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1. A semi-extensive management system reduces plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and sperm production in male goats from subtropical latitudes

Author

l’Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (France), Tejada, L. M.[0000-0001-7053-9843], Flores, Manuel de Jesús [0000-0002-2862-1672], Hernández, H. [0000-0002-0569-8888], Keller, M. [0000-0002-5445-7431], Chemineau, P. [0000-0002-1584-7285], Santiago Moreno, Julián [0000-0001-5551-8120], Delgadillo, J. A. [0000-0001-8351-0660], García-Cruz, O. U., Tejada, L. M., Flores, Manuel de Jesús, Nava-Rivera, L. E., López-Magaña, N., Hernández, Horacio, Keller, M., Chemineau, P., Santiago Moreno, Julián, Delgadillo, J. A., l’Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (France), Tejada, L. M.[0000-0001-7053-9843], Flores, Manuel de Jesús [0000-0002-2862-1672], Hernández, H. [0000-0002-0569-8888], Keller, M. [0000-0002-5445-7431], Chemineau, P. [0000-0002-1584-7285], Santiago Moreno, Julián [0000-0001-5551-8120], Delgadillo, J. A. [0000-0001-8351-0660], García-Cruz, O. U., Tejada, L. M., Flores, Manuel de Jesús, Nava-Rivera, L. E., López-Magaña, N., Hernández, Horacio, Keller, M., Chemineau, P., Santiago Moreno, Julián, and Delgadillo, J. A.

Abstract

Context: In subtropical latitudes, most goats are managed in semi-extensive management systems, eating only available vegetation. Underfeeding is common during the dry season and may reduce the endocrine and sexual activities of male goats. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour and sperm production of male goats kept in a semi-extensive management system for 12 months, from March to February. Methods: Control males were placed indoors and were well nourished (n = 5). Experimental males were placed in a flock and grazed daily with females for 7 h, eating only natural vegetation (n = 5). Experimental males were fitted with an apron to prevent mating during the study. Plasma testosterone concentrations were determined every 2 weeks. Sexual behaviour and sperm production were determined in May and June (beginning of breeding season), August and October (middle of season), and November and December (end of season). Key results: Plasma testosterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males in June and from August to December. The percentage of males refusing to ejaculate was lower (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males throughout the study. Total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate was higher (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males in May, June, November and December. Sperm progressive motility was higher (P < 0.05) in control than experimental males in May and June and from October to December. Conclusions: The results indicate that male goats in a semi-extensive management system have lower plasma testosterone concentrations, sexual behaviour, and sperm quantitative and qualitative production than those in a confined management system. Implications: Nutritional supplementation may improve the endocrine and sexual activity of male goats in semi-extensive management systems.

Published
2022

4. The effect of polyphenols on DNA methylation-assessed biological age attenuation: the DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial

Author

Meir, A.Y., Keller, M., Hoffmann, A., Rinott, E., Tsaban, G., Kaplan, A., Zelicha, H., Hagemann, T., Ceglarek, U., Isermann, B., Shelef, I., Blüher, M., Stumvoll, M., Li, J., Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Engelmann, Beatrice, