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166 p. (Parte I) 164 p. (Parte II), Un proceso de diseño conlleva un modelo completo de acciones: analíticas, creativas y ejecutivas, queabarcan tanto la ideación como la materialización del diseño. Estas acciones pueden interrelacionarse,haciendo avanzar los procesos experimentales, tal y como planteamos en este trabajo. Así, se aplica elaprender haciendo y la investigación- acción. Se estudian varias vías de exploración especulativa, para suejecución empírica.Se sigue este modo de trabajo para conseguir la creación de artefactos que incorporan un elementocultural y simbólico. Específicamente, se parte de la música, por su capacidad de crear vínculosemocionales en los individuos contemporáneos y se llega a imágenes casuales y táctiles, texturas queactivan lo sensible al tacto y que transmitirán el elemento simbólico (la música).La clave que sustenta nuestros procesos de diseño es la transducción. Una transducción física, en susentido de automatismo, y una transducción cultural, en los términos planteados por Gilbert Simondon(2008) como fenómeno inherente a los procesos humanos de creatividad, artística y técnica.Esta tesis doctoral muestra la validez de la transducción como base para un proceso de diseño que creaobjetos repetibles que incorporan un elemento cultural. A su vez, ofrece un modelo, un conjunto teóricoprácticocon amplio potencial para su desarrollo en prácticas artísticas y de diseño.

This study developed sensory polymeric materials for the colorimetric sensing of TNT in aqueous media. Solid films and coated fabrics permitted the detection of TNT, through colour change, and its quantification, by taking a picture of the materials and processing their RGB parameters to define the evolved colour., Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad-Feder, Consejeria de Educacion–Junta de Castilla y Leon, Depto. de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Topoisomerase I (TopoI) in Streptococcus pneumoniae, encoded by topA, is a suitable target for drug development. Seconeolitsine (SCN) is a new antibiotic that specifically blocks this enzyme. We obtained the topARA mutant, which encodes an enzyme less active than the wild type (topAWT) and more resistant to SCN inhibition. Likely due to the essentiality of TopoI, we were unable to replace the topAWT allele by the mutant topARA version. We compared the in vivo activity of TopoIRA and TopoIWT using regulated overexpression strains, whose genes were either under the control of a moderately (PZn) or a highly active promoter (PMal). Overproduction of TopoIRA impaired growth, increased SCN resistance and, in the presence of the gyrase inhibitor novobiocin (NOV), caused lower relaxation than TopoIWT. Differential transcriptomes were observed when the topAWT and topARA expression levels were increased about 5-fold. However, higher increases (10–15 times), produced a similar transcriptome, affecting about 52% of the genome, and correlating with a high DNA relaxation level with most responsive genes locating in topological domains. These results confirmed that TopoI is indeed the target of SCN in S. pneumoniae and show the important role of TopoI in global transcription, supporting its suitability as an antibiotic target.

Polymers are extensively used in food and beverage packaging to shield against contaminants and external damage due to their barrier properties, protecting the goods inside and reducing waste. However, current trends in polymers for food, water, and beverage applications are moving forward into the design and preparation of advanced polymers, which can act as active packaging, bearing active ingredients in their formulation, or controlling the head-space composition to extend the shelf-life of the goods inside. In addition, polymers can serve as sensory polymers to detect and indicate the presence of target species, including contaminants of food quality indicators, or even to remove or separate target species for later quantification. Polymers are nowadays essential materials for both food safety and the extension of food shelf-life, which are key goals of the food industry, and the irruption of smart materials is opening new opportunities for going even further in these goals. This review describes the state of the art following the last 10 years of research within the field of food and beverage polymer's applications, covering present applications, perspectives, and concerns related to waste generation and the circular economy.

Carlos V will play an important role in the educational panorama of the 16th century. He will be a key piece for the emergence of new institutions, he will intervene in others with an already consolidated trajectory and he will found three universities of which he will be patron: Granada, in 1526, and Mexico and Lima, both in 1551. In order to determine How the founding memory of the Carolina universities survives today, the study of the different shields used by them during their history has been undertaken., Carlos V desempeñará un importante papel en el panorama educativo del s. xvi. Será piedra angular en el nacimiento de nuevas instituciones, actuará en otras de trayectoria ya consolidada y fundará tres universidades de las que será patrono: Granada, en 1526, México y Lima, ambas en 1551. Con el fin de determinar cómo pervive hoy la memoria fundacional de las universidades carolinas, se ha acometido el estudio de los diferentes escudos utilizados por estas durante su historia.

We revise the future fate of a group of scalar-tensor theories known as kinetic gravity braiding models. As it is well-known, these theories can safely drive the expansion of the universe towards a future de Sitter state if the corresponding Lagrangian is invariant under constant shifts in the scalar field. However, this is not the only possible future state of these shift-symmetric models as we show in this letter. In fact, future cosmic singularities characterized by a divergence of the energy density can also appear in this framework. We present an explicit example where a big rip singularity is the only possible future fate of the cosmos., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Banco de Santander, Universidad del País Vasco, Basque Foundation of Science Ikerbasque, Gobierno Vasco, Depto. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos (IPARCOS), TRUE, pub

The first Marquis of Campotéjar, Pedro Granada Venegas Manrique, owned an important collection of portraits which, after his death, occupied the north pavilion of the Generalife Palace. The gallery was made up of portraits of components of the Granada Venegas dynasty, illustrious figures and members of the Hispanic monarchy. After the cessation of the lawsuit initiated by the Spanish State against the house of Campotéjar, the gallery was divided. The royal portraits remained in the national territory and those belonging to the members of the Granada-Venegas family were expatriated. In this work we have studied a portrait of don Juan de Austria who was identified as Carlos V. The descriptions made by travelers of the time have been compared, models that inspired the copy have been identified, the significance of this mistake and, finally, hypotheses that led to the incorrect classification have been raised., El primer marqués de Campotéjar, Pedro Granada Venegas Manrique, poseyó una importante colección de retratos que, tras su muerte, ocupó el pabellón norte del Palacio del Generalife. La galería estaba integrada por retratos de componentes de la dinastía Granada Venegas, personajes ilustres y miembros de la monarquía hispánica. Tras el cese del pleito iniciado por el Estado Español contra la casa de Campotéjar, la galería se dividió. Los retratos reales permanecieron en territorio nacional y los pertenecientes a los miembros de la familia Granada-Venegas fueron expatriados. En este trabajo hemos estudiado un retrato de don Juan de Austria que fue identificado como Carlos V. Se han comparado las descripciones realizadas por viajeros de la época, se han identificado modelos que inspiraron la copia, la trascendencia de esta equivocación y, finalmente, se han planteado hipótesis que indujeron a la incorrecta clasificación.

Currently, the flipped classroom methodology is one of the most used by teachers in higher education since it allows active and collaborative learning of students. The objective of this work is to describe the design and validation process of an instrument to evaluate the perception and satisfaction of university students regarding the flipped classroom model of a public higher education institution in Mexico. The research is descriptive, in which a questionnaire was designed that was submitted to validation by a panel of experts and the reliability validation was carried out by means of Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The results obtained from this process show that the instrument is valid for a reliable evaluation of the perception and satisfaction of university students regarding the flipped classroom model. It is concluded that the instrument and the elements that comprise it accurately represent and measure the content of the flipped classroom model that is intended to be evaluated., Actualmente la metodología de aula invertida es una de las más utilizadas por los docentes en la educación superior ya que permite el aprendizaje activo y colaborativo de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso de diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar la percepción y satisfacción de estudiantes universitarios respecto al modelo de aula invertida de una institución de educación superior pública en México. La investigación es descriptiva, en la cual se diseñó un cuestionario que se sometió a la validación por un panel de expertos y la validación de confiabilidad se llevó a cabo por medio del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados obtenidos de este proceso muestran que el instrumento es válido para realizar una evaluación confiable de la percepción y satisfacción de los estudiantes universitarios respecto al modelo de aula invertida. Se concluye que el instrumento y los elementos que lo integran representan y miden con precisión el contenido del modelo de aula invertida que se pretende evaluar.

[Resumo] Comprender os efectos do envellecemento e inflamación nas células nai mesenquimais é crucial para desenvolver terapias dirixidas a doenzas dexenerativas. Estas células exhiben efectos beneficiosos a través da súa actividade paracrina e a liberación de vesículas extracelulares, as cales mostraron ser unha alternativa ás terapias celulares en modelos preclínicos. Os perfís de células nai mesenquimais e as súas vesículas extracelulares varían coa idade e pódense modificar mediante o uso de micro-ARN, os cales derivarán á súa vez na regulación das respostas inmunitarias e inflamatorias. Nesta tese doutoral preséntanse os resultados obtidos tras a investigación dos efectos das vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células nai mesenquimais sobre os marcadores de envellecemento e pluripotencia en cultivos celulares, así como tamén os resultados procedentes da avaliación da carga proteica das mesmas. Todos estes resultados permitíronnos á súa vez levar a cabo a investigación sobre as propiedades antiinflamatorias destas vesículas derivadas de células nai mesenquimais modificadas para a inhibición da inflamación causada pola expresión de miR-21. Os nosos resultados resaltan a capacidade das vesículas extracelulares para influír no comportamento dos cultivos das células en función da súa composición, o que suxire o seu potencial para modificar as características celulares in vitro. Ademáis, o estudo reflicte a necesidade da optimización dun protocolo para o procesamento e análise proteico de maior calidade destas vesículas extracelulares. Os resultados do modelo animal de osteoartritis demostraron que, en xeral, as vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células nai mesenquimais, e en particular as derivadas de células con expresión inhibida de miR-21, exhibiron un potencial terapéutico significativo ao reducir a inflamación sistémica e inactivar a vía inflamatoria ERK1/2 e a confirmación do alivio do fenotipo secretor asociado a senescencia en varios órganos procedent, [Resumen] Comprender los efectos del envejecimiento e inflamación en las células madre mesenquimales es crucial para desarrollar terapias dirigidas a enfermedades degenerativas. Estas células exhiben efectos beneficiosos a través de su actividad paracrina y la liberación de vesículas extracelulares, las cuales han mostrado ser una alternativa potencial a las terapias de células en modelos preclínicos. Los perfiles de células madre mesenquimales y sus vesículas extracelulares varían con la edad y se pueden modificar mediante el uso de micro-ARN, los cuales derivarán a su vez en la regulación de las respuestas inmunitarias e inflamatorias. En esta tesis doctoral se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras la investigación de los efectos de las vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células madre mesenquimales sobre los marcadores de envejecimiento y pluripotencia en cultivos celulares, así como también los resultados procedentes de la evaluación de la carga proteica de las mismas. Todos estos resultados nos han permitido a su vez llevar a cabo la investigación sobre las propiedades antiinflamatorias de estas vesículas derivadas de células madre mesenquimales modificadas para la inhibición de la inflamación causada por la expresión de miR-21. Nuestros resultados resaltan la capacidad de las vesículas extracelulares para influir en el comportamiento de los cultivos de las células en función de su composición, lo que sugiere su potencial para modificar las características celulares in vitro. Además, el estudio refleja la necesidad de la optimización de un protocolo para el procesamiento y análisis proteico de mayor calidad de estas vesículas extracelulares. Los resultados del modelo animal de osteoartritis demostraron que, en general, las vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células madre mesenquimales, y en particular las derivadas de células con expresión inhibida de miR-21, exhibieron un potencial terapéutico significativo al reducir la inflamación sistémica e inactiva, [Abstract] Understanding the effects of aging and inflammation on mesenchymal stem cells is crucial for developing therapies targeted at degenerative diseases. These cells exhibit beneficial effects through their paracrine activity and the release of extracellular vesicles, which have shown potential as an alternative to cell-based therapies in preclinical models. The profiles of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles vary with age and can be modified using microRNAs, which in turn regulate immune and inflammatory responses. This doctoral thesis presents the results obtained from investigating the effects of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells on aging and pluripotency markers in cell cultures, as well as the results from evaluating their protein cargo. Furthermore, these results have allowed us to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of these vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells modified to inhibit inflammation caused by miR-21 expression. Our results highlight the capacity of extracellular vesicles to influence the behavior of cell cultures based on their composition, suggesting their potential to modify cellular characteristics in vitro. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for optimizing a protocol for the processing and higherquality protein analysis of these extracellular vesicles. The findings from the osteoarthritis animal model demonstrated that overall, extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells, particularly those derived from cells with inhibited miR-21 expression, exhibited significant therapeutic potential by reducing systemic inflammation and inactivating the ERK1/2 inflammatory pathway. Confirmation of the alleviation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in various organs from the osteoarthritis animal model further supported these results. These findings pave the way for the development of new therapies against aging-related diseases and inflammatory condition

[Abstract] Background: A challenging new branch of research related to aging-associated diseases is the identification of miRNAs capable of modulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which characterizes senescent cells and contributes to driving inflammation. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human umbilical cord stroma were stable modified using lentivirus transduction to inhibit miR-21-5p and shotgun proteomic analysis was performed in the MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) to check the effect of miR-21 inhibition in their protein cargo. Besides, we studied the paracrine effect of those modified extracellular vesicles and also their effect on SASP. Results: Syndecan-1 (SDC1) was the most decreased protein in MSC-miR21--derived EV, and it was involved in inflammation and EV production. MSC-miR21--derived EV were found to produce a statistically significant inhibitory effect on SASP and inflammaging markers expression in receptor cells, and in the opposite way, these receptor cells increased their SASP and inflammaging expression statistically significantly when treated with MSC-miR-21+-derived EV. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the importance of miR-21 in inflammaging and its role in SASP through SDC1.

[Resumo] Comprender os efectos do envellecemento e inflamación nas células nai mesenquimais é crucial para desenvolver terapias dirixidas a doenzas dexenerativas. Estas células exhiben efectos beneficiosos a través da súa actividade paracrina e a liberación de vesículas extracelulares, as cales mostraron ser unha alternativa ás terapias celulares en modelos preclínicos. Os perfís de células nai mesenquimais e as súas vesículas extracelulares varían coa idade e pódense modificar mediante o uso de micro-ARN, os cales derivarán á súa vez na regulación das respostas inmunitarias e inflamatorias. Nesta tese doutoral preséntanse os resultados obtidos tras a investigación dos efectos das vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células nai mesenquimais sobre os marcadores de envellecemento e pluripotencia en cultivos celulares, así como tamén os resultados procedentes da avaliación da carga proteica das mesmas. Todos estes resultados permitíronnos á súa vez levar a cabo a investigación sobre as propiedades antiinflamatorias destas vesículas derivadas de células nai mesenquimais modificadas para a inhibición da inflamación causada pola expresión de miR-21. Os nosos resultados resaltan a capacidade das vesículas extracelulares para influír no comportamento dos cultivos das células en función da súa composición, o que suxire o seu potencial para modificar as características celulares in vitro. Ademáis, o estudo reflicte a necesidade da optimización dun protocolo para o procesamento e análise proteico de maior calidade destas vesículas extracelulares. Os resultados do modelo animal de osteoartritis demostraron que, en xeral, as vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células nai mesenquimais, e en particular as derivadas de células con expresión inhibida de miR-21, exhibiron un potencial terapéutico significativo ao reducir a inflamación sistémica e inactivar a vía inflamatoria ERK1/2 e a confirmación do alivio do fenotipo secretor asociado a senescencia en varios órganos procedent, [Resumen] Comprender los efectos del envejecimiento e inflamación en las células madre mesenquimales es crucial para desarrollar terapias dirigidas a enfermedades degenerativas. Estas células exhiben efectos beneficiosos a través de su actividad paracrina y la liberación de vesículas extracelulares, las cuales han mostrado ser una alternativa potencial a las terapias de células en modelos preclínicos. Los perfiles de células madre mesenquimales y sus vesículas extracelulares varían con la edad y se pueden modificar mediante el uso de micro-ARN, los cuales derivarán a su vez en la regulación de las respuestas inmunitarias e inflamatorias. En esta tesis doctoral se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras la investigación de los efectos de las vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células madre mesenquimales sobre los marcadores de envejecimiento y pluripotencia en cultivos celulares, así como también los resultados procedentes de la evaluación de la carga proteica de las mismas. Todos estos resultados nos han permitido a su vez llevar a cabo la investigación sobre las propiedades antiinflamatorias de estas vesículas derivadas de células madre mesenquimales modificadas para la inhibición de la inflamación causada por la expresión de miR-21. Nuestros resultados resaltan la capacidad de las vesículas extracelulares para influir en el comportamiento de los cultivos de las células en función de su composición, lo que sugiere su potencial para modificar las características celulares in vitro. Además, el estudio refleja la necesidad de la optimización de un protocolo para el procesamiento y análisis proteico de mayor calidad de estas vesículas extracelulares. Los resultados del modelo animal de osteoartritis demostraron que, en general, las vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células madre mesenquimales, y en particular las derivadas de células con expresión inhibida de miR-21, exhibieron un potencial terapéutico significativo al reducir la inflamación sistémica e inactiva, [Abstract] Understanding the effects of aging and inflammation on mesenchymal stem cells is crucial for developing therapies targeted at degenerative diseases. These cells exhibit beneficial effects through their paracrine activity and the release of extracellular vesicles, which have shown potential as an alternative to cell-based therapies in preclinical models. The profiles of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles vary with age and can be modified using microRNAs, which in turn regulate immune and inflammatory responses. This doctoral thesis presents the results obtained from investigating the effects of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells on aging and pluripotency markers in cell cultures, as well as the results from evaluating their protein cargo. Furthermore, these results have allowed us to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of these vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells modified to inhibit inflammation caused by miR-21 expression. Our results highlight the capacity of extracellular vesicles to influence the behavior of cell cultures based on their composition, suggesting their potential to modify cellular characteristics in vitro. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for optimizing a protocol for the processing and higherquality protein analysis of these extracellular vesicles. The findings from the osteoarthritis animal model demonstrated that overall, extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells, particularly those derived from cells with inhibited miR-21 expression, exhibited significant therapeutic potential by reducing systemic inflammation and inactivating the ERK1/2 inflammatory pathway. Confirmation of the alleviation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in various organs from the osteoarthritis animal model further supported these results. These findings pave the way for the development of new therapies against aging-related diseases and inflammatory condition

