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The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North - Sweden, Finland and Russia - and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries' media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners' understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

In this chapter, we present an overview of hyperlocal media business models in a global media environment. Our aim is to analyze operational rationales, with a specific focus on long-term survival and resilience. Hyperlocal media is a new addition to local media ecosystems and has been discussed as an important element for building a feeling of belonging and connection in local communities, added democratic values, and sense-making function at the local level. Here, we analyze how hyperlocal media operate, what business models, if any, hyperlocal practitioners have adopted, as well as their reflections on how hyperlocal media can become sustainable. The aim of this research overview is to explore the potential for long-term survival and resilience.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisationand consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhancecivic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines howthe aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland andRussia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context ofdifferent media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agentsof place‐oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocalmedia. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communitieswith a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media:(i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocalmedia range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civicinformation and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent,similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time,the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres andpolitical regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own rolesand aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of localpublic spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates, and can be classified in two main categories: (i) civic information and (ii) civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The role of hyperlocal media is of increasing relevance as traditional local journalism experiences a decline due to centralisation and consolidation. The affordances of Internet and digital technologies also enable hyperlocal initiatives to enhance civic engagement in localities and serve as a place and resource for local deliberative processes. This study examines how the aims, perceptions and practices of hyperlocal media vary in three countries of the Global North—Sweden, Finland and Russia—and what implications this has for connectedness and civic engagement in local public spheres. The context of different media systems and local political regimes help to explore possibilities and limitations of hyperlocals as agents of place-oriented civic engagement. The data includes interviews with practitioners and analysis of selected hyperlocal media. Our results indicate that hyperlocal media practitioners in all three countries aim to provide local people and communities with a voice, and to enhance resident engagement in local life. We reveal three civic roles of hyperlocal media: (i) information provider, (ii) community builder, and (iii) civic mediator. Practices of civic engagement used by hyperlocal media range from relying on civic journalism to fostering civic debates and can be classified in two main categories: civic information and civic debate and interaction. The perceptions and practices of these hyperlocal media are, to some extent, similar because of comparable changes and challenges regarding the local media and public spheres. At the same time, the perceptions of civic roles vary, reflecting both the developments and differences in the countries’ media spheres and political regimes. This research raises a critical question about hyperlocal practitioners’ understanding of their own roles and aims, and in addition, how differences in media cultures and local regimes affect their performance as agents of local public spheres.

The notion of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is operationalized here to explore the influence of press freedom (PF) on the performance of news media firms. We find that growth in reader revenues (RR)—digital and print—is statistically significantly correlated to both EO and PF, suggesting that subscriptions to independently produced news are likely to be better in countries with high degrees of PF, and in instances where the firm’s leaders are entrepreneurial.

The notion of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is operationalized here to explore the influence of press freedom (PF) on the performance of news media firms. We find that growth in reader revenues (RR)—digital and print—is statistically significantly correlated to both EO and PF, suggesting that subscriptions to independently produced news are likely to be better in countries with high degrees of PF, and in instances where the firm’s leaders are entrepreneurial.

The notion of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is operationalized here to explore the influence of press freedom (PF) on the performance of news media firms. We find that growth in reader revenues (RR)—digital and print—is statistically significantly correlated to both EO and PF, suggesting that subscriptions to independently produced news are likely to be better in countries with high degrees of PF, and in instances where the firm’s leaders are entrepreneurial.

