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1. Combining astrometry and JUICE-Europa Clipper radio science to improve the ephemerides of the Galilean moons

Author: Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Magnanini, A. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Zannoni, M. (author), Tortora, P. (author), Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Magnanini, A. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Zannoni, M. (author), and Tortora, P. (author)
Abstract: Context. The upcoming JUICE and Europa Clipper missions targeting Jupiter s Galilean satellites will provide radio science tracking measurements of both spacecraft. Such data are expected to significantly help estimating the moons ephemerides and related dynamical parameters (e.g. tidal dissipation parameters). However, the two missions will yield an imbalanced dataset, with no flybys planned at Io, condensed over less than six years. Current ephemerides solutions for the Galilean moons, on the other hand, rely on ground-based astrometry collected over more than a century which, while being less accurate, bring very valuable constraints on the long-term dynamics of the system. Aims. An improved solution for the Galilean satellites complex dynamics could however be achieved by exploiting the existing synergies between these different observation sets. Methods. To quantify this, we merged simulated radio science data from both JUICE and Europa Clipper spacecraft with existing ground-based astrometric and radar observations, and performed the inversion in different configurations: either adding all available ground observations or individually assessing the contribution of different data subsets. Our discussion specifically focusses on the resulting formal uncertainties in the moons states, as well as Io s and Jupiter s tidal dissipation parameters. Results. Adding astrometry stabilises the moons state solution, especially beyond the missions timelines. It furthermore reduces the uncertainties in 1/Q (inverse of the tidal quality factor) by a factor two to four for Jupiter, and about 30- 35% for Io. Among all data types, classical astrometry data prior to 1960 proved particularly beneficial. Overall, we also show that ground observations of Io add the most to the solution, confirming that ground observations can fill the lack of radio science data for this specific moon. Conclusions. We obtained a noticeable solution improvement when making use of the complementarit, Astrodynamics & Space Missions
Published: 2023
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2. Decoupled and coupled moons' ephemerides estimation strategies -- Application to the JUICE mission

Author: Fayolle, M., Dirkx, D., Lainey, V., Gurvits, L. I., Visser, P. N. A. M., Fayolle, M., Dirkx, D., Lainey, V., Gurvits, L. I., and Visser, P. N. A. M.
Abstract: When reconstructing natural satellites' ephemerides from space missions' tracking data, the dynamics of the spacecraft and natural bodies are often solved for separately, in a decoupled manner. Alternatively, the ephemeris generation and spacecraft orbit determination can be performed concurrently. This method directly maps the available data set to the estimated parameters' covariances while fully accounting for all dynamical couplings. It thus provides a statistically consistent solution to the estimation problem, whereas this is not directly ensured with the decoupled strategy. For the Galilean moons in particular, the JUICE mission provides a unique opportunity for ephemerides improvement. For such a dynamically coupled problem, choosing between the two strategies will be influential. This paper provides a detailed, explicit formulation for the coupled approach, before comparing the performances of the two state estimation methods for the JUICE test case. To this end, we used both decoupled and coupled models on simulated JUICE radiometric data. We compared the resulting covariances for the Galilean moons' states, and showed that the decoupled approach yields slightly lower formal errors for the moons' tangential positions. On the other hand, the coupled model can reduce the state uncertainties by more than one order of magnitude in the radial direction. It also proved more sensitive to the dynamical coupling between Io, Europa and Ganymede, allowing the solutions for the first two moons to fully benefit from JUICE orbital phase around Ganymede. However, many issues remain to be solved before a concurrent estimation strategy can be successfully applied to reconstruct the moons' dynamics over long timescales. Nonetheless, our analysis highlights promising ephemerides improvements and thus motivates future efforts to reach a coupled state solution for the Galilean moons.
Published: 2023
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3. Spacecraft VLBI tracking to enhance stellar occultations astrometry of planetary satellites

Author: Fayolle, M., Lainey, V., Dirkx, D., Gurvits, L. I., Cimo, G., Bolton, S. J., Fayolle, M., Lainey, V., Dirkx, D., Gurvits, L. I., Cimo, G., and Bolton, S. J.
Abstract: Stellar occultations currently provide the most accurate ground-based measurements of the positions of natural satellites (down to a few kilometres for the Galilean moons). However, when using these observations in the calculation of satellite ephemerides, the uncertainty in the planetary ephemerides dominates the error budget of the occultation. We quantify the local refinement in the central planet's position achievable by performing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) tracking of an in-system spacecraft temporally close to an occultation. We demonstrate the potential of using VLBI to enhance the science return of stellar occultations for satellite ephemerides. We identified the most promising observation and tracking opportunities offered by the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter as perfect test cases, for which we ran simulations of our VLBI experiment. VLBI tracking at Juno's perijove close to a stellar occultation locally (in time) reduces the uncertainty in Jupiter's angular position in the sky to 250-400 m. This represents up to an order of magnitude improvement with respect to current solutions and is lower than the stellar occultation error, thus allowing the moon ephemeris solution to fully benefit from the observation. Our simulations showed that the proposed tracking and observation experiment can efficiently use synergies between ground- and space-based observations to enhance the science return on both ends. The reduced error budget for stellar occultations indeed helps to improve the moons' ephemerides, which in turn benefit planetary missions and their science products, such as the recently launched JUICE and upcoming Europa Clipper missions.
Published: 2023
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4. Combining astrometry and JUICE -- Europa Clipper radio science to improve the ephemerides of the Galilean moons

Author: Fayolle, M., Magnanini, A., Lainey, V., Dirkx, D., Zannoni, M., Tortora, P., Fayolle, M., Magnanini, A., Lainey, V., Dirkx, D., Zannoni, M., and Tortora, P.
Abstract: The upcoming JUICE and Europa Clipper missions to Jupiter's Galilean satellites will provide radio science tracking measurements of both spacecraft. Such data are expected to significantly help estimating the moons' ephemerides and related dynamical parameters. However, the two missions will yield an imbalanced dataset, with no flybys planned at Io, condensed over less than six years. Current ephemerides' solutions for the Galilean moons, on the other hand, rely on ground-based astrometry collected over more than a century which, while being less accurate, bring very valuable constraints on the long-term dynamics of the system. An improved solution for the Galilean satellites' complex dynamics could however be achieved by exploiting the existing synergies between these different observation sets. To quantify this, we merged simulated JUICE and Clipper radio science data with existing ground-based astrometric and radar observations, and performed the inversion. Our study specifically focusses on the resulting formal uncertainties in the moons' states, as well as Io's and Jupiter's tidal dissipation parameters. Adding astrometry stabilises the moons' state solution, especially beyond the missions' timelines. It furthermore reduces the uncertainties in $1/Q$ (inverse of the tidal quality factor) by a factor two to four for Jupiter, and about 30-35\% for Io. Among all data types, classical astrometry data prior to 1960 proved particularly beneficial. We also show that ground observations of Io add the most to the solution, confirming that ground observations can fill the lack of radio science data for this specific moon. We obtained a noticeable solution improvement when exploiting the complementarity between all different observation sets. These promising simulation results thus motivate future efforts to achieve a global solution from actual JUICE and Clipper radio science data.
Published: 2023
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5. Analytical framework for mutual approximations -- Derivation and application to Jovian satellites

Author: Fayolle, M., Dirkx, D., Visser, P. N. A. M., Lainey, V., Fayolle, M., Dirkx, D., Visser, P. N. A. M., and Lainey, V.
Abstract: The apparent close encounters of two satellites in the plane of the sky, called mutual approximations, have been suggested as a different type of astrometric observation to refine the moons' ephemerides. The main observables are the central instants of the close encounters, which have the advantage of being free of any scaling and orientation errors. However, no analytical formulation is available yet for the partials of these central instants, leaving numerical approaches or alternative observables (e.g. derivatives of the apparent distance) as options. Filling that gap, this paper develops an analytical method to include central instants as direct observables in the ephemerides estimation and assesses the quality of the resulting solution. To this end, we ran a covariance analysis to compare the estimated solutions obtained with the two types of observables (central instants versus alternative observables), using the Galilean moons of Jupiter as a test case. Alternative observables can be equivalent to central instants in most cases. However, obtaining consistent solutions between the two observable types requires to accurately weigh each alternative observable individually, based on each mutual approximation's characteristics. In that case, using central instants still yields a small improvement of 10-20% of the formal errors in the radial and normal directions (RSW frame), compared to the alternative observables' solution. This improvement increases for mutual approximations with low impact parameters and large impact velocities. Choosing between the two observables thus requires careful assessment based on the characteristics of the available observations. Using central instants over alternative observables ensures that the state estimation fully benefits from the information encoded in mutual approximations, which can be desirable for certain applications.
Published: 2023
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6. Spacecraft VLBI tracking to enhance stellar occultations astrometry of planetary satellites

Author: Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), Cimo, G. (author), Bolton, S. J. (author), Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), Cimo, G. (author), and Bolton, S. J. (author)
Abstract: Context. Stellar occultations currently provide the most accurate ground-based measurements of the positions of natural satellites (down to a few kilometres for the Galilean moons). However, when using these observations in the calculation of satellite ephemerides, the uncertainty in the planetary ephemerides dominates the error budget of the occultation. Aims. We quantify the local refinement in the central planet's position achievable by performing Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) tracking of an in-system spacecraft temporally close to an occultation. We demonstrate the potential of using VLBI to enhance the science return of stellar occultations for satellite ephemerides. Methods. We identified the most promising observation and tracking opportunities offered by the Juno spacecraft around Jupiter as perfect test cases, for which we ran simulations of our VLBI experiment. Results. VLBI tracking at Juno's perijove close to a stellar occultation locally (in time) reduces the uncertainty in Jupiter's angular position in the sky to 250-400 m. This represents up to an order of magnitude improvement with respect to current solutions and is lower than the stellar occultation error, thus allowing the moon ephemeris solution to fully benefit from the observation. Conclusions. Our simulations showed that the proposed tracking and observation experiment can efficiently use synergies between ground- and space-based observations to enhance the science return on both ends. The reduced error budget for stellar occultations indeed helps to improve the moons'ephemerides, which in turn benefit planetary missions and their science products, such as the recently launched JUICE and upcoming Europa Clipper missions., Astrodynamics & Space Missions
Published: 2023
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7. Milliarcsecond astrometry for the Galilean moons using stellar occultations

Author: Morgado, B. E., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Braga-Ribas, F., Vieira-Martins, R., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., D'aversa, E., Dunham, D., Moore, J., Baillié, K., Herald, D., Assafin, M., Sicardy, B., Aoki, S., Bardecker, J., Barton, J., Blank, T., Bruns, D., Carlson, N., Carlson, R. W., Cobble, K., Dunham, J., Eisfeldt, D., Emilio, M., Jacques, C., Hinse, T. C., Kim, Y., Malacarne, M., Maley, P. D., Maury, A., Meza, E., Oliva, F., Orton, G. S., Pereira, C. L., Person, M., Plainaki, C., Sfair, R., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Sussenbach, E., Stuart, P., Vrolijk, J., Winter, O. C., Morgado, B. E., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Braga-Ribas, F., Vieira-Martins, R., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., D'aversa, E., Dunham, D., Moore, J., Baillié, K., Herald, D., Assafin, M., Sicardy, B., Aoki, S., Bardecker, J., Barton, J., Blank, T., Bruns, D., Carlson, N., Carlson, R. W., Cobble, K., Dunham, J., Eisfeldt, D., Emilio, M., Jacques, C., Hinse, T. C., Kim, Y., Malacarne, M., Maley, P. D., Maury, A., Meza, E., Oliva, F., Orton, G. S., Pereira, C. L., Person, M., Plainaki, C., Sfair, R., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Sussenbach, E., Stuart, P., Vrolijk, J., and Winter, O. C.
Abstract: A stellar occultation occurs when a Solar System object passes in front of a star for an observer. This technique allows the determination of sizes and shapes of the occulting body with kilometer precision. Also, this technique constrains the occulting body's positions, albedos, densities, etc. In the context of the Galilean moons, these events can provide their best ground-based astrometry, with uncertainties in the order of 1 mas ($\sim$ 3 km at Jupiter's distance during opposition). We organized campaigns and successfully observed a stellar occultation by Io (JI) in 2021, one by Ganymede (JIII) in 2020, and one by Europa (JII) in 2019, with stations in North and South America. Also, we re-analyzed two previously published events, one by Europa in 2016 and another by Ganymede in 2017. Then, we fit the known 3D shape of the occulting satellite and determine its center of figure. That resulted in astrometric positions with uncertainties in the milliarcsecond level. The positions obtained from these stellar occultations can be used together with dynamical models to ensure highly accurate orbits of the Galilean moons. These orbits can help plan future space probes aiming at the Jovian system, such as JUICE by ESA and Europa Clipper by NASA, and allow more efficient planning of flyby maneuvers., Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures, Accepted on March 14, 2022 for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2022

8. Decoupled and coupled moons’ ephemerides estimation strategies application to the JUICE mission

Author: Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), Visser, P.N.A.M. (author), Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Gurvits, L. (author), and Visser, P.N.A.M. (author)
Abstract: When reconstructing natural satellites' ephemerides from space missions' tracking data, the dynamics of the spacecraft and natural bodies are often solved for separately, in a decoupled manner. Alternatively, the ephemeris generation and spacecraft orbit determination can be performed concurrently. This method directly maps the available data set to the estimated parameters' covariances while fully accounting for all dynamical couplings. It thus provides a statistically consistent solution to the estimation problem, whereas this is not directly ensured with the decoupled strategy. For the Galilean moons in particular, the JUICE mission provides a unique, although challenging, opportunity for ephemerides improvement. For such a dynamically coupled problem, choosing between the two state estimation strategies will be influential. This paper quantifies the Galilean moons' state uncertainties attainable when applying a coupled estimation strategy to simulated JUICE data, and discusses the challenges that remain to be addressed to achieve such a coupled solution from real observations. We first provide a detailed, explicit formulation for the coupled approach, which was still missing in the literature although already used in past studies. We then assessed the relative performances of the two ephemerides generation techniques for the JUICE test case. To this end, we used both decoupled and coupled models on simulated JUICE radiometric data. We compared the resulting covariances for the Galilean moons' states, and showed that the decoupled approach yields slightly lower formal errors for the moons' tangential positions. However, the coupled model can reduce the state uncertainties by more than one order of magnitude in the radial direction (i.e. towards the central body). It also proved more sensitive to the dynamical coupling between Io, Europa and Ganymede, allowing the state solutions for the first two moons to fully benefit from JUICE orbital phase around Ganymede., Astrodynamics & Space Missions, Space Engineering
Published: 2022
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9. Complementary astrometry of Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem Images of Phoebe

Author: Zhang, Q. F., Qin, W. H., Ma, Y. L., Lainey, V., Cooper, N. J., Rambaux, N., Li, Y., Zhu, W. H., Zhang, Q. F., Qin, W. H., Ma, Y. L., Lainey, V., Cooper, N. J., Rambaux, N., Li, Y., and Zhu, W. H.
Abstract: Phoebe is the only major satellite of Saturn with a retrograde orbit. The Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) took a lot of Phoebe images between 2004 and 2017, but only a selection of them has been reduced. In this paper, we reduced the remaining ISS images of Phoebe. In the reduction, the Gaia EDR3 catalogue was used to provide the reference stars' positions, and the modified moment was used to measure the centre of image stars and Phoebe. Finally, a total of 834 ISS images of Phoebe have been reduced successfully. Compared with the JPL ephemeris SAT375, Phoebe's positions are consistent. The average residuals in the right ascension and declination are 0.08" and $-0.05$", and the standard deviations of the residuals are about 0.2". In terms of residuals in linear units, the means in the right ascension and declination are about 5 km and $-2$ km, respectively; The standard deviations are about 11 km. Compared with the JPL ephemeris SAT427 and IMCCE ephemeris PH20, our measurements show a strong bias and a large dispersion., Comment: 8 Pages, 5 figures, Journal article
Published: 2022
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10. Milliarcsecond astrometry for the Galilean moons using stellar occultations

Author: Morgado, B. E., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Braga-Ribas, F., Vieira-Martins, R., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., D'aversa, E., Dunham, D., Moore, J., Baillié, K., Herald, D., Assafin, M., Sicardy, B., Aoki, S., Bardecker, J., Barton, J., Blank, T., Bruns, D., Carlson, N., Carlson, R. W., Cobble, K., Dunham, J., Eisfeldt, D., Emilio, M., Jacques, C., Hinse, T. C., Kim, Y., Malacarne, M., Maley, P. D., Maury, A., Meza, E., Oliva, F., Orton, G. S., Pereira, C. L., Person, M., Plainaki, C., Sfair, R., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Sussenbach, E., Stuart, P., Vrolijk, J., Winter, O. C., Morgado, B. E., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Braga-Ribas, F., Vieira-Martins, R., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., D'aversa, E., Dunham, D., Moore, J., Baillié, K., Herald, D., Assafin, M., Sicardy, B., Aoki, S., Bardecker, J., Barton, J., Blank, T., Bruns, D., Carlson, N., Carlson, R. W., Cobble, K., Dunham, J., Eisfeldt, D., Emilio, M., Jacques, C., Hinse, T. C., Kim, Y., Malacarne, M., Maley, P. D., Maury, A., Meza, E., Oliva, F., Orton, G. S., Pereira, C. L., Person, M., Plainaki, C., Sfair, R., Sindoni, G., Smith, M., Sussenbach, E., Stuart, P., Vrolijk, J., and Winter, O. C.
Abstract: A stellar occultation occurs when a Solar System object passes in front of a star for an observer. This technique allows the determination of sizes and shapes of the occulting body with kilometer precision. Also, this technique constrains the occulting body's positions, albedos, densities, etc. In the context of the Galilean moons, these events can provide their best ground-based astrometry, with uncertainties in the order of 1 mas ($\sim$ 3 km at Jupiter's distance during opposition). We organized campaigns and successfully observed a stellar occultation by Io (JI) in 2021, one by Ganymede (JIII) in 2020, and one by Europa (JII) in 2019, with stations in North and South America. Also, we re-analyzed two previously published events, one by Europa in 2016 and another by Ganymede in 2017. Then, we fit the known 3D shape of the occulting satellite and determine its center of figure. That resulted in astrometric positions with uncertainties in the milliarcsecond level. The positions obtained from these stellar occultations can be used together with dynamical models to ensure highly accurate orbits of the Galilean moons. These orbits can help plan future space probes aiming at the Jovian system, such as JUICE by ESA and Europa Clipper by NASA, and allow more efficient planning of flyby maneuvers., Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures, Accepted on March 14, 2022 for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Analytical framework for mutual approximations: Derivation and application to Jovian satellites

Author: Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Visser, P.N.A.M. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Visser, P.N.A.M. (author), and Lainey, V. (author)
Abstract: Context. The apparent close encounters of two satellites in the plane of the sky, called mutual approximations, have been suggested as a different type of astrometric observation to refine the moons' ephemerides. The main observables are then the central instants of the close encounters, which have the advantage of being free of any scaling and orientation errors. However, no analytical formulation is available yet for the observation partials of these central instants, leaving numerical approaches or alternative observables (i.e. derivatives of the apparent distance instead of central instants) as options. Aims. Filling that gap, this paper develops an analytical method to include central instants as direct observables in the ephemerides estimation and assesses the quality of the resulting solution. Methods. To this end, the apparent relative position between the two satellites is approximated by a second-order polynomial near the close encounter. This eventually leads to an expression for mutual approximations' central instants as a function of the apparent relative position, velocity, and acceleration between the two satellites. Results. The resulting analytical expressions for the central instant partials were validated numerically. In addition, we ran a covariance analysis to compare the estimated solutions obtained with the two types of observables (central instants versus alternative observables), using the Galilean moons of Jupiter as a test case. Our analysis shows that alternative observables are almost equivalent to central instants in most cases. Accurate individual weighting of each alternative observable, accounting for the mutual approximation's characteristics (which are automatically included in the central instants' definition), is however crucial to obtain consistent solutions between the two observable types. Using central instants still yields a small improvement of 10-20% of the formal errors in the radial and normal directions (RSW frame), Astrodynamics & Space Missions, Space Engineering
Published: 2021
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12. Enceladus as a potential oasis for life:science goals and investigations for future explorations

Author: Choblet, G. (Gaël), Tobie, G. (Gabriel), Buch, A. (Arnaud), Čadek, O. (Ondrej), Barge, L. M. (Laura M.), Bēhounková, M. (Marie), Camprubi, E. (Eloi), Freissinet, C. (Caroline), Hedman, M. (Matt), Jones, G. (Geraint), Lainey, V. (Valery), Le Gall, A. (Alice), Lucchetti, A. (Alice), MacKenzie, S. (Shannon), Mitri, G. (Giuseppe), Neveu, M. (Marc), Nimmo, F. (Francis), Olsson-Francis, K. (Karen), Panning, M. (Mark), Postberg, F. (Frank), Saur, J. (Joachim), Schmidt, J. (Jürgen), Sekine, Y. (Yasuhito), Shibuya, T. (Takazo), Sotin, C. (Christophe), Soucek, O. (Ondrej), Szopa, C. (Cyril), Usui, T. (Tomohiro), Vance, S. (Steven), Van Hoolst, T. (Tim), Choblet, G. (Gaël), Tobie, G. (Gabriel), Buch, A. (Arnaud), Čadek, O. (Ondrej), Barge, L. M. (Laura M.), Bēhounková, M. (Marie), Camprubi, E. (Eloi), Freissinet, C. (Caroline), Hedman, M. (Matt), Jones, G. (Geraint), Lainey, V. (Valery), Le Gall, A. (Alice), Lucchetti, A. (Alice), MacKenzie, S. (Shannon), Mitri, G. (Giuseppe), Neveu, M. (Marc), Nimmo, F. (Francis), Olsson-Francis, K. (Karen), Panning, M. (Mark), Postberg, F. (Frank), Saur, J. (Joachim), Schmidt, J. (Jürgen), Sekine, Y. (Yasuhito), Shibuya, T. (Takazo), Sotin, C. (Christophe), Soucek, O. (Ondrej), Szopa, C. (Cyril), Usui, T. (Tomohiro), Vance, S. (Steven), and Van Hoolst, T. (Tim)
Abstract: Enceladus is the first planetary object for which direct sampling of a subsurface water reservoir, likely habitable, has been performed. Over a decade of flybys and seven flythroughs of its watery plume, the Cassini spacecraft determined that Enceladus possesses all the ingredients for life. The existence of active eruptions blasting fresh water into space, makes Enceladus the easiest target in the search for life elsewhere in the Solar System. Flying again through the plume with more advanced instruments, landing at the surface near active sources and collecting a sample for return to Earth are the natural next steps for assessing whether life emerges in this active world. Characterizing this habitable world also requires detailed mapping and monitoring of its tidally-induced activity, from the orbit as well as from the surface using complementary platforms. Such ambitious goals may be achieved in the future in the framework of ESA large or medium-class missions in partnership with other international agencies, in the same spirit of the successful Cassini-Huygens mission. For all these reasons, exploring habitable ocean worlds, with Enceladus as a primary target, should be a priority topic of the ESA Voyage 2050 programme.
Published: 2021

13. Analytical framework for mutual approximations: Derivation and application to Jovian satellites

Author: Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Visser, P.N.A.M. (author), Lainey, V. (author), Fayolle-Chambe, M.S. (author), Dirkx, D. (author), Visser, P.N.A.M. (author), and Lainey, V. (author)
Abstract: Context. The apparent close encounters of two satellites in the plane of the sky, called mutual approximations, have been suggested as a different type of astrometric observation to refine the moons' ephemerides. The main observables are then the central instants of the close encounters, which have the advantage of being free of any scaling and orientation errors. However, no analytical formulation is available yet for the observation partials of these central instants, leaving numerical approaches or alternative observables (i.e. derivatives of the apparent distance instead of central instants) as options. Aims. Filling that gap, this paper develops an analytical method to include central instants as direct observables in the ephemerides estimation and assesses the quality of the resulting solution. Methods. To this end, the apparent relative position between the two satellites is approximated by a second-order polynomial near the close encounter. This eventually leads to an expression for mutual approximations' central instants as a function of the apparent relative position, velocity, and acceleration between the two satellites. Results. The resulting analytical expressions for the central instant partials were validated numerically. In addition, we ran a covariance analysis to compare the estimated solutions obtained with the two types of observables (central instants versus alternative observables), using the Galilean moons of Jupiter as a test case. Our analysis shows that alternative observables are almost equivalent to central instants in most cases. Accurate individual weighting of each alternative observable, accounting for the mutual approximation's characteristics (which are automatically included in the central instants' definition), is however crucial to obtain consistent solutions between the two observable types. Using central instants still yields a small improvement of 10-20% of the formal errors in the radial and normal directions (RSW frame), Astrodynamics & Space Missions, Space Engineering
Published: 2021
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14. Mars moon ephemerides after 14 years of Mars Express data

Author: Lainey, V., Pasewaldt, A., Robert, V., Rosenblatt, P., Jaumann, R., Oberst, J., Roatsch, T., Willner, K., Ziese, R., Thuillot, W., Lainey, V., Pasewaldt, A., Robert, V., Rosenblatt, P., Jaumann, R., Oberst, J., Roatsch, T., Willner, K., Ziese, R., and Thuillot, W.
Abstract: The Mars Express (MEX) mission has been successfully operated around Mars since 2004. Among many results, MEX has provided some of the most accurate astrometric data of the two Mars moons, Phobos and Deimos. In this work we present new ephemerides of Mars' moons benefitting from all previously published astrometric data to the most recent MEX SRC data. All in all, observations from 1877 until 2018 and including spacecraft measurements from Mariner 9 to MEX were included. Assuming a homogeneous interior, we fitted Phobos' forced libration amplitude simultaneously with the Martian tidal k2/Q ratio and the initial state of the moons. Our solution of the physical libration 1.09 +/- 0.01 degrees deviates notably from the homogeneous solution. But considering the very low error bar, this may essentially suggest the necessity to consider higher order harmonics, with an improved rotation model, in the future. While most data could be successfully fitted, we found a disagreement between the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and the Mars Express astrometric data at the kilometer level probably associated with a biased phase correction. The present solution precision is expected at the level of a few hundreds of meters for Phobos and several hundreds of meters for Deimos for the coming years. The real accuracy of our new ephemerides will have to be confirmed by confrontation with independent observational means., Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2020
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15. First stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa and upcoming events between 2019 and 2021

Author: Morgado, B., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Lainey, V., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Boufleur, R. C., Fabrega, J., Machado, D. I., Maury, A., Trabuco, L. L., de Barros, J. R., Cacella, P., Crispim, A., Jaques, C., Navas, G. Y., Pimentel, E., Rommel, F. L., de Santana, T., Schoenell, W., Sfair, R., Winter, O. C., Morgado, B., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Lainey, V., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Boufleur, R. C., Fabrega, J., Machado, D. I., Maury, A., Trabuco, L. L., de Barros, J. R., Cacella, P., Crispim, A., Jaques, C., Navas, G. Y., Pimentel, E., Rommel, F. L., de Santana, T., Schoenell, W., Sfair, R., and Winter, O. C.
Abstract: Context. Bright stellar positions are now known with an uncertainty below 1 mas thanks to Gaia DR2. Between 2019-2020, the Galactic plane will be the background of Jupiter. The dense stellar background will lead to an increase in the number of occultations, while the Gaia DR2 catalogue will reduce the prediction uncertainties for the shadow path. Aims. We observed a stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa (J2) and propose a campaign for observing stellar occultations for all Galilean moons. Methods. During a predicted period of time, we measured the light flux of the occulted star and the object to determine the time when the flux dropped with respect to one or more reference stars, and the time that it rose again for each observational station. The chords obtained from these observations allowed us to determine apparent sizes, oblatness, and positions with kilometre accuracy. Results. We present results obtained from the first stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa observed on 2017 March 31. The apparent fitted ellipse presents an equivalent radius of 1561.2 $\pm$ 3.6 km and oblatenesses 0.0010 $\pm$ 0.0028. A very precise Europa position was determined with an uncertainty of 0.8 mas. We also present prospects for a campaign to observe the future events that will occur between 2019 and 2021 for all Galilean moons. Conclusions. Stellar occultation is a suitable technique for obtaining physical parameters and highly accurate positions of bright satellites close to their primary. A number of successful events can render the 3D shapes of the Galilean moons with high accuracy. We encourage the observational community (amateurs included) to observe the future predicted events., Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, A&A Letter doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935500
Published: 2019
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16. First stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa and upcoming events between 2019 and 2021

Author: Morgado, B., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Lainey, V., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Boufleur, R. C., Fabrega, J., Machado, D. I., Maury, A., Trabuco, L. L., de Barros, J. R., Cacella, P., Crispim, A., Jaques, C., Navas, G. Y., Pimentel, E., Rommel, F. L., de Santana, T., Schoenell, W., Sfair, R., Winter, O. C., Morgado, B., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Lainey, V., Vieira-Martins, R., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Boufleur, R. C., Fabrega, J., Machado, D. I., Maury, A., Trabuco, L. L., de Barros, J. R., Cacella, P., Crispim, A., Jaques, C., Navas, G. Y., Pimentel, E., Rommel, F. L., de Santana, T., Schoenell, W., Sfair, R., and Winter, O. C.
Abstract: Context. Bright stellar positions are now known with an uncertainty below 1 mas thanks to Gaia DR2. Between 2019-2020, the Galactic plane will be the background of Jupiter. The dense stellar background will lead to an increase in the number of occultations, while the Gaia DR2 catalogue will reduce the prediction uncertainties for the shadow path. Aims. We observed a stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa (J2) and propose a campaign for observing stellar occultations for all Galilean moons. Methods. During a predicted period of time, we measured the light flux of the occulted star and the object to determine the time when the flux dropped with respect to one or more reference stars, and the time that it rose again for each observational station. The chords obtained from these observations allowed us to determine apparent sizes, oblatness, and positions with kilometre accuracy. Results. We present results obtained from the first stellar occultation by the Galilean moon Europa observed on 2017 March 31. The apparent fitted ellipse presents an equivalent radius of 1561.2 $\pm$ 3.6 km and oblatenesses 0.0010 $\pm$ 0.0028. A very precise Europa position was determined with an uncertainty of 0.8 mas. We also present prospects for a campaign to observe the future events that will occur between 2019 and 2021 for all Galilean moons. Conclusions. Stellar occultation is a suitable technique for obtaining physical parameters and highly accurate positions of bright satellites close to their primary. A number of successful events can render the 3D shapes of the Galilean moons with high accuracy. We encourage the observational community (amateurs included) to observe the future predicted events., Comment: 10 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, A&A Letter doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935500
Published: 2019
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17. The PHEMU15 catalogue and astrometric results of the Jupiter's Galilean satellite mutual occultation and eclipse observations made in 2014-2015

