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The rapid development of collaborative robotics has provided a new possibility of helping the elderly who has difficulties in daily life, allowing robots to operate according to specific intentions. However, efficient human-robot cooperation requires natural, accurate and reliable intention recognition in shared environments. The current paramount challenge for this is reducing the uncertainty of multimodal fused intention to be recognized and reasoning adaptively a more reliable result despite current interactive condition. In this work we propose a novel learning-based multimodal fusion framework Batch Multimodal Confidence Learning for Opinion Pool (BMCLOP). Our approach combines Bayesian multimodal fusion method and batch confidence learning algorithm to improve accuracy, uncertainty reduction and success rate given the interactive condition. In particular, the generic and practical multimodal intention recognition framework can be easily extended further. Our desired assistive scenarios consider three modalities gestures, speech and gaze, all of which produce categorical distributions over all the finite intentions. The proposed method is validated with a six-DoF robot through extensive experiments and exhibits high performance compared to baselines.

Biogenesis of organelles requires targeting of a subset of proteins to specific subcellular domains by signal peptides or mechanisms controlling mRNA localization and local translation. How local distribution and translation of specific mRNAs for organelle biogenesis is achieved remains elusive and likely to be dependent on the cellular context. Here we identify Trinucleotide repeat containing-6a (Tnrc6a), a component of the miRNA pathway, distinctively localized to apical granules of differentiating airway multiciliated cells (MCCs) adjacent to centrioles. In spite of being enriched in TNRC6A and the miRNA-binding protein AGO2, they lack enzymes for mRNA degradation. Instead, we found these apical granules enriched in components of the mRNA translation machinery and newly synthesized proteins suggesting that they are specific hubs for target mRNA localization and local translation in MCCs. Consistent with this, Tnrc6a loss of function prevented formation of these granules and led to a broad reduction, rather than stabilization of miRNA targets. These included downregulation of key genes involved in ciliogenesis and was associated with defective multicilia formation both in vivo and in primary airway epithelial cultures. Similar analysis of Tnrc6a disruption in yolk sac showed stabilization of miRNA targets, highlighting the potential diversity of these mechanisms across organs.

GuiSen Wu,1 RanPiao Gan,1 ZhiXing Li,1 LiHua Xu,1 XiaoChen Tang,1 YanYan Wei,1 YeGang Hu,1 HuiRu Cui,1 HuiJun Li,2 YingYing Tang,1 Li Hui,3 XiaoHua Liu,1 ChunBo Li,1 JiJun Wang,1,4,5 TianHong Zhang1 1Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China; 2Florida a & M University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; 3Institute of Mental Health, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215137, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 4Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: TianHong Zhang; JiJun WangShanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No.13dz2260500), Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-34773065Fax +86-21-64387986Email jijunwang27@163.comBackground: The clinical high-risk (CHR) state is identified as a critical period for early prevention and intervention during the development of psychosis and early treatment may reduce the risk of conversion to psychosis. However, it remains controversial whether antipsychotics are effective in CHR populations. Limited previous randomised controlled trials of antipsychotic treatment of CHR individuals indicated possible short-term efficacy on psychotic symptoms with unclear long-term effects. To answer this question, it is necessary to establish a high-quality real-world cohort study with large sample size to

Abnormal development of multiciliated cells is a hallmark of a variety of human conditions associated with chronic airway diseases, hydrocephalus and infertility. Multiciliogenesis requires both activation of a specialized transcriptional program and assembly of cytoplasmic structures for large-scale centriole amplification that generates basal bodies. It remains unclear, however, what mechanism initiates formation of these multiprotein complexes in epithelial progenitors. Here we show that this is triggered by nucleocytoplasmic translocation of the transcription factor E2f4. After inducing a transcriptional program of centriole biogenesis, E2f4 forms apical cytoplasmic organizing centres for assembly and nucleation of deuterosomes. Using genetically altered mice and E2F4 mutant proteins we demonstrate that centriole amplification is crucially dependent on these organizing centres and that, without cytoplasmic E2f4, deuterosomes are not assembled, halting multiciliogenesis. Thus, E2f4 integrates nuclear and previously unsuspected cytoplasmic events of centriole amplification, providing new perspectives for the understanding of normal ciliogenesis, ciliopathies and cancer., National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant PO1-CA42063), National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant PO1-CA42063), National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P30-CA14051), National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P30-CA14051)

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of 11B against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with 11B serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped Mg11B2 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic 11B powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (103 A·cm−2 at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron.

