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1. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues:Expert Guidelines

Author

Rossi, Simone, Antal, Andrea, Bestmann, Sven, Bikson, Marom, Brewer, Carmen, Brockmöller, Jürgen, Carpenter, Linda L., Cincotta, Massimo, Chen, Robert, Daskalakis, Jeff D., Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Fox, Michael D., George, Mark S., Gilbert, Donald, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Ilmoniemi, Risto J., Pascal Lefaucheur, Jean, Leocani, Letizia, Lisanby, Sarah H., Miniussi, Carlo, Padberg, Frank, Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, Paulus, Walter, Peterchev, Angel V., Quartarone, Angelo, Rotenberg, Alexander, Rothwell, John, Rossini, Paolo M., Santarnecchi, Emiliano, Shafi, Mouhsin M., Siebner, Hartwig R., Ugawa, Yoshikatzu, Wassermann, Eric M., Zangen, Abraham, Ziemann, Ulf, Hallett, Mark, Rossi, Simone, Antal, Andrea, Bestmann, Sven, Bikson, Marom, Brewer, Carmen, Brockmöller, Jürgen, Carpenter, Linda L., Cincotta, Massimo, Chen, Robert, Daskalakis, Jeff D., Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Fox, Michael D., George, Mark S., Gilbert, Donald, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Ilmoniemi, Risto J., Pascal Lefaucheur, Jean, Leocani, Letizia, Lisanby, Sarah H., Miniussi, Carlo, Padberg, Frank, Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, Paulus, Walter, Peterchev, Angel V., Quartarone, Angelo, Rotenberg, Alexander, Rothwell, John, Rossini, Paolo M., Santarnecchi, Emiliano, Shafi, Mouhsin M., Siebner, Hartwig R., Ugawa, Yoshikatzu, Wassermann, Eric M., Zangen, Abraham, Ziemann, Ulf, and Hallett, Mark

Abstract

This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) in October 2018. The meeting intended to update the ten-year-old safety guidelines for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical settings (Rossi et al., 2009). Therefore, only emerging and new issues are covered in detail, leaving still valid the 2009 recommendations regarding the description of conventional or patterned TMS protocols, the screening of subjects/patients, the need of neurophysiological monitoring for new protocols, the utilization of reference thresholds of stimulation, the managing of seizures and the list of minor side effects. New issues discussed in detail from the meeting up to April 2020 are safety issues of recently developed stimulation devices and pulse configurations; duties and responsibility of device makers; novel scenarios of TMS applications such as in the neuroimaging context or imaging-guided and robot-guided TMS; TMS interleaved with transcranial electrical stimulation; safety during paired associative stimulation interventions; and risks of using TMS to induce therapeutic seizures (magnetic seizure therapy). An update on the possible induction of seizures, theoretically the most serious risk of TMS, is provided. It has become apparent that such a risk is low, even in patients taking drugs acting on the central nervous system, at least with the use of traditional stimulation parameters and focal coils for which large data sets are available. Finally, new operational guidelines are provided for safety in planning future trials based on traditional and patterned TMS protocols, as well as a summary of the minimal training requirements for operators, and a note on ethics of neuroenhancement.

Published
2021

2. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues:Expert Guidelines

Author

Rossi, Simone, Antal, Andrea, Bestmann, Sven, Bikson, Marom, Brewer, Carmen, Brockmöller, Jürgen, Carpenter, Linda L., Cincotta, Massimo, Chen, Robert, Daskalakis, Jeff D., Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Fox, Michael D., George, Mark S., Gilbert, Donald, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Ilmoniemi, Risto J., Pascal Lefaucheur, Jean, Leocani, Letizia, Lisanby, Sarah H., Miniussi, Carlo, Padberg, Frank, Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, Paulus, Walter, Peterchev, Angel V., Quartarone, Angelo, Rotenberg, Alexander, Rothwell, John, Rossini, Paolo M., Santarnecchi, Emiliano, Shafi, Mouhsin M., Siebner, Hartwig R., Ugawa, Yoshikatzu, Wassermann, Eric M., Zangen, Abraham, Ziemann, Ulf, Hallett, Mark, Rossi, Simone, Antal, Andrea, Bestmann, Sven, Bikson, Marom, Brewer, Carmen, Brockmöller, Jürgen, Carpenter, Linda L., Cincotta, Massimo, Chen, Robert, Daskalakis, Jeff D., Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Fox, Michael D., George, Mark S., Gilbert, Donald, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Ilmoniemi, Risto J., Pascal Lefaucheur, Jean, Leocani, Letizia, Lisanby, Sarah H., Miniussi, Carlo, Padberg, Frank, Pascual-Leone, Alvaro, Paulus, Walter, Peterchev, Angel V., Quartarone, Angelo, Rotenberg, Alexander, Rothwell, John, Rossini, Paolo M., Santarnecchi, Emiliano, Shafi, Mouhsin M., Siebner, Hartwig R., Ugawa, Yoshikatzu, Wassermann, Eric M., Zangen, Abraham, Ziemann, Ulf, and Hallett, Mark

Abstract

This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) in October 2018. The meeting intended to update the ten-year-old safety guidelines for the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in research and clinical settings (Rossi et al., 2009). Therefore, only emerging and new issues are covered in detail, leaving still valid the 2009 recommendations regarding the description of conventional or patterned TMS protocols, the screening of subjects/patients, the need of neurophysiological monitoring for new protocols, the utilization of reference thresholds of stimulation, the managing of seizures and the list of minor side effects. New issues discussed in detail from the meeting up to April 2020 are safety issues of recently developed stimulation devices and pulse configurations; duties and responsibility of device makers; novel scenarios of TMS applications such as in the neuroimaging context or imaging-guided and robot-guided TMS; TMS interleaved with transcranial electrical stimulation; safety during paired associative stimulation interventions; and risks of using TMS to induce therapeutic seizures (magnetic seizure therapy). An update on the possible induction of seizures, theoretically the most serious risk of TMS, is provided. It has become apparent that such a risk is low, even in patients taking drugs acting on the central nervous system, at least with the use of traditional stimulation parameters and focal coils for which large data sets are available. Finally, new operational guidelines are provided for safety in planning future trials based on traditional and patterned TMS protocols, as well as a summary of the minimal training requirements for operators, and a note on ethics of neuroenhancement.

Published
2021

3. Current standards of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe

Author

Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, E-PILEPSY consortium, Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, and E-PILEPSY consortium

Published
2017

4. Current standards of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe

Author

Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, E-PILEPSY consortium, Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, and E-PILEPSY consortium

Published
2017

5. Current standards of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe

Author

Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, E-PILEPSY consortium, Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, and E-PILEPSY consortium

Published
2017

6. Current standards of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe

Author

ZL Kinder Ner en Nec Medisch, Brain, Psychosociale zorg patientenzorg, Other research (not in main researchprogram), Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, E-PILEPSY consortium, ZL Kinder Ner en Nec Medisch, Brain, Psychosociale zorg patientenzorg, Other research (not in main researchprogram), Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, Del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H, Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia-Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J, Shavel-Jessop, Sara, and E-PILEPSY consortium

Published
2017

7. Current standards of neuropsychological assessment in epilepsy surgery centers across Europe

Author

Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H., Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Shavel-Jessop, Sara, Tarta-Arsene, Oana, Trinka, Eugen, Viggedal, Gerd, Wendling, Anne-Sophie, Witt, Juri-Alexander, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Vogt, Viola Lara, Äikiä, Marja, del Barrio, Antonio, Boon, Paul, Borbély, Csaba, Bran, Ema, Braun, Kees, Carette, Evelien, Clark, Maria, Cross, Judith Helen, Dimova, Petia, Fabo, Daniel, Foroglou, Nikolaos, Francione, Stefano, Gersamia, Anna, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Harrison, Sue, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Heminghyt, Einar, Hirsch, Edouard, Javurkova, Alena, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kavan, Nicole, Kelemen, Anna, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Kirschner, Margarita, Kleitz, Catherine, Kobulashvili, Teia, Kosmidis, Mary H., Kurtish, Selin Yagci, Lesourd, Mathieu, Ljunggren, Sofia, Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Martin-Sanfilippo, Patricia, Marusic, Petr, Miatton, Marijke, Özkara, Çiğdem, Pelle, Federica, Rubboli, Guido, Rudebeck, Sarah, Ryvlin, Philippe, van Schooneveld, Monique, Schmid, Elisabeth, Schmidt, Pia Magdalena, Seeck, Margitta, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Shavel-Jessop, Sara, Tarta-Arsene, Oana, Trinka, Eugen, Viggedal, Gerd, Wendling, Anne-Sophie, Witt, Juri-Alexander, and Helmstaedter, Christoph

Abstract

We explored the current practice with respect to the neuropsychological assessment of surgical epilepsy patients in European epilepsy centers, with the aim of harmonizing and establishing common standards. Twenty-six epilepsy centers and members of “E-PILEPSY” (a European pilot network of reference centers in refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery), were asked to report the status of neuropsychological assessment in adults and children via two different surveys. There was a consensus among these centers regarding the role of neuropsychology in the presurgical workup. Strong agreement was found on indications (localization, epileptic dysfunctions, adverse drugs effects, and postoperative monitoring) and the domains to be evaluated (memory, attention, executive functions, language, visuospatial skills, intelligence, depression, anxiety, and quality of life). Although 186 different tests are in use throughout these European centers, a core group of tests reflecting a moderate level of agreement could be discerned. Variability exists with regard to indications, protocols, and paradigms for the assessment of hemispheric language dominance. For the tests in use, little published evidence of clinical validity in epilepsy was provided. Participants in the survey reported a need for improvement concerning the validity of the tests, tools for the assessment of everyday functioning and accelerated forgetting, national norms, and test co-normalization. Based on the present survey, we documented a consensus regarding the indications and principles of neuropsychological testing. Despite the variety of tests in use, the survey indicated that there may be a core set of tests chosen based on experience, as well as on published evidence. By combining these findings with the results of an ongoing systematic literature review, we aim for a battery that can be recommended for the use across epilepsy surgical centers in Europe.

Published
2017

8. Current practices in long-term video-EEG monitoring services : A survey among partners of the E-PILEPSY pilot network of reference for refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery

Author

Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, Trinka, Eugen, Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, and Trinka, Eugen

Published
2016

9. Current practices in long-term video-EEG monitoring services : A survey among partners of the E-PILEPSY pilot network of reference for refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery

Author

Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, Trinka, Eugen, Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, and Trinka, Eugen

Published
2016

10. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Author

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, and Garcia-Larrea, Luis

Abstract

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.

Published
2016
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11. Current practices in long-term video-EEG monitoring services : A survey among partners of the E-PILEPSY pilot network of reference for refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery

Author

Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, Trinka, Eugen, Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, and Trinka, Eugen

Published
2016

12. Current practices in long-term video-EEG monitoring services: A survey among partners of the E-PILEPSY pilot network of reference for refractory epilepsy and epilepsy surgery

Author

ZL Kinder Ner en Nec Medisch, Brain, Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, Trinka, Eugen, ZL Kinder Ner en Nec Medisch, Brain, Kobulashvili, Teia, Höfler, Julia, Dobesberger, Judith, Ernst, Florian, Ryvlin, Philippe, Cross, J. Helen, Braun, Kees, Dimova, Petia, Francione, Stefano, Hecimovic, Hrvoje, Helmstaedter, Christoph, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Lossius, Morten Ingvar, Malmgren, Kristina, Marusic, Petr, Steinhoff, Bernhard J., Boon, Paul, Craiu, Dana, Delanty, Norman, Fabo, Daniel, Gil-Nagel, Antonio, Guekht, Alla, Hirsch, Edouard, Kalviainen, Reetta, Mameniskiené, Ruta, Özkara, Çiǧdem, Seeck, Margitta, Rubboli, Guido, Krsek, Pavel, Rheims, Sylvain, and Trinka, Eugen

Published
2016

13. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Author

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, and Garcia-Larrea, Luis

Abstract

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.

Published
2016
Full Text
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14. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Author

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Andre-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S., Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H., Cantello, Roberto M., Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Herve, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša, Hummel, Friedhelm C., Jaaskelainen, Satu K., Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C., Schonfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R., Slotema, Christina W., Stagg, Charlotte J., Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Andre-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S., Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H., Cantello, Roberto M., Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Herve, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša, Hummel, Friedhelm C., Jaaskelainen, Satu K., Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C., Schonfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R., Slotema, Christina W., Stagg, Charlotte J., Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, and Garcia-Larrea, Luis

Abstract

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.

Published
2014

15. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Author

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Andre-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S., Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H., Cantello, Roberto M., Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Herve, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša, Hummel, Friedhelm C., Jaaskelainen, Satu K., Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C., Schonfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R., Slotema, Christina W., Stagg, Charlotte J., Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, Andre-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S., Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H., Cantello, Roberto M., Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Herve, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša, Hummel, Friedhelm C., Jaaskelainen, Satu K., Kimiskidis, Vasilios K., Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C., Schonfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R., Slotema, Christina W., Stagg, Charlotte J., Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, and Garcia-Larrea, Luis

Abstract

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.

Published
2014

16. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Author

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, and Garcia-Larrea, Luis

Abstract

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.

Published
2014

17. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Author

Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, Garcia-Larrea, Luis, Lefaucheur, Jean-Pascal, André-Obadia, Nathalie, Antal, Andrea, Ayache, Samar S, Baeken, Chris, Benninger, David H, Cantello, Roberto M, Cincotta, Massimo, de Carvalho, Mamede, De Ridder, Dirk, Devanne, Hervé, Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo, Filipović, Saša R, Hummel, Friedhelm C, Jääskeläinen, Satu K, Kimiskidis, Vasilios K, Koch, Giacomo, Langguth, Berthold, Nyffeler, Thomas, Oliviero, Antonio, Padberg, Frank, Poulet, Emmanuel, Rossi, Simone, Rossini, Paolo Maria, Rothwell, John C, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Siebner, Hartwig R, Slotema, Christina W, Stagg, Charlotte J, Valls-Sole, Josep, Ziemann, Ulf, Paulus, Walter, and Garcia-Larrea, Luis

Abstract

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until March 2014, regarding pain, movement disorders, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, consciousness disorders, tinnitus, depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, craving/addiction, and conversion. Despite unavoidable inhomogeneities, there is a sufficient body of evidence to accept with level A (definite efficacy) the analgesic effect of high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the pain and the antidepressant effect of HF-rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A Level B recommendation (probable efficacy) is proposed for the antidepressant effect of low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC, HF-rTMS of the left DLPFC for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and LF-rTMS of contralesional M1 in chronic motor stroke. The effects of rTMS in a number of indications reach level C (possible efficacy), including LF-rTMS of the left temporoparietal cortex in tinnitus and auditory hallucinations. It remains to determine how to optimize rTMS protocols and techniques to give them relevance in routine clinical practice. In addition, professionals carrying out rTMS protocols should undergo rigorous training to ensure the quality of the technical realization, guarantee the proper care of patients, and maximize the chances of success. Under these conditions, the therapeutic use of rTMS should be able to develop in the coming years.

Published
2014

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