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Currently, companies have been affected by situations such as the Covid19 pandemic, economic crises, among other factors that lead to problems for organizations, including affecting their production levels, which is why companies, when detecting a problem in certain occasions they do not know how to act before it, that is why through the JUCAM methodology it seeks to help identify those critical factors that generate problems for the company to give priority and find a solution in the shortest possible time, for this way to optimize processes through Lean Manufacturing tools and finally obtain quite favorable results for the brand., Actualmente las empresas se han visto afectadas por situaciones como la de la pandemia del Covid19, crisis económicas, entre otros factores que conllevan a generar problemáticas a las organizaciones entre ellas afectando sus niveles de producción, es por ello que las empresas al detectar una problemática en ciertas ocasiones no saben cómo actuar ante la misma, es por ello que a través de la metodología JUCAM se busca ayudar a identificar esos factores críticos que generan problema a la empresa para dar prioridad y encontrar una solución en el menor tiempo posible, para de esta forma optimizar los procesos mediante herramientas del Lean Manufacturing y por último obtener resultados bastantes favorables para la marca.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the identification and elimination of inefficiencies within the furniture industry, with the overarching goal of enhancing operational effectiveness and productivity. Theoretical Framework: Drawing upon principles from Lean Manufacturing and Lean Office, this research emphasizes the critical role of waste reduction and process optimization within organizational contexts. Key theoretical underpinnings include Lean Thinking, Value Stream Mapping, and Strategies for Waste Elimination. Methodology: Employing a case study approach, this research examines the implementation of Lean Office principles within a small-scale furniture manufacturing company. Data collection methods encompass document analysis, direct observation, and interviews with key stakeholders. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing ten projects undertaken over the past 18 months, assessing their complexity and impact on operational efficiency. Results and Discussion: Findings reveal a substantial 82.5% reduction in waiting time following the adoption of Lean Office principles. This reduction translates to enhanced customer service, improved product quality, and cost savings. The discussion section contextualizes these findings within the theoretical framework, highlighting implications and identified relationships, while also acknowledging potential discrepancies and limitations. Implications of the Research: The practical and theoretical implications of this study provide valuable insights into strategies for operational enhancement within the furniture industry. These insights extend to areas such as process optimization, waste reduction, and organizational efficiency, with potential applications across various sectors. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating the effectiveness of Lean Office principles in addressing inefficiencies within administrative environments. Its innovative approach to operational impro, Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la identificación y eliminación de ineficiencias dentro de la industria del mueble, con el propósito principal de mejorar la efectividad operativa y la productividad. Marco Teórico: Basándose en principios de Manufactura Esbelta y Lean Office, esta investigación enfatiza el papel crítico de la reducción de desperdicios y la optimización de procesos dentro de contextos organizacionales. Los principales fundamentos teóricos incluyen el Pensamiento Esbelto, el Mapeo del Flujo de Valor y Estrategias para la Eliminación de Desperdicios. Metodología: Empleando un enfoque de estudio de caso, esta investigación examina la implementación de los principios de Lean Office dentro de una empresa de fabricación de muebles a pequeña escala. Los métodos de recopilación de datos comprenden análisis de documentos, observación directa y entrevistas con partes interesadas clave. Específicamente, el estudio se centra en analizar diez proyectos realizados en los últimos 18 meses, evaluando su complejidad e impacto en la eficiencia operativa. Resultados y Discusión: Los hallazgos revelan una reducción sustancial del 82.5% en el tiempo de espera tras la adopción de los principios de Lean Office. Esta reducción se traduce en un mejor servicio al cliente, una mejora en la calidad del producto y ahorros de costos. La sección de discusión contextualiza estos hallazgos dentro del marco teórico, destacando implicaciones y relaciones identificadas, y reconociendo también posibles discrepancias y limitaciones. Implicaciones de la Investigación: Las implicaciones prácticas y teóricas de este estudio proporcionan ideas valiosas sobre estrategias para mejorar la operación dentro de la industria del mueble. Estas ideas se extienden a áreas como la optimización de procesos, la reducción de desperdicios y la eficiencia organizacional, con aplicaciones potenciales en varios sectores. Originalidad/Valor: Este estudio contribuye a la literatura existent

Lean production, the most extensive production paradigm now used in industry, has become one of the most popular themes in business and manufacturing literature during the past few decades. Value stream, continuous flow, pull systems, continuous improvement are the five principles that define Lean production as the significance of eliminating waste. In parallel with the Lean thinking, the Green strategy is also gaining importance in competition between companies. Many businesses are working to create goods or services that have less of an impact on the environment over a period of their lifecycle. The goal is to decrease the use of resources, remove risky materials, promote recycling, improve efficiency, and lower CO2 emissions. Waste reduction is an essential component of both the Lean and Green production paradigms, and combining these two approaches to management can produce beneficial outcomes.

Aquest treball tracta de dissenyar i optimitzar una fàbrica de tubs de coure preaïllats mitjançant el mètode Lean Manufacturing. L’objectiu principal del treball és maximitzar l’eficiència de la planta però el contingut del treball també és aplicable a qualsevol altre planta. Mitjançant els coneixements obtinguts durant el grau i l’experiència obtinguda a l’empresa PDM US, s’intentarà millorar el flux de producció i fer els canvis necessaris per a optimitzar la producció. Per a aconseguir-ho, s’han usat metodologies com el sistema “kaizen” i el sistema de les 8 d’s per a detectar i corregir errors i desperdicis. El projecte està estructurat en 3 grans parts, la primera és els fonaments teòrics, la segona és les possibles accions de millora i la tercera és l’aplicació real d’algun d’aquests sistemes. El treball, manifesta la gran importància de la millora contínua dels processos de producció per a l’adaptació en el mercat competitiu i per una evolució positiva de la indústria. Els resultats demostren els grans beneficis que comporta adoptar un sistema de Lean Management a l’empresa tant com per a la satisfacció del client com la qualitat del producte i la rendibilitat., This project tries to design and optimize a factory of pre-insulated copper tubes using the Lean Manufacturing method. The main goal of the project is to maximize the efficiency of the plant but the content of the project is also applicable to any other plant. Through the knowledge obtained during the degree and the experience obtained in the company PDM US, we will try to improve the production flow and make the necessary changes to optimize production. To achieve this, methodologies such as the “kaizen” system and the 8d’s system have been used to detect and correct errors and waste. The project is structured in 3 large parts, the first is the theoretical foundations, the second is the possible improvement actions and the third is the real application of some of these systems. The work shows the great importance of the continuous improvement of production processes for adaptation in the competitive market and for a positive evolution of the industry. The results show the great benefits of adopting a Lean Management system in the company both for customer satisfaction and product quality and profitability.

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és la obtenció de una metodologia per a la correcta implementació de els sistemes de recollida selectiva de residus, aplicada en el poble de Capafonts, per a aconseguir aquest objectiu principal s’utilitzen coneixements d’organització de la producció i de LEAN Management per a decidir quin mètodes és el més òptim per al poble afectat, calcular els temps de recollida i seleccionar la ruta de recollida més òptima, en aquest cas s’obté un temps aproximat de 48 minuts, una reducció de 30 minuts de la ruta actual. Un cop finalitzat l’apartat de metodologia a seguir per a la implementació de un mètode de recollida selectiva, el següent apartat es centra en la millora de la recollida selectiva en si, un altre objectiu a assolir, en aquest cas el centre d’atenció són 3 apartats: El calendari de recollida, on es proposa un codi de colors en les bosses de brossa que acaba permetent a l’usuari tirar la brossa que vulgui el dia que vulgui; l’aixecament de contenidors, es proposa un canvi de mètode push a mètode pull on es centra en que l’ajuntament comuniqui al camió quan necessita que els contenidors es vinguin a buscar, en lloc de fer-ho de forma periòdica; mètodes de conscienciació de l’usuari, es mencionen variïs mètodes que poden ajudar a l’ajuntament a conscienciar l’usuari sobre el reciclatge. Per acabar, l’últim objectiu es centra en pressupostar el nou mètode de millora i es compara amb l’antic, fent això es pot observar que hi ha una clara millora en els costos per a l’ajuntament, a demés d’aproximar-se al pressupost mencionat per l’ajuntament, uns 14000 euros. En conclusió, s’obté un treball que assoleix els objectius plantejats oferint resultats de alt nivell, però, encara hi ha apartats que es poden millorar, ja que un dels apartats més importants del LEAN management és la millora constant, per això també es menciona per quins àmbits es podria seguir millorant aquest treball., El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener una metodología para la correcta implantación de los sistemas de recogida selectiva de residuos, aplicados en el pueblo de Capafonts, Para conseguir este objetivo principal se utilizan conocimientos de organización de la producción y LEAN Management para decidir que método es el más óptimo para el pueblo afectado, calcular los tiempos de recogida y seleccionar la ruta de recogida más óptima, en este caso se obtiene un tiempo aproximado de 48 minutos, una reducción de 30 minutos de la ruta actual. Una vez finalizado el apartado de metodología a seguir para la implantación de un método de recogida selectiva, el siguiente apartado se centra en la mejora de la propia recogida selectiva, otro objetivo a conseguir, en este caso el foco de atención son 3 apartados: El calendario de recogida, donde se propone un código de colores en los contenedores de residuos que permita al usuario tirar los residuos que quiera el día que quiera; la eliminación de contenedores, se propone un cambio de método push a pull, donde el ayuntamiento comunicaría al camión cuando necesita que se recojan los contenedores, en lugar de hacerlo periódicamente; métodos de concienciación del usuario, se mencionan varios métodos que podrían ayudar al ayuntamiento a concienciar al usuario sobre el reciclaje. Finalmente, el último objetivo se centra en presupuestar el nuevo método de mejora y compararlo con el antiguo, de esta forma se puede observar que hay una clara mejora en los costes para el ayuntamiento, además de acercarse al presupuesto mencionado por el ayuntamiento, unos 14.000 euros. En conclusión, se ha obtenido un trabajo que cumple con los objetivos planteados, ofreciendo resultados de alto nivel, pero aún existen áreas que se pueden mejorar, ya que uno de los aspectos más importantes de la gestión LEAN es la mejora constante, por lo tanto también se menciona en que áreas se podría seguir mejorando este trabajo., The objective of this work is to obtain a methodology for the correct implementation of the selective waste collection systems, applied in the town of Capafonts, To achieve this main objective we use knowledge of production organization and LEAN Management to decide which method is the most optimal for the affected village, calculate the collection times and select the most optimal collection route, in this case we obtain an approximate time of 48 minutes, a reduction of 30 minutes of the current route. Once the section on methodology to follow for the implementation of a selective collection method is finished, the next section focuses on the improvement of the selective collection itself, another objective to achieve, in this case the focus of attention are 3 sections: The collection calendar, where a color coding is proposed on the waste bins that allows the user to throw the waste he/she wants on the day he/she wants; container disposal, a change from a push to a pull method is proposed, where the city council would communicate to the truck when it needs the containers to be picked up, instead of doing it periodically; user awareness methods, several methods are mentioned that could help the city council to raise user awareness about recycling. Finally, the last objective is focused on budgeting the new improvement method and comparing it with the old one, in this way it can be observed that there is a clear improvement in the costs for the council, besides being close to the budget mentioned by the council, about 14,000 euros. In conclusion, we have obtained a work that meets the objectives set, offering high level results, but there are still areas that can be improved, since one of the most important aspects of LEAN management is the constant improvement, therefore it is also mentioned in which areas this work could be further improved.