This paper sheds light on the distinctive nature of entrepreneurial-oriented behaviours in news media firms by: (1) reconsidering conceptualisations of exploitation and exploration in the industry in order to provide further clarity to Organisational Ambidexterity (OA) measures; (2) offering a multidimensional construct for success of innovations that combines both objective and perceptual measures to allow direct comparisons; (3) drawing on data from a longitudinal study into the decision making of news media executives worldwide that provides historical and industry contexts; and (4) testing whether there are significant differences between the OA priorities of leaders at firms that report successes versus those who report poor performances. The investigation draws on the statistical analysis of original data collected from 1438 individuals in 107 countries. Though the results are based on a large sample, there still are limitations to the research, since the sample was self-selected, and the analysis methodology cross-sectional. However, objectivity was ensured through rigorous quantitative analysis, based upon strict significance testing. This study provides alternative definitions of exploitation and exploration and tests the relationships between them and the performance of news media firms. In so doing, it answers both the specific appeal for greater clarity of OA measures, as well as calls to test and expand existing theory in various contexts, and to develop theory that is directly pertinent to media management science.

This paper sheds light on the distinctive nature of entrepreneurial-oriented behaviours in news media firms by: (1) reconsidering conceptualisations of exploitation and exploration in the industry in order to provide further clarity to Organisational Ambidexterity (OA) measures; (2) offering a multidimensional construct for success of innovations that combines both objective and perceptual measures to allow direct comparisons; (3) drawing on data from a longitudinal study into the decision making of news media executives worldwide that provides historical and industry contexts; and (4) testing whether there are significant differences between the OA priorities of leaders at firms that report successes versus those who report poor performances. The investigation draws on the statistical analysis of original data collected from 1438 individuals in 107 countries. Though the results are based on a large sample, there still are limitations to the research, since the sample was self-selected, and the analysis methodology cross-sectional. However, objectivity was ensured through rigorous quantitative analysis, based upon strict significance testing. This study provides alternative definitions of exploitation and exploration and tests the relationships between them and the performance of news media firms. In so doing, it answers both the specific appeal for greater clarity of OA measures, as well as calls to test and expand existing theory in various contexts, and to develop theory that is directly pertinent to media management science.

This paper sheds light on the distinctive nature of entrepreneurial-oriented behaviours in news media firms by: (1) reconsidering conceptualisations of exploitation and exploration in the industry in order to provide further clarity to Organisational Ambidexterity (OA) measures; (2) offering a multidimensional construct for success of innovations that combines both objective and perceptual measures to allow direct comparisons; (3) drawing on data from a longitudinal study into the decision making of news media executives worldwide that provides historical and industry contexts; and (4) testing whether there are significant differences between the OA priorities of leaders at firms that report successes versus those who report poor performances. The investigation draws on the statistical analysis of original data collected from 1438 individuals in 107 countries. Though the results are based on a large sample, there still are limitations to the research, since the sample was self-selected, and the analysis methodology cross-sectional. However, objectivity was ensured through rigorous quantitative analysis, based upon strict significance testing. This study provides alternative definitions of exploitation and exploration and tests the relationships between them and the performance of news media firms. In so doing, it answers both the specific appeal for greater clarity of OA measures, as well as calls to test and expand existing theory in various contexts, and to develop theory that is directly pertinent to media management science.

The notion of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is operationalized here to explore the influence of press freedom (PF) on the performance of news media firms. We find that growth in reader revenues (RR)—digital and print—is statistically significantly correlated to both EO and PF, suggesting that subscriptions to independently produced news are likely to be better in countries with high degrees of PF, and in instances where the firm’s leaders are entrepreneurial.

This paper sheds light on the distinctive nature of entrepreneurial-oriented behaviours in news media firms by: (1) reconsidering conceptualisations of exploitation and exploration in the industry in order to provide further clarity to Organisational Ambidexterity (OA) measures; (2) offering a multidimensional construct for success of innovations that combines both objective and perceptual measures to allow direct comparisons; (3) drawing on data from a longitudinal study into the decision making of news media executives worldwide that provides historical and industry contexts; and (4) testing whether there are significant differences between the OA priorities of leaders at firms that report successes versus those who report poor performances. The investigation draws on the statistical analysis of original data collected from 1438 individuals in 107 countries. Though the results are based on a large sample, there still are limitations to the research, since the sample was self-selected, and the analysis methodology cross-sectional. However, objectivity was ensured through rigorous quantitative analysis, based upon strict significance testing. This study provides alternative definitions of exploitation and exploration and tests the relationships between them and the performance of news media firms. In so doing, it answers both the specific appeal for greater clarity of OA measures, as well as calls to test and expand existing theory in various contexts, and to develop theory that is directly pertinent to media management science.

The notion of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is operationalized here to explore the influence of press freedom (PF) on the performance of news media firms. We find that growth in reader revenues (RR)—digital and print—is statistically significantly correlated to both EO and PF, suggesting that subscriptions to independently produced news are likely to be better in countries with high degrees of PF, and in instances where the firm’s leaders are entrepreneurial.

This paper sheds light on the distinctive nature of entrepreneurial-oriented behaviours in news media firms by: (1) reconsidering conceptualisations of exploitation and exploration in the industry in order to provide further clarity to Organisational Ambidexterity (OA) measures; (2) offering a multidimensional construct for success of innovations that combines both objective and perceptual measures to allow direct comparisons; (3) drawing on data from a longitudinal study into the decision making of news media executives worldwide that provides historical and industry contexts; and (4) testing whether there are significant differences between the OA priorities of leaders at firms that report successes versus those who report poor performances. The investigation draws on the statistical analysis of original data collected from 1438 individuals in 107 countries. Though the results are based on a large sample, there still are limitations to the research, since the sample was self-selected, and the analysis methodology cross-sectional. However, objectivity was ensured through rigorous quantitative analysis, based upon strict significance testing. This study provides alternative definitions of exploitation and exploration and tests the relationships between them and the performance of news media firms. In so doing, it answers both the specific appeal for greater clarity of OA measures, as well as calls to test and expand existing theory in various contexts, and to develop theory that is directly pertinent to media management science.

The notion of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) is operationalized here to explore the influence of press freedom (PF) on the performance of news media firms. We find that growth in reader revenues (RR)—digital and print—is statistically significantly correlated to both EO and PF, suggesting that subscriptions to independently produced news are likely to be better in countries with high degrees of PF, and in instances where the firm’s leaders are entrepreneurial.

This paper sheds light on the distinctive nature of entrepreneurial-oriented behaviours in news media firms by: (1) reconsidering conceptualisations of exploitation and exploration in the industry in order to provide further clarity to Organisational Ambidexterity (OA) measures; (2) offering a multidimensional construct for success of innovations that combines both objective and perceptual measures to allow direct comparisons; (3) drawing on data from a longitudinal study into the decision making of news media executives worldwide that provides historical and industry contexts; and (4) testing whether there are significant differences between the OA priorities of leaders at firms that report successes versus those who report poor performances. The investigation draws on the statistical analysis of original data collected from 1438 individuals in 107 countries. Though the results are based on a large sample, there still are limitations to the research, since the sample was self-selected, and the analysis methodology cross-sectional. However, objectivity was ensured through rigorous quantitative analysis, based upon strict significance testing. This study provides alternative definitions of exploitation and exploration and tests the relationships between them and the performance of news media firms. In so doing, it answers both the specific appeal for greater clarity of OA measures, as well as calls to test and expand existing theory in various contexts, and to develop theory that is directly pertinent to media management science.

In the Nordic countries, local and regional newspapers have functioned as keystone media. This article examines the emergence of hyperlocal initiatives as part of evolving local media ecosystems in Finland, analysing the extent and characteristics of hyperlocal media, and how they relate to wider changes in the Finnish media ecosystem. The data gathered on hyperlocal initiatives include a semi-structured survey by phone and online. The research conducted shows that the field is diverse. Rather than considering hyperlocal media in the context of typical publication forms, these newcomers can be best described according to a set of dimensions. Furthermore, the results indicate rather a strong desire to engage people in community building. The emergence of hyperlocal publications means adding a new layer to the Finnish media ecosystem. This development also provides the grounds for further study of the possible emergence of a new media era in Finland.

In the Nordic countries, local and regional newspapers have functioned as keystone media. This article examines the emergence of hyperlocal initiatives as part of evolving local media ecosystems in Finland, analysing the extent and characteristics of hyperlocal media, and how they relate to wider changes in the Finnish media ecosystem. The data gathered on hyperlocal initiatives include a semi-structured survey by phone and online. The research conducted shows that the field is diverse. Rather than considering hyperlocal media in the context of typical publication forms, these newcomers can be best described according to a set of dimensions. Furthermore, the results indicate rather a strong desire to engage people in community building. The emergence of hyperlocal publications means adding a new layer to the Finnish media ecosystem. This development also provides the grounds for further study of the possible emergence of a new media era in Finland.

In the Nordic countries, local and regional newspapers have functioned as keystone media. This article examines the emergence of hyperlocal initiatives as part of evolving local media ecosystems in Finland, analysing the extent and characteristics of hyperlocal media, and how they relate to wider changes in the Finnish media ecosystem. The data gathered on hyperlocal initiatives include a semi-structured survey by phone and online. The research conducted shows that the field is diverse. Rather than considering hyperlocal media in the context of typical publication forms, these newcomers can be best described according to a set of dimensions. Furthermore, the results indicate rather a strong desire to engage people in community building. The emergence of hyperlocal publications means adding a new layer to the Finnish media ecosystem. This development also provides the grounds for further study of the possible emergence of a new media era in Finland.

In the Nordic countries, local and regional newspapers have functioned as keystone media. This article examines the emergence of hyperlocal initiatives as part of evolving local media ecosystems in Finland, analysing the extent and characteristics of hyperlocal media, and how they relate to wider changes in the Finnish media ecosystem. The data gathered on hyperlocal initiatives include a semi-structured survey by phone and online. The research conducted shows that the field is diverse. Rather than considering hyperlocal media in the context of typical publication forms, these newcomers can be best described according to a set of dimensions. Furthermore, the results indicate rather a strong desire to engage people in community building. The emergence of hyperlocal publications means adding a new layer to the Finnish media ecosystem. This development also provides the grounds for further study of the possible emergence of a new media era in Finland.

In the Nordic countries, local and regional newspapers have functioned as keystone media. This article examines the emergence of hyperlocal initiatives as part of evolving local media ecosystems in Finland, analysing the extent and characteristics of hyperlocal media, and how they relate to wider changes in the Finnish media ecosystem. The data gathered on hyperlocal initiatives include a semi-structured survey by phone and online. The research conducted shows that the field is diverse. Rather than considering hyperlocal media in the context of typical publication forms, these newcomers can be best described according to a set of dimensions. Furthermore, the results indicate rather a strong desire to engage people in community building. The emergence of hyperlocal publications means adding a new layer to the Finnish media ecosystem. This development also provides the grounds for further study of the possible emergence of a new media era in Finland.

Idäntutkimus-lehden 4/2015 pääkirjoitus

Idäntutkimus-lehden 2/2016 pääkirjoitus

Viime aikojen muutokset median sääntelyssä Venäjällä näyttävät johtavan kohti samaa päämäärää, yhä suurempaa valtion ohjailua, kirjoittaa Katja Lehtisaari.

Leading a news media business has never been simple, but success in today’s increasingly turbulent and competitive environment requires entrepreneurial leadership distinct from other behavioural forms of leadership. This paper reflects on both entrepreneurship and leadership in order to develop a construct of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of the contemporary news media industry. Then, drawing on original data collected through the 21-question World Newsmedia Innovation Study conducted in 11 languages, it considers the relationship between the the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and the perceived performance of the organisation’s leadership. Findings provide insights into how entrepreneurial leaders influence perceptions of organisational culture and future success. It also suggests that news media CEOs have work to do to gain the confidence of their staff, including their executive teams.

