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Purpose: This study assesses how perceived corporate social responsibility by employees’ functions as a mediator between organizational commitment and moral leadership. Design/Methodology/Approach: According to the social exchange theory, there is reciprocation between an employee and their employer, and how an employer conducts business shapes the perspective of its employees. Employees follow the same activities and behaviors that the corporation does. 348 front-line hotel employees in Pakistan provided the information. To test the data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings: The findings show that a leader's moral and ethical behavior influences how employees view a firm's CSR and how committed they are to the organization. Results exhibit that when workers witness their supervisors performing ethically, it affects their attitudes and makes them more dedicated to their businesses. Implications/Originality/Value: The study is distinctive in that by utilizing employee views of CSR as a mediator, the relationship between leadership and commitment was explored. The study has essential management and organizational ramifications, particularly for increasing employee engagement.

Purpose: This study assesses how perceived corporate social responsibility by employees’ functions as a mediator between organizational commitment and moral leadership. Design/Methodology/Approach: According to the social exchange theory, there is reciprocation between an employee and their employer, and how an employer conducts business shapes the perspective of its employees. Employees follow the same activities and behaviors that the corporation does. 348 front-line hotel employees in Pakistan provided the information. To test the data, structural equation modeling was used. Findings: The findings show that a leader's moral and ethical behavior influences how employees view a firm's CSR and how committed they are to the organization. Results exhibit that when workers witness their supervisors performing ethically, it affects their attitudes and makes them more dedicated to their businesses. Implications/Originality/Value: The study is distinctive in that by utilizing employee views of CSR as a mediator, the relationship between leadership and commitment was explored. The study has essential management and organizational ramifications, particularly for increasing employee engagement.

Over the course of time, the bilateral ties between Pakistan and China, characterized by their enduring friendship, have seen significant advancements in the realms of economics, politics, and strategic cooperation. Both parties place significant emphasis on their economic relationship, which has been consistently overlooked throughout the course of history. In 2013, a significant achievement was reached with the conclusion of the CPEC deal, which served as a catalyst for enhancing economic ties. The proposed project has the ability to not only establish a connection between Pakistan and China but also to foster integration among other Asian nations. It will make a significant contribution to the region's overall enhancement of its strategic and economic environment. Due to the fact that the project will have a variety of consequences on the political interests of many players, there may be certain difficulties. The primary aim of this research is to elucidate the economic and strategic significance of the CPEC and to ascertain its effects on the growth of Pakistan. In order to attain the aforementioned aim, a technique that incorporates empirical, analytical, and predictive approaches is used. The findings of this study suggest that the implementation of the project has the potential to significantly alter the current landscape.

The basic purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of foreign remittances in the performance of the economy of Pakistan. The selected variables in this study were gross domestic product (GDP), remittances (REM), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), population (Pop), gross national expenditure (GNE), and imports (Imp). GDP is taken as the dependent variable and we investigate the impact of all remaining independent variables on GDP. This study used the panel data throughout 2002-2019. The data is collected from World Development Indicator (WDI). This study implies a unit root test to observe stationary of data and a model of Panel Auto Regressive Distributive Lag for Specification of data. To analyze short-run and long-run associations among variables, coefficients of variables are measured. Remittances, GFCF, and GNE have a positive impact on gross domestic product whereas Pop and Imp are negatively correlated with the GDP. However, remittances have strongly affected economic growth and play an important role to boost up economic growth of selected developing countries.

The basic purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of foreign remittances in the performance of the economy of Pakistan. The selected variables in this study were gross domestic product (GDP), remittances (REM), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), population (Pop), gross national expenditure (GNE), and imports (Imp). GDP is taken as the dependent variable and we investigate the impact of all remaining independent variables on GDP. This study used the panel data throughout 2002-2019. The data is collected from World Development Indicator (WDI). This study implies a unit root test to observe stationary of data and a model of Panel Auto Regressive Distributive Lag for Specification of data. To analyze short-run and long-run associations among variables, coefficients of variables are measured. Remittances, GFCF, and GNE have a positive impact on gross domestic product whereas Pop and Imp are negatively correlated with the GDP. However, remittances have strongly affected economic growth and play an important role to boost up economic growth of selected developing countries.