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of 11B against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with 11B serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped Mg11B2 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic 11B powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (103 A·cm−2 at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron.

Further studies on the corner singularity of GS reconstruction are are compiled in this paper. It's focused on solution of the Data Completion (DC) problem with the Extended Hilbert Transform (EHT) over plane rectangular region. Optimal selections of the regular parameters in{\it Tikhonov} solution of corresponding DC problem are developed in this study. The 6-parameter regular solutions and the {\it Jacobian} matrix and one {\it Hessian} tensor to the regular parameters are derived in this work. A concise formula for EHT in the near field of corners, which shows property for EHT near the corner, are also provided. It serves as the additional constraints for our parameter optimization problem (OP). Third, a nonlinear convex function defined by the regular solution and the corner constraints is introduced and is taken as the object function for the OP of the 6 regular parameters on half-space $(\mathbf{p}>0)$. Given an initial guess of $\mathbf{p}_0$, the optimal parameters are solved from the OP through a well known constrained nonlinear optimization method. Last, the benchmark tests to the proposed solution approach are carried out, and detailed results from totally 9 different bench-cases are tabulated. In contrast to solutions with given regular parameters, our bench results demonstrate that an objective way for selection of the optimal $\mathbf{p}$ is successfully laid out here. Robustness and efficiency of the suggested new approach are also highlighted in this study., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of 11B against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with 11B serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped Mg11B2 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic 11B powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (103 A·cm−2 at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron.

Further studies on the corner singularity of GS reconstruction are are compiled in this paper. It's focused on solution of the Data Completion (DC) problem with the Extended Hilbert Transform (EHT) over plane rectangular region. Optimal selections of the regular parameters in{\it Tikhonov} solution of corresponding DC problem are developed in this study. The 6-parameter regular solutions and the {\it Jacobian} matrix and one {\it Hessian} tensor to the regular parameters are derived in this work. A concise formula for EHT in the near field of corners, which shows property for EHT near the corner, are also provided. It serves as the additional constraints for our parameter optimization problem (OP). Third, a nonlinear convex function defined by the regular solution and the corner constraints is introduced and is taken as the object function for the OP of the 6 regular parameters on half-space $(\mathbf{p}>0)$. Given an initial guess of $\mathbf{p}_0$, the optimal parameters are solved from the OP through a well known constrained nonlinear optimization method. Last, the benchmark tests to the proposed solution approach are carried out, and detailed results from totally 9 different bench-cases are tabulated. In contrast to solutions with given regular parameters, our bench results demonstrate that an objective way for selection of the optimal $\mathbf{p}$ is successfully laid out here. Robustness and efficiency of the suggested new approach are also highlighted in this study., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, and 2 tables

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of B-11 against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with B-11 serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped (MgB2)-B-11 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic B-11 powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (10(3) Acm(-2) at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron., China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China; International Scientific Partnership Program; Australian Research Council; Australiam- India Early Career Researcher Fellowship; Australian Academy of Science; Australian Government Department of Industry; Innovation and Science; Department of Atomic Energy Scientific Research Council; Government of India Grant

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of 11B against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with 11B serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped Mg11B2 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic 11B powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (103 A·cm−2 at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron.

Superconducting wires are widely used for fabricating magnetic coils in fusion reactors. Superconducting magnet system represents a key determinant of the thermal efficiency and the construction/operating costs of such a reactor. In consideration of the stability of 11B against fast neutron irradiation and its lower induced radioactivation properties, MgB2 superconductor with 11B serving as the boron source is an alternative candidate for use in fusion reactors with a severe high neutron flux environment. In the present work, the glycine-doped Mg11B2 bulk superconductor was synthesized from isotopic 11B powder to enhance the high field properties. The critical current density was enhanced (103 A·cm−2 at 20 K and 5 T) over the entire field in contrast with the sample prepared from natural boron.