The circular economy is an approach that aims to increase resource efficiency and hence sustainability. Remanufacturing as an element of the circular economy enables sustainability by multiple product utilization cycles. However, remanufacturing companies are seeking for optimization solutions for specific challenges in order to increase their competitiveness. Based on a case study with a remanufacturing SME (small and medium-sized enterprise), this paper focuses on process-oriented challenges when it comes to lean remanufacturing of electric motors. First, the process of remanufacturing is pointed out with its single steps. Then challenges are collected based on the process of remanufacturing electric motors. Lastly, potential solutions from the lean production point of view are evaluated regarding their effectiveness to overcome the collected challenges. The results can be applied by companies which consider to establish processes to remanufacture electric motors and at companies which have already established remanufacturing of electric motors but aim to improve their remanufacturing activities.

The purpose of this work is to explore how lean can be implemented through the staff´s enhanced understanding, for increased productivity without additional resources. This was carried out through a project in a company limited to two departments. Literature and review provided an overview of the staff's knowledge level of lean. With the gained knowledge, a project was initiated focusing on the understanding of 5S, TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) and communication with an emphasis of ownership and responsibility for a position. This was done by sorting materials in the department and providing a clear instruction to the project , expectations, and a Q&A session. The group's whiteboard was redesigned for clearer visual communication and to facilitate discussion about daily production goals. A concluding audit was conducted to draw conclusions about how the project and implementation were progressing. During the final audit, the ownership of positions was seen to provide clearer responsibilities and that 5S created more order in the department. However, communication is perceived as an area needing improvement. In conclusion, the implementation and the staff´s understanding are heading in the desired direction in this project. However, to maintain the understanding and the system, time, presence and support are required. This is necessary to create the desired habits and prevent reverting to old and familiar routines. Communication and support from all levels are needed for the implementation to succeed., Syftet med detta arbete är att se hur lean kan implementeras med hjälp av personalens utökade förståelse för leanverktygens fördelar vid användning, för ökad produktivitet utan utökade resurser. Projektet utfördes i ett företag med begränsning till två avdelningar. Litteratur och revisionen gav en bild av personalens kunskapsläge av lean vid projektstart. Med den kunskapen påbörjades ett projekt på företaget med fokus på förståelse av 5S, TPU (Totalt Produktivt Underhåll) och kommunikation samt ett påbörjande av ägande och ansvar för ett arbetsområde. Detta genomfördes via en tydlig introduktion av projektet, förväntningar och frågestund samt sortering av material på avdelningarna. Gruppernas whiteboard tavla gjordes om för tydligare visuell kommunikation samt för att lättare kunna diskutera dagliga produktionsmål. En avslutande revision genomfördes för att kunna dra slutsatser om hur projektet och implementeringen utvecklats. Avslutande revision visade att ägandet av positionerna gav ett tydligare ansvar samt att 5S skapat mer ordning på avdelningarna. Däremot upplevdes kommunikationen som ett område där det krävs mer arbete. Som slutsats går implementeringen och personalens förståelse för leanverktygens fördelar vid användning åt rätt håll i detta studerade projekt. Men för att sedan kunna hålla kvar vid förståelsen, engagemanget och systemet krävs tid, närvaro samt stöttning. Detta för att kunna skapa de önskade vanorna för att inte falla tillbaka till gamla och bekanta rutiner. Kommunikation och stöttning från alla organisationens nivåer behövs för att implementeringen ska fungera.

Digital twins in Industry 4.0 enhance lean supply chains by optimizing efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring responsiveness to consumers. However, their relationship with lean supply chains remains understudied. We address this gap through a systematic literature review, analyzing 33 selected papers from 759 articles. Utilizing the supply-chain operations reference (SCOR) framework, we assess digital twins' impact on supply chain processes and performances. Our findings indicate that digital twins are primarily used in plan, make, and delivery processes, with limited exploration in source and return processes. They enhance lean practices by improving information flow, eliminating waste, optimizing logistics, and enabling just-in-time production. However, top management commitment, supplier relationship management, and customer relationship management are understudied areas. We also recognize two additional areas where digital twins contribute: enhancing supply chain coordination, and bolstering supply chain resilience, particularly against disruptions such as COVID-19 and geopolitical events. Additionally, we propose a framework for digital twin-driven smart lean supply chain management and highlight the importance of future research in areas such as supply chain digital twins (SCDT) mapping, convergence, interaction, cognition and service. This study pioneers exploring the motivations, applications, and contributions of digital twins in lean supply chain management.

The circular economy is an approach that aims to increase resource efficiency and hence sustainability. Remanufacturing as an element of the circular economy enables sustainability by multiple product utilization cycles. However, remanufacturing companies are seeking for optimization solutions for specific challenges in order to increase their competitiveness. Based on a case study with a remanufacturing SME (small and medium-sized enterprise), this paper focuses on process-oriented challenges when it comes to lean remanufacturing of electric motors. First, the process of remanufacturing is pointed out with its single steps. Then challenges are collected based on the process of remanufacturing electric motors. Lastly, potential solutions from the lean production point of view are evaluated regarding their effectiveness to overcome the collected challenges. The results can be applied by companies which consider to establish processes to remanufacture electric motors and at companies which have already established remanufacturing of electric motors but aim to improve their remanufacturing activities.

In the metal sheet forming industry, discovering new and improved techniques to enhance efficiency, quality, and productivity is crucial to remain competitive in an ever-evolving market. Therefore, the implementation of continuous improvement techniques represents a key strategy to optimize manufacturing processes and meet market demands for profitability. The objective of this article is to propose a practical model for implementing continuous improvement techniques in metal sheet forming processes. The aim is to identify and analyze improvement opportunities at various stages of the process, from planning and design to production and quality control. Methodology: A thorough study was conducted on current information regarding continuous improvement techniques and metal sheet forming processes. Based on this, an implementation model was developed integrating Lean manufacturing tools such as 5S, TPM, and the 7 wastes. The proposed model was successfully applied in a company in the mechanical metal sector, where various improvements were identified and implemented in the sheet forming processes from start to finish. Significant improvements were recorded, including waste reduction, increased productivity, and enhanced final product quality. It is concluded that the implementation of Lean manufacturing continuous improvement techniques in metal sheet forming processes offers benefits such as improved operational efficiency, reduced production costs, decreased production times, and greater customer satisfaction. This project demonstrates the viability and importance of adopting a systematic and proactive approach to continuous improvement in the metal industry. Relevance: The results of this study have significant implications for companies in the metal sheet forming sector, serving as a guide to implementing continuous improvement strategies and achieving efficiency improvements in their production system to enhance competitiveness in the market.

This thesis explores the application of Lean Manufacturing (LM) principles in the context of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), with a focus on enhancing operational efficiency in manufacturing processes. SIDS represents a unique subset of developing countries, characterized by challenges stemming from their small size, geographic isolation, limited resources, and vulnerability to external shocks. These 39 states have traditionally relied on tourism as their primary economic driver. However, recent trends suggest a shift towards industrial manufacturing to promote sustainable development. Despite these aspirations, the limited resources of SIDS necessitate efficient resource utilization. While LM has been widely adopted to address this need, there exists a notable research gap concerning its applicability in SIDS. To address this research gap, a case study approach was employed, focusing on Dakri Cartons, a carton manufacturer in the SIDS Mauritius. The study examines the current production processes, identifies inefficiencies through Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and proposes LM strategies to enhance operational efficiency. The methodology integrates quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews and observations, employing triangulation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in applying LM principles in a SIDS context. The application of VSM at Dakri Cartons revealed inefficiencies concerning the work-in-progress (WIP) inventories. The root cause could be attributed to the capacity of converting machines and synchronization issues between the corrugator and converting machines. To address these inefficiencies, LM principles such as workload leveling, worker training, goal alignment, pull-based strategies, and visual controls were explored. The case study showed challenges and opportunities similar to prior research in developing countries. It also identified additional challenges specific to SIDS, like scarce human r, Detta examensarbetet undersöker tillämpningen av Lean tillverkning (LM) i små ö-nationer under utveckling (SIDS), med fokus på att förbättra effektiviteten i produktionsprocesser. SIDS är ett unikt fall av utvecklingsländer som står inför särskilda utmaningar på grund av sin lilla storlek, geografiska isolering, begränsade resurser och sårbarhet för externa chocker. Dessa 39 SIDS har traditionellt sett haft turism som sin primära inkomstkälla, men länderna börjar nu utveckla deras industri för att främja hållbar utveckling. Denna riktning kräver effektivt resursutnyttjande, då SIDS har begränsade resurser. Även om LM har applicerats globalt för att adressera detta behov, finns det en märkbar kunskapslucka i litteraturen, specifikt om hur LMprinciper kan tillämpas effektivt i SIDS. För att adressera denna kunskapslucka gjordes en fallstudie på Dakri Cartons, en kartongtillverkare på Mauritius. Studien undersöker de nuvarande produktionsprocesserna vid Dakri Cartons, identifierar ineffektiviteter genom värdeflödeskartläggning (VSM) och föreslår LM-strategier för att förbättra effektiviteten. Metodologin integrerar kvantitativ dataanalys med kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer, där triangulering används för att ge en omfattande förståelse för utmaningarna och möjligheterna med att tillämpa LM-principer i en SIDS-kontext. Tillämpningen av VSM vid Dakri Cartons påvisade ineffektiviteter gällande work-in-progress (WIP) lagret. Ineffektiviteterna kunde härledas till kapaciteten hos konverteringsmaskinerna och synkroniseringsproblem mellan korrugatorn- och konverteringssmaskinerna. För att adressera detta applicerades LM-principer såsom arbetsbelastningsutjämning, arbetarutbildning, målöverlappning, pull-baserade strategier och visuella kontroller. Fallstudien avslöjade utmaningar och möjligheter liknande tidigare forskning i utvecklingsländer, men visade även ytterligare utmaningar specifika för SIDS, såsom begränsade mänskliga resurser, sårbarhet vid naturkatastrofer

På Volvo Lastvagnar i Umeå tillverkas hytter till lastbilar. Volvo har ett attraktivt värdeerbjudande att tillgå. För maximal lönsamhet behöver kund förses med önskad produkt till lägsta möjliga kostnad. Lean-production är en filosofi som är utformad för att skapa största möjliga värde som efterfrågas av kund. Till lägsta möjliga kostnad. Genom att systematiskt minimera slöserier med en standardiserad metodik. I denna studie har lokalt ledarskap och lokala förutsättningar studerats för att kartlägga lokala hinder och utmaningar som hämmar en ökad implementering av Lean-production. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer som berör mönster och värderingar relaterat till Lean-production så ges ökad insikt om dessa hinder och utmaningar i studien. Två olika områden i linjeverksamheten för hyttillverkning har studerats. I varje område har operatörer, teamledare och 3 stycken chefsled intervjuats. Med hjälp av populär Lean-specifik litteratur ges rekommendationer på kartlagda mönster mot ett ökat implementerande. Värderingar och principer som berör Lean är närvarande i verksamheten med blandad insikt och kännedom om det. De individer som deltagit i studien visar att utövandet och kunskapen om Lean är blandad i fallet. Studien visar att ledare som leder med större grad av Lean-mognad präglar sina medarbetare till att själva utöva Lean i en högre grad. Fallstudien visar också att den Lean-mognad som finns i intervjuade individer är homogen. De som visar högre Lean-mognad visar det konsekvent i värderingar och principer. Studien visar också att intervjuade individer är mottagliga för ökad mognad av Lean., At Volvo Trucks in Umeå, cabs for trucks are manufactured. Volvo offers an attractive value proposition, but for maximum profitability, customers need to receive the desired product at the lowest possible cost. Lean production is a philosophy designed to create the greatest value demanded by the customer at the lowest possible cost, by systematically minimizing waste through standardized methods. This study investigates local leadership and conditions to identify obstacles and challenges that hinder the increased implementation of Lean production. Through qualitative interviews focused on patterns and values related to Lean, the study provides insights into these challenges. Two areas within the cab production line operations were examined, with interviews conducted with operators, team leaders, and three levels of management. Recommendations based on popular Lean-specific literature are provided to address the identified patterns and promote increased implementation. Values and principles related to Lean are present within the organization, though the level of understanding and awareness varies. Participants in the study demonstrate mixed levels of Lean practice and knowledge. The study finds that leaders who possess higher Lean maturity tend to influence their teams to practice Lean more effectively. Furthermore, the Lean maturity among the interviewed individuals is consistent, with those demonstrating higher maturity consistently reflecting it in their values and principles. The study also highlights that the individuals interviewed are open to further developing their Lean maturity.

The research aims to investigate the lack of cohesive workflow of production lines within a company, exploring the factors and dynamics at play. It also seeks to analyze the identified issues, focusing on their root causes and potential impacts on operational efficiency. An important aspect of the research is the consideration of value stream mapping (VSM). The methodology is based on a literature review and a single-case study. The literature review, including a systematic review, was conducted to identify existing practices. To explore the research objectives, a case study was performed, examining the industrial implementation and challenges of using the VSM tool. The current state VSM was designed and analyzed, identifying various types of waste within the workflow. Based on this analysis, a future state VSM was recommended to address the inefficiencies. The field of study is well-researched but has a notable gap regarding the application of VSM in complex industrial settings. The research identified inadequacies for using and implementing VSM in organizations, aiming to fill this gap. The research concluded that while there are several benefits to using VSM, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. To bridge these challenges and support decision-making in the improvement process, the study proposes specific recommendations. The study faced limitations, particularly in data collection due to time constraints and validity concerns. The data collection period was limited to less than two months. Additionally, the complexity of the data led to generalizations in the creation of the VSM. This "good enough" approach, however, is not deemed to significantly affect the study's overall validity or reliability. By providing a systematic way of mapping, the research enhances operational efficiency by more efficient use of resources, reduced cycle times, improving process flow, and facilitating better decision-making. These efforts lead to improved overall perfo

This research article explores the critical role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing sustainability within the manufacturing supply chain, with a focus on achieving lean and green objectives. The study emphasizes how AI technologies can optimize supply chain processes, reduce waste, and enhance environmental sustainability while simultaneously improving efficiency. Through a comprehensive literature review, the article examines existing AI applications in supply chain management, identifying key trends, challenges, and opportunities. The methodology section outlines the systematic approach used to gather and analyze relevant data, while the findings highlight the transformative potential of AI in fostering sustainable practices. The discussion delves into the implications of these findings for the manufacturing sector, suggesting that the integration of AI not only aligns with lean manufacturing principles but also supports broader sustainability goals. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research and development in AI-driven supply chain solutions to fully realize their potential in promoting a greener, more efficient manufacturing industry.

This research article explores the critical role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing sustainability within the manufacturing supply chain, with a focus on achieving lean and green objectives. The study emphasizes how AI technologies can optimize supply chain processes, reduce waste, and enhance environmental sustainability while simultaneously improving efficiency. Through a comprehensive literature review, the article examines existing AI applications in supply chain management, identifying key trends, challenges, and opportunities. The methodology section outlines the systematic approach used to gather and analyze relevant data, while the findings highlight the transformative potential of AI in fostering sustainable practices. The discussion delves into the implications of these findings for the manufacturing sector, suggesting that the integration of AI not only aligns with lean manufacturing principles but also supports broader sustainability goals. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research and development in AI-driven supply chain solutions to fully realize their potential in promoting a greener, more efficient manufacturing industry.

This thesis explores the application of Lean Manufacturing (LM) principles in the context of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), with a focus on enhancing operational efficiency in manufacturing processes. SIDS represents a unique subset of developing countries, characterized by challenges stemming from their small size, geographic isolation, limited resources, and vulnerability to external shocks. These 39 states have traditionally relied on tourism as their primary economic driver. However, recent trends suggest a shift towards industrial manufacturing to promote sustainable development. Despite these aspirations, the limited resources of SIDS necessitate efficient resource utilization. While LM has been widely adopted to address this need, there exists a notable research gap concerning its applicability in SIDS. To address this research gap, a case study approach was employed, focusing on Dakri Cartons, a carton manufacturer in the SIDS Mauritius. The study examines the current production processes, identifies inefficiencies through Value Stream Mapping (VSM), and proposes LM strategies to enhance operational efficiency. The methodology integrates quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews and observations, employing triangulation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in applying LM principles in a SIDS context. The application of VSM at Dakri Cartons revealed inefficiencies concerning the work-in-progress (WIP) inventories. The root cause could be attributed to the capacity of converting machines and synchronization issues between the corrugator and converting machines. To address these inefficiencies, LM principles such as workload leveling, worker training, goal alignment, pull-based strategies, and visual controls were explored. The case study showed challenges and opportunities similar to prior research in developing countries. It also identified additional challenges specific to SIDS, like scarce human r, Detta examensarbetet undersöker tillämpningen av Lean tillverkning (LM) i små ö-nationer under utveckling (SIDS), med fokus på att förbättra effektiviteten i produktionsprocesser. SIDS är ett unikt fall av utvecklingsländer som står inför särskilda utmaningar på grund av sin lilla storlek, geografiska isolering, begränsade resurser och sårbarhet för externa chocker. Dessa 39 SIDS har traditionellt sett haft turism som sin primära inkomstkälla, men länderna börjar nu utveckla deras industri för att främja hållbar utveckling. Denna riktning kräver effektivt resursutnyttjande, då SIDS har begränsade resurser. Även om LM har applicerats globalt för att adressera detta behov, finns det en märkbar kunskapslucka i litteraturen, specifikt om hur LMprinciper kan tillämpas effektivt i SIDS. För att adressera denna kunskapslucka gjordes en fallstudie på Dakri Cartons, en kartongtillverkare på Mauritius. Studien undersöker de nuvarande produktionsprocesserna vid Dakri Cartons, identifierar ineffektiviteter genom värdeflödeskartläggning (VSM) och föreslår LM-strategier för att förbättra effektiviteten. Metodologin integrerar kvantitativ dataanalys med kvalitativa intervjuer och observationer, där triangulering används för att ge en omfattande förståelse för utmaningarna och möjligheterna med att tillämpa LM-principer i en SIDS-kontext. Tillämpningen av VSM vid Dakri Cartons påvisade ineffektiviteter gällande work-in-progress (WIP) lagret. Ineffektiviteterna kunde härledas till kapaciteten hos konverteringsmaskinerna och synkroniseringsproblem mellan korrugatorn- och konverteringssmaskinerna. För att adressera detta applicerades LM-principer såsom arbetsbelastningsutjämning, arbetarutbildning, målöverlappning, pull-baserade strategier och visuella kontroller. Fallstudien avslöjade utmaningar och möjligheter liknande tidigare forskning i utvecklingsländer, men visade även ytterligare utmaningar specifika för SIDS, såsom begränsade mänskliga resurser, sårbarhet vid naturkatastrofer

På Volvo Lastvagnar i Umeå tillverkas hytter till lastbilar. Volvo har ett attraktivt värdeerbjudande att tillgå. För maximal lönsamhet behöver kund förses med önskad produkt till lägsta möjliga kostnad. Lean-production är en filosofi som är utformad för att skapa största möjliga värde som efterfrågas av kund. Till lägsta möjliga kostnad. Genom att systematiskt minimera slöserier med en standardiserad metodik. I denna studie har lokalt ledarskap och lokala förutsättningar studerats för att kartlägga lokala hinder och utmaningar som hämmar en ökad implementering av Lean-production. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer som berör mönster och värderingar relaterat till Lean-production så ges ökad insikt om dessa hinder och utmaningar i studien. Två olika områden i linjeverksamheten för hyttillverkning har studerats. I varje område har operatörer, teamledare och 3 stycken chefsled intervjuats. Med hjälp av populär Lean-specifik litteratur ges rekommendationer på kartlagda mönster mot ett ökat implementerande. Värderingar och principer som berör Lean är närvarande i verksamheten med blandad insikt och kännedom om det. De individer som deltagit i studien visar att utövandet och kunskapen om Lean är blandad i fallet. Studien visar att ledare som leder med större grad av Lean-mognad präglar sina medarbetare till att själva utöva Lean i en högre grad. Fallstudien visar också att den Lean-mognad som finns i intervjuade individer är homogen. De som visar högre Lean-mognad visar det konsekvent i värderingar och principer. Studien visar också att intervjuade individer är mottagliga för ökad mognad av Lean., At Volvo Trucks in Umeå, cabs for trucks are manufactured. Volvo offers an attractive value proposition, but for maximum profitability, customers need to receive the desired product at the lowest possible cost. Lean production is a philosophy designed to create the greatest value demanded by the customer at the lowest possible cost, by systematically minimizing waste through standardized methods. This study investigates local leadership and conditions to identify obstacles and challenges that hinder the increased implementation of Lean production. Through qualitative interviews focused on patterns and values related to Lean, the study provides insights into these challenges. Two areas within the cab production line operations were examined, with interviews conducted with operators, team leaders, and three levels of management. Recommendations based on popular Lean-specific literature are provided to address the identified patterns and promote increased implementation. Values and principles related to Lean are present within the organization, though the level of understanding and awareness varies. Participants in the study demonstrate mixed levels of Lean practice and knowledge. The study finds that leaders who possess higher Lean maturity tend to influence their teams to practice Lean more effectively. Furthermore, the Lean maturity among the interviewed individuals is consistent, with those demonstrating higher maturity consistently reflecting it in their values and principles. The study also highlights that the individuals interviewed are open to further developing their Lean maturity.

El presente trabajo consiste en el diseño y posterior materialización de un Kit para la Escuela Lean de la Universidad de Valladolid. El trabajo se orienta desde el Lean Manufacturing, empleando distintas herramientas de esta filosofía. En conjunto, se desarrollan de manera trasversal, las áreas de diseño mecánico y fabricación mediante la técnica de impresión 3D. Se analiza el proceso del que formará parte el Kit para entender las necesidades que existen y una vez definido un diseño óptimo de Kit, se procede a la implementación del modelo mediante el software Catia V5, que nos permite iterar en el proceso de modificación de las piezas para lograr solventar los problemas derivados en las limitaciones que se encuentran en la fabricación. Se buscan diferentes técnicas para la materialización del diseño creando prototipos, junto a un diseño final y funcional hecho mediante impresión 3D., The present work involves the design and subsequent materialisation of a Kit for the Escuela Lean of the University of Valladolid. The project is guided by Lean Manufacturing principles, employing various tools from this philosophy. In tandem, the fields of mechanical design and manufacturing are developed transversally using 3D printing technology. The process in which the Kit will be used is analysed to understand existing needs. Once an optimal Kit design is defined, the model is implemented using Catia V5 software, which allows us to iterate through the modification process of the parts to resolve issues stemming from manufacturing limitations. Various techniques are explored to materialise the design, creating prototypes alongside a final, functional design made through 3D printing, Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Grado en Ingeniería en Organización Industrial

In the recent past, a vibrant debate emerged about talent management and the set of skills and competencies the future employees must possess to meet current and future market needs. Moreover, the lack of engineering students’ professional competencies and their inability to correlate and apply the theoretical knowledge they acquire during their studies in practical contexts, when they enter the labour market, lead to an investment in action-oriented learning and experiential learning. In this context, the learning factory concept is being put into practice by universities and companies to equip students and employees with the demanded needs. In this paper, an Industry-University collaboration between Renault company and the University of Valladolid is presented, centred in the development of a learning factory devoted to the learning and practicing of lean manufacturing through a set of training courses offered to engineering students and professionals. The lean factory characteristics as well as the learning process and learning results achieved are presented.

The research aims to investigate the lack of cohesive workflow of production lines within a company, exploring the factors and dynamics at play. It also seeks to analyze the identified issues, focusing on their root causes and potential impacts on operational efficiency. An important aspect of the research is the consideration of value stream mapping (VSM). The methodology is based on a literature review and a single-case study. The literature review, including a systematic review, was conducted to identify existing practices. To explore the research objectives, a case study was performed, examining the industrial implementation and challenges of using the VSM tool. The current state VSM was designed and analyzed, identifying various types of waste within the workflow. Based on this analysis, a future state VSM was recommended to address the inefficiencies. The field of study is well-researched but has a notable gap regarding the application of VSM in complex industrial settings. The research identified inadequacies for using and implementing VSM in organizations, aiming to fill this gap. The research concluded that while there are several benefits to using VSM, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. To bridge these challenges and support decision-making in the improvement process, the study proposes specific recommendations. The study faced limitations, particularly in data collection due to time constraints and validity concerns. The data collection period was limited to less than two months. Additionally, the complexity of the data led to generalizations in the creation of the VSM. This "good enough" approach, however, is not deemed to significantly affect the study's overall validity or reliability. By providing a systematic way of mapping, the research enhances operational efficiency by more efficient use of resources, reduced cycle times, improving process flow, and facilitating better decision-making. These efforts lead to improved overall perfo

With the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution, or Industry 4.0, manufacturing companies in Canada, and elsewhere, have begun investing in a variety of advanced technologies to improve various organizational outcomes, such as improved efficiency, reduced costs, the maximization of output, and to facilitate flexibility in their operations. These technologies, which include the Internet of Things (IoT), cyber-physical systems, data analytics and augmented reality, among others, have a discernable impact on employees. There is limited research on, and a limited focus on, the extent to which these advanced technologies benefit employees. Proponents of Industry 4.0 make several claims to that effect, which are tested. This dissertation uses a mixed-method, multiple case study approach to explore five different claims regarding Industry 4.0 technologies in a manufacturing context: (1) they enhance employee autonomy; (2) they improve training; (3) they improve productivity; (4) they enhance job control; and (5) they improve safety. The role that a formal lean manufacturing program plays regarding the claims is also explored. The study relies on an employee survey to generate quantitative data, and semi-structured employee interviews to generate qualitative data. A critical realist perspective is adopted. Situating the study within a critical realist framework facilitated an analysis of structures, agents, events, actions, and context to identify and explicate the causal mechanisms that inform empirical outcomes and identify emergent themes. The study finds that, through the exploration of three cases, the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies contributes to increased Employee Autonomy (EA), Employee Productivity (EP), Job Control (JC) and Safety Awareness (SA). The study does not support the claim that the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies contributes to increased Training Effectiveness (TE). An examination of semi-structured interviews revealed several common, 2024-06, 2024-04-30T16:32:44Z

Prior literature reviews on combining Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and Lean Production (LP) in production has often described the paradigms as “supportive”, where either “I4.0 supports LP” or “LP supports I4.0”. In this systematic review of 50 studies from this growing area of research, we find evidence of cases where combinations have not been “supportive”. We also find evidence of causal interactions that cannot be subordinated “I4.0 supports LP” nor “LP supports I4.0”, and that plainly go beyond those two categories. Additionally, we find that several studies evaluate the merits of I4.0- and LP combinations without looking at their effects on results in production, which substantially reduces the use of these evaluations to production managers. We encourage future studies to use nomenclature that does not unnecessarily limit the overall perception of the properties of I4.0- and LP combinations, to evaluate the merits of such combinations more in line with the requirements of production managers, and to be more cautious when concluding on causal interactions between I4.0 and LP., Part of ISBN 9783031436611QC 20231012

In Peru, SMEs have been affected by the crisis that caused the COVID 19 pandemic. Likewise, the hard competition with Asian countries like China has been a reason for Peruvian SMEs deciding to work with high-quality products. However, poor machine and maintenance management, high percentage of rework, and excessive downtime are frequent problems faced by SMEs in the metalworking sector. For this reason, the bending area was identified as the most critical. In this study, the case of a Peruvian SME that produces air conditioning products was studied. In this case, the bending area was the most critical. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to prove how the use of lean manufacturing tools can impact the productivity of the bending area, thereby improving indicators such as OEE, cycle time, unnecessary routes, and space reduction.

Working Paper del Departament d’Organització d’Empreses de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. DITS (10/2023), En aquest estudi es proposa una solució al problema de retards en el lliurament de comandes en una empresa de mecanitzats d’alta precisió per al sector aeroespacial, deguts a una manca de control dels processos productius i uns temps d’espera excessius entre operacions. L’objectiu de l’estudi és reduir els terminis de lliurament, augmentar el nombre de comandes lliurades a temps, reduir les cues entre fases del procés productiu, evitar esperes innecessàries del producte i reduir el nombre de treballs en curs. El mètode proposat, conegut com a POLCA (per les seves sigles en anglès, Paired-cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorization), és un sistema que funciona en flux estirat (Pull flow). Incorpora un sistema de targetes que són indicadores de la capacitat aigües avall en el procés productiu. Després de fer l’anàlisi previ per dur a terme la implantació del POLCA i d’estudiar amb detall el funcionament del mètode, es realitza una prova pilot en què es posa a prova la validesa d’aquest sistema en un context de producció de peça única (no seriada). Després de la implantació del POLCA a l’empresa s’obtenen uns resultats satisfactoris en què es millora significativament el flux del procés productiu i s’incrementa el nombre de comandes servides a temps mesurat a través de l’indicador OTD (On-Time Delivery), Preprint

The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies promises to be a very useful tool to optimize processes. It is made up of 9 technologies; On the other hand, there is another tool called Lean Manufacturing (LM), made up of various techniques that are also used to improve process productivity. This research aims to determine the classification and influence of the implementation of LM techniques in the adoption of 4.0 technologies in a multiple case study of 8 manufacturing organizations located in the province of Pichincha. For this purpose, an exploratory transectional non-experimental design with a mixed approach was used. The research tool was a closed survey made up of 3 sections, the data analysis was carried out in the SPSS software where the classification was analyzed with the PEARSON coefficient and ANOVA. It was found that of the 8 companies surveyed, only 25% of them have a medium-high level of implementation of Lean Manufacturing; Likewise, 100% of these present a low level of implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies, the ANOVA analysis 0.01 < 0.05 with 95% confidence demonstrates that there is an influence of the level of implementation of Lean Manufacturing on the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies and the PEARSON coefficient indicates whether there is a significant evaluation between variables., La adopción de las tecnologías de la industria 4.0 promete ser una herramienta muy útil para optimizar procesos, está conformada por 9 tecnologías; por otro lado existe otra herramienta denominada Lean Manufacturing (LM), conformada por diversas técnicas que de igual forma se emplea para mejorar la productividad de procesos. Esta investigación tiene como objeto determinar la correlación e influencia de la implementación de las técnicas LM en la adopción de las tecnologías 4.0 en un estudio de caso múltiple a 8 organizaciones de manufactura ubicadas en la provincia de Pichincha. Para ello se empleó un diseño no experimental transeccional exploratorio con enfoque mixto. La herramienta de investigación fue una encuesta cerrada conformada por 3 secciones, el análisis de datos se realizó en el software SPSS donde se analizó la correlación con el coeficiente de PEARSON y ANOVA. Se encontró que de las 8 empresas encuestadas únicamente el 25% de estas cuentan con un nivel de implementación de Lean Manufacturing medio alto; así mismo el 100% de estas presentan un nivel bajo de implementación de las tecnologías de la industria 4.0, el análisis ANOVA 0,01 < 0,05 con un 95% de confianza demuestra que si existe influencia del nivel de implementación de Lean Manufacturing en la adopción de las tecnologías de la industria 4.0 y el coeficiente de PEARSON indica si hay correlación significativa entre variables

Currently, organizations seek to achieve their objectives and increase productivity, regardless of the sector they are in. The use of lean manufacturing tools allows processes to become efficient. The aim of this work is to present the improved results and increased productivity achieved through the use of the OMAX objective matrix and lean manufacturing tools in a manufacturing SME located in the northern region of Veracruz, Mexico. This work was carried out in three stages, and each stage involved the use of a specific tool to address improvement needs. Some of the tools used included the value stream mapping (VSM), to enhance operating procedures, Quality circles and continuous improvement Kaizen were implemented to enhance operational procedures, a result measured using the OMAX matrix., En la actualidad, las organizaciones buscan el logro de sus objetivos y el incremento de la productividad, sin importar el sector en el que se encuentren, el uso de herramientas de manufactura esbelta permite que los procesos se vuelvan eficientes. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de mejora y el incremento de la productividad a partir del uso de la matriz de objetivos OMAX y herramientas de manufactura esbelta en una Pyme del ramo manufacturero ubicada en el norte del estado de Veracruz, México. Este trabajo se realizó en dos etapas y en cada una de ellas se utilizó una herramienta con base a las necesidades específicas de mejora. Algunas de las herramientas fueron el mapeo de la cadena de valor (VSM), círculos de calidad y mejora continua Kaizen, a fin de mejorar los procedimientos operativos, resultado que fue medido a partir de la matriz OMAX.

The micro y small business is characterized by not keeping a record of its operations, this situation makes more complicated to improve their processes. The aim of this work is to determine the benefits of a proposed method to guide the definition and improvement of processes in the absence of registration. This article presents the integration of SIPOC (Supplier-Inputs-Process-Outputs-Customers) with BPMN (Business Process Model Notion) tools, to map the processes in MSME’s that lack of any documentation whatsoever. Through visits to a service company, the entrepreneur is trained and guided in the use of SIPOC-BPMN tools. The results show that the integration of these tools facilitated for the company manager to explore and identify the processes, followed by their systemic understanding and, finally, waste is identified from de lean perspective to propose an improvement. The study is relevant because it serves companies that require a guide with tools that facilitate their entry into the documentation of their processes., La micro y pequeña empresa se caracteriza por no guardar registro de sus operaciones, situación que complica realizar mejoras en sus procesos y afecta su desempeño. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los beneficios de un método propuesto para guiar la definición y mejora de procesos en ausencia de registro. Mediante visitas a una empresa de servicios se entrena y guía al empresario en el uso de las herramientas SIPOC-BPMN. Los resultados muestran que la integración de estas herramientas permitió la delimitación y de los procesos desde una perspectiva sistémica, permitió identificar los desperdicios desde la perspectiva lean para, finalmente, proponer una mejora. El estudio es relevante porque atiende a empresas que requieren una guía con herramientas que faciliten su incursión en la documentación de sus procesos.

Metrológica S.A is a company dedicated to offering calibration services. Some customers have been dissatisfied with non-conforming services and non-compliance with delivery times in the process of calibrating pressure equipment. The objective of the research was to implement lean manufacturing tools, particularly 5 S; Kaizen; Andon and Kanban as a contribution to improving work productivity. The conduct of a quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study allowed the reduction of calibration cycle time and the failure rate due to delivery of equipment that had not been calibrated. This results in an increase in productivity per day., Resumen Metrológica S.A es una empresa dedicada a ofrecer servicios de calibración. Se han presentado insatisfacciones de algunos clientes por servicios no conformes e incumplimiento de los plazos de entrega, en el proceso de calibración de equipos a presión. El objetivo de la investigación fue implementar las herramientas de lean manufacturing, particularmente 5 S: Kaizen; Andon y Kanban como contribución a la mejora de la productividad del trabajo. La realización de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental, permitió la reducción del tiempo de ciclo de calibración y el índice de incumplimiento por entrega de equipos que no habían sido calibrados que redunda. Lanterior, redunda en incremento en la productividad por día.

Lean manufacturing is gaining popularity among scientific, academic, and business communities; and is considered a valid strategy to generate financial performance and more sustainable finance. However, little is known about the influence of lean manufacturing on financial performance and sustainable finance of firms in the automotive industry. This study explores the relationship between lean manufacturing, financial performance and sustainable finance. The data was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 460 Mexican firms that operate in the automotive industry. The results of the structural equation model (partial least squares) suggest that lean manufacturing have a positive and significant influence on both financial performance and sustainable finance., La manufactura esbelta está ganando popularidad entre las comunidades científica, académica y empresarial, y se considera una estrategia válida para generar rendimiento financiero y finanzas más sostenibles. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre la influencia de la manufactura esbelta en el rendimiento financiero y las finanzas sostenibles de las empresas de la industria automovilística. Este estudio explora la relación entre la manufactura esbelta, el rendimiento financiero y las finanzas sostenibles. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de un cuestionario autoadministrado distribuido a 460 empresas mexicanas que operan en la industria automotriz. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (mínimos cuadrados parciales) sugieren que la manufactura esbelta tiene una influencia positiva y significativa tanto en el desempeño financiero como en las finanzas sustentables.

Metrológica S.A is a company dedicated to offering calibration services. Some customers have been dissatisfied with non-conforming services and non-compliance with delivery times in the process of calibrating pressure equipment. The objective of the research was to implement lean manufacturing tools, particularly 5 S; Kaizen; Andon and Kanban as a contribution to improving work productivity. The conduct of a quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study allowed the reduction of calibration cycle time and the failure rate due to delivery of equipment that had not been calibrated. This results in an increase in productivity per day., Resumen Metrológica S.A es una empresa dedicada a ofrecer servicios de calibración. Se han presentado insatisfacciones de algunos clientes por servicios no conformes e incumplimiento de los plazos de entrega, en el proceso de calibración de equipos a presión. El objetivo de la investigación fue implementar las herramientas de lean manufacturing, particularmente 5 S: Kaizen; Andon y Kanban como contribución a la mejora de la productividad del trabajo. La realización de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental, permitió la reducción del tiempo de ciclo de calibración y el índice de incumplimiento por entrega de equipos que no habían sido calibrados que redunda. Lanterior, redunda en incremento en la productividad por día.

This paper develops and explains step by step how a company used lean accounting tools to identify cost savings and how these savings are integrated into a project investment evaluation. Little is known about the use of lean accounting tools in small and medium-sized companies operating in regional economies of Latin America, and this study is designed to continue expanding our knowledge of the subject. The tool used is value stream mapping and it is shown how it allows to identify cost savings, which is the first stage to calculate the recurring cash flows that is a critical building block of traditional project evaluation tools. This study is based on a real case that links aspects of production method and improvements applying lean manufacturing and financial indicators of the project. The development of the investment project allowed the company under study to improve delivery times, operation safety, production stability, process automation and increase the overall processing capacity of the plant. It also made visible sources of inefficiency in the current process that impacted parts handling, operating costs, rework, and direct labor., Este artigo desenvolve e explica passo a passo como uma empresa utilizou ferramentas de lean accounting para identificar poupanca de custos e como essas poupancas são integradas em uma avaliação de investimento do projeto. Pouco se sabe sobre o uso de ferramentas de lean accounting em pequenas e médias empresas que operam em economias regionais da América Latina, e este estudo é projetado para continuar expandindo nosso conhecimento sobre o assunto. A ferramenta utilizada é o value stream mapping e é mostrado como ele permite identificar a poupanca de custos, que é a primeira etapa para calcular os fluxos de caixa recorrentes que é um alicerce crítico das ferramentas tradicionais de avaliação de projetos. Este estudo é baseado em um caso real que relaciona aspectos do método de produção, e melhorias aplicando lean manufacturing e indicadores financeiros do projeto. O desenvolvimento do projeto de investimento permitiu à empresa em estudo melhorar os prazos de entrega, a segurança da operação, a estabilidade da produção, a automatização dos processos e o aumento da capacidade de processamento da fábrica. Também tornou visíveis fontes de ineficiência no processo atual que impactavam o manuseio de peças, custos operacionais, retrabalho e mão de obra direta., En la presente investigación, se desarrolla y explica paso a paso cómo identificar el ahorro de costos en una empresa que usa lean accounting, y cómo esos ahorros se integran para evaluar un proyecto de inversión. Actualmente, no hay mucha información sobre el uso de herramientas de lean accounting en pequeñas y medianas empresas de economías regionales de América Latina; por ello, este estudio busca seguir expandiendo el conocimiento sobre el tema. Se usó la herramienta value stream mapping, que permite identificar el ahorro de costos. Esta es la primera etapa para calcular los flujos de fondos recurrentes para luego aplicar las herramientas tradicionales de evaluación de proyectos. Este estudio, basado en un caso real, vincula aspectos del método de producción y mejoras aplicando lean manufacturing e indicadores financieros del proyecto. El desarrollo del proyecto de inversión permitió que la empresa que fue objeto de estudio mejore los tiempos de entrega, la seguridad de la operación, la estabilidad productiva, la automatización del proceso y el aumento de la capacidad de procesamiento de la planta a nivel global. También hizo visibles focos de ineficiencia del proceso actual que impactaban en el manipuleo de piezas, los costos de operación, los retrabajos y la mano de obra directa.

After three decades of successful spread of lean production, fundamental practices such as heijunka and jidoka seem rarely mentioned in Spanish forums. This paper explores, through a systematic review of the literature, the scientific production carried out by Spanish researchers related to the heijunka and jidoka methodologies. The papers reveal two strong research streams that allow the technological development of both practices and their application in Industry 4.0. However, further studies are required on industrial settings. The diffusion of both techniques in Spanish manufacturing plants can be felt intuitively, but not enough data are available for their characterization., Acknowledgements. Research funded by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain) though the OPTHEUS project (ref. PGC2018-095080-B-I00), including European Regional Development Funds (ERDF). Many thanks to Dr. Joaquín Bautista., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura::9.5 - Augmentar la investigació científica i millorar la capacitat tecnològica dels sectors industrials de tots els països, en particular els països en desenvolupament, entre d’altres maneres fomentant la innovació i augmentant substancialment, d’aquí al 2030, el nombre de persones que treballen en el camp de la investigació i el desenvolupa­ment per cada milió d’habitants, així com la despesa en investigació i desenvolupament dels sectors públic i privat, Postprint (author's final draft)

[SPA] El presente trabajo ha sido desarrollado en la empresa Schoeller Allibert, multinacional con presencia en más de 30 países y líder mundial en la elaboración de envases reutilizables de plástico para cualquier tipo de sector industrial. Esta empresa consta además con una línea de reciclado, donde los productos que ya no están en óptimas condiciones son triturados para reconvertirlos en nuevos envases con las mismas características que al inicio del proceso. Debido a la alta demanda y al aumento de producción de este material, se ha visto necesario la optimización de toda la línea mediante herramientas de Lean Manufacturing como el Value Stream Mapping o las 5S. En este Trabajo Fin de Grado se propondrán medidas a todos los problemas encontrados y se les llevará un control y seguimiento con un plan de acción para intentar, de esta forma, subsanar todas las carencias encontradas. [ENG] This work has been developed in the company Schoeller Allibert, a multinational with presence in more than 30 countries and world leader in the development of reusable plastic containers for any type of industrial sector. This company also has a recycling line, where products that are not in optimal conditions are grindered to reconvert them into new packaging with the same characteristics as at the beginning of the process. Due to the high demand and the increase in production of this material, it has been necessary to optimize the line using Lean Manufacturing tools such as Value Stream Mapping or 5S. In This Final Degree Project measures will be proposed to all the problems found and they will be controlled and monitored with an action plan to try in this way, to correct all the deficiencies found.