Currently, the flipped classroom methodology is one of the most used by teachers in higher education since it allows active and collaborative learning of students. The objective of this work is to describe the design and validation process of an instrument to evaluate the perception and satisfaction of university students regarding the flipped classroom model of a public higher education institution in Mexico. The research is descriptive, in which a questionnaire was designed that was submitted to validation by a panel of experts and the reliability validation was carried out by means of Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The results obtained from this process show that the instrument is valid for a reliable evaluation of the perception and satisfaction of university students regarding the flipped classroom model. It is concluded that the instrument and the elements that comprise it accurately represent and measure the content of the flipped classroom model that is intended to be evaluated., Actualmente la metodología de aula invertida es una de las más utilizadas por los docentes en la educación superior ya que permite el aprendizaje activo y colaborativo de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el proceso de diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar la percepción y satisfacción de estudiantes universitarios respecto al modelo de aula invertida de una institución de educación superior pública en México. La investigación es descriptiva, en la cual se diseñó un cuestionario que se sometió a la validación por un panel de expertos y la validación de confiabilidad se llevó a cabo por medio del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados obtenidos de este proceso muestran que el instrumento es válido para realizar una evaluación confiable de la percepción y satisfacción de los estudiantes universitarios respecto al modelo de aula invertida. Se concluye que el instrumento y los elementos que lo integran representan y miden con precisión el contenido del modelo de aula invertida que se pretende evaluar.

[EN] Three new species, Achondrostoma garzonorum sp. nov., Achondrostoma asturicense sp. nov. and Achondrotoma numantinum sp. nov. are described on the basis of morphological and genetic characters. Achondrostoma garzonorum sp. nov. is restricted to the Cuerpo de Hombre and Alagón rivers (Tajo Drainage, Alagón sub-basin) and Corneja river (Duero Drainage, Tormes sub-basin) in western Spain. Achondrostoma garzonorum sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Achondrostoma species through a combination of morphometric, meristic and genetic characters: 43-49 ( ¯x = 45.9; Md = 46) canaliculate scales on the lateral line; 6-7 ( ¯x = 6.8; Md = 7) scales above the lateral line; 4-5 ( ¯x = 4.4; Md = 4) scales below the lateral line; a high caudal peduncle in proportion to the body depth; 5-5 pharyngeal teeth, narrow and high coronoid process of dentary and 3 autapomorphies, none of them transversions, in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Achondrostoma asturicense sp. nov. inhabits the sub-basin of the Esla river in the Duero Drainage of Spain. Achondrostoma asturicense sp. nov. can be differentiated from other Achondrostoma species through a set of morphometric, meristic and genetic characters: 38-44 ( ¯x = 40.9, Md = 41) canaliculate scales on the lateral line; 5-6 ( ¯x = 5.8,Md = 6) scales above the lateral line; 3-4 ( ¯x = 3.1, Md = 3) scales below the lateral line; a narrow skull; 5-5 pharyngeal teeth; and 13 autapomorphies in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, one of which is a transversion. Achondrostoma numantinum sp. nov. inhabits the Duero Drainage in Spain except for Esla and Sabor sub-basins and Corneja river within the Duero Drainage. Achondrostoma numantinum sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Achondrostoma species through a combination of morphometric, meristic and genetic characters: 43-48 ( ¯x = 45.1; Md = 45) canaliculate scales on the lateral line; 6-8 ( ¯x = 6.9; Md = 7) scales above the lateral line; 4-5 ( ¯x = 4.3; Md = 4) scales below the later, [ES] Se describen tres nuevas especies, Achondrostoma garzonorum sp. nov., Achondrostoma asturicense sp. nov. y Achondrotoma numantinum sp. nov., sobre la base de caracteres genéticos y morfológicos. La distribución de Achondrostoma garzonorum sp. nov. se restringe a los ríos Alagón y Cuerpo de Hombre (cuenca del Tajo, subcuenca del Alagón) y Corneja (cuenca del Duero, subcuenca del Tormes), oeste de España. Achondrostoma garzonorum sp. nov. se diferencia de otras especies del género Achondrostoma que viven en la Península Ibérica por una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos, como 43-49 ( ¯x = 45.9; Md = 46) escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-7 ( ¯x = 6.8; Md = 7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 4-5 ( ¯x = 4.4; Md = 4) escamas por debajo de la línea lateral, un pedúnculo caudal alto en comparación a la anchura del cuerpo; un alto y estrecho proceso coronoideo del dentario; 5-5 dientes faríngeos y 3 autapomorfias, ninguna de ellas transversiones, para el gen mitocondrial citocromo b. Achondrostoma asturicense sp. nov. vive en la subcuenca del río Esla dentro de la cuenca del Duero. Achondrostoma asturicense sp. nov. se diferencia de otras especies del género Achondrostoma que viven en la Península Ibérica por una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos, como 38-44 ( ¯x = 40.9, Md = 41) escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral;5-6 ( ¯x = 5.8, Md = 6) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 3-4 ( ¯x = 3.1, Md = 3) escamas por debajo de la línea lateral, un cráneo estrecho, 5-5 dientes faríngeos y 13 autapomorfias, una de ellas una transversión para el gen mitocondrial citocromo b. Achondrostoma numantinum sp. nov. vive en los ríos de la cuenca del Duero excepto en las subcuencas de los ríos Esla y Sabor y en el río Corneja. Achondrostoma numantinum sp. nov. se diferencia de otras especies del género Achondrostoma que viven en la Península Ibérica por una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merís

La calidad de la educación juega un papel fundamental en la preparación de individuos para enfrentar los desafíos de la sociedad actual; por lo que la calidad educativa no solo se trata de brindar conocimientos, sino también de diseñar y ejecutar estrategias efectivas que aseguren un aprendizaje significativo, inclusivo y equitativo para todos los estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la gestión estratégica de la calidad educativa, particularmente el impacto de la certificación del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en el índice de reprobación de los alumnos universitarios. Se siguió un estudio descriptivo, utilizando un diseño pretest-postest. Los datos se recabaron a través a través de las actas de calificaciones del archivo de Secretaría Académica de 1812 estudiantes universitarios de la Licenciatura de Médico Cirujano de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas. Los resultados permitieron determinar que no existe diferencia significativa entre el promedio general de los alumnos antes y después de la certificación del proceso. Se concluye que la gestión estratégica es medular en los procesos de calidad educativa que se ve incidido por los avances tecnológicos y la creciente demanda de competencias relevantes.

[Background] A challenging new branch of research related to aging-associated diseases is the identification of miRNAs capable of modulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which characterizes senescent cells and contributes to driving inflammation. [Methods] Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human umbilical cord stroma were stable modified using lentivirus transduction to inhibit miR-21-5p and shotgun proteomic analysis was performed in the MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) to check the effect of miR-21 inhibition in their protein cargo. Besides, we studied the paracrine effect of those modified extracellular vesicles and also their effect on SASP. [Results] Syndecan-1 (SDC1) was the most decreased protein in MSC-miR21−-derived EV, and it was involved in inflammation and EV production. MSC-miR21−-derived EV were found to produce a statistically significant inhibitory effect on SASP and inflammaging markers expression in receptor cells, and in the opposite way, these receptor cells increased their SASP and inflammaging expression statistically significantly when treated with MSC-miR-21+-derived EV. [Conclusion] This work demonstrates the importance of miR-21 in inflammaging and its role in SASP through SDC1

Editadas por Yolanda Guasch Marí, Iván Panduro Sáez y Rafael López Guzmán, las actas del V Congreso Internacional de Barroco Iberoamericano recogen un total de 32 ponencias, así como de 102 comunicaciones. La considerable suma de aportaciones hace constar que el barroco ha sido, y sigue siendo, uno de los periodos culturales más estudiados de la Historia. Aunque se unificó y extendió como un todo, las particularidades que presenta cada territorio lo han convertido en un movimiento muy atractivo para los investigadores. Desde 1980, con la ciudad italiana de Roma como primera sede, después Querétaro (1991), Sevilla (2001) y Ouro Preto (2006), vienen celebrándose estos importantes encuentros científicos que reúnen a investigadores de ambos lados del Atlántico. En 2020, Granada pretendía continuar la tarea intelectual iniciada en territorio italiano. Sin embargo, la pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 no solo obligó a retrasar la celebración del congreso un año, sino también a imponer el formato virtual para congresistas y asistentes.…

The burnout of students in training is the result of a set of personal and relational factors, as well as the conditions of the institution in which they are in academic training. At a personal and relational level, sleep deprivation, academic overload, imbalance between personal and academic life, avoidant coping mechanisms, vital crises in the academic career, low perception of self-efficacy, insufficient autonomy to face growing professional responsibilities, among others, influence. The objective of this work is to identify the incidence of burnout syndrome in university students during online classes due to confinement by COVID-19. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. The data was collected through a survey and the instrument was the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey Questionnaire applied to a non-random sample of 184 students from various areas of the South Campus of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, located in Mexico. The results show that 17.9% (33) of university students present burnout syndrome and the most affected dimension is emotional exhaustion. In conclusion, they reveal that in all dimensions the female sex is perceived with higher levels, that is, it was detected that women feel more emotionally exhausted, El burnout de los estudiantes en formación es el resultado de un conjunto de factores personales y relacionales, así como de las condiciones de la institución en la cual se encuentran en formación académica. A nivel personal y relacional, influyen privación de sueño, sobrecarga académica, desbalance entre la vida personal y académica, mecanismos evitativos de afrontamiento, crisis vitales en trayectoria académica, baja percepción de autoeficacia, insuficiente autonomía para enfrentar responsabilidades profesionales crecientes, entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar incidencia del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes universitarios durante las clases en línea debido al confinamiento por COVID-19. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Los datos se recabaron a través de una encuesta y el instrumento fue el Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey aplicado a una muestra no aleatoria de 184 estudiantes de diversas áreas del Campus Sur de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, ubicada en México. Los resultados muestran que el 17,9% (33) de los universitarios, presentan síndrome de burnout y la dimensión más afectada es cansancio emocional. En conclusión, revelan que en todas las dimensiones el sexo femenino se percibe con mayores niveles, es decir se detectó que las mujeres se sienten emocionalmente más agotadas.

The burnout of students in training is the result of a set of personal and relational factors, as well as the conditions of the institution in which they are in academic training. At a personal and relational level, sleep deprivation, academic overload, imbalance between personal and academic life, avoidant coping mechanisms, vital crises in the academic career, low perception of self-efficacy, insufficient autonomy to face growing professional responsibilities, among others, influence. The objective of this work is to identify the incidence of burnout syndrome in university students during online classes due to confinement by COVID-19. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. The data was collected through a survey and the instrument was the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey Questionnaire applied to a non-random sample of 184 students from various areas of the South Campus of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, located in Mexico. The results show that 17.9% (33) of university students present burnout syndrome and the most affected dimension is emotional exhaustion. In conclusion, they reveal that in all dimensions the female sex is perceived with higher levels, that is, it was detected that women feel more emotionally exhausted, El burnout de los estudiantes en formación es el resultado de un conjunto de factores personales y relacionales, así como de las condiciones de la institución en la cual se encuentran en formación académica. A nivel personal y relacional, influyen privación de sueño, sobrecarga académica, desbalance entre la vida personal y académica, mecanismos evitativos de afrontamiento, crisis vitales en trayectoria académica, baja percepción de autoeficacia, insuficiente autonomía para enfrentar responsabilidades profesionales crecientes, entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar incidencia del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes universitarios durante las clases en línea debido al confinamiento por COVID-19. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Los datos se recabaron a través de una encuesta y el instrumento fue el Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey aplicado a una muestra no aleatoria de 184 estudiantes de diversas áreas del Campus Sur de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, ubicada en México. Los resultados muestran que el 17,9% (33) de los universitarios, presentan síndrome de burnout y la dimensión más afectada es cansancio emocional. En conclusión, revelan que en todas las dimensiones el sexo femenino se percibe con mayores niveles, es decir se detectó que las mujeres se sienten emocionalmente más agotadas.

Orthodontic diagnosis as the axis of correct planning and at the same time the starting point of all preventive, interceptive and/or corrective treatment, denotes that in the 21st century it continues to be a dilemma or crossroads without a complete answer, due to the holistic conservative and non-conservative criteria of dental pieces: furthermore, if the different factors are considered as intrinsic and extrinsic, the evaluation criteria become more complex. In Latin America there is a high prevalence of individuals with skeletal class II characteristics with brachyfacial biotype, therefore, these become the most frequent in the dental office and every professional needs to be prepared or at least should have criteria for diagnosis, planning and treatment of the most frequent casuistry. From this point we solve the problem starting from the conservative diagnostic parameters applied to orthodontics in order to comply with the effectiveness of the treatment. In this clinical case a 25-year-old patient was examined for orthodontic treatment along with sequential diagnostic analysis including a thorough cephalometric study to determine the changes during the evolution of the conservative management of the case. Conclusion: It is possible to perform conservative orthodontic treatments by means of the various appliances created to date; however, when recognizing the characteristics of the biofacial type, the parameters change and become limiting; For this reason, this article presents the ideal management, without extraction of premolars and step by step correction of the characteristic brachyfacial malocclusion, skeletal class III, with increased overbite, deviation of the upper midline to the right, crowding in both arches with retroinclination and retrusion of upper and lower incisors., El diagnóstico ortodóncico como eje de la correcta planificación y a la vez punto de partida de todo tratamiento preventivo, interceptivo y/o correctivo, denota que en pleno siglo XXI sigua siendo una disyuntiva o encrucijada sin completa respuesta, debido a los criterios holísticos conservadores y no conservadores de piezas dentarias: además, si se consideran los diversos factores como intrínsecos y extrínsecos los criterios de evaluación se vuelven más complejos. En Latinoamérica existe alta prevalencia de individuos con características clase II esqueletal con biotipo braquifacial, por lo tanto, estos mismos se convierten en los más frecuentes en el consultorio y todo profesional requiere estar preparado o por lo menos debe tener criterios de diagnóstico, planificación y tratamiento de la casuística más frecuente. Objetivo: Resolver el problema partiendo de los parámetros diagnósticos conservadores aplicados a la ortodoncia para de esta manera cumplir con la efectividad del tratamiento. Materiales y Métodos: En este caso clínico se examinó a un paciente de 25 años de edad para realizar tratamiento ortodóncico junto con análisis secuencial de diagnóstico entre ellos el minucioso estudio cefalométrico para la determinación de los cambios durante la evolución del manejo conservador del caso. Conclusión: Es posible realizar tratamientos ortodóncicos conservadores por medio de las diversas aparatologías creadas hasta la actualidad; sin embargo, al reconocer las características del biotipofacial los parámetros cambian y se convierten en limitantes; por tal motivo, en el presente artículo se presenta el manejo ideal, sin extracción de premolares y paso a paso de la corrección de la maloclusión característica braquifacial, clase III esquelética, con overbite aumentado, desviación de la línea media superior hacia la derecha, apiñamiento en ambas arcadas con retroinclinación y retrusión de incisivos superiores e inferiores.

Introduction: Caries is a multifactorial disease that is presented by a dysbiosis of oral bacteria, which being acidogenic and aciduric produce the demineralization of the enamel and the destruction of the teeth, the treatment in times of pandemic by SARS COV2 was minimally invasive techniques in which the use of aerosols that allow to preserve the dental structure to the maximum is eliminated. Materials and Methods: Patient 5 years 1 month refers odontalgia in the left upper hemiarch, which prevents him from eating; therefore, minimally invasive techniques were used such as: evaluation of the patient’s risk, placement of fluoride shocks varnish, placement of Diamino silver fluoride, selective removal, learning of brushing technique to achieve the objective of rehabilitation of the patient. Results: The integral treatment with minimally invasive dental techniques in times of COVID-19 is of great help for oral health personnel in order to avoid contagion; in this way, these techniques can be used in Pediatric Dentistry in order to preserve the dental structure as much as possible, raise awareness among the patient and guardian about the importance of oral health and in addition to reducing the spread of aerosols in dental practice., Introducción: La caries es una enfermedad multifactorial que se presenta por una disbiosis de las bacterias orales, las cuales al ser acidogénicas y acidúricas producen la desmineralización del esmalte y la destrucción de las piezas dentales, el tratamiento en tiempos de pandemia por SARS COV2 fue técnicas mínimamente invasivas en la que se elimina el uso de aerosoles que permitan preservar al máximo la estructura dental. Materiales y Métodos: Paciente 5 años 1 mes refiere odontalgia en la hemiarcada superior izquierda, la cual le impide comer; por lo tanto, se emplearon técnicas mínimamente invasivas como: evaluación del riesgo de la paciente, colocación de choques de flúor barniz, colocación de Diamino fluoruro de plata, remoción selectiva, aprendizaje de técnica de cepillado para lograr el objetivo de rehabilitación de la paciente. Resultados: El tratamiento integral con técnicas odontológicas mínimamente invasivas en tiempos de COVID- 19 es de gran ayuda para el personal de la salud oral en pro de evitar contagios; de tal manera, estas técnicas pueden ser utilizadas en Odontopediatría con la finalidad de conservar al máximo la estructura dental, concienciar al paciente y tutor sobre la importancia de la salud oral y además de reducir la propagación de aerosoles en consulta odontológica.

Hoy en día la ciberseguridad es un campo al que hay que dar especial importancia, sobre todo de cara al ámbito empresarial. Muchas empresas realizan auditorias de ciberseguridad periódicas, pero normalmente se resta importancia a la hora de auditar el entorno y los dispositivos, mucho más si estos dispositivos son inalámbricos. Este proyecto consiste en la realización de una herramienta portátil que permita utilizarse en auditorías de ciberseguridad. Se ha centrado en auditar dispositivos inalámbricos como teclados y ratones, ya que existe un conjunto vulnerabilidades llamadas MouseJack. Debido a estas vulnerabilidades, es posible simular el teclado o ratón de la víctima y enviar código malicioso al equipo de la víctima. Se busca investigar las distintas herramientas que se pueden usar para poder hacer un dispositivo automatizado que realice una recolección de datos de dispositivos vulnerables para su posterior investigación y ataque.

After detecting behavioral problems in an early childhood education classroom and verifying the importance of intervening at early ages, we propose the design of an intervention plan through an educational proposition to modify the problematic behaviors. This proposition is focused on developing standards of conduct through computational thinking using robotics. Firstly, needs were identified; then, an educational proposition was implemented; and, lastly, the results were evaluated. For this study, a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) was used. The instruments selected were observation scale, interview and teacher’s diary. The results show a clear improvement of disruptive behaviors. The technology used contributed to the collaborative resolution of the problem, allowing the students to lead such resolution by stimulating their participation and creativity. Thus, it can be asserted that the development of computational thinking through educational robotics is effective for the improvement of social skills at early ages.

After detecting behavioral problems in an early childhood education classroom and verifying the importance of intervening at early ages, we propose the design of an intervention plan through an educational proposition to modify the problematic behaviors. This proposition is focused on developing standards of conduct through computational thinking using robotics. Firstly, needs were identified; then, an educational proposition was implemented; and, lastly, the results were evaluated. For this study, a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) was used. The instruments selected were observation scale, interview and teacher’s diary. The results show a clear improvement of disruptive behaviors. The technology used contributed to the collaborative resolution of the problem, allowing the students to lead such resolution by stimulating their participation and creativity. Thus, it can be asserted that the development of computational thinking through educational robotics is effective for the improvement of social skills at early ages.

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) symptoms range from mild to severe illness; the cause for this differential response to infection remains unknown. Unravelling the immune mechanisms acting at different levels of the colonization process might be key to understand these differences. We carried out a multi-tissue (nasal, buccal and blood; n = 156) gene expression analysis of immune-related genes from patients affected by different COVID-19 severities, and healthy controls through the nCounter technology. Mild and asymptomatic cases showed a powerful innate antiviral response in nasal epithelium, characterized by activation of interferon (IFN) pathway and downstream cascades, successfully controlling the infection at local level. In contrast, weak macrophage/monocyte driven innate antiviral response and lack of IFN signalling activity were present in severe cases. Consequently, oral mucosa from severe patients showed signals of viral activity, cell arresting and viral dissemination to the lower respiratory tract, which ultimately could explain the exacerbated innate immune response and impaired adaptative immune responses observed at systemic level. Results from saliva transcriptome suggest that the buccal cavity might play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and dissemination in patients with worse prognosis. Co-expression network analysis adds further support to these findings, by detecting modules specifically correlated with severity involved in the abovementioned biological routes; this analysis also provides new candidate genes that might be tested as biomarkers in future studies. We also found tissue specific severity-related signatures mainly represented by genes involved in the innate immune system and cytokine/chemokine signalling. Local immune response could be key to determine the course of the systemic response and thus COVID-19 severity. Our findings provide a framework to investigate severity host gene biomarkers and pathways that might be relevant to di

El uso de aulas virtuales es considerado un factor innovador como alternativa para generar una educación de calidad, evidenciado el relacionamiento docente y estudiante para la construcción de nuevos procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Para la presente investigación se definió el objetivo de analizar la gestión del rendimiento académico en estudiantes con el uso de aulas virtuales de la Licenciatura de Médico Cirujano de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, de Tampico-México. Con base a una metodología descriptiva longitudinal, como muestra se referenció a 463 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados permitieron determinar que el desarrollo del rendimiento estudiantil no se ve afectado desde la virtualidad, no existe diferencia significativa entre el promedio general de los alumnos antes y después del uso del aula virtual. A pesar de no encontrarse diferencias significativas en los promedios obtenidos, las calificaciones de los estudiantes que tomaron los cursos en línea demuestran que el uso del aula virtual abre una variedad de oportunidades para alcanzar los objetivos del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje.

Background: Pediatric osteoarticular infections (POAIs) are serious diseases requiring early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In this prospective multicenter cohort study, children with POAIs were selected from the European Union Childhood Life-threatening Infectious Diseases Study (EUCLIDS) database to analyze their demographic, clinical, and microbiological data. Results: A cohort of 380 patients with POAIs, 203 with osteomyelitis (OM), 158 with septic arthritis (SA), and 19 with both OM and SA, was analyzed. Thirty-five patients were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; out of these, six suffered from shock, one needed an amputation of the right foot and of four left toes, and two had skin transplantation. According to the Pediatric Overall Performance Score, 36 (10.5%) showed a mild overall disability, 3 (0.8%) a moderate, and 1 (0.2%) a severe overall disability at discharge. A causative organism was detected in 65% (247/380) of patients. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was identified in 57.1% (141/247) of microbiological confirmed cases, including 1 (0.7%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 6 (4.2%) Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing S. aureus, followed by Group A Streptococcus (18.2%) and Kingella kingae (8.9%). K. kingae and PVL production in S. aureus were less frequently reported than expected from the literature. Conclusion: POAIs are associated with a substantial morbidity in European children, with S. aureus being the major detected pathogen. In one-third of patients, no causative organism is identified. Our observations show an urgent need for the development of a vaccine against S. aureus and for the development of new microbiologic diagnostic guidelines for POAIs in European pediatric hospitals.

[Abstract] Osteoarthritis (OA) is closely linked to the increase in the number of senescent cells in joint tissues, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is implicated in cartilage degradation. In the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EV) in combination with the use of miRNAs to modify post-transcriptional expressions of multiple genes have shown their utility in new therapies to treat inflammatory diseases. This work delves into the anti-inflammatory effect of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) previously modified to inhibit the expression of miR-21. We compare the efficacy of two treatments, MSC with their miR-21 inhibited through lentiviral transfection and their EV, against inflammation in a new OA animal model. The modified MSC and their EV were intraperitoneally injected in an OA animal model twice. One month after treatment, we checked which therapy was the most effective to reduce inflammation compared with animals untreated. Treated OA model sera were analyzed for cytokines and chemokines. Subsequently, different organs were analyzed to validate the results obtained. EV were the most effective treatment to reduce chemokines and cytokines in serum of OA animals as well as SASP, in their organs checked by proteomic and genomic techniques, compared with MSC alone in a statistically significant way. In conclusion, MSC-miR-21--derived EV showed a higher therapeutic potential in comparison with MSCs-miR-21-. They ameliorate the systemic inflammation through inactivation of ERK1/2 pathway in OA in vivo model. Workflow of the realization of the animal model of OA by injecting cells into the joint cavity of the left knee of the animals, which produces an increase in serum cytokines and chemokines in the animals in addition to the increase in SASP and markers of inflammation. Inhibition of miR-21 in MSCs, from the stroma of the human umbilical cord, by lentivirus and extraction of their EVs by ultracentrifugation. F

The burnout of students in training is the result of a set of personal and relational factors, as well as the conditions of the institution in which they are in academic training. At a personal and relational level, sleep deprivation, academic overload, imbalance between personal and academic life, avoidant coping mechanisms, vital crises in the academic career, low perception of self-efficacy, insufficient autonomy to face growing professional responsibilities, among others, influence. The objective of this work is to identify the incidence of burnout syndrome in university students during online classes due to confinement by COVID-19. It is a descriptive, cross-sectional and analytical study. The data was collected through a survey and the instrument was the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey Questionnaire applied to a non-random sample of 184 students from various areas of the South Campus of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, located in Mexico. The results show that 17.9% (33) of university students present burnout syndrome and the most affected dimension is emotional exhaustion. In conclusion, they reveal that in all dimensions the female sex is perceived with higher levels, that is, it was detected that women feel more emotionally exhausted, El burnout de los estudiantes en formación es el resultado de un conjunto de factores personales y relacionales, así como de las condiciones de la institución en la cual se encuentran en formación académica. A nivel personal y relacional, influyen privación de sueño, sobrecarga académica, desbalance entre la vida personal y académica, mecanismos evitativos de afrontamiento, crisis vitales en trayectoria académica, baja percepción de autoeficacia, insuficiente autonomía para enfrentar responsabilidades profesionales crecientes, entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar incidencia del síndrome de burnout en estudiantes universitarios durante las clases en línea debido al confinamiento por COVID-19. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico. Los datos se recabaron a través de una encuesta y el instrumento fue el Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey aplicado a una muestra no aleatoria de 184 estudiantes de diversas áreas del Campus Sur de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, ubicada en México. Los resultados muestran que el 17,9% (33) de los universitarios, presentan síndrome de burnout y la dimensión más afectada es cansancio emocional. En conclusión, revelan que en todas las dimensiones el sexo femenino se percibe con mayores niveles, es decir se detectó que las mujeres se sienten emocionalmente más agotadas.

Conservation of biodiversity entails not just the preservation of specific taxa, but also genetic diversity. Despite the fact that molecular data appear to be crucial for freshwater fish conservation management, the information about genetic diversity of the genus Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843 populations in Morocco is still very rare. Accordingly, this study’s main purpose was to present genetic and biogeographic information of nine Luciobarbus species out of 15 Luciobarbus species native to Morocco. Sequencing of the complete cytochrome b gene (1140 bp) confirmed the presence of two evolutionary lineages of Luciobarbus in Morocco and displayed low to high level of genetic diversity within Luciobarbus populations. Populations with the largest size had the highest level of genetic diversity, according to our findings. Moreover, the “star-like” shape of the haplotype networks along with low and insignificant value of the Harpending raggedness index supported the hypothesis of population expansion in Luciobarbus populations. Nevertheless, additional investigations should ideally be undertaken separately for each species in order to untangle genetic diversity trends.

[Abstract] The accumulation process of proinflammatory components in the body due to aging influences intercellular communication and is known as inflammaging. This biological mechanism relates the development of inflammation to the aging process. Recently, it has been reported that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are mediators in the transmission of paracrine senescence involved in inflammatory aging. For this reason, their components, as well as mechanisms of action of sEVs, are relevant to develop a new therapy called senodrugs (senolytics and senomorphic) that regulates the intercellular communication of inflammaging. In this review, we include the most recent and relevant studies on the role of sEVs in the inflammatory aging process and in age-related diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes.

Polymers are extensively used in food and beverage packaging to shield against contaminants and external damage due to their barrier properties, protecting the goods inside and reducing waste. However, current trends in polymers for food, water, and beverage applications are moving forward into the design and preparation of advanced polymers, which can act as active packaging, bearing active ingredients in their formulation, or controlling the head-space composition to extend the shelf-life of the goods inside. In addition, polymers can serve as sensory polymers to detect and indicate the presence of target species, including contaminants of food quality indicators, or even to remove or separate target species for later quantification. Polymers are nowadays essential materials for both food safety and the extension of food shelf-life, which are key goals of the food industry, and the irruption of smart materials is opening new opportunities for going even further in these goals. This review describes the state of the art following the last 10 years of research within the field of food and beverage polymer’s applications, covering present applications, perspectives, and concerns related to waste generation and the circular economy., This work was supported by the Regional Government of Castilla y León (Junta de Castilla y León) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN and the European Union NextGeneration EU PRTR. The project leading to these results has received funding from “La Caixa” Foundation, under the agreement LCF/PR/PR18/51130007. We also gratefully acknowledge the grant PID2020-113264RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. Finally, we want to acknowledge the funding from Ministerio de UniversidadesEuropean Union in the frame of NextGenerationEU RD 289/2021 (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-CA1/RSUE/2021-00409).

El autoconcepto y la autoestima son dos componentes esenciales de la personalidad que influyen en la forma en la que las personas se relacionan con su entorno. La etapa de Educación Infantil es clave para la formación de la personalidad, y ante ello nos preguntamos: ¿cómo podemos trabajar estos aspectos en el aula, otorgándole la importancia que merece? Como respuesta a este interrogante, nace la presente intervención llevada a cabo en el CEIP Ortiz de Zúñiga (Sevilla), concretamente en un aula de 4 años. El objetivo principal de la misma se centra en fomentar ambos aspectos, generando un ambiente de confianza y compañerismo, pues los iguales son esenciales. Para la consecución de los objetivos propuestos, se plantea una metodología activa y participativa, a la vez que abierta y reflexiva. Asimismo, se presentan los cortos de animación como elemento motivador en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, con la intención de dar a conocer el mundo del cine a la infancia. El TFG concluye con que los cortos de animación son una buena herramienta didáctica para educar en Educación Infantil y un excelente recurso para trabajar en autoconcepto y la autoestima, obteniendo beneficios de diversa índole., Self-concept and self-esteem are two essential components of personality that influence the way in which people relate to their environment. The Early Childhood Education stage is key for the formation of personality, and so we ask ourselves: how can we work on these aspects in the classroom, giving them the importance they deserve? In response to this question, this intervention was carried out at CEIP Ortiz de Zúñiga (Seville), specifically in a 4-year-old classroom. The main objective of this intervention is focused on promoting both aspects, generating an atmosphere of trust and companionship, since peers are essential. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, an active and participative methodology is proposed, as well as an open and reflexive one. Likewise, animated short films are presented as a motivating element in the teaching learning process, with the intention of introducing the world of cinema to children. The TFG concludes that animated short films are a good didactic tool to educate in Early Childhood Education and an excellent resource to work on self-concept and self esteem, obtaining benefits of various kinds

M. Gloria Ríos Guardiola; Encarna Esteban Bernabé; M. Belén Hernández González (eds.). Academia del Hispanismo (Vigo), Serie Biblioteca Daphne, 2020, 206 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17696-30-6

M. Gloria Ríos Guardiola; Encarna Esteban Bernabé; M. Belén Hernández González (eds.). Academia del Hispanismo (Vigo), Serie Biblioteca Daphne, 2020, 206 pp. ISBN: 978-84-17696-30-6

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión narrativa sobre la información disponible acerca del acondicionamiento, adhesión y cementado de aparatología ortodóncica en dientes con alteraciones del esmalte. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, se encontraron 178 artículos científicos disponibles en fuentes fiables y efectivas como Google Académico, Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Scientific Reports y Elsevier relacionados con el acondicionamiento, adhesión y cementado de aparatología ortodóncica en dientes con alteraciones del esmalte; de los cuales, se seleccionaron 29 artículos que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: El grabado con ácido fosfórico al 37% con el uso de resinas y componentes remineralizantes son más efectivos que otros materiales estudiados como el hipoclorito de sodio, el ácido clorhídrico, gel de bromelina y gel de papaína durante el tratamiento ortodóncico en órganos dentales afectados por alteraciones del esmalte. Conclusión: Los materiales que mejoran el acondicionamiento, adhesión y cementado de aparatología ortodóncica en dientes con alteraciones del esmalte son el ácido fosfórico, hipoclorito de sodio (NaCIO) al 5,25% y que el uso de agentes desproteinizantes podrían mejorar la resistencia de la resina al desalojo., Objective: Carry out a narrative review on the information available about the conditioning, bonding, and cementation of orthodontic appliances in teeth with enamel alterations. Materials and methods: Descriptive, retrospective research with a documentary design was carried out. 178 scientific articles were found in reliable sources such as Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Scientific Reports, and Elsevier related to the conditioning, bonding, and cementation of orthodontic appliances in teeth with enamel alterations; of which, 29 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Results: Etching with 37% phosphoric acid plus composites remineralizing ingredients were more effective during orthodontic treatment in teeth with enamel alterations than other studied materials such as sodium hypochlorite, hydrochloric acid, bromelain gel, and papain gel. Conclusion: The materials that improve the conditioning, bonding, and cementation of orthodontic appliances in teeth with enamel alterations are phosphoric acid and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) with a concentration of 5.25%. Also, using deproteinizing agents could improve the resistance of the composite to eviction.

La necesidad de atender a la diversidad de alumnos escolarizados en los centros españoles, resulta una de las cuestiones más discutidas en el ámbito de la educación, desde las políticas educativas hasta las propuestas prácticas de la escuela que busca ser inclusiva. Esta investigación pone su foco en los alumnos que poseen altas capacidades, un colectivo que resulta difícil de definir e identificar debido a su heterogeneidad y características multidisciplinares (Martínez – Otero et al., 2020; Sanz, 2020; Tourón, 2020). Asumiendo la urgencia que supone detectar a estos alumnos y responder a sus demandas educativas, el objetivo principal que subyace es validar la Escala de Observación de las Altas Capacidades para Profesorado (ESOBAC-PROF) y la escala de indicadores de creatividad en población española, a través de la aplicación de los instrumentos a participantes docentes y alumnos escolarizados en diferentes centros de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria de diferentes comunidades autónomas (150 profesores y 500 alumnos, de los cuales, 70 deben estar diagnosticados con altas capacidades). Se trata de una investigación trasversal que sigue un diseño no experimental de carácter descriptivo con un enfoque ex post – facto para la comprobación de las hipótesis del estudio. Para analizar la validez de la escala de indicadores de creatividad, se llevará a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio y para el análisis de los resultados se realizarán pruebas de estadísticos descriptivos, pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Como resultados, se espera alcanzar los objetivos de la investigación previa desarrollada por Ribero (2013) en la validación de la Escala Observacional de Superdotación para Profesorado (Martínez – Otero, 2004) con población portuguesa., The need to attend to the diversity of students within the Spanish education system has become one of the most widely discussed issues in the field of education, from education polices to the proposed practices in schools that aim to be inclusive. This research focuses on those students who are highly gifted, a group which is difficult to define and to identify because of their heterogeneity and their multidisciplinary characteristics. Recognizing the urgency in detecting who these students are and in responding to their education demands, the main objective underlying this research is to validate the Highly Gifted Students Observation Scale for Teachers (ESOBC-PROF), as well as the scale of creativity indicators, in the Spanish population through the application of the instruments amongst participating teachers and school children in different primary and secondary education centers located in different autonomous regions (150 teachers and 500 students, of which 70 should be diagnosed as highly gifted). This is a cross- sectional study that follows a descriptive non-experimental design. It is an ex post-facto approach to test the study’s hypothesis. To analyse the validity of the creativity indicator scale, an exploratory factor analysis will be carried out. Descriptive statistics and parametric as well as non-parametric tests will be done for the analysis of the results. It is expected to achieve similar results to those obtained in the previous research developed by Ribero (2013), who validated the Gifted Student Observation al Scale for Teachers (Martínez – Otero, 2004) with the Portuguese population.

Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH; OMIM 166350) is a rare autosomal-dominant genetic disorder in which extra-skeletal bone forms within skin and muscle tissue. POH is one of the clinical manifestations of an inactivating mutation in the GNAS gene. GNAS gene alterations are difficult matter to address, as GNAS alleles show genetic imprinting and produce several transcript products, and the same mutation may lead to strikingly different phenotypes. Also, most of the publications concerning POH patients are either clinical depictions of a case (or a case series), descriptions of their genetic background, or a tentative correlation of both clinical and molecular findings. Treatment for POH is rarely addressed, and POH still lacks therapeutic options. We describe a unique case of POH in two monochorionic twins, who presented an almost asymptomatic vs. the severe clinical course, despite sharing the same mutation and genetic background. We also report the results of the therapeutic interventions currently available for heterotopic ossification in the patient with the severe course. This article not only critically supports the assumption that the POH course is strongly influenced by factors beyond genetic background but also remarks the lack of options for patients suffering an orphan disease, even after testing drugs with promising in vitro results

After the European colonization of the Americas there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it to DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel (16th c. – 18th c.) where records suggest victims of epidemics were buried during important outbreaks in Mexico City. This allowed us to reconstruct three ancient human parvovirus B19 genomes, and one ancient human hepatitis B virus genome from distinct individuals. The viral genomes are similar to African strains, consistent with the inferred morphological and genetic African ancestry of the hosts as well as with the isotopic analysis of the human remains, suggesting an origin on the African continent. This study provides direct molecular evidence of ancient viruses being transported to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and their subsequent introduction to New Spain. Altogether, our observations enrich the discussion about the etiology of infectious diseases during the Colonial period in Mexico.

After the European colonization of the Americas there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it to DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel (16th c. – 18th c.) where records suggest victims of epidemics were buried during important outbreaks in Mexico City. This allowed us to reconstruct three ancient human parvovirus B19 genomes, and one ancient human hepatitis B virus genome from distinct individuals. The viral genomes are similar to African strains, consistent with the inferred morphological and genetic African ancestry of the hosts as well as with the isotopic analysis of the human remains, suggesting an origin on the African continent. This study provides direct molecular evidence of ancient viruses being transported to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and their subsequent introduction to New Spain. Altogether, our observations enrich the discussion about the etiology of infectious diseases during the Colonial period in Mexico.

In the present protocol, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from a primary culture of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated by ultracentrifugation processes, characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and measured by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Protein was extracted from EVs using RIPA buffer and then was assessed for integrity. The proteomic content of the total EV protein samples was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after labeling by tandem mass tag (TMT). This combined approach allowed the development of an effective strategy to study the protein cargo from MSC-derived EVs

[Abstract] Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a deadly childhood disorder, which is considered a very rare disease. It is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation on the LMNA gene, and it is characterized by accelerated aging. Human cell lines from HGPS patients and healthy parental controls were studied in parallel using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to unravel new non-previously altered molecular pathways. Nine hundred and eleven transcripts were differentially expressed when comparing healthy versus HGPS cell lines from a total of 21,872 transcripts; ITPR1, ITPR3, CACNA2D1, and CAMK2N1 stood out among them due to their links with calcium signaling, and these were validated by Western blot analysis. It was observed that the basal concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was statistically higher in HGPS cell lines compared to healthy ones. The relationship between genes involved in Ca2+ signaling and mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) was demonstrated through cytosolic calcium handling by means of an automated fluorescent plate reading system (FlexStation 3, Molecular Devices), and apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS production were examined by means of flow cytometry analysis. Altogether, our data suggest that the Ca2+ signaling pathway is altered in HGPS at least in part due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results unravel a new therapeutic window for the treatment of this rare disease and open new strategies to study pathologies involving both accelerated and healthy aging.

[Abstract] Mesenchymal stem cells have an important potential in the treatment of age-related diseases. In the last years, small extracellular vesicles derived from these stem cells have been proposed as cell-free therapies. Cellular senescence and proinflammatory activation are involved in the loss of therapeutic capacity and in the phenomenon called inflamm-aging. The regulators of these two biological processes in mesenchymal stem cells are not well-known. In this study, we found that p65 is activated during cellular senescence and inflammatory activation in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell. To demonstrate the central role of p65 in these two processes, we used smallmolecular inhibitors of p65, such as JSH-23, MG-132 and curcumin. We found that the inhibition of p65 prevents the cellular senescence phenotype in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Besides, p65 inhibition produced the inactivation of proinflammatory molecules as components of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) (interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 (IL-6 and IL-8)). Additionally, we found that the inhibition of p65 prevents the transmission of paracrine senescence between mesenchymal stem cells and the proinflammatory message through small extracellular vesicles. Our work highlights the important role of p65 and its inhibition to restore the loss of functionality of small extracellular vesicles from senescent mesenchymal stem cells and their inflamm-aging signature.

Mesenchymal stem cells and the extracellular vesicles produced by them have been shown to be a powerful alternative for the treatment of inflammatory processes in different diseases associated with aging. Mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord strome and their derived extracellular vesicles were modified by lentiviral expression to inhibir their miR‐21‐5p. Shotgun proteomic analysis was performed in the extracelular vesicles miR21‐/‐ vs extracelular vesicles control to check which proteins were modified because of inhibition of miR21. A total of 1.861 proteins were identified at least with a unique peptide and we have able to establish the proteomic profile of miR21‐/‐ extracelular vesicles vs no modified extracelular vesicles. 112 proteins were modulated by miR21‐/‐ related to inflammation. On the other way, these modified mesenchymal stem cell and their extracellular vesicles were intraperitoneally injected in an Osteoarthritis animal model by twice. One month after treatment, the animals were eutanized to check SASP and cytokine markers and which therapy was the most affective to reduce inflammation and SASP comparing with animals untreated. Both treatments presented the same efective to reduce SASP and cytokine levels. So, miR21 is modulating SASP, inflammation and extracelular vesicles production which make it a good candidate to generate a new anti‐inflammatory therapy

[ES] El presente proyecto trata de un Centro de investigación desarrollo e innovación destinado al emprendimiento y creación de empresas ubicado en la ciudad de Castellón en una parcela de aproximadamente 7.000m2. Al tratarse de una parcela ubicada al borde del cauce del Riu Sec en Castellón la propuesta trata de orientarse hacia él, de esta forma se revaloriza el entorno del río, siendo una oportunidad de regeneración de cauce, poniéndolo en valor. El entorno se encuentra muy disgregado, muchas de las edificaciones se encuentran muy degradadas, por lo que se reorganiza toda la zona, proponiendo nuevos viales, tanto peatonales como rodados, conectando así la parcela con la zona y aumentando la densidad de edificación. También se propone la creación de un parque lineal a lo largo del cauce del río creando así un espacio público que conecte el río con la propuesta. El proyecto trata de romper con la trama urbana existente en la ciudad, adaptándose a su vez a los límites de la parcela. Se proponen varios volúmenes inclinados, definiendo así una nueva geometría donde predominan las líneas oblicuas. Se toman las distintas alineaciones existentes para dar forma a la propuesta y tener así un punto de partida. Por un lado, se propone tomar como eje vertebrador el cauce del río, lo que será la primera premisa que conformará posteriormente todo el proyecto. Por otro lado, las alineaciones de los viales colindantes se toman como elemento secundario para dar forma al proyecto. La relación del interior con el exterior es constante en todo momento, los patios tratan de mantener esta relación además de aportar iluminación natural al interior, tomando bastante protagonismo en el proyecto. Los patios se intercalan entre los edificios para proporcionar luz a las distintas estancias y mantener una relación constante con el exterior. Para enfatizar esta idea se propone extender la cubierta en las zonas al aire libre para mantener la continuidad entre el interior y el exterior. Para alb, [EN] The present project deals with a Center of research development and innovation destined to the business entrepreneurship and creation of companies located in the city of Castellón on a plot of approximately 7,000m2. Being a plot located on the edge of the channel of the "Riu Sec" in Castellón the proposal tries to orient itself towards it, in this way the river environment is revalued, being an opportunity to regenerate the channel, putting it into value. The environment is very disintegrated, many of the buildings are very degraded, so the entire area is reorganized, proposing new roads, both pedestrian and road, connecting the plot with the area and increasing the density of building. It also proposes the creation of a linear park along the riverbed, creating a public space that connects the river with the proposal. The project tries to break with the existing urban plot, adapting in turn to the boundaries of the plot. Several inclined volumes are proposed, thus defining a new geometry where oblique lines predominate. The different existing alignments are taken to shape the proposal and thus have a starting point. On the one hand, it is proposed to take as a backbone the river channel, which will be the first premise that will later shape the entire project. On the other hand, the alignments of the adjacent roads are taken as a secondary element to shape the project. The relationship of the inside with the outside is constant all the times, the courtyards try to maintain this relationship as well as providing natural lighting to the interior, taking quite a leading role in the project. The yard is located between the buildings to provide light to the different rooms and maintain a constant relationship with the outside. To emphasize this idea it is proposed to extend the roof in outdoor areas to maintain continuity between the interior and exterior. To house the program, different volumes are proposed, differentiated and separated from each other by means of

[ES] El presente proyecto trata de un Centro de investigación desarrollo e innovación destinado al emprendimiento y creación de empresas ubicado en la ciudad de Castellón en una parcela de aproximadamente 7.000m2. Al tratarse de una parcela ubicada al borde del cauce del Riu Sec en Castellón la propuesta trata de orientarse hacia él, de esta forma se revaloriza el entorno del río, siendo una oportunidad de regeneración de cauce, poniéndolo en valor. El entorno se encuentra muy disgregado, muchas de las edificaciones se encuentran muy degradadas, por lo que se reorganiza toda la zona, proponiendo nuevos viales, tanto peatonales como rodados, conectando así la parcela con la zona y aumentando la densidad de edificación. También se propone la creación de un parque lineal a lo largo del cauce del río creando así un espacio público que conecte el río con la propuesta. El proyecto trata de romper con la trama urbana existente en la ciudad, adaptándose a su vez a los límites de la parcela. Se proponen varios volúmenes inclinados, definiendo así una nueva geometría donde predominan las líneas oblicuas. Se toman las distintas alineaciones existentes para dar forma a la propuesta y tener así un punto de partida. Por un lado, se propone tomar como eje vertebrador el cauce del río, lo que será la primera premisa que conformará posteriormente todo el proyecto. Por otro lado, las alineaciones de los viales colindantes se toman como elemento secundario para dar forma al proyecto. La relación del interior con el exterior es constante en todo momento, los patios tratan de mantener esta relación además de aportar iluminación natural al interior, tomando bastante protagonismo en el proyecto. Los patios se intercalan entre los edificios para proporcionar luz a las distintas estancias y mantener una relación constante con el exterior. Para enfatizar esta idea se propone extender la cubierta en las zonas al aire libre para mantener la continuidad entre el interior y el exterior. Para alb, [EN] The present project deals with a Center of research development and innovation destined to the business entrepreneurship and creation of companies located in the city of Castellón on a plot of approximately 7,000m2. Being a plot located on the edge of the channel of the "Riu Sec" in Castellón the proposal tries to orient itself towards it, in this way the river environment is revalued, being an opportunity to regenerate the channel, putting it into value. The environment is very disintegrated, many of the buildings are very degraded, so the entire area is reorganized, proposing new roads, both pedestrian and road, connecting the plot with the area and increasing the density of building. It also proposes the creation of a linear park along the riverbed, creating a public space that connects the river with the proposal. The project tries to break with the existing urban plot, adapting in turn to the boundaries of the plot. Several inclined volumes are proposed, thus defining a new geometry where oblique lines predominate. The different existing alignments are taken to shape the proposal and thus have a starting point. On the one hand, it is proposed to take as a backbone the river channel, which will be the first premise that will later shape the entire project. On the other hand, the alignments of the adjacent roads are taken as a secondary element to shape the project. The relationship of the inside with the outside is constant all the times, the courtyards try to maintain this relationship as well as providing natural lighting to the interior, taking quite a leading role in the project. The yard is located between the buildings to provide light to the different rooms and maintain a constant relationship with the outside. To emphasize this idea it is proposed to extend the roof in outdoor areas to maintain continuity between the interior and exterior. To house the program, different volumes are proposed, differentiated and separated from each other by means of

[ES] El presente proyecto trata de un Centro de investigación desarrollo e innovación destinado al emprendimiento y creación de empresas ubicado en la ciudad de Castellón en una parcela de aproximadamente 7.000m2. Al tratarse de una parcela ubicada al borde del cauce del Riu Sec en Castellón la propuesta trata de orientarse hacia él, de esta forma se revaloriza el entorno del río, siendo una oportunidad de regeneración de cauce, poniéndolo en valor. El entorno se encuentra muy disgregado, muchas de las edificaciones se encuentran muy degradadas, por lo que se reorganiza toda la zona, proponiendo nuevos viales, tanto peatonales como rodados, conectando así la parcela con la zona y aumentando la densidad de edificación. También se propone la creación de un parque lineal a lo largo del cauce del río creando así un espacio público que conecte el río con la propuesta. El proyecto trata de romper con la trama urbana existente en la ciudad, adaptándose a su vez a los límites de la parcela. Se proponen varios volúmenes inclinados, definiendo así una nueva geometría donde predominan las líneas oblicuas. Se toman las distintas alineaciones existentes para dar forma a la propuesta y tener así un punto de partida. Por un lado, se propone tomar como eje vertebrador el cauce del río, lo que será la primera premisa que conformará posteriormente todo el proyecto. Por otro lado, las alineaciones de los viales colindantes se toman como elemento secundario para dar forma al proyecto. La relación del interior con el exterior es constante en todo momento, los patios tratan de mantener esta relación además de aportar iluminación natural al interior, tomando bastante protagonismo en el proyecto. Los patios se intercalan entre los edificios para proporcionar luz a las distintas estancias y mantener una relación constante con el exterior. Para enfatizar esta idea se propone extender la cubierta en las zonas al aire libre para mantener la continuidad entre el interior y el exterior. Para alb, [EN] The present project deals with a Center of research development and innovation destined to the business entrepreneurship and creation of companies located in the city of Castellón on a plot of approximately 7,000m2. Being a plot located on the edge of the channel of the "Riu Sec" in Castellón the proposal tries to orient itself towards it, in this way the river environment is revalued, being an opportunity to regenerate the channel, putting it into value. The environment is very disintegrated, many of the buildings are very degraded, so the entire area is reorganized, proposing new roads, both pedestrian and road, connecting the plot with the area and increasing the density of building. It also proposes the creation of a linear park along the riverbed, creating a public space that connects the river with the proposal. The project tries to break with the existing urban plot, adapting in turn to the boundaries of the plot. Several inclined volumes are proposed, thus defining a new geometry where oblique lines predominate. The different existing alignments are taken to shape the proposal and thus have a starting point. On the one hand, it is proposed to take as a backbone the river channel, which will be the first premise that will later shape the entire project. On the other hand, the alignments of the adjacent roads are taken as a secondary element to shape the project. The relationship of the inside with the outside is constant all the times, the courtyards try to maintain this relationship as well as providing natural lighting to the interior, taking quite a leading role in the project. The yard is located between the buildings to provide light to the different rooms and maintain a constant relationship with the outside. To emphasize this idea it is proposed to extend the roof in outdoor areas to maintain continuity between the interior and exterior. To house the program, different volumes are proposed, differentiated and separated from each other by means of

The objective of this work was to investigate self-regulation behaviours, particularly speed management, under distracted conditions due to WhatsApp use. We also studied the influence of different environments and driver characteristics, introducing visual status as one of them. Seventy-five drivers were evaluated in a simulator study involving two test sessions under baseline and texting conditions. A cluster analysis was used to identify two groups with different visual capacity .Lastly, possible predictors of speed management were studied developing a generalised linear mixed model. Our results show that drivers reduced their speeds in the presence of more demanding driving conditions; while replying to a WhatsApp message, on curved road segments and when parked cars are present. Driving speed also correlated with driver characteristics such as age or dual task experience and human factors such as self-perceived risk. Finally, although there were significant differences in visual capacity between the two groups identified, the model did not identify visual capacity membership as a significant predictor of speed management. This study could provide a better understanding of the mechanisms drivers use when WhatsApp messaging and which environments and driver conditions influence how speed is managed.