Sn addition improves bulk superconducting properties of FeSe0.5Te0.5 with the increase of onset transition temperature and sharpens the transition width. The critical current density (Jc) of Sn-added sample is about 7x103 A cm-2 in self field and maintains a stable value of 3x102 A cm-2 even beyond 60,000 Oe at 4.3 K, much higher than that of the Sn-free one. Phase compositions and morphology characterizations indicate that minor Sn addition facilitates the formation of the superconducting phase whose composition is closer to the ideal one, and suppresses the formation of Fe7Se8 impurity and amorphous phase, which contribute to the improvement of Jc.

Herein, binder-free Co3O4@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (Co3O4@LDH) core-shell hybrid architectural nanowire arrays were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route. LDH nanosheets possessing a large electroactive surface area uniformly dispersed on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires were successfully fabricated allowing for fast electron transport that enhances the electrochemical performance of LDH nanosheets. Co3O4@LDH nanowire arrays of 2 to 1.5 molar ratio (Co3O4:LDH) exhibit high specific capacitance (1104 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1), adequate rate capability and cycling stability (87.3% after 5000 cycles), attributed to the synergistic effect between the robust Co3O4 nanowire arrays and LDH nanosheets.

In this letter, the investigation focused on the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high temperature processed (HTP) high Nb (0.11 wt%) X80 steel. The microstructural examination showed that the microstructure of CGHAZ consisted of granular bainite, baintic ferrite and secondary phases such as martensitic-austenitic (M-A) constituent. The comparatively fine austenite grain size was due to both Ti-Nb precipitates and solute Nb. The Charpy V-notch (CVN) testing revealed that the HTP steel exhibited excellent toughness in CGHAZ, which was indicated by the low ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). The improved toughness was ascribed to the combined contribution from the relatively fine prior austenite grain size, fine sub-microstructures and dispersed fine M-A constituent.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising alternative to traditional subtractive methods for fabricating large aerospace metal components that feature high buy-to-fly ratios. This study focuses on the development of an automated manufacturing system in order to free the operator from intervening in the analysis of the CAD model, planning the deposition path, and then manually setting the welding process parameters. Firstly, the relationship between single bead geometry and welding process parameters is established through an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Then, the adaptive medial axis transformation (MAT) algorithm for void-free deposition with high geometrical accuracy is introduced. The adaptive MAT path is implemented by using the single bead ANN model together with a previously developed multi-bead overlapping model. Finally, the adaptive MAT path planning strategy and the established bead models are tested through experimental deposition of two metal components. The results show that the developed bead model and adaptive MAT-based path are capable of producing depositions with high quality (void-free) and geometrical accuracy through automated selection of process variables for the WAAM process.

In this study, the Al-Li 2198-T8 (T8: under artificially peak-aged condition) alloy was fabricated by high pressure torsion (HPT) and then subjected to heat treatment at 175. °C for different durations. The microstructural evolution, mechanical property and thermal stability of the HPT-processed alloy were studied. The results demonstrate that the precipitates appeared in the as-received alloy were dissolved into the matrix after HPT processing; and the grains were significantly refined, accompanied by the modification of dislocations. The dislocation density gradually increased along the radial direction from the centre to the edge of the obtained disk. The improvement of tensile strength of HPT-processed 2198-T8 alloy was dominantly associated with grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. The subsequent heat treatment of the HPT-processed alloy led to slight grain growth and reduction of dislocation density. Also, no strengthening phases precipitated out during the post heat treatment. These factors accounted for the decrease of tensile property for HPT 2198-T8 alloy aged at 175. °C for up to 12. h, suggesting a low thermal stability.

Herein, binder-free Co3O4@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (Co3O4@LDH) core-shell hybrid architectural nanowire arrays were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route. LDH nanosheets possessing a large electroactive surface area uniformly dispersed on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires were successfully fabricated allowing for fast electron transport that enhances the electrochemical performance of LDH nanosheets. Co3O4@LDH nanowire arrays of 2 to 1.5 molar ratio (Co3O4:LDH) exhibit high specific capacitance (1104 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1), adequate rate capability and cycling stability (87.3% after 5000 cycles), attributed to the synergistic effect between the robust Co3O4 nanowire arrays and LDH nanosheets.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising alternative to traditional subtractive methods for fabricating large aerospace metal components that feature high buy-to-fly ratios. This study focuses on the development of an automated manufacturing system in order to free the operator from intervening in the analysis of the CAD model, planning the deposition path, and then manually setting the welding process parameters. Firstly, the relationship between single bead geometry and welding process parameters is established through an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Then, the adaptive medial axis transformation (MAT) algorithm for void-free deposition with high geometrical accuracy is introduced. The adaptive MAT path is implemented by using the single bead ANN model together with a previously developed multi-bead overlapping model. Finally, the adaptive MAT path planning strategy and the established bead models are tested through experimental deposition of two metal components. The results show that the developed bead model and adaptive MAT-based path are capable of producing depositions with high quality (void-free) and geometrical accuracy through automated selection of process variables for the WAAM process.

In this study, the Al-Li 2198-T8 (T8: under artificially peak-aged condition) alloy was fabricated by high pressure torsion (HPT) and then subjected to heat treatment at 175. °C for different durations. The microstructural evolution, mechanical property and thermal stability of the HPT-processed alloy were studied. The results demonstrate that the precipitates appeared in the as-received alloy were dissolved into the matrix after HPT processing; and the grains were significantly refined, accompanied by the modification of dislocations. The dislocation density gradually increased along the radial direction from the centre to the edge of the obtained disk. The improvement of tensile strength of HPT-processed 2198-T8 alloy was dominantly associated with grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. The subsequent heat treatment of the HPT-processed alloy led to slight grain growth and reduction of dislocation density. Also, no strengthening phases precipitated out during the post heat treatment. These factors accounted for the decrease of tensile property for HPT 2198-T8 alloy aged at 175. °C for up to 12. h, suggesting a low thermal stability.

In this letter, the investigation focused on the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high temperature processed (HTP) high Nb (0.11 wt%) X80 steel. The microstructural examination showed that the microstructure of CGHAZ consisted of granular bainite, baintic ferrite and secondary phases such as martensitic-austenitic (M-A) constituent. The comparatively fine austenite grain size was due to both Ti-Nb precipitates and solute Nb. The Charpy V-notch (CVN) testing revealed that the HTP steel exhibited excellent toughness in CGHAZ, which was indicated by the low ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). The improved toughness was ascribed to the combined contribution from the relatively fine prior austenite grain size, fine sub-microstructures and dispersed fine M-A constituent.

Herein, binder-free Co3O4@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (Co3O4@LDH) core-shell hybrid architectural nanowire arrays were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route. LDH nanosheets possessing a large electroactive surface area uniformly dispersed on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires were successfully fabricated allowing for fast electron transport that enhances the electrochemical performance of LDH nanosheets. Co3O4@LDH nanowire arrays of 2 to 1.5 molar ratio (Co3O4:LDH) exhibit high specific capacitance (1104 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1), adequate rate capability and cycling stability (87.3% after 5000 cycles), attributed to the synergistic effect between the robust Co3O4 nanowire arrays and LDH nanosheets.

Sn addition improves bulk superconducting properties of FeSe0.5Te0.5 with the increase of onset transition temperature and sharpens the transition width. The critical current density (Jc) of Sn-added sample is about 7x103 A cm-2 in self field and maintains a stable value of 3x102 A cm-2 even beyond 60,000 Oe at 4.3 K, much higher than that of the Sn-free one. Phase compositions and morphology characterizations indicate that minor Sn addition facilitates the formation of the superconducting phase whose composition is closer to the ideal one, and suppresses the formation of Fe7Se8 impurity and amorphous phase, which contribute to the improvement of Jc.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising alternative to traditional subtractive methods for fabricating large aerospace metal components that feature high buy-to-fly ratios. This study focuses on the development of an automated manufacturing system in order to free the operator from intervening in the analysis of the CAD model, planning the deposition path, and then manually setting the welding process parameters. Firstly, the relationship between single bead geometry and welding process parameters is established through an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Then, the adaptive medial axis transformation (MAT) algorithm for void-free deposition with high geometrical accuracy is introduced. The adaptive MAT path is implemented by using the single bead ANN model together with a previously developed multi-bead overlapping model. Finally, the adaptive MAT path planning strategy and the established bead models are tested through experimental deposition of two metal components. The results show that the developed bead model and adaptive MAT-based path are capable of producing depositions with high quality (void-free) and geometrical accuracy through automated selection of process variables for the WAAM process.

In this study, the Al-Li 2198-T8 (T8: under artificially peak-aged condition) alloy was fabricated by high pressure torsion (HPT) and then subjected to heat treatment at 175. °C for different durations. The microstructural evolution, mechanical property and thermal stability of the HPT-processed alloy were studied. The results demonstrate that the precipitates appeared in the as-received alloy were dissolved into the matrix after HPT processing; and the grains were significantly refined, accompanied by the modification of dislocations. The dislocation density gradually increased along the radial direction from the centre to the edge of the obtained disk. The improvement of tensile strength of HPT-processed 2198-T8 alloy was dominantly associated with grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. The subsequent heat treatment of the HPT-processed alloy led to slight grain growth and reduction of dislocation density. Also, no strengthening phases precipitated out during the post heat treatment. These factors accounted for the decrease of tensile property for HPT 2198-T8 alloy aged at 175. °C for up to 12. h, suggesting a low thermal stability.

In this letter, the investigation focused on the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high temperature processed (HTP) high Nb (0.11 wt%) X80 steel. The microstructural examination showed that the microstructure of CGHAZ consisted of granular bainite, baintic ferrite and secondary phases such as martensitic-austenitic (M-A) constituent. The comparatively fine austenite grain size was due to both Ti-Nb precipitates and solute Nb. The Charpy V-notch (CVN) testing revealed that the HTP steel exhibited excellent toughness in CGHAZ, which was indicated by the low ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). The improved toughness was ascribed to the combined contribution from the relatively fine prior austenite grain size, fine sub-microstructures and dispersed fine M-A constituent.

Herein, binder-free Co3O4@NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (Co3O4@LDH) core-shell hybrid architectural nanowire arrays were prepared via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route. LDH nanosheets possessing a large electroactive surface area uniformly dispersed on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires were successfully fabricated allowing for fast electron transport that enhances the electrochemical performance of LDH nanosheets. Co3O4@LDH nanowire arrays of 2 to 1.5 molar ratio (Co3O4:LDH) exhibit high specific capacitance (1104 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1), adequate rate capability and cycling stability (87.3% after 5000 cycles), attributed to the synergistic effect between the robust Co3O4 nanowire arrays and LDH nanosheets.

In this letter, the investigation focused on the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high temperature processed (HTP) high Nb (0.11 wt%) X80 steel. The microstructural examination showed that the microstructure of CGHAZ consisted of granular bainite, baintic ferrite and secondary phases such as martensitic-austenitic (M-A) constituent. The comparatively fine austenite grain size was due to both Ti-Nb precipitates and solute Nb. The Charpy V-notch (CVN) testing revealed that the HTP steel exhibited excellent toughness in CGHAZ, which was indicated by the low ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). The improved toughness was ascribed to the combined contribution from the relatively fine prior austenite grain size, fine sub-microstructures and dispersed fine M-A constituent.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising alternative to traditional subtractive methods for fabricating large aerospace metal components that feature high buy-to-fly ratios. This study focuses on the development of an automated manufacturing system in order to free the operator from intervening in the analysis of the CAD model, planning the deposition path, and then manually setting the welding process parameters. Firstly, the relationship between single bead geometry and welding process parameters is established through an artificial neural network (ANN) model. Then, the adaptive medial axis transformation (MAT) algorithm for void-free deposition with high geometrical accuracy is introduced. The adaptive MAT path is implemented by using the single bead ANN model together with a previously developed multi-bead overlapping model. Finally, the adaptive MAT path planning strategy and the established bead models are tested through experimental deposition of two metal components. The results show that the developed bead model and adaptive MAT-based path are capable of producing depositions with high quality (void-free) and geometrical accuracy through automated selection of process variables for the WAAM process.

In this study, the Al-Li 2198-T8 (T8: under artificially peak-aged condition) alloy was fabricated by high pressure torsion (HPT) and then subjected to heat treatment at 175. °C for different durations. The microstructural evolution, mechanical property and thermal stability of the HPT-processed alloy were studied. The results demonstrate that the precipitates appeared in the as-received alloy were dissolved into the matrix after HPT processing; and the grains were significantly refined, accompanied by the modification of dislocations. The dislocation density gradually increased along the radial direction from the centre to the edge of the obtained disk. The improvement of tensile strength of HPT-processed 2198-T8 alloy was dominantly associated with grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. The subsequent heat treatment of the HPT-processed alloy led to slight grain growth and reduction of dislocation density. Also, no strengthening phases precipitated out during the post heat treatment. These factors accounted for the decrease of tensile property for HPT 2198-T8 alloy aged at 175. °C for up to 12. h, suggesting a low thermal stability.