Una de las metodologías más empleadas a nivel de fabricación industrial es la llamada Lean Manufacturing en la cual nos apoyaremos en este trabajo para abordar un caso práctico llevado a cabo en la empresa GAYSA, perteneciente al grupo empresarial FG Group, dedicada a la fabricación de maquinaria agrícola fitosanitaria. En este caso práctico nos centramos en el rediseño de uno de los equipos que se fabrican en la empresa, con el objetivo de aumentar la capacidad de carga del mismo en un contenedor estandarizado de transporte marítimo 40 pies High Cube, consiguiendo de esta manera una mejora significativa en el número de equipos transportados por contenedor con respecto a equipos anteriormente fabricados y de idénticas características aprovechando al máximo el espacio disponible dentro del mismo. En paralelo a esto y siguiendo las bases de la metodología Lean Manufacturing, se llevará a cabo la optimización de los procesos de fabricación del equipo rediseñado, con el objetivo de mejorar tiempos, costos y calidad en los procesos de soldadura, montaje y carga de los equipos.

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se enfoca en analizar y estudiar las diferentes opciones para implementar la filosofía Lean Manufacturing en un entorno industrial. Esta filosofía busca alcanzar la excelencia y la máxima calidad con el mínimo uso de recursos, logrando cambios y mejoras tanto a nivel personal como industrial, lo que en última instancia genera grandes resultados económicos. Para realizar dicho análisis se estudiará la aplicación de Lean Manufacturing mediante el desarrollo de un caso práctico en una empresa del sector de productos de limpieza y de cosmética.

Se realiza la aplicación del método SMED en la línea de enlomado (KM473), perteneciente al área de encuadernación de la empresa Macrolibros S.A, dedicada a la industria de artes gráficas en la ciudad de Valladolid. Como primera medida, se desarrolla un análisis de conceptos relacionados con la filosofía lean, con el objetivo de contextualizar la metodología, su origen y el impacto que genera su aplicación en los procesos. En segundo lugar, se efectúa un diagnóstico de la empresa, para conocer su trayectoria e historia, catálogos de productos, innovación en tecnología y productividad. Posteriormente, se describe la aplicación del SMED en la línea, detallando el proceso productivo efectuado en ella, las actividades desarrolladas antes y durante el cambio de una referencia, la clasificación en internas/externas, las mejoras realizadas y los tiempos finales después de la aplicación de estas. También se realiza un análisis del impacto económico, teniendo en cuenta el costo que se genera por realizar el cambio para la producción en la línea de una referencia en la que se establecen dos escenarios. En estos escenarios se considera el impacto que tiene la cantidad total de horas mensuales empleadas en cambios por el costo/hora de éste, de esta manera se hace un contraste del costo a nivel mensual. El primero se realiza con la duración original y el segundo con la obtenida después de la ejecución del taller. Como resultado, se obtuvo que a través de la externalización de actividades que anteriormente se hacían durante el tiempo de cambio y con el equilibrio de trabajo entre los tres operarios, pasó de tener una duración aproximadamente de 1,1 horas a lograrse en 33 minutos. También, se establecieron los estándares con la determinación de la preparación final de las actividades a realizar por cada operario y se analizaron posibles mejoras que a futuro podrían reducir más este tiempo., The application of the SMED method is carried out on the line (KM473), which is part of the production area of the company Macrolibros S.A, dedicated to the graphic arts industry in the city of Valladolid. As a first step, an analysis of concepts related to the lean philosophy is developed, with the objective of contextualizing the methodology, its origin, and the impact that its application generates in the processes. Secondly, made a diagnosis of the company, to know its trajectory and history, product catalogues, innovation in technology and productivity. The application of the SMED on the line is then described, detailing the production process carried out on it, the activities before and during the change of a reference, the classification in internal/external, the improvements made and the end times of the change after their implementation. At the same time, described an economic study considering the cost generated by making the change for production of one reference in the line and then two scenarios are established, in which the impact of the total amount of monthly hours used in changes for the cost / hour of this, in this way a contrast of the cost is made on a monthly level .The first is performed with the original duration and the second with the result obtained after the execution of the workshop. As a result, it was obtained that through the outsourcing of activities that were previously done during the change time and with the balance of work between the three operators, this had a duration of 1,1 hour to be achieved in 33 minutes. Also, the activity standards were established during the change for each operator and possible improvements that could further reduce this time in the future., Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Máster en Logística

El Lean Manufacturing, es una filosofía de origen japonés, que tiene como objetivo principal la eliminación de los despilfarros en cualquier proceso en el que se implemente, por medio de distintas herramientas que facilitan su aplicación. En la actualidad, muchas empresas de distintos campos productivos buscan implementar el Lean en sus procesos, con la finalidad de lograr una mejora continua, y la eliminación de procesos que no añaden valor. Debido a la importancia que tiene dicha filosofía, principalmente en el sector productivo, el presente proyecto propone el desarrollo de un juego didáctico que aborde los conceptos de distintas herramientas del Lean Manufacturing. El objetivo de que sea mediante un juego didáctico es el de lograr el aprendizaje de conceptos teóricos de una manera práctica, implementando la metodología de aprender jugando, con una mecánica de juego llamada gamificación, la cual pretende utilizar dinámicas de juego con adaptaciones para los conceptos que pretender enseñar. Buscando la facilitación del aprendizaje, así como la participación e involucramiento de los participantes en ello., Lean Manufacturing is a philosophy of Japanese origin, with a main objective for the elimination of waste in any process in which it is implemented, through different tools that facilitate its application. Currently, many companies from different productive fields are looking for implement the Lean philosophy in their processes. In order to achieve continuous improvement, and the elimination of processes that do not add value. Due to the importance of this philosophy, mainly in the productive sector, this project proposes the development of a didactic game that approaches the concepts of different Lean Manufacturing tools. The objective of using a didactic game is to accomplish the learning of theoretical concepts in a practical way, implementing the methodology of learning by playing, with a game mechanic called gamification, which aims to use different game dynamics with adaptations for the concepts that wants to teach. Searching the facilitation of learning, as well as the participation and involvement of the participants in it., Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Máster en Logística

El objetivo de este TFG es ofrecer una herramienta Excel que posibilite la obtención de una solución válida para un problema de estandarización de operaciones rápidamente. Dichos problemas consisten en la asignación de un conjunto de operaciones a la menor cantidad de operarios posible. A pesar de la simplicidad del concepto, estos problemas pueden tornarse bastante complejos, dado el volumen de operaciones u otros factores. Con el fin de desarrollar la herramienta, se comenzará con el marco teórico. Se estudiará el origen del sistema de producción de Toyota y la definición de la metodología Lean, centrándose en aquellos elementos de mayor relación con la estandarización. Finalmente se desarrollará el marco práctico, iniciándose con la formulación del modelo matemático que posibilita la resolución de estos problemas junto su adaptación a Excel. Por último, se explicará la totalidad del código acompañado de un ejemplo de resolución con la herramienta., The aim of this TFG is to offer an Excel tool that would quickly obtain a valid solution for a standardized operations problem. These problems consist of assigning a set of operations to the least number of operators. Despite the simplicity of the concept, these issues can become quite complex given trading volume or other factors. To develop the tool, the standardized operations theoretical framework will be exposed. Introducing this section with the origin of the TPS and the definition of the Lean methodology, focusing on those elements that are more related to standardization. Finally, the practical framework will be developed, beginning with the formulation of the mathematical model that allows the resolution of these problems together with its adaptation to Excel. Lastly, all the code will be explained along with an example of resolution using the tool., Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Grado en Ingeniería en Organización Industrial

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster (TFM) se centra en la creación de un tablero Kanban digital utilizando la herramienta AppSheet, en el contexto de la Escuela Lean. El objetivo principal del proyecto es desarrollar un sistema eficiente de gestión visual que permita mejorar la organización y el seguimiento de los procesos de producción. El tablero Kanban digital es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en la metodología Lean para visualizar el flujo de trabajo y facilitar la colaboración entre los miembros del equipo. Mediante la implementación de esta solución digital, se busca eliminar las limitaciones de los tableros físicos, como la dependencia del espacio físico y las dificultades para compartir la información de manera rápida y efectiva. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se llevó a cabo una investigación exhaustiva sobre los tableros Kanban y se analizaron y definieron las necesidades específicas del proyecto, así como las funcionalidades clave del tablero Kanban digital., The present Master's Thesis (TFM) focuses on the creation of a digital Kanban board using the AppSheet tool, in the context of the Lean School. The main objective of the project is to develop an efficient visual management system that improves the organization and tracking of production processes. The digital Kanban board is a widely used tool in Lean methodology to visualize workflow and facilitate collaboration among team members. By implementing this digital solution, the aim is to eliminate the limitations of physical boards, such as space dependency and difficulties in quickly and effectively sharing information. To achieve this objective, an exhaustive investigation of Kanban boards was carried out, analyzing and defining the specific needs of the project, as well as the key functionalities of the digital Kanban board, Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Máster en Logística

En el presente documento se describe el diseño y programación de unos videojuegos diseñados en Unity que permiten a los usuarios recorrer un modelo de fábrica de Industria 4.0 y trabajar conceptos de la teoría de Lean Manufacturing. En concreto, se ha creado un juego basado en la maqueta de la empresa FischerTechnik en la que el jugador realiza un tour por la fábrica de industria 4.0 desarrollada por dicha empresa. Además, se han desarrollado unos minijuegos interconectados, que integran los conceptos del método Kanban, la filosofía de los cinco ceros y las 5S. El documento describe el desarrollo paso a paso del diseño y programación de estos videojuegos en el leguaje C# de Visual Studio., This document describes the design and programming of video games designed in Unity that allow users to go through an Industry 4.0 factory model and work on Lean Manufacturing theory concepts. Specifically, a game has been created based on the model of the FischerTechnik company in which the player takes a tour of the industry 4.0 factory developed by the company. In addition, some interconnected mini-games have been developed, which integrate the concepts of the Kanban method, the philosophy of the five zeros and the 5S. The document describes the step-by-step development of the design and programming of these video games in the C# language using Visual Studio IDE., Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

Actualment la metodologia lean manufacturing està molt estesa en molts sectors econòmics i productius com a eina per a millorar la productivitat. Aquest estudi té com a principal objectiu analitzar com implantar el lean manufacturing en una cantina d’una empresa situada a Barcelona. Es comença amb un anàlisi de la situació de partida i de l’estat de l’art actual per identificar els elements amb què treballar, per posteriorment aplicar les eines de lean manufacturing i reduir els malbarataments dels diferents processos que es desenvolupen en l’espai estudiat. S’ha observat els empleats per identificar i quantificar en temps i recorregut les tasques que desenvolupen a la cantina. Mitjançant un programa de disseny assistit per ordinador s’han desenvolupat plànols de la zona amb la inclusió dels desplaçaments dels usuaris i amb un full de càlcul s’han analitzat quantitativament les millores respecte la situació actual. Els resultats mostren que l’aplicació de les eines lean permet incrementar l’eficiència dels processos i malgrat que la solució obtinguda no és òptima, es redueixen els malbarataments si s’aplica de forma sistemàtica. La dificultat de la implementació rau en reduir la variabilitat del sistema, ja que és molt gran per la impossibilitat de limitar les eleccions personals dels treballadors en les seves accions a dins la cantina. La solució intenta dissenyar una seqüència d’accions amb recursos localitzats estratègicament per tal d’evitar així que el treballador distorsioni el sistema implantat. Addicionalment, un estudi de riscos i de sostenibilitat s’inclouen en la memòria com a resposta a les noves necessitats a què les organitzacions s’enfronten en l’actualitat., Actualmente, la metodología lean manufacturing está muy extendida en muchos sectores económicos y productivos como herramienta para mejorar la productividad. Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo analizar cómo implantar el lean manufacturing en una cantina de una empresa situada en Barcelona. Se comienza con un análisis de la situación de partida y del estado del arte actual para identificar los elementos con los que trabajar, para posteriormente aplicar las herramientas de lean manufacturing y reducir los desperdicios de los diferentes procesos que se desarrollan en el espacio estudiado. Se ha observado a los empleados para identificar y cuantificar en tiempo y recorrido las tareas que desarrollan en la cantina. Mediante un programa de diseño asistido por ordenador se han desarrollado planos de la zona con la inclusión de los desplazamientos de los usuarios y con una hoja de cálculo se han analizado cuantitativamente las mejoras respecto a la situación actual. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de las herramientas lean permite incrementar la eficiencia de los procesos y aunque la solución obtenida no es óptima, se reducen los desperdicios si se aplica de forma sistemática. La dificultad de la implementación radica en reducir la variabilidad del sistema, ya que es muy grande por la imposibilidad de limitar las elecciones personales de los trabajadores en sus acciones en la cantina. La solución intenta diseñar una secuencia de acciones con recursos localizados estratégicamente para evitar que el trabajador distorsione el sistema implantado. Adicionalmente, un estudio de riesgos y de sostenibilidad se incluyen en la memoria como respuesta a las nuevas necesidades a las que las organizaciones se enfrentan en la actualidad., The lean manufacturing methodology is currently widespread in many economic and productive sectors as means to improve productivity. The main objective of this study is to analyse how to implement lean manufacturing in a canteen of a company located in Barcelona. It starts with an analysis of the initial situation and the current state of the art to identify the elements to work with and in order to subsequently apply lean manufacturing tools, as well as to reduce waste in the different processes that take place in the space studied. Employees have been observed so to identify and quantify the tasks carried out in the canteen in terms of time and distance. Using a computer-aided design software, the drawings of the area have been developed, including the movements of the users, and the results have been quantitatively analysed with respect to the current situation. They show that the application of the lean manufacturing tools allows the efficiency of the processes to be increased and although the solution obtained is not optimal, errors are reduced if it is applied systematically. The difficulty of the implementation lies in reducing the variability of the system, which is very high due to the impossibility of limiting the personal choices of the workers in their own actions within the canteen. The solution attempts to design a sequence of actions with strategically located resources to prevent the worker from distorting the implemented system. In addition, risk and sustainability studies are included in the report as a response to the new needs that organisations are nowadays facing.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate digitalized visual management, with a focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of digital and analogue boards in manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach: The case study of this paper was conducted at two different business units within the same large multinational company, Sandvik. Data was collected through 15 unstructured and semi-structured interviews with managers and machine operators. Findings: More advantages than disadvantages with digital boards were found. Only two disadvantages are absolute, while the other disadvantages can be counteracted to some extent. Originality: Currently there is a shortage of studies exploring advantages and disadvantages of digital boards as visualization tools Research limitations/implications: This paper is based on a single case study focusing on stoppage causes, and thus cannot be fully generalised to all manufacturing companies or all contexts. The actual performance effects of analogue and digital boards were not examined in this paper. Practical implications: The findings are applicable to for managers considering investing in digital boards in manufacturing, to be used for continuous improvement but also for other production-related applications.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate digitalized visual management, with a focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of digital and analogue boards in manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach: The case study of this paper was conducted at two different business units within the same large multinational company, Sandvik. Data was collected through 15 unstructured and semi-structured interviews with managers and machine operators. Findings: More advantages than disadvantages with digital boards were found. Only two disadvantages are absolute, while the other disadvantages can be counteracted to some extent. Originality: Currently there is a shortage of studies exploring advantages and disadvantages of digital boards as visualization tools Research limitations/implications: This paper is based on a single case study focusing on stoppage causes, and thus cannot be fully generalised to all manufacturing companies or all contexts. The actual performance effects of analogue and digital boards were not examined in this paper. Practical implications: The findings are applicable to for managers considering investing in digital boards in manufacturing, to be used for continuous improvement but also for other production-related applications.

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of lean implementation on production cost reduction and the moderating role of lean manufacturing maturity. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a cross-sectional survey, of which the samples were drawn using a cluster sampling procedure from 151 middle and top-level management of medium and large manufacturing companies gathered from the Federation of Manufacturers Malaysia (FMM). Data were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach through SmartPLS4 software. Findings: The result revealed that lean implementation does not leverage production cost reduction as the lean journey requires long-term orientation, which finally leads to valid cost reduction. The moderating role of lean manufacturing maturity was significant and positive in the relationship between lean manufacturing implementation and production cost reduction. Research limitations/implications: Future research should include longitudinal settings as this study is cross-sectional, and future research might put the present model to the test in multiple industries and regions, including a cross-country comparison to improve the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, further studies could extend this study using a mixed-method approach. Practical implications: By offering a holistic perspective, this study expands the existing literature, contributes to knowledge of integrated lean implementation and supports the management in planning their path towards cost-cutting performance. Originality/value: This study answers the inconclusive finding between lean implementation and operational performance in terms of production cost reduction. The study contributes to the body of knowledge and, most importantly, to the practitioners in planning their lean journey, Peer Reviewed

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és l’anàlisi del procés de fabricació d’un tipus de resistències domèstiques per tal de reduir la quantitat de peces defectuoses obtingudes al llarg del conjunt de fases que intervenen. La iniciativa d’aprofundir en aquest tema comença a l’hora d’analitzar les ordres de fabricació que s’entreguen diàriament, on es detecta que hi ha una gran quantitat de peces que, un cop sortides de la última fase de fabricació de la màquina, no compleixen al 100% els criteris de qualitat i no són aptes per servir al client final. Aquestes peces, o bé es poden recuperar a través d’un condicionament mecànic, afegint processos addicionals que fan encarir els costos de fabricació, o bé directament es classifiquen com a defectuoses. A partir de les dades obtingudes al llarg dels últims dos anys, l’anàlisi minuciós del procés fase a fase i mitjançant l’aplicació d’un conjunt d’eines de Lean Manufacturing, s’han trobat les principals causes que provoquen aquesta situació i s’han plantejat propostes de millora a implementar, amb la finalitat d’aconseguir millorar la disponibilitat del producte final, a través de l’augment de la quantitat de peces bones obtingudes a la primera sense haver de forçar a la màquina a fabricar més peces de les inicialment planificades, mitjançant la modificació de paràmetres. Per tal de revertir la situació actual i obtenir una millora dels indicadors de qualitat, les propostes realitzades es focalitzen en tres dels possibles defectes que es poden presentar a l’acabat del producte final: per una banda, en forma d’optimització de les condicions de les eines i màquines i del seu manteniment, i per una altra banda, implementant directament una nova fase a la màquina que executi un condicionament que actualment es realitza manualment, de manera addicional. S’ha realitzat una valoració econòmica en la qual es pressuposta el cost de les millores, la viabilitat del projecte (impacte econòmic) i rendibilitat., El objetivo de este proyecto es el análisis del proceso de fabricación de un tipo de resistencias domésticas con el fin de reducir la cantidad de piezas defectuosas obtenidas a lo largo del conjunto de fases que intervienen. La iniciativa de profundizar en este tema empieza a la hora de analizar las órdenes de fabricación que se entregan diariamente, donde se detecta que hay una gran cantidad de piezas que, una vez salidas de la última fase de fabricación de la máquina, no cumplen al 100% los criterios de calidad y no son aptos para servir al cliente final. Estas piezas, o bien se pueden recuperar a través de un acondicionamiento mecánico, añadiendo procesos adicionales que hacen encarecer los costes de fabricación, o bien directamente se clasifican como defectuosas. A partir de los datos obtenidos a lo largo de los últimos dos años, el análisis minucioso del proceso fase a fase y mediante la aplicación de un conjunto de herramientas de Lean Manufacturing, se han encontrado las principales causas que provocan esta situación y se han planteado propuestas de mejora a implementar, con el fin de conseguir mejorar la disponibilidad del producto final, a través del aumento de la cantidad de piezas buenas obtenidas a la primera sin tener que forzar a la máquina a fabricar más p iezas de las inicialmente planificadas, mediante la modificación de parámetros. Con el fin de revertir la situación actual y obtener una mejora de los indicadores de calidad, las propuestas realizadas se focalizan en tres de los posibles defectos que pueden presentar el acabado del producto final: por un lado, en forma de optimización de las condiciones de las herramientas y máquinas y de su mantenimiento y, por otro lado, implementando directamente una nueva fase a la máquina que ejecute un acondicionamiento que actualmente se realiza manualmente, de manera adicional. Se ha realizado una valoración económica en la cual se presupuesta el coste de las mejoras, la viabilidad del proyecto i rendibilid., The aim of this project is the analysis of the manufacturing process of a type of domestic resistances in order to reduce the number of defective parts obtained throughout the set of phases involved. The initiative to delve deeper into this subject begins when analyzing the manufacturing orders that are delivered daily, where it is detected that there are a large number of parts that, once they come out of the last phase of machine manufacturing, do not meet the 100% quality criteria and are not suitable to serve the end customer. These parts can either be recovered through mechanical conditioning, adding additional processes that make manufacturing costs more expensive, or they are directly classified as defective. Based on the data obtained over the last two years, the detailed analysis of the process phase by phase and through the application of a set of Lean Manufacturing tools, the main causes of this situation have been found and the main causes of this situation have been raised. improvement proposals to be implemented, in order to improve the availability of the final product, by increasing the number of good parts obtained the first time without having to force the machine to manufacture more parts of those initially planned, by modifying parameters. In order to reverse the current situation and obtain an improvement in quality indicators, the proposals made are focused on three of the possible defects that the finish of the final product may present: on the one hand, in the form of optimization of the conditions of the tools and machines and their maintenance and, on the other hand, directly implementing a new phase to the machine that performs conditioning that is currently done manually, additionally. An economic valuation has been carried out in which the cost of the improvements is budgeted, the viability of the project in the form of economic impact and the time necessary for this investment, to be profitable.

