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This study investigated national genebanking priorities based on information reported in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS) and feedback provided by gene bank managers. Only 3.2% of national breed populations are reported to have enough material collected to allow breed reconstitution in case of extinction. Depending on species, region and demographic risk status, there are substantial differences in quantities of germplasm collected when comparing breeds with a high risk status vs demographically important breeds. Most genebanks have small budgets and use pragmatic approaches for collecting germplasm by partnering with breeding organisations and/or artificial insemination companies. They also work with a variety of breed associations to implement collection strategies to ensure that the breadth of genetic diversity is captured. Future collection growth within countries will be driven by national programs that incorporate stakeholder participation, collection use, the scope of diversity captured; and will depend upon levels of public and private funding.

The sustainable use of farm animal genetic resources is connected with the recognition of their contribution to the society and the environment and the assessment of the threats they are facing. The category of the heritage breeds, which are genetically distinct, geographically concentrated, adapted to their environment, commercially farmed to contribute to the local economy were considered in the frame of the HERITAGESHEEP project. The aim of this project was to deliver the potential of the heritage sheep breeds for a sustainable future for medium to low input production systems, which support local rural communities throughout Europe. This was achieved by addressing the conservation of these breeds, defining the current and future threats and developing new uses and markets for products.