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Generally herbicides (pesticides) have the potential to pollute the environment. Ground water, ponds, lakes and rivers are strongly affected by herbicide pollution. The herbicides that find their way into rivers, streams and lakes end up poisoning the marine life and have an adverse effect on the fishing industry. So in field studies, the phytotoxic effects of organic weed extracts were determined on the weeds and wheat crop. Ethanol or CHCl3 (trichloromethane or chloroform) extracts of toothpick weed (Ammi visnaga L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) were applied at 1 000 and 500 ppm. One month after wheat sowing. The CHCl3 extract of field bindweed at 1 000 ppm and toothpick weed at 500 ppm drastically reduced the weeds population (33.67 weeds m-2 each than 101 m-2 in untreated control) but increased the wheat grain yield. The CHCl3 extract of bindweed applied at 500 ppm gave maximum wheat yield (1.2 t ha-1), while toothpick weed extract in the same solvent and applied at 1 000 ppm gave wheat yield of 1.1 t ha-1. Judicious control measures for noxious weeds of allelopathic extracts are recommended to be adopted for harvesting better quantity and quality of wheat and also avoid the air pollution as well., Generalmente, los herbicidas (pesticidas) tienen el potencial de contaminar el medio ambiente. Agua subterránea, estanques, lagos y ríos se ven fuertemente afectados por la contaminación de éstos. Los herbicidas que encuentran su camino en los ríos, arroyos y lagos acabar envenenando la vida marina y tener un efecto adverso en la industria pesquera. Así que, en los estudios de campo, los efectos fitotóxicos de extractos orgánicos de malezas se determinaron en las malezas y cosecha de trigo. El etanol CHCl3 (triclorometano o cloroformo) o extractos de algas palillo de dientes (Ammi visnaga L.) y la enredadera de campo (Convolvulus arvensis L.) se aplicaron en 1 000 y 500 ppm. Un mes después de la siembra de trigo, el extracto de CHCl3 de correhuela a 1 000 ppm y malezas palillo de dientes a 500 ppm, reducido drásticamente la población de malezas (33,67 malezas m-2 cada uno de 101 m-2 en el control sin tratar), pero aumentó el rendimiento de grano de trigo. El extracto CHCl3 de enredadera, aplicada a 500 ppm, dio un rendimiento del trigo máximo (1.2 t ha-1), mientras que el extracto de malezas palillo de dientes en el mismo disolvente y se aplica a1 000 ppm dio el rendimiento de trigo de 1,1 t ha-1. Se recomiendan medidas de control juiciosas para malas hierbas nocivas de extractos alelopáticos que se adopte para la cosecha de mejor calidad y cantidad de trigo y también evitar la contaminación del aire.

Generally herbicides (pesticides) have the potential to pollute the environment. Ground water, ponds, lakes and rivers are strongly affected by herbicide pollution. The herbicides that find their way into rivers, streams and lakes end up poisoning the marine life and have an adverse effect on the fishing industry. So in field studies, the phytotoxic effects of organic weed extracts were determined on the weeds and wheat crop. Ethanol or CHCl3 (trichloromethane or chloroform) extracts of toothpick weed (Ammi visnaga L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) were applied at 1 000 and 500 ppm. One month after wheat sowing. The CHCl3 extract of field bindweed at 1 000 ppm and toothpick weed at 500 ppm drastically reduced the weeds population (33.67 weeds m-2 each than 101 m-2 in untreated control) but increased the wheat grain yield. The CHCl3 extract of bindweed applied at 500 ppm gave maximum wheat yield (1.2 t ha-1), while toothpick weed extract in the same solvent and applied at 1 000 ppm gave wheat yield of 1.1 t ha-1. Judicious control measures for noxious weeds of allelopathic extracts are recommended to be adopted for harvesting better quantity and quality of wheat and also avoid the air pollution as well., Generalmente, los herbicidas (pesticidas) tienen el potencial de contaminar el medio ambiente. Agua subterránea, estanques, lagos y ríos se ven fuertemente afectados por la contaminación de éstos. Los herbicidas que encuentran su camino en los ríos, arroyos y lagos acabar envenenando la vida marina y tener un efecto adverso en la industria pesquera. Así que, en los estudios de campo, los efectos fitotóxicos de extractos orgánicos de malezas se determinaron en las malezas y cosecha de trigo. El etanol CHCl3 (triclorometano o cloroformo) o extractos de algas palillo de dientes (Ammi visnaga L.) y la enredadera de campo (Convolvulus arvensis L.) se aplicaron en 1 000 y 500 ppm. Un mes después de la siembra de trigo, el extracto de CHCl3 de correhuela a 1 000 ppm y malezas palillo de dientes a 500 ppm, reducido drásticamente la población de malezas (33,67 malezas m-2 cada uno de 101 m-2 en el control sin tratar), pero aumentó el rendimiento de grano de trigo. El extracto CHCl3 de enredadera, aplicada a 500 ppm, dio un rendimiento del trigo máximo (1.2 t ha-1), mientras que el extracto de malezas palillo de dientes en el mismo disolvente y se aplica a1 000 ppm dio el rendimiento de trigo de 1,1 t ha-1. Se recomiendan medidas de control juiciosas para malas hierbas nocivas de extractos alelopáticos que se adopte para la cosecha de mejor calidad y cantidad de trigo y también evitar la contaminación del aire.

A proposed experimental setup for study and demonstration of the pressure distribution and load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings was developed. Various conceptual designs for producing thin full film lubrication conditions and enabling gap geometry control and pressure and force measurements were produced and assessed. Relative motion for the interacting bearing surfaces was found promising to be achieved by a smooth rotating belt. A simple height control arrangement for the stationary surface is also found to be facilitating the gap control between the two surfaces. Alternative direct and indirect techniques for measuring pressure and force were pointed out. Topology and dimensions of the proposed design were suggested as a basis for a physical setup realization., A great deal of research work is being carried out on hydrdynamic bearings to improve their frictional eficeincy. All the research work that has been carried out is on the hydrodynamic bearings, which is prone to various nolinearities. The thesis is a venture to genrate a simple experimental setup that may help to conduct the experimentation in simple and precise manner., C/O Gaurav Bhupati, Minervagen 20.¨, Karlskrona, -Sweden. Postal Code: 37141

A proposed experimental setup for study and demonstration of the pressure distribution and load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings was developed. Various conceptual designs for producing thin full film lubrication conditions and enabling gap geometry control and pressure and force measurements were produced and assessed. Relative motion for the interacting bearing surfaces was found promising to be achieved by a smooth rotating belt. A simple height control arrangement for the stationary surface is also found to be facilitating the gap control between the two surfaces. Alternative direct and indirect techniques for measuring pressure and force were pointed out. Topology and dimensions of the proposed design were suggested as a basis for a physical setup realization., A great deal of research work is being carried out on hydrdynamic bearings to improve their frictional eficeincy. All the research work that has been carried out is on the hydrodynamic bearings, which is prone to various nolinearities. The thesis is a venture to genrate a simple experimental setup that may help to conduct the experimentation in simple and precise manner., C/O Gaurav Bhupati, Minervagen 20.¨, Karlskrona, -Sweden. Postal Code: 37141

A proposed experimental setup for study and demonstration of the pressure distribution and load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings was developed. Various conceptual designs for producing thin full film lubrication conditions and enabling gap geometry control and pressure and force measurements were produced and assessed. Relative motion for the interacting bearing surfaces was found promising to be achieved by a smooth rotating belt. A simple height control arrangement for the stationary surface is also found to be facilitating the gap control between the two surfaces. Alternative direct and indirect techniques for measuring pressure and force were pointed out. Topology and dimensions of the proposed design were suggested as a basis for a physical setup realization., A great deal of research work is being carried out on hydrdynamic bearings to improve their frictional eficeincy. All the research work that has been carried out is on the hydrodynamic bearings, which is prone to various nolinearities. The thesis is a venture to genrate a simple experimental setup that may help to conduct the experimentation in simple and precise manner., C/O Gaurav Bhupati, Minervagen 20.¨, Karlskrona, -Sweden. Postal Code: 37141

A proposed experimental setup for study and demonstration of the pressure distribution and load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings was developed. Various conceptual designs for producing thin full film lubrication conditions and enabling gap geometry control and pressure and force measurements were produced and assessed. Relative motion for the interacting bearing surfaces was found promising to be achieved by a smooth rotating belt. A simple height control arrangement for the stationary surface is also found to be facilitating the gap control between the two surfaces. Alternative direct and indirect techniques for measuring pressure and force were pointed out. Topology and dimensions of the proposed design were suggested as a basis for a physical setup realization., A great deal of research work is being carried out on hydrdynamic bearings to improve their frictional eficeincy. All the research work that has been carried out is on the hydrodynamic bearings, which is prone to various nolinearities. The thesis is a venture to genrate a simple experimental setup that may help to conduct the experimentation in simple and precise manner., C/O Gaurav Bhupati, Minervagen 20.¨, Karlskrona, -Sweden. Postal Code: 37141

A proposed experimental setup for study and demonstration of the pressure distribution and load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings was developed. Various conceptual designs for producing thin full film lubrication conditions and enabling gap geometry control and pressure and force measurements were produced and assessed. Relative motion for the interacting bearing surfaces was found promising to be achieved by a smooth rotating belt. A simple height control arrangement for the stationary surface is also found to be facilitating the gap control between the two surfaces. Alternative direct and indirect techniques for measuring pressure and force were pointed out. Topology and dimensions of the proposed design were suggested as a basis for a physical setup realization., A great deal of research work is being carried out on hydrdynamic bearings to improve their frictional eficeincy. All the research work that has been carried out is on the hydrodynamic bearings, which is prone to various nolinearities. The thesis is a venture to genrate a simple experimental setup that may help to conduct the experimentation in simple and precise manner., C/O Gaurav Bhupati, Minervagen 20.¨, Karlskrona, -Sweden. Postal Code: 37141

A proposed experimental setup for study and demonstration of the pressure distribution and load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings was developed. Various conceptual designs for producing thin full film lubrication conditions and enabling gap geometry control and pressure and force measurements were produced and assessed. Relative motion for the interacting bearing surfaces was found promising to be achieved by a smooth rotating belt. A simple height control arrangement for the stationary surface is also found to be facilitating the gap control between the two surfaces. Alternative direct and indirect techniques for measuring pressure and force were pointed out. Topology and dimensions of the proposed design were suggested as a basis for a physical setup realization., A great deal of research work is being carried out on hydrdynamic bearings to improve their frictional eficeincy. All the research work that has been carried out is on the hydrodynamic bearings, which is prone to various nolinearities. The thesis is a venture to genrate a simple experimental setup that may help to conduct the experimentation in simple and precise manner., C/O Gaurav Bhupati, Minervagen 20.¨, Karlskrona, -Sweden. Postal Code: 37141