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BACKGROUND: A traditional view is that stem cells (SCs) divide slowly. Meanwhile, both embryonic and pluripotent SCs display a shorter cell cycle duration (CCD) in comparison to more committed progenitors (CPs). METHODS: We examined the in vitro proliferation and cycling behavior of somatic adult human cells using live cell imaging of passage zero keratinocytes and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS: We found two populations of keratinocytes: those with short CCD and protracted near exponential growth, and those with long CCD and terminal differentiation. Applying the ergodic principle, the comparative numbers of cycling cells in S phase in an enriched population of SCs confirmed a shorter CCD than CPs. Further, analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing of cycling adult human keratinocyte SCs and CPs indicated a shortening of both G1 and G2M phases in the SC. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to the pervasive paradigm, SCs progress through cell cycle more quickly than more differentiated dividing CPs. Thus, somatic human adult keratinocyte SCs may divide infrequently, but divide rapidly when they divide. Additionally, it was found that SC-like proliferation persisted in vitro.

Cancer cells, like microbes, live in complex metabolic environments. Recent evidence suggests that microbial behavior across metabolic environments is well described by simple empirical growth relationships, or growth laws. Do such empirical growth relationships also exist in cancer cells? To test this question, we develop a high-throughput approach to extract quantitative measurements of cancer cell behaviors in systematically altered metabolic environments. Using this approach, we examine relationships between growth and three frequently studied cancer phenotypes: drug-treatment survival, cell migration, and lactate overflow. Drug-treatment survival follows simple linear growth relationships, which differ quantitatively between chemotherapeutics and EGFR inhibition. Cell migration follows a weak grow-and-go growth relationship, with substantial deviation in some environments. Finally, lactate overflow is mostly decoupled from growth rate and is instead determined by the cells' ability to maintain high sugar uptake rates. Altogether, this work provides a quantitative approach for formulating empirical growth laws of cancer.

Microorganisms adjust metabolic activity to cope with diverse environments. While many studies have provided insights into how individual pathways are regulated, the mechanisms that give rise to coordinated metabolic responses are poorly understood. Here, we identify the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate catabolism and anabolism in Escherichia coli. Integrating protein, metabolite, and flux changes in genetically implemented catabolic or anabolic limitations, we show that combined global and local mechanisms coordinate the response to metabolic limitations. To allocate proteomic resources between catabolism and anabolism, E. coli uses a simple global gene regulatory program. Surprisingly, this program is largely implemented by a single transcription factor, Crp, which directly activates the expression of catabolic enzymes and indirectly reduces the expression of anabolic enzymes by passively sequestering cellular resources needed for their synthesis. However, metabolic fluxes are not controlled by this regulatory program alone; instead, fluxes are adjusted mostly through passive changes in the local metabolite concentrations. These mechanisms constitute a simple but effective global regulatory program that coarsely partitions resources between different parts of metabolism while ensuring robust coordination of individual metabolic reactions.

Cancer cells, like microbes, live in complex metabolic environments. Recent evidence suggests that microbial behavior across metabolic environments is well described by simple empirical growth relationships, or growth laws. Do such empirical growth relationships also exist in cancer cells? To test this question, we develop a high-throughput approach to extract quantitative measurements of cancer cell behaviors in systematically altered metabolic environments. Using this approach, we examine relationships between growth and three frequently studied cancer phenotypes: drug-treatment survival, cell migration, and lactate overflow. Drug-treatment survival follows simple linear growth relationships, which differ quantitatively between chemotherapeutics and EGFR inhibition. Cell migration follows a weak grow-and-go growth relationship, with substantial deviation in some environments. Finally, lactate overflow is mostly decoupled from growth rate and is instead determined by the cells' ability to maintain high sugar uptake rates. Altogether, this work provides a quantitative approach for formulating empirical growth laws of cancer.

Microorganisms adjust metabolic activity to cope with diverse environments. While many studies have provided insights into how individual pathways are regulated, the mechanisms that give rise to coordinated metabolic responses are poorly understood. Here, we identify the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate catabolism and anabolism in Escherichia coli. Integrating protein, metabolite, and flux changes in genetically implemented catabolic or anabolic limitations, we show that combined global and local mechanisms coordinate the response to metabolic limitations. To allocate proteomic resources between catabolism and anabolism, E. coli uses a simple global gene regulatory program. Surprisingly, this program is largely implemented by a single transcription factor, Crp, which directly activates the expression of catabolic enzymes and indirectly reduces the expression of anabolic enzymes by passively sequestering cellular resources needed for their synthesis. However, metabolic fluxes are not controlled by this regulatory program alone; instead, fluxes are adjusted mostly through passive changes in the local metabolite concentrations. These mechanisms constitute a simple but effective global regulatory program that coarsely partitions resources between different parts of metabolism while ensuring robust coordination of individual metabolic reactions.

Continuous improvements of cell culture media are required in order to ensure high yield and product quality. However, some components can be instable and lead to detrimental effects on bioprocess performances. L-cysteine is an essential amino acid commonly used in cell culture media. Despite its beneficial effect on recombinant protein production, in some cases, this component can be responsible for product microheterogeneity. In this context, alternative components have to be found in order to reduce product variants while maintaining high productivity. In this study, we have assessed the performance of different cysteine and cystine analogs : N-acetyl-cysteine, s-sulfocysteine, N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine and the N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine dimethylester (DACDM). Replacement of cysteine by cystine analogs, and especially DACDM, has shown positive impact on charge variants level and recombinant protein coloration level. Moreover, this molecule contributed to the increase of the intracellular glutathione pool, which suggests a close relationship with the oxidative stress regulation.

Zuweisung der 31-jährigen Patientin (Nulligravida) durch die sie betreuende Reproduktionsmedizinerin zur weiteren Abklärung einer primären Sterilität und Dysmenorrhö in die gynäkologische Poliklinik. Beschrieben wird eine seit der Menarche progrediente Dysmenorrhö mit mittlerweile invalidisierendem Schmerzmaximum im linken Unterbauch am 5. Zyklustag. Während eines vorgängigen Therapieversuchs mit Ethinylestradiol und Levonorgestrel oral im Langzeitzyklus sei die Patientin vollkommen schmerzfrei gewesen.

Drug-insensitive tumor subpopulations remain a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment. Recent works suggest that within isogenic drug-sensitive cancer populations, subsets of cells can enter a 'persister' state allowing them to survive prolonged drug treatment. Such persisters are well-described in antibiotic-treated bacterial populations. In this review, we compare mechanisms of drug persistence in bacteria and cancer. Both bacterial and cancer persisters are associated with slow-growing phenotypes, are metabolically distinct from non-persisters, and depend on the activation of specific regulatory programs. Moreover, evidence suggests that bacterial and cancer persisters are an important reservoir for the emergence of drug-resistant mutants. The emerging parallels between persistence in bacteria and cancer can guide efforts to untangle mechanistic links between growth, metabolism, and cellular regulation, and reveal exploitable therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Many microorganisms exhibit nutrient preferences, exemplified by the 'hierarchical' consumption of certain carbon substrates. Here, we systematically investigate under which physiological conditions hierarchical substrate utilization occurs and its mechanisms of implementation. We show utilization hierarchy of Escherichia coli to be ordered by the carbon-uptake flux rather than the identity of the substrates. A detailed study of glycerol uptake finds that it is fully suppressed if the uptake flux of another glycolytic substrate exceeds a threshold, which is set to the influx obtained when grown on glycerol alone. Below this threshold, limited glycerol uptake is 'supplemented' such that the total carbon uptake is maintained at the threshold. This behaviour results from total-flux feedback mediated by cAMP-Crp signalling but also requires inhibition by the regulator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which senses the upper-glycolytic flux and ensures that glycerol uptake defers to other glycolytic substrates but not to gluconeogenic ones. A quantitative model reproduces all of the observed utilization patterns, including those of key mutants. The proposed mechanism relies on the differential regulation of uptake enzymes and requires a specific operon organization. This organization is found to be conserved across related species for several uptake systems, suggesting the deployment of similar mechanisms for hierarchical substrate utilization by a spectrum of microorganisms.

Many microorganisms exhibit nutrient preferences, exemplified by the 'hierarchical' consumption of certain carbon substrates. Here, we systematically investigate under which physiological conditions hierarchical substrate utilization occurs and its mechanisms of implementation. We show utilization hierarchy of Escherichia coli to be ordered by the carbon-uptake flux rather than the identity of the substrates. A detailed study of glycerol uptake finds that it is fully suppressed if the uptake flux of another glycolytic substrate exceeds a threshold, which is set to the influx obtained when grown on glycerol alone. Below this threshold, limited glycerol uptake is 'supplemented' such that the total carbon uptake is maintained at the threshold. This behaviour results from total-flux feedback mediated by cAMP-Crp signalling but also requires inhibition by the regulator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which senses the upper-glycolytic flux and ensures that glycerol uptake defers to other glycolytic substrates but not to gluconeogenic ones. A quantitative model reproduces all of the observed utilization patterns, including those of key mutants. The proposed mechanism relies on the differential regulation of uptake enzymes and requires a specific operon organization. This organization is found to be conserved across related species for several uptake systems, suggesting the deployment of similar mechanisms for hierarchical substrate utilization by a spectrum of microorganisms.

The aim of the study is to analyse the conflict of rights of posted workers with entre-preneurs’ freedom to provide services in posting of workers Directive 96/71/EC and the enforcement Directive 2014/67/EC. The author presents the key issues of the conflict, as well as its evolution in EU legislation and in European Court of Justice judgments.

Many microorganisms exhibit nutrient preferences, exemplified by the 'hierarchical' consumption of certain carbon substrates. Here, we systematically investigate under which physiological conditions hierarchical substrate utilization occurs and its mechanisms of implementation. We show utilization hierarchy of Escherichia coli to be ordered by the carbon-uptake flux rather than the identity of the substrates. A detailed study of glycerol uptake finds that it is fully suppressed if the uptake flux of another glycolytic substrate exceeds a threshold, which is set to the influx obtained when grown on glycerol alone. Below this threshold, limited glycerol uptake is 'supplemented' such that the total carbon uptake is maintained at the threshold. This behaviour results from total-flux feedback mediated by cAMP-Crp signalling but also requires inhibition by the regulator fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which senses the upper-glycolytic flux and ensures that glycerol uptake defers to other glycolytic substrates but not to gluconeogenic ones. A quantitative model reproduces all of the observed utilization patterns, including those of key mutants. The proposed mechanism relies on the differential regulation of uptake enzymes and requires a specific operon organization. This organization is found to be conserved across related species for several uptake systems, suggesting the deployment of similar mechanisms for hierarchical substrate utilization by a spectrum of microorganisms.

A persistent puzzle in cancer biology is how mutations, which neither alter growth signaling pathways nor directly interfere with drug mechanism, can still recur and persist in tumors. One example is the mutation of the DNA demethylase tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) that frequently persists from diagnosis through remission and relapse, but whose fitness advantage in chemotherapy is unclear. Here, we use isogenic human AML cell lines to show that TET2 loss of function alters the dynamics of transitions between differentiated and stem-like states. A conceptual mathematical model and experimental validation suggest that these altered cell-state dynamics can benefit the cell population by slowing population decay during drug treatment and lowering the number of survivor cells needed to re-establish the initial population. These studies shed light on the functional and phenotypic effects of a TET2 mutation in AML and illustrate how a single gene mutation can alter a cells' phenotypic plasticity. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the Supplemental Information.

Echocardiography is the most commonly used imaging technique in clinical cardiology. Due to the high demand for this type of examination and the small number of specialists, there is a need to support the examination process through telemedicine. Moreover, specialist training can be supported by appropriate simulation systems. For (i) creating tailor-made tele-echo robots, (ii) creating echo system simulators, and (iii) conducting echo examination with local or remote expert assistance, knowledge about echo probe kinesthetic parameters during echocardiography examination is advisable. The article describes the concept of a measuring system for obtaining such data., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures

This book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc.

This book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc.

This book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc.

This book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc.

This book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc.

This book analyzes the history of the black market in Poland before the 1940s and the development of black-market phenomena in post-war Poland. The author evaluates the interrelation between black-market phenomena and historical and geographical conditions. At first, the black market stabilized the system by making it more flexible and creating a margin of freedom, albeit in the short term. In the long run, the informal economic activities of the people ran counter to and undermined the official ideology of the state. The author concludes that in post-war Poland, owing to a singular coincidence of historical, political, economic and social factors, the second economy had its own unique character and an endemic presence that loomed large in the Soviet Bloc.

The article analyses the possibilities of using the communicative pedagogy of the American scientist Thomas Gordon in the Ukrainian educational space in the medium of English language. The communicative pedagogy emphasises the need for special pedagogical approaches that allow teachers to interact tolerantly with students in the atmosphere of acceptance and trust. The goal of our research was to verify the hypothesis that CLIL approach while studying Thomas Gordon’s heritage in English, using authentic materials, provides students with the opportunity of deeper understanding his ideas and values. The experiment participants, future teachers, were pre- and post-assessed for the levels of English language and awareness of Thomas Gordon’s approach. Moreover, the efficiency of the language and pedagogy connection was proved by practice supervisors who observed students performance during their practical studying at schools. Due to the application of authentic materials, reading manuscripts in original, listening to Thomas Gordon’s speeches and lectures, students were fully immerged into the researcher heritage and demonstrated a better understanding of his ideas. As practice supervisors claimed, such students demonstrated a higher level of conflict prevention skills, class management skills, tolerant communication with children and created the atmosphere of trust and acceptance.

With Nina Lee-Hecko, piano, Jim Rhinehart, piano, Aaron Kaluza, percussion, Morgan Kochanowski, clarinet, Luke Vasilarakos, clarinet. ; Includes a list of upcoming School of Music events (for April 2019)., Series LXXIII, Number 179., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

With Nina Lee-Hecko, piano, Jim Rhinehart, piano, Aaron Kaluza, percussion, Morgan Kochanowski, clarinet, Luke Vasilarakos, clarinet. ; Includes a list of upcoming School of Music events (for April 2019)., Series LXXIII, Number 179., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Advances in artificial intelligence have renewed interest in conversational agents. Additionally to software developers, today all kinds of employees show interest in new technologies and their possible applications for customers. German insurance companies generally are interested in improving their customer service and digitizing their business processes. In this work we investigate the potential use of conversational agents in insurance companies theoretically by determining which classes of agents exist which are of interest to insurance companies, finding relevant use cases and requirements. We add two practical parts: First we develop a showcase prototype for an exemplary insurance scenario in claim management. Additionally in a second step, we create a prototype focusing on customer service in a chatbot hackathon, fostering innovation in interdisciplinary teams. In this work, we describe the results of both prototypes in detail. We evaluate both chatbots defining criteria for both settings in detail and compare the results and draw conclusions for the maturity of chatbot technology for practical use, describing the opportunities and challenges companies, especially small and medium enterprises, face., Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures. ICAART 2019 extension. Extension of arXiv:1812.07339

The profession of teacher has been a special profession for centuries because of its momentous mission in the area of education and upbringing of next generations of society. This brought far wider expectations ahead of it than before other professions. In the current reality, there is a widespread belief in the lack of authority and the crisis of the dignity of the teaching state. Is this situation the result of the omnipresent "fall" of values, or do the teachers themselves contribute to the extent to which they are perceived by society and students? I try to find answers to these questions in the text of the article. The crisis in the dignity of the teaching state described above is primarily associated with a change in the perception of their profession by the teachers themselves. This thesis is supported by research carried out among teachers, pupils and parents in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship. Their goal was to get to know the opinions of these groups about the moral and ethical condition of the modern teacher. In order to obtain this information, a diagnostic survey, an observation and an interview were used.

With Eric Rodriguez, trumpet, Jim Rhinehart, piano, Luke Vasilarakos, A clarinet, Morgan Kochanowski, B-flat clarinet, Sarah Bennett, mezzo-soprano, Christy Reilly, piano, Emily Schroeder, horn, Justin Phillips, horn, Ethan Wilkinson, horn, Anita Rodriguez, horn., Series LXXIII, Number 28., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

With Eric Rodriguez, trumpet, Jim Rhinehart, piano, Luke Vasilarakos, A clarinet, Morgan Kochanowski, B-flat clarinet, Sarah Bennett, mezzo-soprano, Christy Reilly, piano, Emily Schroeder, horn, Justin Phillips, horn, Ethan Wilkinson, horn, Anita Rodriguez, horn., Series LXXIII, Number 28., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

The aim of the study is to analyse the conflict of rights of posted workers with entre-preneurs’ freedom to provide services in posting of workers Directive 96/71/EC and the enforcement Directive 2014/67/EC. The author presents the key issues of the conflict, as well as its evolution in EU legislation and in European Court of Justice judgments.

Advances in artificial intelligence have renewed interest in conversational agents. So-called chatbots have reached maturity for industrial applications. German insurance companies are interested in improving their customer service and digitizing their business processes. In this work we investigate the potential use of conversational agents in insurance companies by determining which classes of agents are of interest to insurance companies, finding relevant use cases and requirements, and developing a prototype for an exemplary insurance scenario. Based on this approach, we derive key findings for conversational agent implementation in insurance companies., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure, accepted for presentation at The International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence 2019 (ICAART 2019)

The article is aimed at presentation of a newly discovered Linear Band Pottery settlement at Kościelna Jania, Smętowo Graniczne commune. The site was excavated during rescue works on the Al highway. It has been the largest settlement o f this culture in the Starogard Lake District explored to date. In 21 excavated features, mainly settlement pits, numerous pottery sherds and animal bones (post-consumption remains) were found. Pottery technology and decoration make possible to link these materials with the Note phase and date them back to 430CM1000 be., The article is aimed at presentation of a newly discovered Linear Band Pottery settlement at Kościelna Jania, Smętowo Graniczne commune. The site was excavated during rescue works on the Al highway. It has been the largest settlement o f this culture in the Starogard Lake District explored to date. In 21 excavated features, mainly settlement pits, numerous pottery sherds and animal bones (post-consumption remains) were found. Pottery technology and decoration make possible to link these materials with the Note phase and date them back to 430CM1000 be.

With Maria Teresa Sierra Martinez, piano, Noah Connolly, oboe, Morgan Kochanowski, clarinet, Emily Schaper, bassoon, Anita Rodriguez, horn.; This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Music Performance.; Includes a list of upcoming School of Music events (for December 2017)., Series LXXII, Number 94., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

With Maria Teresa Sierra Martinez, piano, Noah Connolly, oboe, Morgan Kochanowski, clarinet, Emily Schaper, bassoon, Anita Rodriguez, horn.; This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Music Performance.; Includes a list of upcoming School of Music events (for December 2017)., Series LXXII, Number 94., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Tackling the ideas presented by Mark Olssen, John Codd and Anne-Marie O’Neill in their book Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship and Democracy (2004), the author points out that contemporary educational studies fail to analyse the essential role of knowledge in power processes and resistance processes. Referring to Michel Foucault's theory of culture and Chantal Mouffe’s theory of radical democracy the author points out that knowledge in the modern society is a key element of power processes and related interdisciplinary techniques. The author identifies the essential areas impacted by knowledge built into power relationships and discusses the opportunities to generate resistance strategies that arise in those areas, including knowledge-based strategies., Podejmując idee przedstawione przez Marka Olssena, Johna Codda i Anne-Marie O’Neill w książce Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship and Democracy (2004), autor wskazuje na pominięcie we współczesnych studiach nad edukacją zasadniczej roli wiedzy, jaką odgrywa ona w procesach władzy i w procesach oporu. Odwołując się do teorii kultury Michela Foucaulta, a także do teorii radykalnej demokracji Chantal Mouffe, wskazuje, iż także we współczesnym społeczeństwie wiedza jest podstawowym elementem procedur władzy i powiązanych z nimi różnorodnych technik dyscyplinarnych. Wskazując na podstawowe obszary oddziaływania wiedzy wbudowanej w relacje władzy, omawia pojawiające się w owych obszarach możliwości generowania strategii oporu - strategii także opartych na wiedzy.

The 1989 breakthrough posed new challenges for all levels of Poland’s education and for education and science policy. The political transformation (reinstatement of democratic institutions and procedures, initiation of civic society building) as well as economic transition (historically unique transition from ineffective economy of ‘real socialism’ to the model of capitalist economy) called for a similar transformation within Poland’s educational system and for a reform of science policy in order to build tools and conditions for knowledge society building in Poland. The author identifies reasons why laying the foundations of knowledge society is an inherent part of the transformation process. He also identifies essential problems associated with the shaping of social space where knowledge and related skills become the core social capital. In the second part of his article the author points out the difference between the modern society, where knowledge is essentially a function of authority, and post-modern society, where knowledge is more clearly associated with resistance against authority. The author believes that the social role of knowledge cannot be adequately described without reference to the latter perspective., Przełom roku 1989 postawił nowe wyzwania przed polskim szkolnictwem wszystkich stopni oraz przed polityką edukacyjną i naukową państwa. Transformacja polityczna (odnowienie instytucji i procedur demokratycznych oraz zainicjowanie procesu tworzenia społeczeństwa obywatelskiego) i gospodarcza (unikatowe w historii gospodarczej świata przejście od niewydolnej gospodarki „realnego socjalizmu” do modelu gospodarki kapitalistycznej) wymagała powiązanej z nimi transformacji polskiego systemu edukacyjnego oraz reformy polityki naukowej, tak aby powstały narzędzia i warunki do stworzenia w naszym kraju społeczeństwa opartego na wiedzy. Autor wskazuje powody, dla których budowanie zrębów społeczeństwa wiedzy uważa za immanentny element procesów transformacji oraz podstawowe problemy wiążące się z kształtowaniem przestrzeni społecznej, w której podstawowym kapitałem społecznym staje się wiedza i powiązane z nią umiejętności. W drugiej części artykułu wskazuje na różnicę między społeczeństwem nowoczesnym, w którym wiedza jest przede wszystkim funkcją władzy, a społeczeństwem ponowoczesnym, w którym wiedza staje się coraz wyraźniej także funkcją oporu przeciw władzy. W przekonaniu autora dopiero uwzględnienie owej drugiej perspektywy umożliwia adekwatne ujęcie problematyki społecznej funkcji wiedzy.

Quality management is among the key areas analysed in education studies. The author discusses the significance of the communicative paradigm developed in social sciences, particularly associated with the name of Jürgen Habermas, and complemented with conclusions drawn from the critique of this paradigm, offered by authors such as, e.g., Chantal Mouffe. The first part of the paper shows reasons why the aforementioned communicative perspective should be brought into the thinking on quality management whereas the second part outlines an idea for polylogical strategy to draw on corporate governance as a strategy that could underlie mission statements to be designed and adopted by universities as well as quality indicators based on this strategy, in a way that takes account of all types of stakeholders. The last part of the paper discusses the broad inclusion of the communicative paradigm in quality evaluation procedures., Zarządzanie jakością to jeden z podstawowych obszarów analiz w badaniach edukacyjnych. Autor omawia znaczenie, jakie dla tych rozważań ma wypracowany w naukach społecznych paradygmat komunikacyjny, związany przede wszystkim z dziełem Jurgena Habermasa, uzupełniony o wnioski wyciągnięte z krytyki tego paradygmatu przeprowadzonej m.in. przez Chantal Mouffe, W pierwszej części artykułu wskazano powody, dla którego uznać należy za niezbędne wprowadzenie do refleksji nad problematyką quality management wspomnianej perspektywy komunikacyjnej, zaś w drugiej części zarysowano projekt polilogicznej strategii kształtowania ładu korporacyjnego jako strategii umożliwiającej wypracowanie strategii działania szkoły wyższej (ujętej jako deklaracja misji) oraz opartych na tej strategii wskaźników jakości w sposób uwzględniający oczekiwania wszystkich typów jej interesariuszy. W ostatniej części omówiono problematykę szerokiego uwzględnienia paradygmatu komunikacyjnego w obrębie procedur ewaluacji jakości.

Tackling the ideas presented by Mark Olssen, John Codd and Anne-Marie O’Neill in their book Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship and Democracy (2004), the author points out that contemporary educational studies fail to analyse the essential role of knowledge in power processes and resistance processes. Referring to Michel Foucault's theory of culture and Chantal Mouffe’s theory of radical democracy the author points out that knowledge in the modern society is a key element of power processes and related interdisciplinary techniques. The author identifies the essential areas impacted by knowledge built into power relationships and discusses the opportunities to generate resistance strategies that arise in those areas, including knowledge-based strategies., Podejmując idee przedstawione przez Marka Olssena, Johna Codda i Anne-Marie O’Neill w książce Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship and Democracy (2004), autor wskazuje na pominięcie we współczesnych studiach nad edukacją zasadniczej roli wiedzy, jaką odgrywa ona w procesach władzy i w procesach oporu. Odwołując się do teorii kultury Michela Foucaulta, a także do teorii radykalnej demokracji Chantal Mouffe, wskazuje, iż także we współczesnym społeczeństwie wiedza jest podstawowym elementem procedur władzy i powiązanych z nimi różnorodnych technik dyscyplinarnych. Wskazując na podstawowe obszary oddziaływania wiedzy wbudowanej w relacje władzy, omawia pojawiające się w owych obszarach możliwości generowania strategii oporu - strategii także opartych na wiedzy.

Quality management is among the key areas analysed in education studies. The author discusses the significance of the communicative paradigm developed in social sciences, particularly associated with the name of Jürgen Habermas, and complemented with conclusions drawn from the critique of this paradigm, offered by authors such as, e.g., Chantal Mouffe. The first part of the paper shows reasons why the aforementioned communicative perspective should be brought into the thinking on quality management whereas the second part outlines an idea for polylogical strategy to draw on corporate governance as a strategy that could underlie mission statements to be designed and adopted by universities as well as quality indicators based on this strategy, in a way that takes account of all types of stakeholders. The last part of the paper discusses the broad inclusion of the communicative paradigm in quality evaluation procedures., Zarządzanie jakością to jeden z podstawowych obszarów analiz w badaniach edukacyjnych. Autor omawia znaczenie, jakie dla tych rozważań ma wypracowany w naukach społecznych paradygmat komunikacyjny, związany przede wszystkim z dziełem Jurgena Habermasa, uzupełniony o wnioski wyciągnięte z krytyki tego paradygmatu przeprowadzonej m.in. przez Chantal Mouffe, W pierwszej części artykułu wskazano powody, dla którego uznać należy za niezbędne wprowadzenie do refleksji nad problematyką quality management wspomnianej perspektywy komunikacyjnej, zaś w drugiej części zarysowano projekt polilogicznej strategii kształtowania ładu korporacyjnego jako strategii umożliwiającej wypracowanie strategii działania szkoły wyższej (ujętej jako deklaracja misji) oraz opartych na tej strategii wskaźników jakości w sposób uwzględniający oczekiwania wszystkich typów jej interesariuszy. W ostatniej części omówiono problematykę szerokiego uwzględnienia paradygmatu komunikacyjnego w obrębie procedur ewaluacji jakości.