Purpose: The research aims to build a suitable model for the conditional mean and conditional variance for forecasting the rate of inflation in Pakistan by summarizing the properties of the series and characterizing its salient features. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose, Pakistan’s Inflation Rate is based upon the Consumer Price Index (CPI), ranging from January 1962 to December 2019 has been analyzed. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test that was used for testing the stationarity of the series. The ARIMA modeling technique is a conditional mean and GARCH model for conditional variance. Models are selected on AIC and BIC model selection criteria. The estimating and forecasting ability of three ARIMA models with the GARCH (2,2) model has been compared to capture the possible nonlinearity present in the data. To depict the possible asymmetric effect in the conditional variance, two asymmetric GARCH models, EGARCH and TGARCH models have been applied. Findings: Based on statistical loss functions, GARCH (2,2) model is the best variance model for this series. The empirical results reveal that the performance of model-2 is best for all the three variance models. However, the GARCH model is the best as the variance model for this series. This shows that the asymmetric effect invariance is not so important for the rate of inflation in Pakistan.  Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on the least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through the ARIMA model with GARCH innovation.

Purpose: The research aims to build a suitable model for the conditional mean and conditional variance for forecasting the rate of inflation in Pakistan by summarizing the properties of the series and characterizing its salient features. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose, Pakistan’s Inflation Rate is based upon the Consumer Price Index (CPI), ranging from January 1962 to December 2019 has been analyzed. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test that was used for testing the stationarity of the series. The ARIMA modeling technique is a conditional mean and GARCH model for conditional variance. Models are selected on AIC and BIC model selection criteria. The estimating and forecasting ability of three ARIMA models with the GARCH (2,2) model has been compared to capture the possible nonlinearity present in the data. To depict the possible asymmetric effect in the conditional variance, two asymmetric GARCH models, EGARCH and TGARCH models have been applied. Findings: Based on statistical loss functions, GARCH (2,2) model is the best variance model for this series. The empirical results reveal that the performance of model-2 is best for all the three variance models. However, the GARCH model is the best as the variance model for this series. This shows that the asymmetric effect invariance is not so important for the rate of inflation in Pakistan.  Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on the least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through the ARIMA model with GARCH innovation.

Purpose: The research aims to build a suitable model for the conditional mean and conditional variance for forecasting the rate of inflation in Pakistan by summarizing the properties of the series and characterizing its salient features. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose, Pakistan’s Inflation Rate is based upon the Consumer Price Index (CPI), ranging from January 1962 to December 2019 has been analyzed. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test that was used for testing the stationarity of the series. The ARIMA modeling technique is a conditional mean and GARCH model for conditional variance. Models are selected on AIC and BIC model selection criteria. The estimating and forecasting ability of three ARIMA models with the GARCH (2,2) model has been compared to capture the possible nonlinearity present in the data. To depict the possible asymmetric effect in the conditional variance, two asymmetric GARCH models, EGARCH and TGARCH models have been applied. Findings: Based on statistical loss functions, GARCH (2,2) model is the best variance model for this series. The empirical results reveal that the performance of model-2 is best for all the three variance models. However, the GARCH model is the best as the variance model for this series. This shows that the asymmetric effect invariance is not so important for the rate of inflation in Pakistan.  Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on the least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through the ARIMA model with GARCH innovation.

Purpose: The research aims to build a suitable model for the conditional mean and conditional variance for forecasting the rate of inflation in Pakistan by summarizing the properties of the series and characterizing its salient features. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose, Pakistan’s Inflation Rate is based upon the Consumer Price Index (CPI), ranging from January 1962 to December 2019 has been analyzed. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test that was used for testing the stationarity of the series. The ARIMA modeling technique is a conditional mean and GARCH model for conditional variance. Models are selected on AIC and BIC model selection criteria. The estimating and forecasting ability of three ARIMA models with the GARCH (2,2) model has been compared to capture the possible nonlinearity present in the data. To depict the possible asymmetric effect in the conditional variance, two asymmetric GARCH models, EGARCH and TGARCH models have been applied. Findings: Based on statistical loss functions, GARCH (2,2) model is the best variance model for this series. The empirical results reveal that the performance of model-2 is best for all the three variance models. However, the GARCH model is the best as the variance model for this series. This shows that the asymmetric effect invariance is not so important for the rate of inflation in Pakistan.  Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on the least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through the ARIMA model with GARCH innovation.