Leading a news media business has never been simple, but success in today’s increasingly turbulent and competitive environment requires entrepreneurial leadership distinct from other behavioural forms of leadership. This paper reflects on both entrepreneurship and leadership in order to develop a construct of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of the contemporary news media industry. Then, drawing on original data collected through the 21-question World Newsmedia Innovation Study conducted in 11 languages, it considers the relationship between the the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and the perceived performance of the organisation’s leadership. Findings provide insights into how entrepreneurial leaders influence perceptions of organisational culture and future success. It also suggests that news media CEOs have work to do to gain the confidence of their staff, including their executive teams.

Leading a news media business has never been simple, but success in today’s increasingly turbulent and competitive environment requires entrepreneurial leadership distinct from other behavioural forms of leadership. This paper reflects on both entrepreneurship and leadership in order to develop a construct of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of the contemporary news media industry. Then, drawing on original data collected through the 21-question World Newsmedia Innovation Study conducted in 11 languages, it considers the relationship between the the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and the perceived performance of the organisation’s leadership. Findings provide insights into how entrepreneurial leaders influence perceptions of organisational culture and future success. It also suggests that news media CEOs have work to do to gain the confidence of their staff, including their executive teams.

This article is concerned with changing online strategies in newspaper publishing. It examines the situation through the case of Finland, a country with an exceptionally high rate of printed press circulation. Despite declining readership, newspapers have still maintained a relatively stable economic position. Newspaper publishers have not rushed into online operations and other new forms of production and distribution because the traditional business models have secured their economy. Within a European perspective, Finland is an exceptional market for newspapers because subscriptions have such a solid foothold. The home delivery system also makes newspapersan efficient marketing channel, and daily newspapers still continue to receive the largest share of total advertising spending. In addition, newspaper publishers have been able to retain or even improve upon their profits, despite convergence trends challenging the logicof media consumption through the emergence of web-based services. In this study, our aim was to discover the views of newspaper editors and publishers on online operations now and in the near future. An online survey was conducted among newspaper editors and CEOs in 2013. The survey was sent to 236 people and 56 answerswere collected (24 per cent). Respondents represented both daily and local newspapers, and the selection was geographically representative. The results show that Finnish newspapers are still slow to change, maybe because they have done so well in a protected market. They are gradually adapting to new media and online operations, though development has been faster in large dailies than in small local newspapers. Some newspapers do not even have specific online strategies. However, smaller publications might be more flexible about change in the foreseeable future. Traditional trust inquality journalism produced by professional journalists is still alive, while, at the same time, respondents foresee that the role of user-generated cont, Este artigo trata sobre as cambiantes estratégias online na edição de jornais. Examina a situação através do caso da Finlândia, um país com um índice muito alto de circulação de jornais impressos. Apesar do descenso no número de leitores, os jornais finlandeses tem mantido uma posição económica relativamente estável. Seus gerentes não tem se apressado na hora iniciar operações online e de experimentar novas vias de produção e distribuição, já que seus modelos de negócio tradicionais tem mantido sua economia.Desde a perspectiva europeia, Finlândia é um mercado excepcional para a imprensa porquea modalidade de subscrição está solidamente assentada. O sistema de entrega em domicílio também faz com que os jornais sejam um eficiente canal de marketing e, a sua vez, eles continuam recebendo a maior parte do gasto em publicidade. Além disso, os gerentes de jornais têm podido reter ou até melhorar seus ganhos apesar da tendência para a convergência, que está desafiando a lógica do consumo mediático através da emergência de serviços online. No presente estudo, nosso objetivo foi descobrir as opiniões de editores e gerentes de jornais com respeito às operações online atuais e no futuro próximo. Realizou-se uma enquete por internet entre editores e gerentes de jornais em 2013, que foi enviada a 236 personas, das quais responderam 56 (24 por cento). Os pesquisados representam a imprensa diária ea local, e a mostra foi geograficamente representativa. Os resultados da enquete demonstram que os jornais finlandeses são lentos na hora de adotar mudanças, talvez porque se tem preservado muito bem em um mercado protegido. Lentamente, se estão adaptando aos novos meios de comunicação e as operações online, embora o desenvolvimento tenha sido mais rápido nos jornais de maior tiragem que nos de distribuição local. Alguns jornais nem sequer tem uma estratégia online específica. De qualquer jeito, no futuro os menores poderiam ser mais flexíveis ante as mudanças. A confiança no jornalismo, Este artículo trata sobre las cambiantes estrategias en línea en la edición de diarios. Examina la situación a través del caso de Finlandia, un país con un índice muy alto de circulación de diarios impresos. A pesar del descenso en el número de lectores, los diarios finlandeses han mantenido una posición económica relativamente estable. Sus gerentes no se han apresurado a iniciar operaciones en línea y a probar nuevas vías de producción y distribución, ya que sus modelos de negocio tradicionales han mantenido su economía.Desde la perspectiva europea, Finlandia es un mercado excepcional para la prensa porque la modalidad de suscripción está sólidamente asentada. El sistema de entrega a domicilio también hace que los diarios sean un eficiente canal de marketing y a su vez estos siguen recibiendo la mayor parte del gasto en publicidad. Además, los gerentes de diarios han podido retener o hasta mejorar sus ganancias a pesar de la tendencia hacia la convergencia, que está desafiando la lógica del consumo mediático a través de la emergencia de servicios en línea. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue descubrir las opiniones de editores y gerentes de diarios acerca de las operaciones en línea actuales y en el futuro cercano. Se realizó una encuesta por internet entre editores y gerentes de diarios en 2013, que fue enviada a 236 personas, de las cuales respondieron 56 (24 por ciento). Los encuestados representan a la prensa diaria y a la local, y la muestra fue geográficamente representativa.Los resultados de la encuesta demuestran que los diarios finlandeses son lentos a la hora de adoptar cambios, quizás porque se han preservado muy bien en un mercado protegido. Lentamente, se están adaptando a los nuevos medios y a las operaciones en línea, aunque el desarrollo ha sido más rápido en los diarios de mayor tirada que en los de distribución local. Algunos diarios ni siquiera tienen una estrategia en línea específica. De todos modos, en el futuro los más pequeños podrían ser

Leading a news media business has never been simple, but success in today’s increasingly turbulent and competitive environment requires entrepreneurial leadership distinct from other behavioural forms of leadership. This paper reflects on both entrepreneurship and leadership in order to develop a construct of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of the contemporary news media industry. Then, drawing on original data collected through the 21-question World Newsmedia Innovation Study conducted in 11 languages, it considers the relationship between the the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and the perceived performance of the organisation’s leadership. Findings provide insights into how entrepreneurial leaders influence perceptions of organisational culture and future success. It also suggests that news media CEOs have work to do to gain the confidence of their staff, including their executive teams.

Leading a news media business has never been simple, but success in today’s increasingly turbulent and competitive environment requires entrepreneurial leadership distinct from other behavioural forms of leadership. This paper reflects on both entrepreneurship and leadership in order to develop a construct of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of the contemporary news media industry. Then, drawing on original data collected through the 21-question World Newsmedia Innovation Study conducted in 11 languages, it considers the relationship between the the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and the perceived performance of the organisation’s leadership. Findings provide insights into how entrepreneurial leaders influence perceptions of organisational culture and future success. It also suggests that news media CEOs have work to do to gain the confidence of their staff, including their executive teams.

Leading a news media business has never been simple, but success in today’s increasingly turbulent and competitive environment requires entrepreneurial leadership distinct from other behavioural forms of leadership. This paper reflects on both entrepreneurship and leadership in order to develop a construct of entrepreneurial leadership in the context of the contemporary news media industry. Then, drawing on original data collected through the 21-question World Newsmedia Innovation Study conducted in 11 languages, it considers the relationship between the the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation and the perceived performance of the organisation’s leadership. Findings provide insights into how entrepreneurial leaders influence perceptions of organisational culture and future success. It also suggests that news media CEOs have work to do to gain the confidence of their staff, including their executive teams.