One of the key challenges in Additive Manufacturing is to develop a robust algorithm to slice CAD models into a set of layers which requires minimal support structures. This paper reports the concept and implementation of a new strategy for multi-direction slicing of CAD models represented in STL format. Differing from the existing multi-direction slicing approaches that are mainly focused on finding an optimal volume decomposition strategy, this study presents a decomposition-regrouping method. The CAD model is firstly decomposed into sub-volumes using a simple curvature-based volume decomposition method. Then a depth-tree structure based on topology information is introduced to merge them into ordered groups for slicing. In addition, a model simplification step is introduced before CAD model decomposition to significantly enhance the capability of the proposed multi-direction strategy. The proposed strategy is shown to be simple and efficient on various tests parts especially for geometries with large number of holes.

Sn addition improves bulk superconducting properties of FeSe0.5Te0.5 with the increase of onset transition temperature and sharpens the transition width. The critical current density (Jc) of Sn-added sample is about 7x103 A cm-2 in self field and maintains a stable value of 3x102 A cm-2 even beyond 60,000 Oe at 4.3 K, much higher than that of the Sn-free one. Phase compositions and morphology characterizations indicate that minor Sn addition facilitates the formation of the superconducting phase whose composition is closer to the ideal one, and suppresses the formation of Fe7Se8 impurity and amorphous phase, which contribute to the improvement of Jc.

Sn addition improves bulk superconducting properties of FeSe0.5Te0.5 with the increase of onset transition temperature and sharpens the transition width. The critical current density (Jc) of Sn-added sample is about 7x103 A cm-2 in self field and maintains a stable value of 3x102 A cm-2 even beyond 60,000 Oe at 4.3 K, much higher than that of the Sn-free one. Phase compositions and morphology characterizations indicate that minor Sn addition facilitates the formation of the superconducting phase whose composition is closer to the ideal one, and suppresses the formation of Fe7Se8 impurity and amorphous phase, which contribute to the improvement of Jc.

Few-layered porous boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) have been prepared using a dynamic magnesium diboride (MgB2) template and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) etchant. Magnesium-based intermediates serve as layer separators in the synthesis and prevent extensive aggregation, resulting in few-layered BNNS. The resultant BNNS are hierarchically porous and show good CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity.

Few-layered porous boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) have been prepared using a dynamic magnesium diboride (MgB2) template and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) etchant. Magnesium-based intermediates serve as layer separators in the synthesis and prevent extensive aggregation, resulting in few-layered BNNS. The resultant BNNS are hierarchically porous and show good CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity.

Sn addition improves bulk superconducting properties of FeSe0.5Te0.5 with the increase of onset transition temperature and sharpens the transition width. The critical current density (Jc) of Sn-added sample is about 7x103 A cm-2 in self field and maintains a stable value of 3x102 A cm-2 even beyond 60,000 Oe at 4.3 K, much higher than that of the Sn-free one. Phase compositions and morphology characterizations indicate that minor Sn addition facilitates the formation of the superconducting phase whose composition is closer to the ideal one, and suppresses the formation of Fe7Se8 impurity and amorphous phase, which contribute to the improvement of Jc.

