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Sports videos pose complex challenges, including cluttered backgrounds, camera angle changes, small action-representing objects, and imbalanced action class distribution. Existing methods for detecting actions in sports videos heavily rely on global features, utilizing a backbone network as a black box that encompasses the entire spatial frame. However, these approaches tend to overlook the nuances of the scene and struggle with detecting actions that occupy a small portion of the frame. In particular, they face difficulties when dealing with action classes involving small objects, such as balls or yellow/red cards in soccer, which only occupy a fraction of the screen space. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel approach that analyzes and models scene entities using an adaptive attention mechanism. Particularly, our model disentangles the scene content into the global environment feature and local relevant scene entities feature. To efficiently extract environmental features while considering temporal information with less computational cost, we propose the use of a 2D backbone network with a time-shift mechanism. To accurately capture relevant scene entities, we employ a Vision-Language model in conjunction with the adaptive attention mechanism. Our model has demonstrated outstanding performance, securing the 1st place in the SoccerNet-v2 Action Spotting, FineDiving, and FineGym challenge with a substantial performance improvement of 1.6, 2.0, and 1.3 points in avg-mAP compared to the runner-up methods. Furthermore, our approach offers interpretability capabilities in contrast to other deep learning models, which are often designed as black boxes. Our code and models are released at: https://github.com/Fsoft-AIC/unifying-global-local-feature., Comment: Accepted to IJCNN 2024

Despite recent significant progress, Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) faces limitations such as reliance on prior knowledge and predefined categories and struggles with unseen objects. To address these issues, Generic Multiple Object Tracking (GMOT) has emerged as an alternative approach, requiring less prior information. However, current GMOT methods often rely on initial bounding boxes and struggle to handle variations in factors such as viewpoint, lighting, occlusion, and scale, among others. Our contributions commence with the introduction of the \textit{Referring GMOT dataset} a collection of videos, each accompanied by detailed textual descriptions of their attributes. Subsequently, we propose $\mathtt{Z-GMOT}$, a cutting-edge tracking solution capable of tracking objects from \textit{never-seen categories} without the need of initial bounding boxes or predefined categories. Within our $\mathtt{Z-GMOT}$ framework, we introduce two novel components: (i) $\mathtt{iGLIP}$, an improved Grounded language-image pretraining, for accurately detecting unseen objects with specific characteristics. (ii) $\mathtt{MA-SORT}$, a novel object association approach that adeptly integrates motion and appearance-based matching strategies to tackle the complex task of tracking objects with high similarity. Our contributions are benchmarked through extensive experiments conducted on the Referring GMOT dataset for GMOT task. Additionally, to assess the generalizability of the proposed $\mathtt{Z-GMOT}$, we conduct ablation studies on the DanceTrack and MOT20 datasets for the MOT task. Our dataset, code, and models are released at: https://fsoft-aic.github.io/Z-GMOT., Comment: Accepted to NAACL 2024

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Goodkin, N. F., Samanta, D., Bolton, A., Ong, M. R., Hoang, P. K., Vo, S. T., Karnauskas, K. B., & Hughen, K. A. Natural and anthropogenic forcing of multi-decadal to centennial scale variability of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36(10), (2021): e2021PA004233, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004233., Four hundred years of reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from a coral located off the coast of Vietnam show significant multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability in wet and dry seasons. Wet and dry season SST co-vary significantly at multi-decadal timescales, and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) explains the majority of variability in both seasons. A newly reconstructed wet season IPO index was compared to other IPO reconstructions, showing significant long-term agreement with varying amplitude of negative IPO signals based on geographic location. Dry season SST also correlates to sea level pressure anomalies and the East Asian Winter Monsoon, although with an inverse relationship from established interannual behavior, as previously seen with an ocean circulation proxy from the same coral. Centennial-scale variability in wet and dry season SST shows 300 years of near simultaneous changes, with an abrupt decoupling of the records around 1900, after which the dry season continues a long-term cooling trend while the wet season remains almost constant. Climate model simulations indicate greenhouse gases as the largest contributor to the decoupling of the wet and dry season SSTs and demonstrate increased heat advection to the western South China Sea in the wet season, potentially disrupting the covariance in seasonal SST., This research was supported by a Singapore National Research Fellowship to N.F. Goodkin (NRFF-2012-03) as administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and by a Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 award to N.F. Goodkin, K.A. Hughen, and K.B. Karnauskas (MOE-2016-T2-1-016). D. Samanta was partially supported by a Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 3 award (MOE2019-T3-1-004).

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Goodkin, N. F., Samanta, D., Bolton, A., Ong, M. R., Hoang, P. K., Vo, S. T., Karnauskas, K. B., & Hughen, K. A. Natural and anthropogenic forcing of multi-decadal to centennial scale variability of sea surface temperature in the South China Sea. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 36(10), (2021): e2021PA004233, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004233., Four hundred years of reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from a coral located off the coast of Vietnam show significant multi-decadal to centennial-scale variability in wet and dry seasons. Wet and dry season SST co-vary significantly at multi-decadal timescales, and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) explains the majority of variability in both seasons. A newly reconstructed wet season IPO index was compared to other IPO reconstructions, showing significant long-term agreement with varying amplitude of negative IPO signals based on geographic location. Dry season SST also correlates to sea level pressure anomalies and the East Asian Winter Monsoon, although with an inverse relationship from established interannual behavior, as previously seen with an ocean circulation proxy from the same coral. Centennial-scale variability in wet and dry season SST shows 300 years of near simultaneous changes, with an abrupt decoupling of the records around 1900, after which the dry season continues a long-term cooling trend while the wet season remains almost constant. Climate model simulations indicate greenhouse gases as the largest contributor to the decoupling of the wet and dry season SSTs and demonstrate increased heat advection to the western South China Sea in the wet season, potentially disrupting the covariance in seasonal SST., This research was supported by a Singapore National Research Fellowship to N.F. Goodkin (NRFF-2012-03) as administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and by a Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 award to N.F. Goodkin, K.A. Hughen, and K.B. Karnauskas (MOE-2016-T2-1-016). D. Samanta was partially supported by a Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 3 award (MOE2019-T3-1-004).

The non-noble Ni-based catalyst has been attentive due to its low-cost and high activity in hydro-transfer reactions. However, the selective conversion is still lower compared to noble metal-based catalysts. In this study, we would like to design the modified Ni catalyst by co-doping P and Ce to form Nickel phosphide and bimetallic catalysts, which are supported in N-doping activated carbon. Aiming to study to convert agroforestry residues into valuable chemicals, which are further applied in Jet fuel, we investigated the effect of various biomass types as well as design Ni -based catalysts on upgrading fast pyrolysis oil. In detail, the research includes three parts: Part 1: Studying pyrolysis of 20 biomass samples in Thailand using data analysis to predict the pathway of phenolic formation, which was affected by biomass type and pyrolysis temperature. We found that a significant interaction relationship between lignin, hemicellulose, and pyrolysis temperature on the fraction of phenolic and aromatic hydrocarbon with rich-lignin biomass content and high temperature (550 – 600 °C) in fast catalytic pyrolysis can be an excessive solution to convert the waste material to high alkylphenol content. The statistic was performed to predict the yield of phenolic compounds from each fraction of lignocellulose with temperature. Part 2 and 3 are the development of nickel phosphide and bi-metallic of Ni-Ce support on N-doping activated charcoal for deoxygenation of pyrolyzed vapor from biomass pyrolysis in case of full H2 and limited H2 co-feeding gas, respectively. In the detail, the Ni2P/N-doping catalyst significantly influenced by the co-ordination of N-doping activated carbon to the formation of pure Ni2P phase with small particle size. The high selective alkylphenol product (>70%) was observed under mild temperature (300 – 400 °C), under atmospheric pressure in fixed-bed reactors. The Ni2P/CN50 catalyst can be applied in three cycles without treatment still performed high

The non-noble Ni-based catalyst has been attentive due to its low-cost and high activity in hydro-transfer reactions. However, the selective conversion is still lower compared to noble metal-based catalysts. In this study, we would like to design the modified Ni catalyst by co-doping P and Ce to form Nickel phosphide and bimetallic catalysts, which are supported in N-doping activated carbon. Aiming to study to convert agroforestry residues into valuable chemicals, which are further applied in Jet fuel, we investigated the effect of various biomass types as well as design Ni -based catalysts on upgrading fast pyrolysis oil. In detail, the research includes three parts: Part 1: Studying pyrolysis of 20 biomass samples in Thailand using data analysis to predict the pathway of phenolic formation, which was affected by biomass type and pyrolysis temperature. We found that a significant interaction relationship between lignin, hemicellulose, and pyrolysis temperature on the fraction of phenolic and aromatic hydrocarbon with rich-lignin biomass content and high temperature (550 – 600 °C) in fast catalytic pyrolysis can be an excessive solution to convert the waste material to high alkylphenol content. The statistic was performed to predict the yield of phenolic compounds from each fraction of lignocellulose with temperature. Part 2 and 3 are the development of nickel phosphide and bi-metallic of Ni-Ce support on N-doping activated charcoal for deoxygenation of pyrolyzed vapor from biomass pyrolysis in case of full H2 and limited H2 co-feeding gas, respectively. In the detail, the Ni2P/N-doping catalyst significantly influenced by the co-ordination of N-doping activated carbon to the formation of pure Ni2P phase with small particle size. The high selective alkylphenol product (>70%) was observed under mild temperature (300 – 400 °C), under atmospheric pressure in fixed-bed reactors. The Ni2P/CN50 catalyst can be applied in three cycles without treatment still performed high

The non-noble Ni-based catalyst has been attentive due to its low-cost and high activity in hydro-transfer reactions. However, the selective conversion is still lower compared to noble metal-based catalysts. In this study, we would like to design the modified Ni catalyst by co-doping P and Ce to form Nickel phosphide and bimetallic catalysts, which are supported in N-doping activated carbon. Aiming to study to convert agroforestry residues into valuable chemicals, which are further applied in Jet fuel, we investigated the effect of various biomass types as well as design Ni -based catalysts on upgrading fast pyrolysis oil. In detail, the research includes three parts: Part 1: Studying pyrolysis of 20 biomass samples in Thailand using data analysis to predict the pathway of phenolic formation, which was affected by biomass type and pyrolysis temperature. We found that a significant interaction relationship between lignin, hemicellulose, and pyrolysis temperature on the fraction of phenolic and aromatic hydrocarbon with rich-lignin biomass content and high temperature (550 – 600 °C) in fast catalytic pyrolysis can be an excessive solution to convert the waste material to high alkylphenol content. The statistic was performed to predict the yield of phenolic compounds from each fraction of lignocellulose with temperature. Part 2 and 3 are the development of nickel phosphide and bi-metallic of Ni-Ce support on N-doping activated charcoal for deoxygenation of pyrolyzed vapor from biomass pyrolysis in case of full H2 and limited H2 co-feeding gas, respectively. In the detail, the Ni2P/N-doping catalyst significantly influenced by the co-ordination of N-doping activated carbon to the formation of pure Ni2P phase with small particle size. The high selective alkylphenol product (>70%) was observed under mild temperature (300 – 400 °C), under atmospheric pressure in fixed-bed reactors. The Ni2P/CN50 catalyst can be applied in three cycles without treatment still performed high

The non-noble Ni-based catalyst has been attentive due to its low-cost and high activity in hydro-transfer reactions. However, the selective conversion is still lower compared to noble metal-based catalysts. In this study, we would like to design the modified Ni catalyst by co-doping P and Ce to form Nickel phosphide and bimetallic catalysts, which are supported in N-doping activated carbon. Aiming to study to convert agroforestry residues into valuable chemicals, which are further applied in Jet fuel, we investigated the effect of various biomass types as well as design Ni -based catalysts on upgrading fast pyrolysis oil. In detail, the research includes three parts: Part 1: Studying pyrolysis of 20 biomass samples in Thailand using data analysis to predict the pathway of phenolic formation, which was affected by biomass type and pyrolysis temperature. We found that a significant interaction relationship between lignin, hemicellulose, and pyrolysis temperature on the fraction of phenolic and aromatic hydrocarbon with rich-lignin biomass content and high temperature (550 – 600 °C) in fast catalytic pyrolysis can be an excessive solution to convert the waste material to high alkylphenol content. The statistic was performed to predict the yield of phenolic compounds from each fraction of lignocellulose with temperature. Part 2 and 3 are the development of nickel phosphide and bi-metallic of Ni-Ce support on N-doping activated charcoal for deoxygenation of pyrolyzed vapor from biomass pyrolysis in case of full H2 and limited H2 co-feeding gas, respectively. In the detail, the Ni2P/N-doping catalyst significantly influenced by the co-ordination of N-doping activated carbon to the formation of pure Ni2P phase with small particle size. The high selective alkylphenol product (>70%) was observed under mild temperature (300 – 400 °C), under atmospheric pressure in fixed-bed reactors. The Ni2P/CN50 catalyst can be applied in three cycles without treatment still performed high

The non-noble Ni-based catalyst has been attentive due to its low-cost and high activity in hydro-transfer reactions. However, the selective conversion is still lower compared to noble metal-based catalysts. In this study, we would like to design the modified Ni catalyst by co-doping P and Ce to form Nickel phosphide and bimetallic catalysts, which are supported in N-doping activated carbon. Aiming to study to convert agroforestry residues into valuable chemicals, which are further applied in Jet fuel, we investigated the effect of various biomass types as well as design Ni -based catalysts on upgrading fast pyrolysis oil. In detail, the research includes three parts: Part 1: Studying pyrolysis of 20 biomass samples in Thailand using data analysis to predict the pathway of phenolic formation, which was affected by biomass type and pyrolysis temperature. We found that a significant interaction relationship between lignin, hemicellulose, and pyrolysis temperature on the fraction of phenolic and aromatic hydrocarbon with rich-lignin biomass content and high temperature (550 – 600 °C) in fast catalytic pyrolysis can be an excessive solution to convert the waste material to high alkylphenol content. The statistic was performed to predict the yield of phenolic compounds from each fraction of lignocellulose with temperature. Part 2 and 3 are the development of nickel phosphide and bi-metallic of Ni-Ce support on N-doping activated charcoal for deoxygenation of pyrolyzed vapor from biomass pyrolysis in case of full H2 and limited H2 co-feeding gas, respectively. In the detail, the Ni2P/N-doping catalyst significantly influenced by the co-ordination of N-doping activated carbon to the formation of pure Ni2P phase with small particle size. The high selective alkylphenol product (>70%) was observed under mild temperature (300 – 400 °C), under atmospheric pressure in fixed-bed reactors. The Ni2P/CN50 catalyst can be applied in three cycles without treatment still performed high

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters, 46(9), (2019):4790-4798, doi:10.1029/2019GL081939., The East Asian Monsoon (EAM) impacts storms, freshwater availability, wind energy production, coal consumption, and subsequent air quality for billions of people across Asia. Despite its importance, the EAM's long‐term behavior is poorly understood. Here we present an annually resolved record of EAM variance from 1584 to 1950 based on radiocarbon content in a coral from the coast of Vietnam. The coral record reveals previously undocumented centennial scale changes in EAM variance during both the summer and winter seasons, with an overall decline from 1600 to the present. Such long‐term variations in monsoon variance appear to reflect independent seasonal mechanisms that are a combination of changes in continental temperature, the strength of the Siberian High, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation behavior. We conclude that the EAM is an important conduit for propagating climate signals from the tropics to higher latitudes., Thanks go to G. Williams, W. Tak‐Cheung, and J. Ossolinski. Thanks also go to V. Lee, S. H. Ng for coral sampling, and B. Buckley for conversations. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore NRF Fellowship scheme awarded to N. Goodkin (National Research Fellowship award NRFF‐2012‐03) and administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. The research was also supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (award MOE2016‐T2‐1‐016). Data are available in Table S1 and the NOAA paleoclimate database.

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters, 46(9), (2019):4790-4798, doi:10.1029/2019GL081939., The East Asian Monsoon (EAM) impacts storms, freshwater availability, wind energy production, coal consumption, and subsequent air quality for billions of people across Asia. Despite its importance, the EAM's long‐term behavior is poorly understood. Here we present an annually resolved record of EAM variance from 1584 to 1950 based on radiocarbon content in a coral from the coast of Vietnam. The coral record reveals previously undocumented centennial scale changes in EAM variance during both the summer and winter seasons, with an overall decline from 1600 to the present. Such long‐term variations in monsoon variance appear to reflect independent seasonal mechanisms that are a combination of changes in continental temperature, the strength of the Siberian High, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation behavior. We conclude that the EAM is an important conduit for propagating climate signals from the tropics to higher latitudes., Thanks go to G. Williams, W. Tak‐Cheung, and J. Ossolinski. Thanks also go to V. Lee, S. H. Ng for coral sampling, and B. Buckley for conversations. This research was supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore NRF Fellowship scheme awarded to N. Goodkin (National Research Fellowship award NRFF‐2012‐03) and administered by the Earth Observatory of Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative. The research was also supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2 (award MOE2016‐T2‐1‐016). Data are available in Table S1 and the NOAA paleoclimate database.

This paper aims to introduce some of the most well-known economic theories and their growth sources. How effective are economic theories as time passes, will they be replaced by newer theories, or become the foundations for the more advanced and contemporary ones? Do all countries grow from the same sources, if so, shouldn’t they all grow at the same rate? These questions have started endless debates among economists and is also the goal of this research paper. In the case of Vietnam, what are the reasons and driving factors behind its rapid growth? How much longer can Vietnam keep growing at this rate and what are its implications? The second chapter of this paper attempts to answer these questions as well.

This paper aims to introduce some of the most well-known economic theories and their growth sources. How effective are economic theories as time passes, will they be replaced by newer theories, or become the foundations for the more advanced and contemporary ones? Do all countries grow from the same sources, if so, shouldn’t they all grow at the same rate? These questions have started endless debates among economists and is also the goal of this research paper. In the case of Vietnam, what are the reasons and driving factors behind its rapid growth? How much longer can Vietnam keep growing at this rate and what are its implications? The second chapter of this paper attempts to answer these questions as well.

This paper aims to introduce some of the most well-known economic theories and their growth sources. How effective are economic theories as time passes, will they be replaced by newer theories, or become the foundations for the more advanced and contemporary ones? Do all countries grow from the same sources, if so, shouldn’t they all grow at the same rate? These questions have started endless debates among economists and is also the goal of this research paper. In the case of Vietnam, what are the reasons and driving factors behind its rapid growth? How much longer can Vietnam keep growing at this rate and what are its implications? The second chapter of this paper attempts to answer these questions as well.

This study resolved the low quality of bio-oil of waste cooking oil (WCO) and pyrolysis oil by deoxygenation (DO) using cheap and high stability catalyst, at low upgrading temperature, under atmospheric operation in a fixed-bed reactor. There were two main works consist of preparation the optimized nickel phosphide supported on activated carbon (Ni2P/AC) catalyst, which investigated by catalytic DO activity of WCO, and its application in integrated upgrading pyrolysis oil of napier grass. In the first part, the activated carbon (AC) was simply prepared by development of commercial charcoal via chemical treatment with solid potassium hydroxide. The nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts were prepared by wet co-impregnating and treated by a low treatment temperature method (LT) and temperature programmed reduction method (TPR). The optimized Ni2P/AC catalyst was obtained by preparation of TPR method with Ni:P molar ratio of 1.5, nickel loading of 5.37 mmol per one gram activated carbon. In catalytic DO activity of WCO, the reaction condition was optimized at reaction temperature (T) of 300 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2.33 min-1. The oxygen removal pathway proposed by decarbonylation and decarboxylation and hydrodecarboxylation to present excellent deoxygenation performance (88 %) and selective with n-paraffins, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics as a major compositions. The deoxygenation activity of integrated upgrading pyrolysis was investigated with various upgrading reaction temperatures in the range of 300 °C to 360 °C and GHSV in the range of 5.61 to 9.82 min-1 under atmospheric pressure in a fix-bed reactor. The 5.37-Ni2P/AC-1.5-TPR catalysts presented the excellent deoxygenation performance via hydration pathway at T of 360 °C and GHSV of 8.42 min-1. The product after treatment was upgraded with decreasing O/C atomic molar from 0.24 to 0.17. The major composition was a high value chemicals such as phenolic, cycloalkane and aromatic.

This study resolved the low quality of bio-oil of waste cooking oil (WCO) and pyrolysis oil by deoxygenation (DO) using cheap and high stability catalyst, at low upgrading temperature, under atmospheric operation in a fixed-bed reactor. There were two main works consist of preparation the optimized nickel phosphide supported on activated carbon (Ni2P/AC) catalyst, which investigated by catalytic DO activity of WCO, and its application in integrated upgrading pyrolysis oil of napier grass. In the first part, the activated carbon (AC) was simply prepared by development of commercial charcoal via chemical treatment with solid potassium hydroxide. The nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts were prepared by wet co-impregnating and treated by a low treatment temperature method (LT) and temperature programmed reduction method (TPR). The optimized Ni2P/AC catalyst was obtained by preparation of TPR method with Ni:P molar ratio of 1.5, nickel loading of 5.37 mmol per one gram activated carbon. In catalytic DO activity of WCO, the reaction condition was optimized at reaction temperature (T) of 300 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2.33 min-1. The oxygen removal pathway proposed by decarbonylation and decarboxylation and hydrodecarboxylation to present excellent deoxygenation performance (88 %) and selective with n-paraffins, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics as a major compositions. The deoxygenation activity of integrated upgrading pyrolysis was investigated with various upgrading reaction temperatures in the range of 300 °C to 360 °C and GHSV in the range of 5.61 to 9.82 min-1 under atmospheric pressure in a fix-bed reactor. The 5.37-Ni2P/AC-1.5-TPR catalysts presented the excellent deoxygenation performance via hydration pathway at T of 360 °C and GHSV of 8.42 min-1. The product after treatment was upgraded with decreasing O/C atomic molar from 0.24 to 0.17. The major composition was a high value chemicals such as phenolic, cycloalkane and aromatic.

This study resolved the low quality of bio-oil of waste cooking oil (WCO) and pyrolysis oil by deoxygenation (DO) using cheap and high stability catalyst, at low upgrading temperature, under atmospheric operation in a fixed-bed reactor. There were two main works consist of preparation the optimized nickel phosphide supported on activated carbon (Ni2P/AC) catalyst, which investigated by catalytic DO activity of WCO, and its application in integrated upgrading pyrolysis oil of napier grass. In the first part, the activated carbon (AC) was simply prepared by development of commercial charcoal via chemical treatment with solid potassium hydroxide. The nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts were prepared by wet co-impregnating and treated by a low treatment temperature method (LT) and temperature programmed reduction method (TPR). The optimized Ni2P/AC catalyst was obtained by preparation of TPR method with Ni:P molar ratio of 1.5, nickel loading of 5.37 mmol per one gram activated carbon. In catalytic DO activity of WCO, the reaction condition was optimized at reaction temperature (T) of 300 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2.33 min-1. The oxygen removal pathway proposed by decarbonylation and decarboxylation and hydrodecarboxylation to present excellent deoxygenation performance (88 %) and selective with n-paraffins, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics as a major compositions. The deoxygenation activity of integrated upgrading pyrolysis was investigated with various upgrading reaction temperatures in the range of 300 °C to 360 °C and GHSV in the range of 5.61 to 9.82 min-1 under atmospheric pressure in a fix-bed reactor. The 5.37-Ni2P/AC-1.5-TPR catalysts presented the excellent deoxygenation performance via hydration pathway at T of 360 °C and GHSV of 8.42 min-1. The product after treatment was upgraded with decreasing O/C atomic molar from 0.24 to 0.17. The major composition was a high value chemicals such as phenolic, cycloalkane and aromatic.

This study resolved the low quality of bio-oil of waste cooking oil (WCO) and pyrolysis oil by deoxygenation (DO) using cheap and high stability catalyst, at low upgrading temperature, under atmospheric operation in a fixed-bed reactor. There were two main works consist of preparation the optimized nickel phosphide supported on activated carbon (Ni2P/AC) catalyst, which investigated by catalytic DO activity of WCO, and its application in integrated upgrading pyrolysis oil of napier grass. In the first part, the activated carbon (AC) was simply prepared by development of commercial charcoal via chemical treatment with solid potassium hydroxide. The nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts were prepared by wet co-impregnating and treated by a low treatment temperature method (LT) and temperature programmed reduction method (TPR). The optimized Ni2P/AC catalyst was obtained by preparation of TPR method with Ni:P molar ratio of 1.5, nickel loading of 5.37 mmol per one gram activated carbon. In catalytic DO activity of WCO, the reaction condition was optimized at reaction temperature (T) of 300 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2.33 min-1. The oxygen removal pathway proposed by decarbonylation and decarboxylation and hydrodecarboxylation to present excellent deoxygenation performance (88 %) and selective with n-paraffins, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics as a major compositions. The deoxygenation activity of integrated upgrading pyrolysis was investigated with various upgrading reaction temperatures in the range of 300 °C to 360 °C and GHSV in the range of 5.61 to 9.82 min-1 under atmospheric pressure in a fix-bed reactor. The 5.37-Ni2P/AC-1.5-TPR catalysts presented the excellent deoxygenation performance via hydration pathway at T of 360 °C and GHSV of 8.42 min-1. The product after treatment was upgraded with decreasing O/C atomic molar from 0.24 to 0.17. The major composition was a high value chemicals such as phenolic, cycloalkane and aromatic.

This study resolved the low quality of bio-oil of waste cooking oil (WCO) and pyrolysis oil by deoxygenation (DO) using cheap and high stability catalyst, at low upgrading temperature, under atmospheric operation in a fixed-bed reactor. There were two main works consist of preparation the optimized nickel phosphide supported on activated carbon (Ni2P/AC) catalyst, which investigated by catalytic DO activity of WCO, and its application in integrated upgrading pyrolysis oil of napier grass. In the first part, the activated carbon (AC) was simply prepared by development of commercial charcoal via chemical treatment with solid potassium hydroxide. The nickel phosphide (Ni2P) catalysts were prepared by wet co-impregnating and treated by a low treatment temperature method (LT) and temperature programmed reduction method (TPR). The optimized Ni2P/AC catalyst was obtained by preparation of TPR method with Ni:P molar ratio of 1.5, nickel loading of 5.37 mmol per one gram activated carbon. In catalytic DO activity of WCO, the reaction condition was optimized at reaction temperature (T) of 300 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2.33 min-1. The oxygen removal pathway proposed by decarbonylation and decarboxylation and hydrodecarboxylation to present excellent deoxygenation performance (88 %) and selective with n-paraffins, branched alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics as a major compositions. The deoxygenation activity of integrated upgrading pyrolysis was investigated with various upgrading reaction temperatures in the range of 300 °C to 360 °C and GHSV in the range of 5.61 to 9.82 min-1 under atmospheric pressure in a fix-bed reactor. The 5.37-Ni2P/AC-1.5-TPR catalysts presented the excellent deoxygenation performance via hydration pathway at T of 360 °C and GHSV of 8.42 min-1. The product after treatment was upgraded with decreasing O/C atomic molar from 0.24 to 0.17. The major composition was a high value chemicals such as phenolic, cycloalkane and aromatic.

Background: Little is known about the welfare of carers of stroke survivors in Vietnam. This study assessed their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 3 months of caring for a stroke patient. Method(s): The main carers of first-ever stroke patients admitted to the stroke unit of a major hospital in HoChiMinh City from June to September 2012 were interviewed 3 months post stroke. HRQoL was assessed using the Duke Health Profile (DHP, 10 domains, range 0 = worst to 100 = best) and the EQ5D (5 domains, range -0.269 = worse than death to 1 = full health). Stroke severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the modified Rankin Scale. Mean DHP values were compared with those from a population-based survey of city residents 8 years earlier and with those of the stroke patients cared for, each weighted to reflect the age-distribution of the carers, and between levels of patient and care-giver characteristics. Result(s): The study included 108 carers of mean age 45.9 (SD 14.1) years (69.4% female). Most carers were children (50%) or spouses (37%) who lived in the same house as the stroke patient. The mean DHP scores of the carers were generally higher than population reference values, and higher than those of the stroke patients. The mean DHP scores of carers declined with age and were higher for males than females, was inversely associated with severity of stroke at three months of the stroke suffered by their patient they cared for, and were correlated with their own EQ5D scores on dimensions that measured similar constructs. Conclusion(s): Carers of the most severely-affected stroke survivors had poorest HRQoL, but overall their DHP scores were higher than population reference values. This may reflect the wider family context of caring in Vietnam, with responsibilities assigned to healthy members best able to cope.

Background: Little is known about the welfare of carers of stroke survivors in Vietnam. This study assessed their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after 3 months of caring for a stroke patient. Method(s): The main carers of first-ever stroke patients admitted to the stroke unit of a major hospital in HoChiMinh City from June to September 2012 were interviewed 3 months post stroke. HRQoL was assessed using the Duke Health Profile (DHP, 10 domains, range 0 = worst to 100 = best) and the EQ5D (5 domains, range -0.269 = worse than death to 1 = full health). Stroke severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the modified Rankin Scale. Mean DHP values were compared with those from a population-based survey of city residents 8 years earlier and with those of the stroke patients cared for, each weighted to reflect the age-distribution of the carers, and between levels of patient and care-giver characteristics. Result(s): The study included 108 carers of mean age 45.9 (SD 14.1) years (69.4% female). Most carers were children (50%) or spouses (37%) who lived in the same house as the stroke patient. The mean DHP scores of the carers were generally higher than population reference values, and higher than those of the stroke patients. The mean DHP scores of carers declined with age and were higher for males than females, was inversely associated with severity of stroke at three months of the stroke suffered by their patient they cared for, and were correlated with their own EQ5D scores on dimensions that measured similar constructs. Conclusion(s): Carers of the most severely-affected stroke survivors had poorest HRQoL, but overall their DHP scores were higher than population reference values. This may reflect the wider family context of caring in Vietnam, with responsibilities assigned to healthy members best able to cope.