The 1989 breakthrough posed new challenges for all levels of Poland’s education and for education and science policy. The political transformation (reinstatement of democratic institutions and procedures, initiation of civic society building) as well as economic transition (historically unique transition from ineffective economy of ‘real socialism’ to the model of capitalist economy) called for a similar transformation within Poland’s educational system and for a reform of science policy in order to build tools and conditions for knowledge society building in Poland. The author identifies reasons why laying the foundations of knowledge society is an inherent part of the transformation process. He also identifies essential problems associated with the shaping of social space where knowledge and related skills become the core social capital. In the second part of his article the author points out the difference between the modern society, where knowledge is essentially a function of authority, and post-modern society, where knowledge is more clearly associated with resistance against authority. The author believes that the social role of knowledge cannot be adequately described without reference to the latter perspective., Przełom roku 1989 postawił nowe wyzwania przed polskim szkolnictwem wszystkich stopni oraz przed polityką edukacyjną i naukową państwa. Transformacja polityczna (odnowienie instytucji i procedur demokratycznych oraz zainicjowanie procesu tworzenia społeczeństwa obywatelskiego) i gospodarcza (unikatowe w historii gospodarczej świata przejście od niewydolnej gospodarki „realnego socjalizmu” do modelu gospodarki kapitalistycznej) wymagała powiązanej z nimi transformacji polskiego systemu edukacyjnego oraz reformy polityki naukowej, tak aby powstały narzędzia i warunki do stworzenia w naszym kraju społeczeństwa opartego na wiedzy. Autor wskazuje powody, dla których budowanie zrębów społeczeństwa wiedzy uważa za immanentny element procesów transformacji oraz podstawowe problemy wiążące się z kształtowaniem przestrzeni społecznej, w której podstawowym kapitałem społecznym staje się wiedza i powiązane z nią umiejętności. W drugiej części artykułu wskazuje na różnicę między społeczeństwem nowoczesnym, w którym wiedza jest przede wszystkim funkcją władzy, a społeczeństwem ponowoczesnym, w którym wiedza staje się coraz wyraźniej także funkcją oporu przeciw władzy. W przekonaniu autora dopiero uwzględnienie owej drugiej perspektywy umożliwia adekwatne ujęcie problematyki społecznej funkcji wiedzy.

Quality management is among the key areas analysed in education studies. The author discusses the significance of the communicative paradigm developed in social sciences, particularly associated with the name of Jürgen Habermas, and complemented with conclusions drawn from the critique of this paradigm, offered by authors such as, e.g., Chantal Mouffe. The first part of the paper shows reasons why the aforementioned communicative perspective should be brought into the thinking on quality management whereas the second part outlines an idea for polylogical strategy to draw on corporate governance as a strategy that could underlie mission statements to be designed and adopted by universities as well as quality indicators based on this strategy, in a way that takes account of all types of stakeholders. The last part of the paper discusses the broad inclusion of the communicative paradigm in quality evaluation procedures., Zarządzanie jakością to jeden z podstawowych obszarów analiz w badaniach edukacyjnych. Autor omawia znaczenie, jakie dla tych rozważań ma wypracowany w naukach społecznych paradygmat komunikacyjny, związany przede wszystkim z dziełem Jurgena Habermasa, uzupełniony o wnioski wyciągnięte z krytyki tego paradygmatu przeprowadzonej m.in. przez Chantal Mouffe, W pierwszej części artykułu wskazano powody, dla którego uznać należy za niezbędne wprowadzenie do refleksji nad problematyką quality management wspomnianej perspektywy komunikacyjnej, zaś w drugiej części zarysowano projekt polilogicznej strategii kształtowania ładu korporacyjnego jako strategii umożliwiającej wypracowanie strategii działania szkoły wyższej (ujętej jako deklaracja misji) oraz opartych na tej strategii wskaźników jakości w sposób uwzględniający oczekiwania wszystkich typów jej interesariuszy. W ostatniej części omówiono problematykę szerokiego uwzględnienia paradygmatu komunikacyjnego w obrębie procedur ewaluacji jakości.

Tackling the ideas presented by Mark Olssen, John Codd and Anne-Marie O’Neill in their book Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship and Democracy (2004), the author points out that contemporary educational studies fail to analyse the essential role of knowledge in power processes and resistance processes. Referring to Michel Foucault's theory of culture and Chantal Mouffe’s theory of radical democracy the author points out that knowledge in the modern society is a key element of power processes and related interdisciplinary techniques. The author identifies the essential areas impacted by knowledge built into power relationships and discusses the opportunities to generate resistance strategies that arise in those areas, including knowledge-based strategies., Podejmując idee przedstawione przez Marka Olssena, Johna Codda i Anne-Marie O’Neill w książce Education Policy: Globalization, Citizenship and Democracy (2004), autor wskazuje na pominięcie we współczesnych studiach nad edukacją zasadniczej roli wiedzy, jaką odgrywa ona w procesach władzy i w procesach oporu. Odwołując się do teorii kultury Michela Foucaulta, a także do teorii radykalnej demokracji Chantal Mouffe, wskazuje, iż także we współczesnym społeczeństwie wiedza jest podstawowym elementem procedur władzy i powiązanych z nimi różnorodnych technik dyscyplinarnych. Wskazując na podstawowe obszary oddziaływania wiedzy wbudowanej w relacje władzy, omawia pojawiające się w owych obszarach możliwości generowania strategii oporu - strategii także opartych na wiedzy.

The 1989 breakthrough posed new challenges for all levels of Poland’s education and for education and science policy. The political transformation (reinstatement of democratic institutions and procedures, initiation of civic society building) as well as economic transition (historically unique transition from ineffective economy of ‘real socialism’ to the model of capitalist economy) called for a similar transformation within Poland’s educational system and for a reform of science policy in order to build tools and conditions for knowledge society building in Poland. The author identifies reasons why laying the foundations of knowledge society is an inherent part of the transformation process. He also identifies essential problems associated with the shaping of social space where knowledge and related skills become the core social capital. In the second part of his article the author points out the difference between the modern society, where knowledge is essentially a function of authority, and post-modern society, where knowledge is more clearly associated with resistance against authority. The author believes that the social role of knowledge cannot be adequately described without reference to the latter perspective., Przełom roku 1989 postawił nowe wyzwania przed polskim szkolnictwem wszystkich stopni oraz przed polityką edukacyjną i naukową państwa. Transformacja polityczna (odnowienie instytucji i procedur demokratycznych oraz zainicjowanie procesu tworzenia społeczeństwa obywatelskiego) i gospodarcza (unikatowe w historii gospodarczej świata przejście od niewydolnej gospodarki „realnego socjalizmu” do modelu gospodarki kapitalistycznej) wymagała powiązanej z nimi transformacji polskiego systemu edukacyjnego oraz reformy polityki naukowej, tak aby powstały narzędzia i warunki do stworzenia w naszym kraju społeczeństwa opartego na wiedzy. Autor wskazuje powody, dla których budowanie zrębów społeczeństwa wiedzy uważa za immanentny element procesów transformacji oraz podstawowe problemy wiążące się z kształtowaniem przestrzeni społecznej, w której podstawowym kapitałem społecznym staje się wiedza i powiązane z nią umiejętności. W drugiej części artykułu wskazuje na różnicę między społeczeństwem nowoczesnym, w którym wiedza jest przede wszystkim funkcją władzy, a społeczeństwem ponowoczesnym, w którym wiedza staje się coraz wyraźniej także funkcją oporu przeciw władzy. W przekonaniu autora dopiero uwzględnienie owej drugiej perspektywy umożliwia adekwatne ujęcie problematyki społecznej funkcji wiedzy.

Nowadays, in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems, a Time of Flight information is used to improve the image reconstruction process. In Time of Flight PET (TOF-PET), fast detectors are able to measure the difference in the arrival time of the two gamma rays, with the precision enabling to shorten significantly a range along the line-of-response (LOR) where the annihilation occurred. In the new concept, called J-PET scanner, gamma rays are detected in plastic scintillators. In a single strip of J-PET system, time values are obtained by probing signals in the amplitude domain. Owing to Compress Sensing theory, information about the shape and amplitude of the signals is recovered. In this paper we demonstrate that based on the acquired signals parameters, a better signal normalization may be provided in order to improve the TOF resolution. The procedure was tested using large sample of data registered by a dedicated detection setup enabling sampling of signals with 50 ps intervals. Experimental setup provided irradiation of a chosen position in the plastic scintillator strip with annihilation gamma quanta.