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We continue our series of papers on intergalactic medium (IGM) tracers using quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), having examined gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and blazars in earlier studies. We have estimated the IGM properties of hydrogen column density (N-HXIGM), temperature, and metallicity using XMM-Newton QSO spectra over a large redshift range, with a collisional ionization equilibrium model for the ionized plasma. The N-HXIGM parameter results were robust with respect to intrinsic power laws, spectral counts, reflection hump, and soft excess features. There is scope for a luminosity bias given both luminosity and N-HXIGM scale with redshift, but we find this unlikely given the consistent IGM parameter results across the other tracer types reviewed. The impact of intervening high-column density absorbers was found to be minimal. The N-HXIGM from the QSO sample scales as (1 + z)(1.5 +/- 0.2). The mean hydrogen density at z = 0 is n(0) = (2.8 +/- 0.3) x 10(-7 )cm(-3), the mean IGM temperature over the full redshift range is log(T/K) =6.5 +/- 0.1, and the mean metallicity is [X/H]= -1.3 +/- 0.1(Z similar to 0.05). Aggregating with our previous GRB and blazar tracers, we conclude that we have provided evidence of the IGM contributing substantially and consistently to the total X-ray absorption seen in the spectra. These results are based on the necessarily simplistic slab model used for the IGM, due to the inability of current X-ray data to constrain the IGM redshift distribution.

We demonstrate that the UV brightest quasars at z = 1-2 live in overdense environments. This is based on an analysis of deep Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 G141 grism spectroscopy of the galaxies along the lines-of-sight to UV luminous quasars in the redshift range z = 1-2. This constitutes some of the deepest grism spectroscopy performed by WFC3, with four roll angles spread over a year of observations to mitigate the effect of overlapping spectra. Of the 12 quasar fields studied, 8 display evidence for a galaxy overdensity at the redshift of the quasar. One of the overdensities, PG0117 + 213 at z = 1.50, has potentially 36 spectroscopically confirmed members, consisting of 19 with secure redshifts and 17 with single-line redshifts, within a cylinder of radius similar to 700 kpc. Its halo mass is estimated to be log (M/M-circle dot) = 14.7. This demonstrates that spectroscopic and narrow-band observations around distant UV bright quasars may be an excellent route for discovering protoclusters. Our findings agree with previous hints from statistical observations of the quasar population and theoretical works, as feedback regulated black hole growth predicts a correlation between quasar luminosity and halo mass. We also present the high signal-to-noise rest-frame optical spectral and photometric properties of the quasars themselves.

Petrographic and calcrete carbon isotope data from seasonally waterlogged Upper Silurian (Přídolí) to Lower Devonian (Pragian) palaeo-Vertisols of the Old Red Sandstone, South Wales, UK, are presented. The δ13C values mostly range from −9 to −12‰ (VPDB), suggesting that the soils were inhabited by abundant vegetation that when oxidized (perhaps with microbial assistance) resulted in CO2-rich soils. Such soils would favour calcrete precipitation through equilibration of soil zone CO2 with the relatively lower atmospheric pCO2. However, reliably estimating palaeoatmospheric pCO2 using these carbon isotope data is a challenge.

Petrographic and calcrete carbon isotope data from seasonally waterlogged Upper Silurian (Přídolí) to Lower Devonian (Pragian) palaeo-Vertisols of the Old Red Sandstone, South Wales, UK, are presented. The δ13C values mostly range from −9 to −12‰ (VPDB), suggesting that the soils were inhabited by abundant vegetation that when oxidized (perhaps with microbial assistance) resulted in CO2-rich soils. Such soils would favour calcrete precipitation through equilibration of soil zone CO2 with the relatively lower atmospheric pCO2. However, reliably estimating palaeoatmospheric pCO2 using these carbon isotope data is a challenge.

In this article, we use longitudinal morphometry (shape and size) measures of hippocampus in subjects with mild dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and nondemented controls in logistic discrimination. The morphometric measures we use are volume and metric distance measures at baseline and follow-up (two years apart from baseline). Morphometric differences with respect to a template hippocampus were measured by the metric distance obtained from the large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) algorithm. LDDMM assigns metric distances on the space of anatomical images, thereby allowing for the direct comparison and quantization of morphometric changes. We also apply principal component analysis (PCA) on volume and metric distance measures to obtain principal components that capture some salient aspect of morphometry. We construct classifiers based on logistic regression to distinguish diseased and healthy hippocampi (hence potentially diagnose the mild form of DAT). We consider logistic classifiers based on volume and metric distance change over time (from baseline to follow-up), on the raw volumes and metric distances, and on principal components from various types of PCA analysis. We provide a detailed comparison of the performance of these classifiers and guidelines for their practical use. Moreover, combining the information conveyed by volume and metric distance measures by PCA can provide a better biomarker for detection of dementia compared to volume, metric distance, or both., National Institutes of Health; NSF; NSERC; Pacific Alzheimer Research Foundation

The goal of this study was to gather information and develop a plan for tribes with radio stations and those without access to radio transmission facilities to use broad band media technologies to serve their communities. Since no research or data existed regarding Internet usage in Indian Country, this study sought to fill in this data gap and explore best practices and replicable models for developing broad band projects in Indian Country.

The goal of this study was to gather information and develop a plan for tribes with radio stations and those without access to radio transmission facilities to use broad band media technologies to serve their communities. Since no research or data existed regarding Internet usage in Indian Country, this study sought to fill in this data gap and explore best practices and replicable models for developing broad band projects in Indian Country.

The goal of this study was to gather information and develop a plan for tribes with radio stations and those without access to radio transmission facilities to use broad band media technologies to serve their communities. Since no research or data existed regarding Internet usage in Indian Country, this study sought to fill in this data gap and explore best practices and replicable models for developing broad band projects in Indian Country.

The goal of this study was to gather information and develop a plan for tribes with radio stations and those without access to radio transmission facilities to use broad band media technologies to serve their communities. Since no research or data existed regarding Internet usage in Indian Country, this study sought to fill in this data gap and explore best practices and replicable models for developing broad band projects in Indian Country.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2000, no. 3, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0001.306, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

Traces the life of Edmund F. Ball, son of one of the five Ball brothers whose company became the world's largest manufacturer of home canning jars. Begins with Ball's birth in 1905 in Muncie, Ind. and spans the twentieth century. Covers topics ranging from Ball's childhood to his work as CEO of Ball Corporation to his roles as community leader and philanthropist. Includes interviews with family, friends, and historians and interweaves events from Ball's life with the events of world history and Muncie's local history., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

ARKIVOC: vol. 2000, no. 3, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0001.306, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

Non-PR, IFPRI1; MP-14; Theme 12, FCND, This review of recent literature explores the urban face of food and nutrition security in a more comprehensive, integrated way than most previous efforts. The review is organized around a conceptual framework that identifies food insecurity, inadequate caring behaviors, and poor health as the primary causes of malnutrition. It discusses current knowledge in eight areas that require the special attention of policymakers, development practitioners, and program administrators who wish to improve urban food and nutrition security: the sources and cost of food; incomes and employment; urban agriculture; urban diets; child caregiving practices; childhood mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition; health and environment; and social assistance programs, or safety nets. The review also reports on the magnitude of rural-urban and intra-urban health differences in mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition. In conclusion, the review indicates which policy issues and knowledge gaps remain for future research to address.

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1586943%5DMICH-V-1586943, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1586943/MICH-V-1586943/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1418639%5DMICH-V-1418639, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1418639/MICH-V-1418639/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1571458%5DMICH-V-1571458, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1571458/MICH-V-1571458/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-626477%5DMICH-B-626477, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/626477/MICH-B-626477/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-625140%5DMICH-B-625140, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/625140/MICH-B-625140/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-559754%5DMICH-B-559754, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/559754/MICH-B-559754/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1434220%5DMICH-V-1434220, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1434220/MICH-V-1434220/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580979%5DMICH-V-1580979, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580979/MICH-V-1580979/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1600353%5DMICH-V-1600353, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1600353/MICH-V-1600353/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1419743%5DMICH-V-1419743, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1419743/MICH-V-1419743/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1418639%5DMICH-V-1418639, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1418639/MICH-V-1418639/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1571458%5DMICH-V-1571458, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1571458/MICH-V-1571458/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-626477%5DMICH-B-626477, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/626477/MICH-B-626477/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-625140%5DMICH-B-625140, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/625140/MICH-B-625140/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-559754%5DMICH-B-559754, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/559754/MICH-B-559754/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1434220%5DMICH-V-1434220, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1434220/MICH-V-1434220/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580001%5DMICH-V-1580001, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580001/MICH-V-1580001/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580000%5DMICH-V-1580000, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580000/MICH-V-1580000/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580001%5DMICH-V-1580001, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580001/MICH-V-1580001/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580000%5DMICH-V-1580000, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580000/MICH-V-1580000/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1443087%5DMICH-V-1443087, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1443087/MICH-V-1443087/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580001%5DMICH-V-1580001, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580001/MICH-V-1580001/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Pteridophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1580000%5DMICH-V-1580000, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1580000/MICH-V-1580000/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1443087%5DMICH-V-1443087, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1443087/MICH-V-1443087/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy