductive, and Mental Health Promotion Among Diverse College Students in a COVID-19 Era.

Author: Wyatt, Gail, Wyatt, Gail, Loeb, Tamra, Nicholas, Lisa, Smith-Clapham, Amber, Hamman, Amina, Abraham, Misha, Scott, Enricka, Albarran, Graciela, Cooley-Strickland, Michele, Wyatt, Gail, Wyatt, Gail, Loeb, Tamra, Nicholas, Lisa, Smith-Clapham, Amber, Hamman, Amina, Abraham, Misha, Scott, Enricka, Albarran, Graciela, and Cooley-Strickland, Michele
Abstract: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced unprecedented disruptions in higher education operations. While the adverse mental health effects experienced by college students due to these changes are well documented, less is known about the impact on their sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and the reciprocal relationships between SRH and mental health among adolescents and emerging adults. This position paper reviews existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SRH, sexual violence, unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted illness and human immunodeficiency virus rates and highlights issues specific to college-aged males, females, racial/ethnic and sexual minorities, and individuals with disabilities. The need to conceptualize SRH as an integral component of normal development, overall health, and well-being in the context of COVID-19 is discussed. The need to prioritize the design and implementation of developmentally appropriate, evidence-based SRH interventions specifically targeting college students is identified. Furthermore, an intergenerational approach to SRH that includes parents/caregivers and/or college faculty and staff (e.g., coaches, trainers) could facilitate comprehensive SRH prevention programming that enhances sexual violence prevention training programs currently mandated by many colleges. Policies and programs designed to mitigate adverse pandemic-related exacerbations in negative SRH outcomes are urgently needed and should be included in mainstream clinical psychology, not only focused on preventing unwanted outcomes but also in promoting rewarding interpersonal relationships and overall well-being. Recommendations for clinical psychologists and mental health researchers are made.
Published: 2023

40. Retrospective evaluation of real-time estimates of global COVID-19 transmission trends and mortality forecasts.

Author: Bhatia, Sangeeta, Bhatia, Sangeeta, Parag, Kris, Wardle, Jack, Nash, Rebecca, Imai, Natsuko, Elsland, Sabine, Lassmann, Britta, Brownstein, John, Herringer, Mark, Sewalk, Kara, Loeb, Sarah, Ramatowski, John, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Jauneikaite, Elita, Unwin, H, Riley, Steven, Ferguson, Neil, Donnelly, Christl, Cori, Anne, Nouvellet, Pierre, Desai, Angel, Bhatia, Sangeeta, Bhatia, Sangeeta, Parag, Kris, Wardle, Jack, Nash, Rebecca, Imai, Natsuko, Elsland, Sabine, Lassmann, Britta, Brownstein, John, Herringer, Mark, Sewalk, Kara, Loeb, Sarah, Ramatowski, John, Cuomo-Dannenburg, Gina, Jauneikaite, Elita, Unwin, H, Riley, Steven, Ferguson, Neil, Donnelly, Christl, Cori, Anne, Nouvellet, Pierre, and Desai, Angel
Abstract: Since 8th March 2020 up to the time of writing, we have been producing near real-time weekly estimates of SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility and forecasts of deaths due to COVID-19 for all countries with evidence of sustained transmission, shared online. We also developed a novel heuristic to combine weekly estimates of transmissibility to produce forecasts over a 4-week horizon. Here we present a retrospective evaluation of the forecasts produced between 8th March to 29th November 2020 for 81 countries. We evaluated the robustness of the forecasts produced in real-time using relative error, coverage probability, and comparisons with null models. During the 39-week period covered by this study, both the short- and medium-term forecasts captured well the epidemic trajectory across different waves of COVID-19 infections with small relative errors over the forecast horizon. The model was well calibrated with 56.3% and 45.6% of the observations lying in the 50% Credible Interval in 1-week and 4-week ahead forecasts respectively. The retrospective evaluation of our models shows that simple transmission models calibrated using routine disease surveillance data can reliably capture the epidemic trajectory in multiple countries. The medium-term forecasts can be used in conjunction with the short-term forecasts of COVID-19 mortality as a useful planning tool as countries continue to relax public health measures.
Published: 2023

41. Utvärdering av IRIS - Intensiv rehabilitering i samverkan

Author: Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, Loeb, Carina, Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, and Loeb, Carina
Abstract: Denna rapport redovisar en utvärdering av Intensiv rehabiliterande insatssamordning (IRIS) utifrån ett rehabiliterande förhållningssätt och uppnå effektiviseringar i verksamheten. Inriktningen på projektet är att följa upp, ompröva och se över behovet av tidigare beviljade insatser hos brukare med omfattande behov. Projektet har flera mål, där ett av dem utgör grunden för denna utvärdering: att implementera ett rehabiliterande förhållningsätt hos biståndshandläggare och uppnå effektiviseringar. Som underlag för utvärderingen har intervjuer genomförts med sju personal och en brukare. I intervjuerna med personal framkommer att det inte finns någon gemensam definition på vad självständighet innebär på de olika gruppboendena. Avsaknad av en gemensam definition leder ibland till att personal arbetar med brukarna på olika sätt. En del försöker så långt möjligt få brukarna att själva utföra olika vardagssysslor, medan andra i högre grad utför vardagssyssloråt brukarna, mycket på grund av att det blir smidigare och arbetet görs snabbare. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att brukarna har möjlighet till egna val när det gäller olika vardagssysslor, trots få alternativ att välja på. Vid städinsats får brukarna oftast välja mellan två tider då städning skall genomföras. Brukaren får däremot inte möjlighet att välja bort städningen. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att de är positiva till insatsen IRIS. Insatsen IRIS styrka är att det genomförs som ett samverkansprojekt där kommunens alla professioner samarbetar för att få en bild av brukarens behov. Personalen upplevde även IRIS som användbar insats med brukarna. IRIS blir ett stöd att få brukare mer självständiga, dvs. att klara av olika vardagssysslor själva. Av samtalen med personal framgår även att de flesta upplevde kontakten med kvalitetssamordnarna som positiv och givande. Det genomfördes även intervju med en brukare. Även brukaren upplevde insatsen IRIS som positiv. Brukaren upplevde en högre grad av självständighet m, Rapporten är skriven på uppdrag av Vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen, Område funktionshinder/Stödenheten i Eskilstuna kommun
Published: 2023

42. Utvärdering av IRIS - Intensiv rehabilitering i samverkan

Author: Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, Loeb, Carina, Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, and Loeb, Carina
Abstract: Denna rapport redovisar en utvärdering av Intensiv rehabiliterande insatssamordning (IRIS) utifrån ett rehabiliterande förhållningssätt och uppnå effektiviseringar i verksamheten. Inriktningen på projektet är att följa upp, ompröva och se över behovet av tidigare beviljade insatser hos brukare med omfattande behov. Projektet har flera mål, där ett av dem utgör grunden för denna utvärdering: att implementera ett rehabiliterande förhållningsätt hos biståndshandläggare och uppnå effektiviseringar. Som underlag för utvärderingen har intervjuer genomförts med sju personal och en brukare. I intervjuerna med personal framkommer att det inte finns någon gemensam definition på vad självständighet innebär på de olika gruppboendena. Avsaknad av en gemensam definition leder ibland till att personal arbetar med brukarna på olika sätt. En del försöker så långt möjligt få brukarna att själva utföra olika vardagssysslor, medan andra i högre grad utför vardagssyssloråt brukarna, mycket på grund av att det blir smidigare och arbetet görs snabbare. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att brukarna har möjlighet till egna val när det gäller olika vardagssysslor, trots få alternativ att välja på. Vid städinsats får brukarna oftast välja mellan två tider då städning skall genomföras. Brukaren får däremot inte möjlighet att välja bort städningen. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att de är positiva till insatsen IRIS. Insatsen IRIS styrka är att det genomförs som ett samverkansprojekt där kommunens alla professioner samarbetar för att få en bild av brukarens behov. Personalen upplevde även IRIS som användbar insats med brukarna. IRIS blir ett stöd att få brukare mer självständiga, dvs. att klara av olika vardagssysslor själva. Av samtalen med personal framgår även att de flesta upplevde kontakten med kvalitetssamordnarna som positiv och givande. Det genomfördes även intervju med en brukare. Även brukaren upplevde insatsen IRIS som positiv. Brukaren upplevde en högre grad av självständighet m, Rapporten är skriven på uppdrag av Vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen, Område funktionshinder/Stödenheten i Eskilstuna kommun
Published: 2023

43. Utvärdering av IRIS - Intensiv rehabilitering i samverkan

Author: Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, Loeb, Carina, Dag, Munir, Olsson, Sylvia, and Loeb, Carina
Abstract: Denna rapport redovisar en utvärdering av Intensiv rehabiliterande insatssamordning (IRIS) utifrån ett rehabiliterande förhållningssätt och uppnå effektiviseringar i verksamheten. Inriktningen på projektet är att följa upp, ompröva och se över behovet av tidigare beviljade insatser hos brukare med omfattande behov. Projektet har flera mål, där ett av dem utgör grunden för denna utvärdering: att implementera ett rehabiliterande förhållningsätt hos biståndshandläggare och uppnå effektiviseringar. Som underlag för utvärderingen har intervjuer genomförts med sju personal och en brukare. I intervjuerna med personal framkommer att det inte finns någon gemensam definition på vad självständighet innebär på de olika gruppboendena. Avsaknad av en gemensam definition leder ibland till att personal arbetar med brukarna på olika sätt. En del försöker så långt möjligt få brukarna att själva utföra olika vardagssysslor, medan andra i högre grad utför vardagssyssloråt brukarna, mycket på grund av att det blir smidigare och arbetet görs snabbare. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att brukarna har möjlighet till egna val när det gäller olika vardagssysslor, trots få alternativ att välja på. Vid städinsats får brukarna oftast välja mellan två tider då städning skall genomföras. Brukaren får däremot inte möjlighet att välja bort städningen. Av personalens uttalanden framgår att de är positiva till insatsen IRIS. Insatsen IRIS styrka är att det genomförs som ett samverkansprojekt där kommunens alla professioner samarbetar för att få en bild av brukarens behov. Personalen upplevde även IRIS som användbar insats med brukarna. IRIS blir ett stöd att få brukare mer självständiga, dvs. att klara av olika vardagssysslor själva. Av samtalen med personal framgår även att de flesta upplevde kontakten med kvalitetssamordnarna som positiv och givande. Det genomfördes även intervju med en brukare. Även brukaren upplevde insatsen IRIS som positiv. Brukaren upplevde en högre grad av självständighet m, Rapporten är skriven på uppdrag av Vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen, Område funktionshinder/Stödenheten i Eskilstuna kommun
Published: 2023

44. Transmembrane transport by platinum-based metal-organic anionophores

Author: Wang, P, Fares, M, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, S, Macreadie, L, Gale, PA, Wang, P, Fares, M, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, S, Macreadie, L, and Gale, PA
Published: 2023

45. Transmembrane transport by platinum-based metal-organic anionophores

Author: Wang, P, Fares, M, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, S, Macreadie, L, Gale, PA, Wang, P, Fares, M, Wu, X, Lewis, W, Loeb, S, Macreadie, L, and Gale, PA
Published: 2023

46. Interstellar Meteors from Tidal Disruption of Rocky Planets on Eccentric Orbits Around M Dwarfs

Author: Loeb, Abraham, MacLeod, Morgan, Loeb, Abraham, and MacLeod, Morgan
Abstract: Low-mass stars appear to frequently host planetary systems. When these rocky planets develop high eccentricities as a result of secular torques or dynamical scatterings, they occasionally pass close to the host star. In these close passages, planets can be tidally disrupted, and sheared into bound and unbound debris tails. To suffer such a disruption the stellar density must by higher than the planetary density. This condition is met for the most common star and planet systems, M-dwarf stars hosting rocky planets. We describe the dynamics of a tidal disruption, and estimate the typical velocities of unbound ejecta. We simulate the gas dynamics of a planetary tidal disruption, and show that disruptions preserve the layered structure of a rocky body, with the outermost layers flung into interstellar space with the highest velocities. We compare these properties to that of the candidate interstellar meteoroid CNEOS-2014-01-08 (IM1). IM1's approximately 60~km~s$^{-1}$ excess speed relative to the local standard of rest is naturally reproduced by the unbound debris of the disruption of an Earth-like planet around an M-dwarf star. We suggest that such an encounter might explain the interstellar kinematics of IM1, and its unusual composition, especially if it originated in the fastest-expelled crust of a differentiated rocky planet. Finally, we estimate that the disruption of $\sim 10M_\oplus$ reservoirs of rocky planets per M-dwarf are needed to reproduce the inferred rate of IM1-like objects., Comment: Author's revised version, accepted for publication in A & A
Published: 2023

47. Constraining the AGN luminosity function from JWST with the X-ray Background

Author: Padmanabhan, Hamsa, Loeb, Abraham, Padmanabhan, Hamsa, and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: We predict the X-ray background (XRB) expected from the population of quasars detected by the JWST spectroscopic surveys over the redshift range $z \sim 4-7$. We find that the measured UV emissivities, in combination with a best-fitting quasar SED template, imply a $\sim 10$ times higher unresolved X-ray background than constrained by current experiments. We illustrate the difficulty of simultaneously matching the faint-end of the quasar luminosity function and the X-ray background constraints. We discuss possible origins and consequences of this discrepancy., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; minor typos corrected, references updated. Matches version published in ApJL
Published: 2023
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48. Improvement of digest2 NEO Classification Code -- utilizing the Astrometry Data Exchange Standard

Author: Vereš, Peter, Cloete, Richard, Weryk, Robert, Loeb, Abraham, Payne, Matthew J., Vereš, Peter, Cloete, Richard, Weryk, Robert, Loeb, Abraham, and Payne, Matthew J.
Abstract: We describe enhancements to the digest2 software, a short-arc orbit classifier for heliocentric orbits. Digest2 is primarily used by the Near-Earth Object (NEO) community to flag newly discovered objects for a immediate follow-up and has been a part of NEO discovery process for more than 15 years. We have updated the solar system population model used to weight the digest2 score according to the 2023 catalog of known solar system orbits and extended the list of mean uncertainties for 140 observatory codes. Moreover, we have added Astrometry Data Exchange Standard (ADES) input format support to digest2, which provides additional information for the astrometry, such as positional uncertainties for each detection. The digest2 code was also extended to read the roving observer astrometric format as well as the ability to compute a new parameter from the provided astrometric uncertainties ($RMS'$) that can serve as an indicator of in-tracklet curvature when compared with tracklet's great-circle fit RMS. Comparison with the previous version of digest2 confirmed the improvement in accuracy of NEO identification and found that using ADES XML input significantly reduces the computation time of the digest2., Comment: 14 pages, 8 tables, 6 figures, appendix
Published: 2023

49. Extreme Tidal Stripping May Explain the Overmassive Black Hole in Leo I: a Proof of Concept

Author: Pacucci, Fabio, Ni, Yueying, Loeb, Abraham, Pacucci, Fabio, Ni, Yueying, and Loeb, Abraham
Abstract: A recent study found dynamical evidence of a supermassive black hole of $\sim 3 \times 10^{6} \, \rm M_\odot$ at the center of Leo I, the most distant dwarf spheroidal galaxy of the Milky Way. This black hole, comparable in mass to the Milky Way's Sgr A*, places the system $>2$ orders of magnitude above the standard $M_\bullet-M_{\star}$ relation. We investigate the possibility, from a dynamical standpoint, that Leo I's stellar system was originally much more massive and, thus, closer to the relation. Extreme tidal disruption from one or two close passages within the Milky Way's virial radius could have removed most of its stellar mass. A simple analytical model suggests that the progenitor of Leo I could have experienced a mass loss in the range of $32\% - 57\%$ from a single pericenter passage, depending on the stellar velocity dispersion estimate. This mass loss percentage increases to the range $66\% - 78\%$ if the pericenter occurs at the minimum distance allowed by current orbital reconstructions. Detailed N-body simulations show that the mass loss could reach $\sim 90\%$ with up to two passages, again with pericenter distances compatible with the minimum value allowed by Gaia data. Despite very significant uncertainties in the properties of Leo I, we reproduce its current position and velocity dispersion, as well as the final stellar mass enclosed in $1$ kpc ($\sim 5\times 10^6 \, \rm M_\odot$) within a factor $< 2$. The most recent tidal stream is directed along our line of sight toward Leo I, making it difficult to detect. Evidence from this extreme tidal disruption event could be present in current Gaia data in the form of extended tidal streams., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 9 pages, 4 figures. A video of the N-body simulation can be viewed here: https://www.fabiopacucci.com/resources/simulations
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Discovery of Spherules of Likely Extrasolar Composition in the Pacific Ocean Site of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) Bolide

Author: Loeb, Abraham, Adamson, Toby, Bergstrom, Sophie, Cloete, Richard, Cohen, Shai, Conrad, Kevin, Domine, Laura, Fu, Hairuo, Hoskinson, Charles, Hyung, Eugenia, Jacobsen, Stein, Kelly, Mike, Kohn, Jason, Lard, Edwin, Lam, Sebastian, Laukien, Frank, Lem, Jim, McCallum, Rob, Millsap, Rob, Parendo, Christopher, Pataev, Michail, Peddeti, Chaitanya, Pugh, Jeff, Samuha, Shmuel, Sasselov, Dimitar, Schlereth, Max, Siler, J. J., Siraj, Amir, Smith, Peter Mark, Tagle, Roald, Taylor, Jonathan, Weed, Ryan, Wright, Art, Wynn, Jeff, Loeb, Abraham, Adamson, Toby, Bergstrom, Sophie, Cloete, Richard, Cohen, Shai, Conrad, Kevin, Domine, Laura, Fu, Hairuo, Hoskinson, Charles, Hyung, Eugenia, Jacobsen, Stein, Kelly, Mike, Kohn, Jason, Lard, Edwin, Lam, Sebastian, Laukien, Frank, Lem, Jim, McCallum, Rob, Millsap, Rob, Parendo, Christopher, Pataev, Michail, Peddeti, Chaitanya, Pugh, Jeff, Samuha, Shmuel, Sasselov, Dimitar, Schlereth, Max, Siler, J. J., Siraj, Amir, Smith, Peter Mark, Tagle, Roald, Taylor, Jonathan, Weed, Ryan, Wright, Art, and Wynn, Jeff
Abstract: We have conducted an extensive towed-magnetic-sled survey during the period 14-28 June, 2023, over the seafloor centered around the calculated path of the bolide CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) about 85 km north of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. We found about 700 spherules of diameter 0.05-1.3 millimeters in our samples, of which 57 were analyzed so far. The spherules were significantly concentrated along the expected meteor path. Mass spectrometry of 47 spherules near the high-yield regions along IM1's path reveals a distinct extra-solar abundance pattern for 5 of them, while background spherules have abundances consistent with a solar system origin. The unique spherules show an excess of Be, La and U, by up to three orders of magnitude relative to the solar system standard of CI chondrites. These "BeLaU"-type spherules, never seen before, also have very low refractory siderophile elements such as Re. Volatile elements, such as Mn, Zn, Pb, are depleted as expected from evaporation losses during a meteor's airburst. In addition, the mass-dependent variations in $^{57}$Fe/$^{54}$Fe and $^{56}$Fe/$^{54}$Fe are also consistent with evaporative loss of the light isotopes during the spherules' travel in the atmosphere. The "BeLaU" abundance pattern is not found in control regions outside of IM1's path and does not match commonly manufactured alloys or natural meteorites in the solar system. This evidence points towards an association of "BeLaU"-type spherules with IM1, supporting its interstellar origin independently of the high velocity and unusual material strength implied from the CNEOS data. We suggest that the "BeLaU" abundance pattern could have originated from a highly differentiated magma ocean of a planet with an iron core outside the solar system or from more exotic sources., Comment: Submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal
Published: 2023

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