Purpose: The research aims to build a suitable model for the conditional mean and conditional variance for forecasting the rate of inflation in Pakistan by summarizing the properties of the series and characterizing its salient features. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose, Pakistan’s Inflation Rate is based upon the Consumer Price Index (CPI), ranging from January 1962 to December 2019 has been analyzed. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test that was used for testing the stationarity of the series. The ARIMA modeling technique is a conditional mean and GARCH model for conditional variance. Models are selected on AIC and BIC model selection criteria. The estimating and forecasting ability of three ARIMA models with the GARCH (2,2) model has been compared to capture the possible nonlinearity present in the data. To depict the possible asymmetric effect in the conditional variance, two asymmetric GARCH models, EGARCH and TGARCH models have been applied. Findings: Based on statistical loss functions, GARCH (2,2) model is the best variance model for this series. The empirical results reveal that the performance of model-2 is best for all the three variance models. However, the GARCH model is the best as the variance model for this series. This shows that the asymmetric effect invariance is not so important for the rate of inflation in Pakistan.  Implications/Originality/Value: The current study was based on the least considered variables and the pioneer in testing the complex relationship through the ARIMA model with GARCH innovation.

This study evaluates the mediational role of employee perceived corporate social responsibility between ethical leadership and organizational commitment. Data was collected from 348 front-line employees of hotels in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the data. Results reveal that employee’s perception about organizations CSR is shaped by its leader’s ethical and moral conduct and helps to enhance their commitment towards organization. The study is unique in its nature by taking Employee perceived CSR as mediator to explore the underlying mechanism between leadership and commitment. Study holds valuable implications for managers and organizations especially for enhancing employee commitment.

Purpose: Employee-organization relationship has been one of the main interesting and debatable constructs in discussion of organizational behavior. This study attempts to propose possible antecedents through which not only this relationship could be enhanced but also provide insights for factors to bring voluntary activities among employees to carry out extra duties for organizational wellbeing. Based on the notion of Social Exchange theory (SET), the paper attempts to highlight the organizational and individuals factors that could act as key mechanisms for leading towards organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, based on the existing literature, the association among variables has been established along with which a conceptual model is proposed and conclusions stating the possible future directions for testing of the model are presented.

Purpose: Employee-organization relationship has been one of the main interesting and debatable constructs in discussion of organizational behavior. This study attempts to propose possible antecedents through which not only this relationship could be enhanced but also provide insights for factors to bring voluntary activities among employees to carry out extra duties for organizational wellbeing. Based on the notion of Social Exchange theory (SET), the paper attempts to highlight the organizational and individuals factors that could act as key mechanisms for leading towards organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, based on the existing literature, the association among variables has been established along with which a conceptual model is proposed and conclusions stating the possible future directions for testing of the model are presented.

Purpose: Employee-organization relationship has been one of the main interesting and debatable constructs in discussion of organizational behavior. This study attempts to propose possible antecedents through which not only this relationship could be enhanced but also provide insights for factors to bring voluntary activities among employees to carry out extra duties for organizational wellbeing. Based on the notion of Social Exchange theory (SET), the paper attempts to highlight the organizational and individuals factors that could act as key mechanisms for leading towards organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, based on the existing literature, the association among variables has been established along with which a conceptual model is proposed and conclusions stating the possible future directions for testing of the model are presented.

Purpose: Employee-organization relationship has been one of the main interesting and debatable constructs in discussion of organizational behavior. This study attempts to propose possible antecedents through which not only this relationship could be enhanced but also provide insights for factors to bring voluntary activities among employees to carry out extra duties for organizational wellbeing. Based on the notion of Social Exchange theory (SET), the paper attempts to highlight the organizational and individuals factors that could act as key mechanisms for leading towards organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, based on the existing literature, the association among variables has been established along with which a conceptual model is proposed and conclusions stating the possible future directions for testing of the model are presented.