Author: Saquet, E. Emelyanov, N. Robert, V. Arlot, J.-E. Anbazhagan, P. Baillié, K. Bardecker, J. Berezhnoy, A.A. Bretton, M. Campos, F. Capannoli, L. Carry, B. Castet, M. Charbonnier, Y. Chernikov, M.M. Christou, A. Colas, F. Coliac, J.-F. Dangl, G. Dechambre, O. Delcroix, M. Dias-Oliveira, A. Drillaud, C. Duchemin, Y. Dunford, R. Dupouy, P. Ellington, C. Fabre, P. Filippov, V.A. Finnegan, J. Foglia, S. Font, D. Gaillard, B. Galli, G. Garlitz, J. Gasmi, A. Gaspar, H.S. Gault, D. Gazeas, K. George, T. Gorda, S.Y. Gorshanov, D.L. Gualdoni, C. Guhl, K. Halir, K. Hanna, W. Henry, X. Herald, D. Houdin, G. Ito, Y. Izmailov, I.S. Jacobsen, J. Jones, A. Kamoun, S. Kardasis, E. Karimov, A.M. Khovritchev, M.Y. Kulikova, A.M. Laborde, J. Lainey, V. Lavayssiere, M. Le Guen, P. Leroy, A. Loader, B. Lopez, O.C. Lyashenko, A.Y. Lyssenko, P.G. Machado, D.I. Maigurova, N. Manek, J. Marchini, A. Midavaine, T. Montier, J. Morgado, B.E. Naumov, K.N. Nedelcu, A. Newman, J. Ohlert, J.M. Oksanen, A. Pavlov, H. Petrescu, E. Pomazan, A. Popescu, M. Pratt, A. Raskhozhev, V.N. Resch, J.-M. Robilliard, D. Roschina, E. Rothenberg, E. Rottenborn, M. Rusov, S.A. Saby, F. Saya, L.F. Selvakumar, G. Signoret, F. Slesarenko, V.Y. Sokov, E.N. Soldateschi, J. Sonka, A. Soulie, G. Talbot, J. Tejfel, V.G. Thuillot, W. Timerson, B. Toma, R. Torsellini, S. Trabuco, L.L. Traverse, P. Tsamis, V. Unwin, M. Van Den Abbeel, F. Vandenbruaene, H. Vasundhara, R. Velikodsky, Y.I. Vienne, A. Vilar, J. Vugnon, J.-M. Wuensche, N. Zeleny, P. and Saquet, E. Emelyanov, N. Robert, V. Arlot, J.-E. Anbazhagan, P. Baillié, K. Bardecker, J. Berezhnoy, A.A. Bretton, M. Campos, F. Capannoli, L. Carry, B. Castet, M. Charbonnier, Y. Chernikov, M.M. Christou, A. Colas, F. Coliac, J.-F. Dangl, G. Dechambre, O. Delcroix, M. Dias-Oliveira, A. Drillaud, C. Duchemin, Y. Dunford, R. Dupouy, P. Ellington, C. Fabre, P. Filippov, V.A. Finnegan, J. Foglia, S. Font, D. Gaillard, B. Galli, G. Garlitz, J. Gasmi, A. Gaspar, H.S. Gault, D. Gazeas, K. George, T. Gorda, S.Y. Gorshanov, D.L. Gualdoni, C. Guhl, K. Halir, K. Hanna, W. Henry, X. Herald, D. Houdin, G. Ito, Y. Izmailov, I.S. Jacobsen, J. Jones, A. Kamoun, S. Kardasis, E. Karimov, A.M. Khovritchev, M.Y. Kulikova, A.M. Laborde, J. Lainey, V. Lavayssiere, M. Le Guen, P. Leroy, A. Loader, B. Lopez, O.C. Lyashenko, A.Y. Lyssenko, P.G. Machado, D.I. Maigurova, N. Manek, J. Marchini, A. Midavaine, T. Montier, J. Morgado, B.E. Naumov, K.N. Nedelcu, A. Newman, J. Ohlert, J.M. Oksanen, A. Pavlov, H. Petrescu, E. Pomazan, A. Popescu, M. Pratt, A. Raskhozhev, V.N. Resch, J.-M. Robilliard, D. Roschina, E. Rothenberg, E. Rottenborn, M. Rusov, S.A. Saby, F. Saya, L.F. Selvakumar, G. Signoret, F. Slesarenko, V.Y. Sokov, E.N. Soldateschi, J. Sonka, A. Soulie, G. Talbot, J. Tejfel, V.G. Thuillot, W. Timerson, B. Toma, R. Torsellini, S. Trabuco, L.L. Traverse, P. Tsamis, V. Unwin, M. Van Den Abbeel, F. Vandenbruaene, H. Vasundhara, R. Velikodsky, Y.I. Vienne, A. Vilar, J. Vugnon, J.-M. Wuensche, N. Zeleny, P.
Abstract: During the 2014-2015 mutual events season, the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides (IMCCE), Paris, France, and the Sternberg Astronomical Institute (SAI), Moscow, Russia, led an international observation campaign to record ground-based photometric observations of Galilean moon mutual occultations and eclipses.We focused on processing the complete photometric observations data base to compute new accurate astrometric positions. We used our method to derive astrometric positions from the light curves of the events. We developed an accurate photometric model of mutual occultations and eclipses, while correcting for the satellite albedos, Hapke's light scattering law, the phase effect, and the limb darkening. We processed 609 light curves, and we compared the observed positions of the satellites with the theoretical positions from IMCCE NOE-5-2010-GAL satellite ephemerides and INPOP13c planetary ephemeris. The standard deviation after fitting the light curve in equatorial positions is ±24 mas, or 75 km at Jupiter. The rms (O-C) in equatorial positions is ±50 mas, or 150 km at Jupiter. © 2017 The Author(s).
Published: 2018

18. APPROX -- Mutual approximations between the Galilean moons. The 2016-2018 observational campaign

Author: Morgado, B., Vieira-Martins, R., Assafin, M., Machado, D. I., Camargo, J. I. B., Sfair, R., Malacarne, M., Braga-Ribas, F., Robert, V., Bassallo, T., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Boldrin, L. A., Borderes-Motta, G., Camargo, B. C. B., Crispim, A., Dias-Oliveira, A., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Lainey, V., Miranda, J. O., Moura, T. S., Ribeiro, F. K., de Santana, T., Santos-Filho, S., Trabuco, L. L., Winter, O. C., Yamashita, T. A. R., Morgado, B., Vieira-Martins, R., Assafin, M., Machado, D. I., Camargo, J. I. B., Sfair, R., Malacarne, M., Braga-Ribas, F., Robert, V., Bassallo, T., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Boldrin, L. A., Borderes-Motta, G., Camargo, B. C. B., Crispim, A., Dias-Oliveira, A., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Lainey, V., Miranda, J. O., Moura, T. S., Ribeiro, F. K., de Santana, T., Santos-Filho, S., Trabuco, L. L., Winter, O. C., and Yamashita, T. A. R.
Abstract: The technique of mutual approximations accurately gives the central instant at the maximum apparent approximation of two moving natural satellites in the sky plane. This can be used in ephemeris fitting to infer the relative positions between satellites with high precision. Only the mutual phenomena -- occultations and eclipses -- may achieve better results. However, mutual phenomena only occur every six years in the case of Jupiter. Mutual approximations do not have this restriction and can be observed at any time along the year as long as the satellites are visible. In this work, we present 104 central instants determined from the observations of 66 mutual approximations between the Galilean moons carried out at different sites in Brazil and France during the period 2016--2018. For 28 events we have at least two independent observations. All telescopes were equipped with a narrow-band filter centred at 889 nm with a width of 15 nm to eliminate the scattered light from Jupiter. The telescope apertures ranged between 25--120 cm. For comparison, the precision of the positions obtained with classical CCD astrometry is about 100 mas, for mutual phenomena it can achieve 10 mas or less and the average internal precision obtained with mutual approximations was 11.3 mas. This new kind of simple, yet accurate observations can significantly improve the orbits and ephemeris of Galilean satellites and thus be very useful for the planning of future space missions aiming at the Jovian system., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2018
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19. APPROX -- Mutual approximations between the Galilean moons. The 2016-2018 observational campaign

Author: Morgado, B., Vieira-Martins, R., Assafin, M., Machado, D. I., Camargo, J. I. B., Sfair, R., Malacarne, M., Braga-Ribas, F., Robert, V., Bassallo, T., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Boldrin, L. A., Borderes-Motta, G., Camargo, B. C. B., Crispim, A., Dias-Oliveira, A., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Lainey, V., Miranda, J. O., Moura, T. S., Ribeiro, F. K., de Santana, T., Santos-Filho, S., Trabuco, L. L., Winter, O. C., Yamashita, T. A. R., Morgado, B., Vieira-Martins, R., Assafin, M., Machado, D. I., Camargo, J. I. B., Sfair, R., Malacarne, M., Braga-Ribas, F., Robert, V., Bassallo, T., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Boldrin, L. A., Borderes-Motta, G., Camargo, B. C. B., Crispim, A., Dias-Oliveira, A., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Lainey, V., Miranda, J. O., Moura, T. S., Ribeiro, F. K., de Santana, T., Santos-Filho, S., Trabuco, L. L., Winter, O. C., and Yamashita, T. A. R.
Abstract: The technique of mutual approximations accurately gives the central instant at the maximum apparent approximation of two moving natural satellites in the sky plane. This can be used in ephemeris fitting to infer the relative positions between satellites with high precision. Only the mutual phenomena -- occultations and eclipses -- may achieve better results. However, mutual phenomena only occur every six years in the case of Jupiter. Mutual approximations do not have this restriction and can be observed at any time along the year as long as the satellites are visible. In this work, we present 104 central instants determined from the observations of 66 mutual approximations between the Galilean moons carried out at different sites in Brazil and France during the period 2016--2018. For 28 events we have at least two independent observations. All telescopes were equipped with a narrow-band filter centred at 889 nm with a width of 15 nm to eliminate the scattered light from Jupiter. The telescope apertures ranged between 25--120 cm. For comparison, the precision of the positions obtained with classical CCD astrometry is about 100 mas, for mutual phenomena it can achieve 10 mas or less and the average internal precision obtained with mutual approximations was 11.3 mas. This new kind of simple, yet accurate observations can significantly improve the orbits and ephemeris of Galilean satellites and thus be very useful for the planning of future space missions aiming at the Jovian system., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2018
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20. Testing parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Anders J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antojal, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bello Garcia, A., Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marsha, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Monicz, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteint, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Olias Sanz, A., Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Serraller Vizcaino, I., Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Anders J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antojal, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bello Garcia, A., Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marsha, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Monicz, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteint, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Olias Sanz, A., Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Serraller Vizcaino, I., Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). Aims. In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, which involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity (PL), period-Wesenheit (PW) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared PL, PL-metallicity (PLZ), and optical luminosity-metallicity (MV-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. Methods. Classical Cepheids were carefully selected in order to discard known or suspected binary systems. The final sample comprises 102 fundamental mode pulsators with periods ranging from 1.68 to 51.66 days (of which 33 with sigma(omega)/omega < 0 : 5). The Type II Cepheids include a total of 26 W Virginis and BL Herculis stars spanning the period range from 1.16 to 30.00 days (of which only 7 with sigma(omega)/omega 0 : 5). The RR Lyrae stars include 200 sources with pulsation period ranging from 0.27 to 0.80 days (of which 112 with sigma(omega)/omega < 0 : 5). The new relations were computed using multi- band (V; I; J; K-s) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and by applying three alternative approaches: (i) linear least-squares fitting of the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes; (ii) adopting astrometry-based luminosities; and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. The last two methods work in parallax space where parallaxes are used directly, thus maintaining symmetrical errors and allowing negative parallaxes to be used. The TGAS-based PL; PW; PLZ, and MV [Fe/H] relations are discussed by comparing the distan, Acknowledgements. This work has made use of results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia, the data from which were processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. The Gaia mission website is http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia. The authors are current or past members of the ESA and Airbus DS Gaia mission teams and of the Gaia DPAC. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. We thank the referee, Pierre Kervella, for his detailed comments and suggestions that have helped to improve the paper analysis and presentation. This work has financially been supported by: the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) through grants I/037/08/0, I/058/10/0, 2014-025-R.0, and 2014-025-R.1.2015 to INAF and contracts I/008/10/0 and 2013/030/I.0 to ALTEC S.p.A.; the Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomic, Astrophysique et Geophysique of Bouzareah Observatory; the Austrian FWF Hertha Firnberg Programme through grants T359, P20046, and P23737; the BELgian federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through various PROgramme de Developpement d'Experiences scientifiques (PRODEX) grants; the Brazil-France exchange programmes FAPESP-COFECUB and CAPES-COFECUB; the Chinese National Science Foundation through grant NSFC 11573054; the Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports through grant LG 15010; the Danish Ministry of Science; the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research through grant IUT40-1; the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme through the European Leadership in Space Astrometry (ELSA) Marie Curie Research Training Network (MRTN-CT-2006-033481), through Marie Curie project PIOF-GA-2009-255267 (SAS-RRL), and through a Marie Curie Transfer-of-Knowledge (ToK) fellowship (MTKD-CT-2004-014188); the European Commission's Seventh Framewor
Published: 2017
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21. Gaia Data Release 1. Testing the parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Azntoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernánde, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffler, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Gaia Collaboration, Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Azntoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernánde, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffler, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, that involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity ($PL$), period-Wesenheit ($PW$) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared $PL$, $PL$-metallicity ($PLZ$) and optical luminosity-metallicity ($M_V$-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. The new relations were computed using multi-band ($V,I,J,K_{\mathrm{s}},W_{1}$) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and applying three alternative approaches: (i) by linear least squares fitting the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes, (ii) by adopting astrometric-based luminosities, and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a "work-in-progress" milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia's Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018., Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication by A&A
Published: 2017
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22. Gaia Data Release 1. Open cluster astrometry: performance, limitations, and future prospects

Author: Gaia Collaboration, van Leeuwen, F., Vallenari, A., Jordi, C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. 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G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poelsy, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Gaia Collaboration, van Leeuwen, F., Vallenari, A., Jordi, C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffer, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegrio, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingril, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteiny, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclarky, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardio, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poelsy, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs., Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A. 21 pages main text plus 46 pages appendices. 34 figures main text, 38 figures appendices. 8 table in main text, 19 tables in appendices
Published: 2017
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23. Gaia Data Release 1. Testing the parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Azntoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernánde, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffler, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Gaia Collaboration, Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Azntoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernánde, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffler, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, that involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity ($PL$), period-Wesenheit ($PW$) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared $PL$, $PL$-metallicity ($PLZ$) and optical luminosity-metallicity ($M_V$-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. The new relations were computed using multi-band ($V,I,J,K_{\mathrm{s}},W_{1}$) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and applying three alternative approaches: (i) by linear least squares fitting the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes, (ii) by adopting astrometric-based luminosities, and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a "work-in-progress" milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia's Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018., Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication by A&A
Published: 2017
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24. Gaia Data Release 1. Open cluster astrometry: performance, limitations, and future prospects

Author: Gaia Collaboration, van Leeuwen, F., Vallenari, A., Jordi, C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffer, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegrio, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingril, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteiny, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclarky, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardio, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poelsy, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Gaia Collaboration, van Leeuwen, F., Vallenari, A., Jordi, C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffer, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegrio, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingril, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteiny, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclarky, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardio, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poelsy, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs., Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A. 21 pages main text plus 46 pages appendices. 34 figures main text, 38 figures appendices. 8 table in main text, 19 tables in appendices
Published: 2017
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25. Gaia Data Release 1 Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

Author: Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Mignard, F., Drimmel, R., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Katz, D., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., O'Mullane, W., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Hog, E., Lattanzi, M. G., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Casas, M. Farras, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhacs, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pincau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I. -C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Mignard, F., Drimmel, R., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Katz, D., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., O'Mullane, W., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Hog, E., Lattanzi, M. G., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Casas, M. Farras, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhacs, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pincau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I. -C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues - a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) - and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of similar to 3000 Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr(-1) for the proper motions. A systematic component of similar to 0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of similar to 94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr(-1). For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is similar to 10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to similar to 0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the
Published: 2016
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26. The Gaia mission

Author: Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Milligan, D. J., Panem, C., Poinsignon, V., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sarri, G., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Atzei, A., Ayache, L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Baroni, M., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bellei, G., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Budnik, F., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Au, E. Ca Ff, Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Charvet, P., Chassat, F., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Collins, P., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., di Marco, F., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Ecale, E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Erdmann, M., Escolar, D., Espina, M., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Faye, F., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Furnell, R., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Gare, P., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Kowalczyk, A., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lopez-Lozano, A., Lorenz, D., Loureiro, T., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marie, J., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Mestre, A., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Monteiro, D., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morley, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Paulsen, T., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pereira, J., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Renk, F., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rudolph, A., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schnorhk, A., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Serpell, E., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Smith, C., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Werner, D., Wevers, T., Whitehead, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., El, M. So Ff, Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Milligan, D. J., Panem, C., Poinsignon, V., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sarri, G., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Atzei, A., Ayache, L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Baroni, M., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bellei, G., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Budnik, F., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Au, E. Ca Ff, Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Charvet, P., Chassat, F., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Collins, P., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., di Marco, F., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Ecale, E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Erdmann, M., Escolar, D., Espina, M., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Faye, F., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Furnell, R., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Gare, P., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Kowalczyk, A., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lopez-Lozano, A., Lorenz, D., Loureiro, T., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marie, J., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Mestre, A., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Monteiro, D., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morley, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Paulsen, T., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pereira, J., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Renk, F., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rudolph, A., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schnorhk, A., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Serpell, E., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Smith, C., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Werner, D., Wevers, T., Whitehead, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., El, M. So Ff, Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page.
Published: 2016
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27. The Gaia mission

Author: Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Luri, X., Sarri, G., Lattanzi, M. G., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Portell, J., Bellas-Velidis, I., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Smith, M., Altavilla, G., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Garcia, A. Bello, Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Høg, Erik, Boch, T., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Enke, H., Erdmann, M., Escolar, D., Espina, M., Evans, N. W., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Furnell, R., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Gare, P., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Kowalczyk, A., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Pentikainen, H., Pereira, J., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Renk, F., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rudolph, A., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schnorhk, A., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Serpell, E., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Smith, C., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Werner, D., Wevers, T., Whitehead, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Lindstrøm, H.E.P., Linden, M.ter, Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Massart, B., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., El, M. So Ff, Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Poinsignon, V., Siddigiqui, H.I., Torra, A. De, Allasia, W., Ayache, L., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Luri, X., Sarri, G., Lattanzi, M. G., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Portell, J., Bellas-Velidis, I., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Smith, M., Altavilla, G., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Garcia, A. Bello, Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Høg, Erik, Boch, T., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Enke, H., Erdmann, M., Escolar, D., Espina, M., Evans, N. W., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Furnell, R., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Gare, P., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Kowalczyk, A., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Pentikainen, H., Pereira, J., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Renk, F., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rudolph, A., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schnorhk, A., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Serpell, E., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Smith, C., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Werner, D., Wevers, T., Whitehead, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Lindstrøm, H.E.P., Linden, M.ter, Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Massart, B., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., El, M. So Ff, Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Poinsignon, V., Siddigiqui, H.I., Torra, A. De, Allasia, W., and Ayache, L.
Published: 2016

28. A new astrometric measurement and reduction of USNO photographic observations of Phobos and Deimos: 1967–1997

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Pasewaldt, A., Arlot, J.-E., De Cuyper, J.-P., Dehant, Véronique, Thuillot, W., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Pasewaldt, A., Arlot, J.-E., De Cuyper, J.-P., Dehant, Véronique, and Thuillot, W.
Abstract: Context. Accurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of both their orbits and their dynamics and to infer the accuracy of the planet and satellite ephemerides. Aims. In the framework of the European FP7 ESPaCE program, we provide the positions of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos taken with the US Naval Observatory 61-inch astrometric reflector and 26-inch refractor from 1967 to 1997. Methods. Four hundred twenty five astrophotographic plates were measured with the digitizer of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and reduced through an optimal process that includes image, instrumental, and spherical corrections using the UCAC4 catalog to provide the most accurate equatorial (RA, Dec) positions. Results. We compared the observed positions of the planet Mars and its satellites with the theoretical positions from INPOP13c and DE430 planetary ephemerides and from NOE MarsSatV1_0 and MAR097 satellite ephemerides. The rms residuals in RA and Dec of one position are less than 62 mas or about 20 km at the opposition of Mars. The rms intersatellite residuals in RA and Dec of one position are less than 40 mas or about 13 km at Mars. This accuracy is comparable to the most recent CCD observations. We also fitted the NOE model to the new computed positions and compared the orbital evolution of Phobos and Deimos with those derived from the same model, but only fitted to spacecraft data. Our results show that astrophotographic plate data can now compete with those of old spacecraft.
Published: 2015