Electromagnetic fields were used in twin-roll casting (TRC) of aluminum alloy 5052 (AA5052) for improvement of the microstructure and mechanical properties. A static magnetic field induces an inhibiting effect on the melt in the cast-rolling area and reduces diffusion of the solutes. It also results in more nucleating opportunities and less segregation, thus enhancing the mechanical properties. However, the static magnetic field does not change the orientation of crystal growth and columnar crystals still exist in microstructure. On the other hand, an oscillating magnetic field can refine the suspended particles and induce strong convection. This leads to more uniform distribution of temperature and solute elements, simultaneously increasing nucleating opportunities and decreasing segregation, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties. An oscillating magnetic field also inhibits the orientation of crystal growth and makes finer and equiaxed grains.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising alternative to traditional subtractive manufacturing for fabricating large aerospace components that feature high buy-to-fly ratio. Since the WAAM process builds up a part with complex geometry through the deposition of weld beads on a layer-by-layer basis, it is important to model the geometry of a single weld bead as well as the multi-bead overlapping process in order to achieve high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the fabricated parts. This study firstly builds models for a single weld bead through various curve fitting methods. The experimental results show that both parabola and cosine functions accurately represent the bead profile. The overlapping principle is then detailed to model the geometry of multiple beads overlapping together. The tangent overlapping model (TOM) is established and the concept of the critical centre distance for stable multi-bead overlapping processes is presented. The proposed TOM is shown to provide a much better approximation to the experimental measurements when compared with the traditional flat-top overlapping model (FOM). This is critical in process planning to achieve better geometry accuracy and material efficiency in additive manufacturing.

An innovative method based on optical feedback self-mixing interferometry technique is developed into a system for Young's modulus measurement. The proposed approach utilizes fast Fourier transform to extract the fundamental resonant frequency that is contained in the frequency- and amplitude-modulated self-mixing signal. The system that consists of five modules: sampling, filtering, sensing, impacting and supporting, and the sample has been elaborately designed and all the design requirements have been analyzed. Simulations have been performed for verification of the approach and the design requirements. The result proves the feasibility and applicability.

The crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) has been adopted to simulate the nanoindentation of single crystal high manganese twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel in Abaqus environment through the user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). The nano-indentation experiments were performed on the annealed TWIP steel with Berkovich tip with two levels of load and the initial crystallographic orientation of the testing material was examined by means of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). By adjusting the input parameters in UMAT, the CPFEM model can be verified by matching the numerical and experimental load-displacement curves, and by comparing the calculated young's modulus between simulated and real one. Three unknown self hardening parameters were affirmed by this fitting method. The surface profile, pole figure, and lattice rotation angles derived from the optimal CPFEM model. There is a mutual proof between TEM observations of deformation twinning and simulated lattice rotation angles.

Armored vehicles are primarily designed to provide protection against blast and ballistic events and secondly to improve the manoevrability in battlefield. The manoevrability can be materialized by weight reduction of the vehicles, which also leads to the decrease in operating cost. To obtain improved performance without compromising blast and ballistic properties, explosion bulge testing was adpoted in this work to strengthening a austenitic twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel. The pre-blast technique significanly reduced the grain size of the material which increased the hardness.The electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was conducted to study the microstructure and the dominant deformation mechanism was found to be dislocation slips. As a result, it was found that soft materials like TWIP steel lost a minimal toughness but showed strongly work-hardened after blasts. Based on this result, it is possible that the lifecycle of armor vehicles could be significantly expanded and the repair cost could be greatly reduced.

The effect of austenitizing temperature (880 - 1000°C) on the incubation period and bainitic transformation in steel 0.88% C - 1.35% Si - 1.0% Cr - 0.43% Mn is studied by the methods of x-ray diffraction and optical and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the austenitizing temperature on the temperature and incubation period of the nose of the C-curve of the bainitic transformation is determined. The influence of a 20-min hold at 250°C after the austenitizing on the bainitic structure is studied.

Electromagnetic fields were used in twin-roll casting (TRC) of aluminum alloy 5052 (AA5052) for improvement of the microstructure and mechanical properties. A static magnetic field induces an inhibiting effect on the melt in the cast-rolling area and reduces diffusion of the solutes. It also results in more nucleating opportunities and less segregation, thus enhancing the mechanical properties. However, the static magnetic field does not change the orientation of crystal growth and columnar crystals still exist in microstructure. On the other hand, an oscillating magnetic field can refine the suspended particles and induce strong convection. This leads to more uniform distribution of temperature and solute elements, simultaneously increasing nucleating opportunities and decreasing segregation, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties. An oscillating magnetic field also inhibits the orientation of crystal growth and makes finer and equiaxed grains.