En el presente documento se describe el diseño y programación de unos videojuegos diseñados en Unity que permiten a los usuarios recorrer un modelo de fábrica de Industria 4.0 y trabajar conceptos de la teoría de Lean Manufacturing. En concreto, se ha creado un juego basado en la maqueta de la empresa FischerTechnik en la que el jugador realiza un tour por la fábrica de industria 4.0 desarrollada por dicha empresa. Además, se han desarrollado unos minijuegos interconectados, que integran los conceptos del método Kanban, la filosofía de los cinco ceros y las 5S. El documento describe el desarrollo paso a paso del diseño y programación de estos videojuegos en el leguaje C# de Visual Studio., This document describes the design and programming of video games designed in Unity that allow users to go through an Industry 4.0 factory model and work on Lean Manufacturing theory concepts. Specifically, a game has been created based on the model of the FischerTechnik company in which the player takes a tour of the industry 4.0 factory developed by the company. In addition, some interconnected mini-games have been developed, which integrate the concepts of the Kanban method, the philosophy of the five zeros and the 5S. The document describes the step-by-step development of the design and programming of these video games in the C# language using Visual Studio IDE., Departamento de Organización de Empresas y Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

En aquest projecte s’ha dissenyat un procés de millora mitjançant tècniques de la metodologia Lean Manufacturing per tal de gestionar i solucionar els retards produïts en els lliuraments de prototips a la unitat de negoci d’enginyeria d’automoció Next-Mobility, de la companyia Idneo Technologies S.A.U. Aquesta Unitat de Negoci es dedica al disseny i fabricació de dispositius electrònics per a la millora de la connectivitat i la seguretat dels passatgers de l’automòbil. La metodologia Lean té com a objectiu eliminar tota aquella activitat que no afegeix valor al producte des del punt de vista del client. Així, en primer lloc, s’han recercat les diferents eines i tècniques Lean per tal de, posteriorment, aplicar les més adients. A partir d’aquí s’ha començat a treballar en l’aplicació pràctica a la companyia. Primerament, s’ha elaborat una anàlisi de requeriments per tal de determinar les necessitats específiques de l’empresa mitjançant la definició del model de negoci, el disseny d’un mapa de flux de valor (VSM) i la construcció de la matriu de productes i processos. Un cop feta la descripció del procés actual s’ha analitzat mitjançant tècniques Lean per tal d’identificar les causes dels retards; a partir d’aquí s’ha definit un nou procés que els minimitzi. En aquest sentit, també s’ha creat una eina de planificació i seguiment de les tasques per tal de tenir control sobre els resultats del nou procés. Finalment, la darrera fase d’aquest treball ha consistit en la definició del model de gestió a seguir. Així, s’ha començat per definir uns indicadors claus (KPIs) que permetin mesurar quantitativament el rendiment del projecte en termes de compliment d’objectius estratègics i operatius. Per acabar, a partir d’aquests indicadors, s’ha definit un sistema de “reporting” i seguiment a diferents nivells de la companyia, En este proyecto se ha diseñado un proceso de mejora mediante técnicas de la metodología Lean Manufacturing para gestionar y solucionar los retrasos producidos en las entregas de prototipos en la unidad de negocio de ingeniería de automoción Next- Mobility, de la compañía Idneo Technologies S.A.U. Esta Unidad de Negocio se dedica al diseño y fabricación de dispositivos electrónicos para la mejora de la conectividad y la seguridad de los pasajeros del automóvil. La metodología Lean tiene como objetivo eliminar toda aquella actividad que no añade valor al producto desde el punto de vista del cliente. Así, en primer lugar, se han investigado las diferentes herramientas y técnicas Lean para, posteriormente, aplicar las más adecuadas. A partir de aquí se ha comenzado a trabajar en la aplicación práctica a la compañía. Primeramente, se ha elaborado un análisis de requerimientos para determinar las necesidades específicas de la empresa mediante la definición del modelo de negocio, el diseño de un mapa de flujo de valor (VSM) y la construcción de la matriz de productos y procesos. Una vez realizada la descripción del proceso actual se ha analizado mediante técnicas Lean con el objetivo de identificar las causas de los retardos; a partir de aquí se ha definido un nuevo proceso que los minimice. En este sentido, también se ha creado una herramienta de planificación y seguimiento de las tareas para tener control sobre los resultados del nuevo proceso. Finalmente, la última fase de este trabajo ha consistido en la definición del modelo de gestión a seguir. Así, se ha empezado por definir unos indicadores clave (KPIs) que permitan medir cuantitativamente el rendimiento del proyecto en términos de cumplimiento de objetivos estratégicos y operativos. Por último, a partir de estos indicadores, se ha definido un sistema de “reporting” y seguimiento a diferentes niveles de la compañía, In this project, an improvement process has been designed using some techniques of Lean Manufacturing methodology, in order to manage and solve the delays produced in the deliveries of prototypes in the automotive business unit called Next- Mobility, from the company Idneo Technologies S.A.U. This Business Unit works on the design and manufacturing of electronic devices to improve the connectivity and safety of the passengers that are in the automobile. Lean Manufacturing methodology aims to remove all that activity that does not add value to the product from the customer's point of view. Thus, in the first place, different Lean tools and techniques have been researched in order to subsequently apply the most suitable ones. From here, practical application work has begun. First, a requirements analysis has been developed in order to determine the specific needs of the company through the definition of the business model, the design of a value stream map (VSM) and the development of the product matrix and processes. Once the description of the current process has been made, it has been analyzed using Lean techniques in order to identify the causes of delays; from here, a new process has been defined that minimizes them. A task planning and monitoring tool has also been created in order to have control over the results of the new process. Finally, the last phase of this work consisted of the definition of the management model to be followed. Thus, we have begun to define some key indicators (KPIs) that allow us to quantitatively measure the performance of the project in terms of meeting strategic and operational objectives. Finally, based on these indicators, a reporting and monitoring system has been defined at different levels of the company

Currently, organizations constantly seek greater productivity in their processes in order to guarantee their sustainability in the market. The Lean Manufacturing philosophy seeks to eradicate activities that do not add value to the processes and that generate financial losses for companies. In this document, a playful learning strategy is proposed, the purpose of which is to explain a production control system from a lean manufacturing approach known as the Kanban card system. The game was carried out in different settings, such as the Ninth National Meeting of the Iddeal Network and the Third meeting of games in engineering, held at the Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Buga Regional Center. In these spaces, the participation of professionals and students in the training cycle of the industrial engineering program was evidenced. The play was directed by the members of the GLIOSP research seedbed of the same program. Among the most relevant results is the strengthening of the concept of just-in-time philosophy in the participants of the play, while generating a clear path for the implementation of the Kanban card system in production systems., En la actualidad, las organizaciones buscan constantemente una mayor productividad en sus procesos con el fin de garantizar su sostenibilidad en el mercado. La filosofía Lean Manufacturing busca erradicar las actividades que no agregan valor en los procesos y que generan pérdidas financieras para las compañías. En el presente documento se plantea una estrategia lúdica de aprendizaje la cual tiene como finalidad explicar un sistema de control de la producción desde un enfoque de manufactura esbelta conocido como sistema de tarjetas Kanban. La lúdica fue ejecutada en diferentes escenarios como el Noveno Encuentro Nacional de la Red Iddeal y Tercer encuentro de lúdicas en ingeniería, realizado en la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios centro Regional Buga. En dichos espacios se evidenció la participación de profesionales y estudiantes en ciclo formativo del programa de ingeniería industrial. La lúdica fue dirigida por los integrantes del semillero de investigación GLIOSP del mismo programa. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes se encuentra el hecho del fortalecimiento del concepto de la filosofía justo a tiempo en los participantes de la lúdica, al mismo tiempo que se genera una ruta clara de implementación del sistema de tarjetas Kanban en sistemas de producción.

Good management of resources is necessary for an organization, large or small, to remain on par with other competitors, because, nowadays, the level of competitiveness defines the success of an enterprise. In this sense, there are several ways to manage satisfactorily, through different tools and philosophies that can help, if chosen correctly, proving to be useful for achieving objectives aimed at continuous improvement. In this sense, the present study made use of exploratory research, in which the existing problems were surveyed, and also of action research for the necessary insertions, with the objective of implementing the approach of continuous improvement in the processes, through of the Lean Manufacturing approach, in a small company, Arte Mesa da Lili. In order to mitigate the effect caused by wasted waiting, the 5S methodology was applied in conjunction with a new layout in the physical space to obtain greater production efficiency. The use of these tools proved to be relevant, culminating in effective results, as it was possible to notice a better productive use, with a reduction in costs related to the purchase of raw materials, mitigation of the effects caused by the waste of waiting and production in less time, taking into account in view of the significant reduction in the production of napkin holders around 22.3%., Boa gestão de recursos se faz necessária para que uma organização, grande ou pequena, se mantenha no páreo com os demais concorrentes, pois, nos dias de hoje, o nível de competitividade define o sucesso de um empreendimento. Nesse sentido, existem diversas maneiras de gerir de forma satisfatória, mediante ferramentas e filosofias distintas que podem servir de auxílio, se forem escolhidas de forma correta, provando-se úteis para o alcance de objetivos que visam a melhoria contínua. Nessa acepção, o presente estudo fez a utilização de pesquisa exploratória, na qual foi realizado o levantamento dos problemas existentes e, também, de pesquisa-ação para as inserções necessárias, com o objetivo de implementar a abordagem de melhoria contínua nos processos, por meio da abordagem Lean Manufacturing, em uma empresa de pequeno porte, Arte Mesa da Lili. Com o intuito de mitigar o efeito causado pelo desperdício de espera, foi aplicada a metodologia 5S em concomitância com novo arranjo no espaço físico para obter maior eficiência produtiva. A utilização dessas ferramentas se mostrou pertinente, culminando para resultados efetivos, pois foi possível notar um melhor aproveitamento produtivo, com redução de custos relacionados à compra de matéria-prima, mitigação dos efeitos causados pelo desperdício de espera e produção em menor tempo, tendo em vista a redução de forma significativa, cerca de 22,3%, para a produção do porta-guardanapo., Una buena gestión de los recursos es necesaria para que una organización, grande o pequeña, se mantenga a la par de otros competidores, porque, hoy en día, el nivel de competitividad define el éxito de una empresa. En este sentido, existen varias formas de gestionar satisfactoriamente, a través de distintas herramientas y filosofías que pueden ayudar, si se eligen correctamente, demostrando ser útiles para la consecución de objetivos encaminados a la mejora continua. En este sentido, el presente estudio hizo uso de la investigación exploratoria, en la que se relevaron los problemas existentes, y también de la investigación acción para las inserciones necesarias, con el objetivo de implementar el enfoque de mejora continua en los procesos, a través del Lean Manufacturing. acercarse, en una pequeña empresa, Arte Mesa da Lili. Para mitigar el efecto causado por la espera perdida, se aplicó la metodología 5S en conjunto con un nuevo diseño en el espacio físico para obtener una mayor eficiencia productiva. El uso de estas herramientas demostró ser relevante, culminando en resultados efectivos, ya que se pudo notar un mejor aprovechamiento productivo, con reducción de costos relacionados con la compra de materias primas, mitigación de los efectos causados ​​por el desperdicio de espera y producción en menor tiempo, teniendo en cuenta la importante reducción en la producción de servilleteros en torno al 22,3%.