29. Astrometric positions for 18 irregular satellites of giant planets from 23 years of observations

Author: Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Arlot, J. -E., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Neto, D. N. da Silva, Andrei, A. H., Dias-Oliveira, A., Morgado, B. E., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Duchemin, Y., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., Thuillot, W., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Arlot, J. -E., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Neto, D. N. da Silva, Andrei, A. H., Dias-Oliveira, A., Morgado, B. E., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Duchemin, Y., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., and Thuillot, W.
Abstract: The irregular satellites of the giant planets are believed to have been captured during the evolution of the solar system. Knowing their physical parameters, such as size, density, and albedo is important for constraining where they came from and how they were captured. The best way to obtain these parameters are observations in situ by spacecrafts or from stellar occultations by the objects. Both techniques demand that the orbits are well known. We aimed to obtain good astrometric positions of irregular satellites to improve their orbits and ephemeris. We identified and reduced observations of several irregular satellites from three databases containing more than 8000 images obtained between 1992 and 2014 at three sites (Observat\'orio do Pico dos Dias, Observatoire de Haute-Provence, and European Southern Observatory - La Silla). We used the software PRAIA (Platform for Reduction of Astronomical Images Automatically) to make the astrometric reduction of the CCD frames. The UCAC4 catalog represented the International Celestial Reference System in the reductions. Identification of the satellites in the frames was done through their ephemerides as determined from the SPICE/NAIF kernels. Some procedures were followed to overcome missing or incomplete information (coordinates, date), mostly for the older images. We managed to obtain more than 6000 positions for 18 irregular satellites: 12 of Jupiter, 4 of Saturn, 1 of Uranus (Sycorax), and 1 of Neptune (Nereid). For some satellites the number of obtained positions is more than 50\% of what was used in earlier orbital numerical integrations. Comparison of our positions with recent JPL ephemeris suggests there are systematic errors in the orbits for some of the irregular satellites. The most evident case was an error in the inclination of Carme., Comment: 9 pages, with 3 being online material
Published: 2015
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30. Astrometric observations of Phobos and Deimos during the 1971 opposition of Mars

Author: Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Arlot, J. -E., De Cuyper, J. -P., Dehant, V., Thuillot, W., Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Arlot, J. -E., De Cuyper, J. -P., Dehant, V., and Thuillot, W.
Abstract: Accurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of their dynamics and to infer the accuracy of planet and satellite ephemerides. In the framework of the FP7 ESPaCE project, we provide the positions of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos taken with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch refractor during the 1971 opposition of the planet. These plates were measured with the digitizer of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and reduced through an optimal process that includes image, instrumental, and spherical corrections to provide the most accurate data. We compared the observed positions of the planet Mars and its satellites with the theoretical positions from INPOP10 and DE430 planetary ephemerides, and from NOE and MAR097 satellite ephemerides. The rms residuals in RA and Dec. of one position is less than 60 mas, or about 20 km at Mars. This accuracy is comparable to the most recent CCD observations. Moreover, it shows that astrometric data derived from photographic plates can compete with those of old spacecraft (Mariner 9, Viking 1 and 2)., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2015
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31. Astrometric observations of Phobos and Deimos during the 1971 opposition of Mars

Author: Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Arlot, J. -E., De Cuyper, J. -P., Dehant, V., Thuillot, W., Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Arlot, J. -E., De Cuyper, J. -P., Dehant, V., and Thuillot, W.
Abstract: Accurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of their dynamics and to infer the accuracy of planet and satellite ephemerides. In the framework of the FP7 ESPaCE project, we provide the positions of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos taken with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch refractor during the 1971 opposition of the planet. These plates were measured with the digitizer of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and reduced through an optimal process that includes image, instrumental, and spherical corrections to provide the most accurate data. We compared the observed positions of the planet Mars and its satellites with the theoretical positions from INPOP10 and DE430 planetary ephemerides, and from NOE and MAR097 satellite ephemerides. The rms residuals in RA and Dec. of one position is less than 60 mas, or about 20 km at Mars. This accuracy is comparable to the most recent CCD observations. Moreover, it shows that astrometric data derived from photographic plates can compete with those of old spacecraft (Mariner 9, Viking 1 and 2)., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2015
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32. Astrometric positions for 18 irregular satellites of giant planets from 23 years of observations

Author: Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Arlot, J. -E., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Neto, D. N. da Silva, Andrei, A. H., Dias-Oliveira, A., Morgado, B. E., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Duchemin, Y., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., Thuillot, W., Gomes-Júnior, A. R., Assafin, M., Vieira-Martins, R., Arlot, J. -E., Camargo, J. I. B., Braga-Ribas, F., Neto, D. N. da Silva, Andrei, A. H., Dias-Oliveira, A., Morgado, B. E., Benedetti-Rossi, G., Duchemin, Y., Desmars, J., Lainey, V., and Thuillot, W.
Abstract: The irregular satellites of the giant planets are believed to have been captured during the evolution of the solar system. Knowing their physical parameters, such as size, density, and albedo is important for constraining where they came from and how they were captured. The best way to obtain these parameters are observations in situ by spacecrafts or from stellar occultations by the objects. Both techniques demand that the orbits are well known. We aimed to obtain good astrometric positions of irregular satellites to improve their orbits and ephemeris. We identified and reduced observations of several irregular satellites from three databases containing more than 8000 images obtained between 1992 and 2014 at three sites (Observat\'orio do Pico dos Dias, Observatoire de Haute-Provence, and European Southern Observatory - La Silla). We used the software PRAIA (Platform for Reduction of Astronomical Images Automatically) to make the astrometric reduction of the CCD frames. The UCAC4 catalog represented the International Celestial Reference System in the reductions. Identification of the satellites in the frames was done through their ephemerides as determined from the SPICE/NAIF kernels. Some procedures were followed to overcome missing or incomplete information (coordinates, date), mostly for the older images. We managed to obtain more than 6000 positions for 18 irregular satellites: 12 of Jupiter, 4 of Saturn, 1 of Uranus (Sycorax), and 1 of Neptune (Nereid). For some satellites the number of obtained positions is more than 50\% of what was used in earlier orbital numerical integrations. Comparison of our positions with recent JPL ephemeris suggests there are systematic errors in the orbits for some of the irregular satellites. The most evident case was an error in the inclination of Carme., Comment: 9 pages, with 3 being online material
Published: 2015
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33. Constraining multiple systems with GAIA

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Binzel, Richard P., Beauvalet, L., Lainey, V., Arlot, J.-E., Bancelin, D., Marchis, F., Binzel, Richard P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Binzel, Richard P., Beauvalet, L., Lainey, V., Arlot, J.-E., Bancelin, D., Marchis, F., and Binzel, Richard P
Abstract: GAIA will provide observations of some multiple asteroid and dwarf systems. These observations are a way to determine and improve the quantification of dynamical parameters, such as the masses and the gravity fields, in these multiple systems. Here we investigate this problem in the cases of Pluto's and Eugenia's system. We simulate observations reproducing an approximate planning of the GAIA observations for both systems, as well as the New Horizons observations of Pluto. We have developed a numerical model reproducing the specific behavior of multiple asteroid system around the Sun and fit it to the simulated observations using least-square method, giving the uncertainties on the fitted parameters. We found that GAIA will improve significantly the precision of Pluto's and Charon's mass, as well as Petit Prince's orbital elements and Eugenia's polar oblateness.
Published: 2015

34. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Arridge, C.S. Achilleos, N. Agarwal, J. Agnor, C.B. Ambrosi, R. André, N. Badman, S.V. Baines, K. Banfield, D. Barthélémy, M. Bisi, M.M. Blum, J. Bocanegra-Bahamon, T. Bonfond, B. Bracken, C. Brandt, P. Briand, C. Briois, C. Brooks, S. Castillo-Rogez, J. Cavalié, T. Christophe, B. Coates, A.J. Collinson, G. Cooper, J.F. Costa-Sitja, M. Courtin, R. Daglis, I.A. De Pater, I. Desai, M. Dirkx, D. Dougherty, M.K. Ebert, R.W. Filacchione, G. Fletcher, L.N. Fortney, J. Gerth, I. Grassi, D. Grodent, D. Grün, E. Gustin, J. Hedman, M. Helled, R. Henri, P. Hess, S. Hillier, J.K. Hofstadter, M.H. Holme, R. Horanyi, M. Hospodarsky, G. Hsu, S. Irwin, P. Jackman, C.M. Karatekin, O. Kempf, S. Khalisi, E. Konstantinidis, K. Krüger, H. Kurth, W.S. Labrianidis, C. Lainey, V. Lamy, L.L. Laneuville, M. Lucchesi, D. Luntzer, A. MacArthur, J. Maier, A. Masters, A. McKenna-Lawlor, S. Melin, H. Milillo, A. Moragas-Klostermeyer, G. Morschhauser, A. Moses, J.I. Mousis, O. Nettelmann, N. Neubauer, F.M. Nordheim, T. Noyelles, B. Orton, G.S. Owens, M. Peron, R. Plainaki, C. Postberg, F. Rambaux, N. Retherford, K. Reynaud, S. Roussos, E. Russell, C.T. Rymer, A.M. Sallantin, R. Sánchez-Lavega, A. Santolik, O. Saur, J. Sayanagi, K.M. Schenk, P. Schubert, J. Sergis, N. Sittler, E.C. Smith, A. Spahn, F. Srama, R. Stallard, T. Sterken, V. Sternovsky, Z. Tiscareno, M. Tobie, G. Tosi, F. Trieloff, M. Turrini, D. Turtle, E.P. Vinatier, S. Wilson, R. Zarka, P. and Arridge, C.S. Achilleos, N. Agarwal, J. Agnor, C.B. Ambrosi, R. André, N. Badman, S.V. Baines, K. Banfield, D. Barthélémy, M. Bisi, M.M. Blum, J. Bocanegra-Bahamon, T. Bonfond, B. Bracken, C. Brandt, P. Briand, C. Briois, C. Brooks, S. Castillo-Rogez, J. Cavalié, T. Christophe, B. Coates, A.J. Collinson, G. Cooper, J.F. Costa-Sitja, M. Courtin, R. Daglis, I.A. De Pater, I. Desai, M. Dirkx, D. Dougherty, M.K. Ebert, R.W. Filacchione, G. Fletcher, L.N. Fortney, J. Gerth, I. Grassi, D. Grodent, D. Grün, E. Gustin, J. Hedman, M. Helled, R. Henri, P. Hess, S. Hillier, J.K. Hofstadter, M.H. Holme, R. Horanyi, M. Hospodarsky, G. Hsu, S. Irwin, P. Jackman, C.M. Karatekin, O. Kempf, S. Khalisi, E. Konstantinidis, K. Krüger, H. Kurth, W.S. Labrianidis, C. Lainey, V. Lamy, L.L. Laneuville, M. Lucchesi, D. Luntzer, A. MacArthur, J. Maier, A. Masters, A. McKenna-Lawlor, S. Melin, H. Milillo, A. Moragas-Klostermeyer, G. Morschhauser, A. Moses, J.I. Mousis, O. Nettelmann, N. Neubauer, F.M. Nordheim, T. Noyelles, B. Orton, G.S. Owens, M. Peron, R. Plainaki, C. Postberg, F. Rambaux, N. Retherford, K. Reynaud, S. Roussos, E. Russell, C.T. Rymer, A.M. Sallantin, R. Sánchez-Lavega, A. Santolik, O. Saur, J. Sayanagi, K.M. Schenk, P. Schubert, J. Sergis, N. Sittler, E.C. Smith, A. Spahn, F. Srama, R. Stallard, T. Sterken, V. Sternovsky, Z. Tiscareno, M. Tobie, G. Tosi, F. Trieloff, M. Turrini, D. Turtle, E.P. Vinatier, S. Wilson, R. Zarka, P.
Abstract: Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2014

35. Astrometric Observations of Phobos and Deimos During the 1971 Opposition of Mars

Author: NAVAL OBSERVATORY WASHINGTON DC, robert, V, Lainey, V, Pascu, D, Arlot, J, De Cuyper, J, Dehant, V, Thuillot, W, NAVAL OBSERVATORY WASHINGTON DC, robert, V, Lainey, V, Pascu, D, Arlot, J, De Cuyper, J, Dehant, V, and Thuillot, W
Abstract: Context. Accurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of their dynamics and to infer the accuracy of planet and satellite ephemerides. Aims. In the framework of the FP7 ESPaCE project, we provide the positions of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos taken with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch refractor during the 1971 opposition of the planet. Methods. These plates were measured with the digitizer of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and reduced through an optimal process that includes image, instrumental, and spherical corrections to provide the most accurate data. Results. We compared the observed positions of the planet Mars and its satellites with the theoretical positions from INPOP10 and DE430 planetary ephemerides, and from NOE and MAR097 satellite ephemerides. The rms residuals in RA and Dec. of one position is less than 60 mas, or about 20 km at Mars. This accuracy is comparable to the most recent CCD observations. Moreover, it shows that astrometric data derived from photographic plates can compete with those of old spacecraft (Mariner 9, Viking 1 and 2)., Published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, October 6, 2014. The original document contains color images.
Published: 2014

36. Astrometric observations of Phobos and Deimos during the 1971 opposition of Mars

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Arlot, J.-E., De Cuyper, J.-P., Dehant, Véronique, Thuillot, W., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Robert, V., Lainey, V., Pascu, D., Arlot, J.-E., De Cuyper, J.-P., Dehant, Véronique, and Thuillot, W.
Published: 2014

37. The surface signature of the tidal dissipation of the core in a two-layer planet

Author: Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., Lainey, V., Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., and Lainey, V.
Abstract: Tidal dissipation, which is directly linked to internal structure, is one of the key physical mechanisms that drive systems evolution and govern their architecture. A robust evaluation of its amplitude is thus needed to predict evolution time for spins and orbits and their final states. The purpose of this paper is to refine recent model of the anelastic tidal dissipation in the central dense region of giant planets, commonly assumed to retain a large amount of heavy elements, which constitute an important source of dissipation. The previous paper evaluated the impact of the presence of the static fluid envelope on the tidal deformation of the core and on the associated anelastic tidal dissipation, through the tidal quality factor Qc. We examine here its impact on the corresponding effective anelastic tidal dissipation, through the effective tidal quality factor Qp. We show that the strength of this mechanism mainly depends on mass concentration. In the case of Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets, it can increase their effective tidal dissipation by, around, a factor 2.4 and 2 respectively. In particular, the range of the rheologies compatible with the observations is enlarged compared to the results issued from previous formulations. We derive here an improved expression of the tidal effective factor Qp in terms of the tidal dissipation factor of the core Qc, without assuming the commonly used assumptions. When applied to giant planets, the formulation obtained here allows a better match between the an elastic core's tidal dissipation of a two-layer model and the observations., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2014
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38. Cassini ISS Mutual Event Astrometry of the Mid-sized Saturnian Satellites 2005-2012

Author: Cooper, N. J., Murray, C. D., Lainey, V., Tajeddine, R., Evans, M. W., Williams, G. A., Cooper, N. J., Murray, C. D., Lainey, V., Tajeddine, R., Evans, M. W., and Williams, G. A.
Abstract: We present astrometric observations of the Saturnian satellites Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea from Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) narrow-angle camera (NAC) images. Image sequences were designed to observe mutual occultations between these satellites. The positions of satellite centres were estimated by fitting ellipsoidal shape models to the measured limbs of the imaged satellites. Spacecraft pointing corrections were computed using the UCAC2 star catalogue. We provide a total of 2303 astrometric observations, resulting in 976 pairs, the remainder consisting of observations of a single satellite. Mean residuals for the individual satellite positions relative to the SAT360 ephemeris were 4.3 km in the line direction and -2.4 km in the sample direction, with standard deviations of 5.6 and 7.0 km respectively, an order of magnitude improvement in precision compared to published HST observations. By considering inter-satellite separations, uncertainties in camera pointing and spacecraft positioning along with possible biases in the individual positions of the satellites can be largely eliminated, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in accuracy compared to that achievable using the individual satellite positions. We show how factors relating to the viewing geometry cause small biases in the individual positions of order 0.28 pixel to become systematic across the dataset as a whole and discuss options for reducing their effects . The reduced astrometric data are provided in the form of individual positions for each satellite, together with the measured positions of reference stars, in order to allow more flexibility in the processing of the observations, taking into account possible future advances in limb-fitting techniques as well as the future availability of more accurate star catalogues, such as those from the GAIA mission., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2014
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39. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., Zarkat, P., Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., and Zarkat, P.
Abstract: Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2014

40. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus:exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., Zarkat, P., Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., and Zarkat, P.
Abstract: Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2014

41. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Arridge, C.S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C.B., Ambrosi, R., AndrÃ©, N., Badman, S.V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., BarthÃ©lÃ©my, M., Bisi, M.M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., CavaliÃ©, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A.J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J.F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I.A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M.K., Ebert, R.W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L.N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., GrÃ¼n, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, Jon K., Hofstadter, M.H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C.M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., KrÃ¼ger, H., Kurth, W.S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L.L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J.I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F.M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G.S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C.T., Rymer, A.M., Sallantin, R., SÃ¡nchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, K.M., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E.C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E.P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., Zarka, P., Arridge, C.S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C.B., Ambrosi, R., AndrÃ©, N., Badman, S.V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., BarthÃ©lÃ©my, M., Bisi, M.M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., CavaliÃ©, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A.J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J.F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I.A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M.K., Ebert, R.W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L.N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., GrÃ¼n, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, Jon K., Hofstadter, M.H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C.M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., KrÃ¼ger, H., Kurth, W.S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L.L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J.I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F.M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G.S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C.T., Rymer, A.M., Sallantin, R., SÃ¡nchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, K.M., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E.C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E.P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., and Zarka, P.
Abstract: Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013. Â© 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2014

42. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus : exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., Zarkat, P., Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., and Zarkat, P.
Abstract: Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2014

43. The science case for an orbital mission to Uranus: Exploring the origins and evolution of ice giant planets

Author: Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., Zarkat, P., Arridge, C. S., Achilleos, N., Agarwal, J., Agnor, C. B., Ambrosi, R., Andre, N., Badman, S. V., Baines, K., Banfield, D., Barthelemy, M., Bisi, M. M., Blum, J., Bocanegra-Bahamon, T., Bonfond, B. ., Bracken, C., Brandt, P., Briand, C., Briois, C., Brooks, S., Castillo-Rogez, J., Cavalie, T., Christophe, B., Coates, A. J., Collinson, G., Cooper, J. F., Costa-Sitja, M., Courtin, R., Daglis, I. A., De Pater, I., Desai, M., Dirkx, D., Dougherty, M. K., Ebert, R. W., Filacchione, G., Fletcher, L. N., Fortney, J., Gerth, I., Grassi, D., Grodent, D., Grun, E., Gustin, J., Hedman, M., Helled, R., Henri, P., Hess, S., Hillier, J. K., Hofstadter, M. H., Holme, R., Horanyi, M., Hospodarsky, G., Hsu, S., Irwin, P., Jackman, C. M., Karatekin, O., Kempf, S., Khalisi, E., Konstantinidis, K., Kruger, H., Kurth, W. S., Labrianidis, C., Lainey, V., Lamy, L. L., Laneuville, M., Lucchesi, D., Luntzer, A., MacArthur, J., Maier, A., Masters, A., McKenna-Lawlor, S., Melin, H., Milillo, A., Moragas-Klostermeyer, G., Morschhauser, A., Moses, J. I., Mousis, O., Nettelmann, N., Neubauer, F. M., Nordheim, T., Noyelles, B., Orton, G. S., Owens, M., Peron, R., Plainaki, C., Postberg, F., Rambaux, N., Retherford, K., Reynaud, S., Roussos, E., Russell, C. T., Rymer, Am., Sallantin, R., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Santolik, O., Saur, J., Sayanagi, Km., Schenk, P., Schubert, J., Sergis, N., Sittler, E. C., Smith, A., Spahn, F., Srama, R., Stallard, T., Sterken, V., Sternovsky, Z., Tiscareno, M., Tobie, G., Tosi, F., Trieloff, M., Turrini, D., Turtle, E. P., Vinatier, S., Wilson, R., and Zarkat, P.
Abstract: Giant planets helped to shape the conditions we see in the Solar System today and they account for more than 99% of the mass of the Sun's planetary system. They can be subdivided into the Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) and the Gas Giants (Jupiter and Saturn), which differ from each other in a number of fundamental ways. Uranus, in particular is the most challenging to our understanding of planetary formation and evolution, with its large obliquity, low self-luminosity, highly asymmetrical internal field, and puzzling internal structure. Uranus also has a rich planetary system consisting of a system of inner natural satellites and complex ring system, five major natural icy satellites, a system of irregular moons with varied dynamical histories, and a highly asymmetrical magnetosphere. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have explored Uranus, with a flyby in 1986, and no mission is currently planned to this enigmatic system. However, a mission to the uranian system would open a new window on the origin and evolution of the Solar System and would provide crucial information on a wide variety of physicochemical processes in our Solar System. These have clear implications for understanding exoplanetary systems. In this paper we describe the science case for an orbital mission to Uranus with an atmospheric entry probe to sample the composition and atmospheric physics in Uranus' atmosphere. The characteristics of such an orbiter and a strawman scientific payload are described and we discuss the technical challenges for such a mission. This paper is based on a white paper submitted to the European Space Agency's call for science themes for its large-class mission programme in 2013. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2014