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising alternative to traditional subtractive manufacturing for fabricating large aerospace components that feature high buy-to-fly ratio. Since the WAAM process builds up a part with complex geometry through the deposition of weld beads on a layer-by-layer basis, it is important to model the geometry of a single weld bead as well as the multi-bead overlapping process in order to achieve high surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the fabricated parts. This study firstly builds models for a single weld bead through various curve fitting methods. The experimental results show that both parabola and cosine functions accurately represent the bead profile. The overlapping principle is then detailed to model the geometry of multiple beads overlapping together. The tangent overlapping model (TOM) is established and the concept of the critical centre distance for stable multi-bead overlapping processes is presented. The proposed TOM is shown to provide a much better approximation to the experimental measurements when compared with the traditional flat-top overlapping model (FOM). This is critical in process planning to achieve better geometry accuracy and material efficiency in additive manufacturing.

An innovative method based on optical feedback self-mixing interferometry technique is developed into a system for Young's modulus measurement. The proposed approach utilizes fast Fourier transform to extract the fundamental resonant frequency that is contained in the frequency- and amplitude-modulated self-mixing signal. The system that consists of five modules: sampling, filtering, sensing, impacting and supporting, and the sample has been elaborately designed and all the design requirements have been analyzed. Simulations have been performed for verification of the approach and the design requirements. The result proves the feasibility and applicability.

The crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) has been adopted to simulate the nanoindentation of single crystal high manganese twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel in Abaqus environment through the user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). The nano-indentation experiments were performed on the annealed TWIP steel with Berkovich tip with two levels of load and the initial crystallographic orientation of the testing material was examined by means of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). By adjusting the input parameters in UMAT, the CPFEM model can be verified by matching the numerical and experimental load-displacement curves, and by comparing the calculated young's modulus between simulated and real one. Three unknown self hardening parameters were affirmed by this fitting method. The surface profile, pole figure, and lattice rotation angles derived from the optimal CPFEM model. There is a mutual proof between TEM observations of deformation twinning and simulated lattice rotation angles.

Armored vehicles are primarily designed to provide protection against blast and ballistic events and secondly to improve the manoevrability in battlefield. The manoevrability can be materialized by weight reduction of the vehicles, which also leads to the decrease in operating cost. To obtain improved performance without compromising blast and ballistic properties, explosion bulge testing was adpoted in this work to strengthening a austenitic twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel. The pre-blast technique significanly reduced the grain size of the material which increased the hardness.The electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was conducted to study the microstructure and the dominant deformation mechanism was found to be dislocation slips. As a result, it was found that soft materials like TWIP steel lost a minimal toughness but showed strongly work-hardened after blasts. Based on this result, it is possible that the lifecycle of armor vehicles could be significantly expanded and the repair cost could be greatly reduced.

The effect of austenitizing temperature (880 - 1000°C) on the incubation period and bainitic transformation in steel 0.88% C - 1.35% Si - 1.0% Cr - 0.43% Mn is studied by the methods of x-ray diffraction and optical and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of the austenitizing temperature on the temperature and incubation period of the nose of the C-curve of the bainitic transformation is determined. The influence of a 20-min hold at 250°C after the austenitizing on the bainitic structure is studied.

An innovative method based on optical feedback self-mixing interferometry technique is developed into a system for Young's modulus measurement. The proposed approach utilizes fast Fourier transform to extract the fundamental resonant frequency that is contained in the frequency- and amplitude-modulated self-mixing signal. The system that consists of five modules: sampling, filtering, sensing, impacting and supporting, and the sample has been elaborately designed and all the design requirements have been analyzed. Simulations have been performed for verification of the approach and the design requirements. The result proves the feasibility and applicability.

Electromagnetic fields were used in twin-roll casting (TRC) of aluminum alloy 5052 (AA5052) for improvement of the microstructure and mechanical properties. A static magnetic field induces an inhibiting effect on the melt in the cast-rolling area and reduces diffusion of the solutes. It also results in more nucleating opportunities and less segregation, thus enhancing the mechanical properties. However, the static magnetic field does not change the orientation of crystal growth and columnar crystals still exist in microstructure. On the other hand, an oscillating magnetic field can refine the suspended particles and induce strong convection. This leads to more uniform distribution of temperature and solute elements, simultaneously increasing nucleating opportunities and decreasing segregation, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties. An oscillating magnetic field also inhibits the orientation of crystal growth and makes finer and equiaxed grains.