44. The surface signature of the tidal dissipation of the core in a two-layer planet

Author: Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., Lainey, V., Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., and Lainey, V.
Abstract: Tidal dissipation, which is directly linked to internal structure, is one of the key physical mechanisms that drive systems evolution and govern their architecture. A robust evaluation of its amplitude is thus needed to predict evolution time for spins and orbits and their final states. The purpose of this paper is to refine recent model of the anelastic tidal dissipation in the central dense region of giant planets, commonly assumed to retain a large amount of heavy elements, which constitute an important source of dissipation. The previous paper evaluated the impact of the presence of the static fluid envelope on the tidal deformation of the core and on the associated anelastic tidal dissipation, through the tidal quality factor Qc. We examine here its impact on the corresponding effective anelastic tidal dissipation, through the effective tidal quality factor Qp. We show that the strength of this mechanism mainly depends on mass concentration. In the case of Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets, it can increase their effective tidal dissipation by, around, a factor 2.4 and 2 respectively. In particular, the range of the rheologies compatible with the observations is enlarged compared to the results issued from previous formulations. We derive here an improved expression of the tidal effective factor Qp in terms of the tidal dissipation factor of the core Qc, without assuming the commonly used assumptions. When applied to giant planets, the formulation obtained here allows a better match between the an elastic core's tidal dissipation of a two-layer model and the observations., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2014
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45. Cassini ISS Mutual Event Astrometry of the Mid-sized Saturnian Satellites 2005-2012

Author: Cooper, N. J., Murray, C. D., Lainey, V., Tajeddine, R., Evans, M. W., Williams, G. A., Cooper, N. J., Murray, C. D., Lainey, V., Tajeddine, R., Evans, M. W., and Williams, G. A.
Abstract: We present astrometric observations of the Saturnian satellites Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea from Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) narrow-angle camera (NAC) images. Image sequences were designed to observe mutual occultations between these satellites. The positions of satellite centres were estimated by fitting ellipsoidal shape models to the measured limbs of the imaged satellites. Spacecraft pointing corrections were computed using the UCAC2 star catalogue. We provide a total of 2303 astrometric observations, resulting in 976 pairs, the remainder consisting of observations of a single satellite. Mean residuals for the individual satellite positions relative to the SAT360 ephemeris were 4.3 km in the line direction and -2.4 km in the sample direction, with standard deviations of 5.6 and 7.0 km respectively, an order of magnitude improvement in precision compared to published HST observations. By considering inter-satellite separations, uncertainties in camera pointing and spacecraft positioning along with possible biases in the individual positions of the satellites can be largely eliminated, resulting in an order-of-magnitude increase in accuracy compared to that achievable using the individual satellite positions. We show how factors relating to the viewing geometry cause small biases in the individual positions of order 0.28 pixel to become systematic across the dataset as a whole and discuss options for reducing their effects . The reduced astrometric data are provided in the form of individual positions for each satellite, together with the measured positions of reference stars, in order to allow more flexibility in the processing of the observations, taking into account possible future advances in limb-fitting techniques as well as the future availability of more accurate star catalogues, such as those from the GAIA mission., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2014
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46. Dynamical parameter determinations in Pluto’s system

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Binzel, Richard P., Beauvalet, L., Lainey, V., Arlot, J.-E., Binzel, Richard P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Binzel, Richard P., Beauvalet, L., Lainey, V., Arlot, J.-E., and Binzel, Richard P
Abstract: Pluto is the multiple system that has been observed the longest. Yet, the masses of its smallest satellites, Nix and Hydra, which were discovered in 2005, are still imprecisely known, because of the short time span and number of available observations. We present a numerical model that takes into account the second order gravity fields and Pluto’s orbital motion in the solar system. We investigated the dynamical parameters that may be reliably determined today. We also assessed the possible improvements on the parameter uncertainties with the future increase of observations, including the New Horizons mission. Fitting our model to simulated data, we show that the precision of observations prevents the quantification of the polar oblateness J2 and equatorial bulge c22 of Pluto and Charon. Similarly, we show that the masses are on the detection limit. In particular, unless 25 observations are made every year, the mass of Nix may be constrained with confidence only with New Horizons data. Hydra’s mass will only be constrained by the probe. The recent discovery of P4 might change this situation, but our knowledge of this object is still too vague to draw any conclusion., United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (New Horizons Mission science team)
Published: 2014

47. Radioscience simulations in general relativity and in alternative theories of gravity

Author: UCL - SST/ELI - Earth and Life Institute, FUNDP - SMAT_Systèmes dynamiques, Hees, Aurélien, Lamine, B., Reynaud, S., Jaekel, M.-T., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lainey, V., Fuzfa, Andre, Courty, J.-M., Dehant, Véronique, Wolf, P., UCL - SST/ELI - Earth and Life Institute, FUNDP - SMAT_Systèmes dynamiques, Hees, Aurélien, Lamine, B., Reynaud, S., Jaekel, M.-T., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lainey, V., Fuzfa, Andre, Courty, J.-M., Dehant, Véronique, and Wolf, P.
Abstract: This paper deals with tests of general relativity (GR) in the Solar System using tracking observables from planetary spacecraft. We present a new software that simulates the Range and Doppler signals resulting from a given spacetime metric. This flexible approach allows one to perform simulations in GR as well as in alternative metric theories of gravity. The outputs of this software provide templates of anomalous residuals that should show up in real data if the underlying theory of gravity is not GR. Those templates can be used to give a rough estimation of constraints on additional parameters entering alternative theory of gravity and also signatures that can be searched for in data from past or future space missions aiming at testing gravitational laws in the Solar System. As an application of the potentiality of this software, we present some simulations performed for Cassini-like mission in post-Einsteinian gravity and in the context of MOND external field effect. We derive signatures arising from these alternative theories of gravity and estimate expected amplitudes of the anomalous residuals.
Published: 2012

48. The anelastic equilibrium tide in exoplanetary systems

Author: Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., Lainey, V., Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., and Lainey, V.
Abstract: Earth-like planets have anelastic mantles, whereas giant planets may have anelastic cores. As for the fluid parts of a body, the tidal dissipation of such solid regions, gravitationally perturbed by a companion body, highly depends on its internal friction, and thus on its internal structure. Therefore, modelling this kind of interaction presents a high interest to provide constraints on planet interiors, whose properties are still quite uncertain. Here, we examine the equilibrium tide in the solid central region of a planet, taking into account the presence of a fluid envelope. We first present the equations governing the problem, and show how to obtain the different Love numbers that describe its deformation. We discuss how the quality factor Q depends on the rheological parameters, and the size of the core. Taking plausible values for the anelastic parameters, and examinig the frequency-dependence of the solid dissipation, we show how this mechanism may compete with the dissipation in fluid layers, when applied to Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets. We also discuss the case of the icy giants Uranus and Neptune., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, proceeding of the SF2A-2012 conference: Semaine de l'Astrophysique Francaise, meeting held in Paris, France, June 20-23, 2012
Published: 2012

49. Constraining multiple systems with GAIA

Author: Beauvalet, L., Lainey, V., Arlot, J. -E., Bancelin, D., Binzel, R. P., Marchis, F., Beauvalet, L., Lainey, V., Arlot, J. -E., Bancelin, D., Binzel, R. P., and Marchis, F.
Abstract: GAIA will provide observations of some multiple asteroid and dwarf systems. These observations are a way to determine and improve the quantification of dynamical parameters, such as the masses and the gravity fields, in these multiple systems. Here we investigate this problem in the cases of Pluto's and Eugenia's system. We simulate observations reproducing an approximate planning of the GAIA observations for both systems, as well as the New Horizons observations of Pluto. We have developed a numerical model reproducing the specific behavior of multiple asteroid system around the Sun and fit it to the simulated observations using least-square method, giving the uncertainties on the fitted parameters. We found that GAIA will improve significantly the precision of Pluto's and Charon's mass, as well as Petit Prince's orbital elements and Eugenia's polar oblateness., Comment: 5 pages, accepted by Planetary and Space Science, Gaia GREAT-SSO-Pise
Published: 2012
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50. Anelastic tidal dissipation in multi-layer planets

Author: Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., Lainey, V., Remus, F., Mathis, S., Zahn, J. -P., and Lainey, V.
Abstract: Earth-like planets have viscoelastic mantles, whereas giant planets may have viscoelastic cores. The tidal dissipation of such solid regions, gravitationally perturbed by a companion body, highly depends on their rheology and on the tidal frequency. Therefore, modelling tidal interactions presents a high interest to provide constraints on planets' properties and to understand their history and their evolution, in our Solar System or in exoplanetary systems. We examine the equilibrium tide in the anelastic parts of a planet whatever the rheology, taking into account the presence of a fluid envelope of constant density. We show how to obtain the different Love numbers that describe its tidal deformation. Thus, we discuss how the tidal dissipation in solid parts depends on the planet's internal structure and rheology. Finally, we show how the results may be implemented to describe the dynamical evolution of planetary systems. The first manifestation of the tide is to distort the shape of the planet adiabatically along the line of centers. Then, the response potential of the body to the tidal potential defines the complex Love numbers whose real part corresponds to the purely adiabatic elastic deformation, while its imaginary part accounts for dissipation. This dissipation is responsible for the imaginary part of the disturbing function, which is implemented in the dynamical evolution equations, from which we derive the characteristic evolution times. The rate at which the system evolves depends on the physical properties of tidal dissipation, and specifically on how the shear modulus varies with tidal frequency, on the radius and also the rheological properties of the solid core. The quantification of the tidal dissipation in solid cores of giant planets reveals a possible high dissipation which may compete with dissipation in fluid layers., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2012
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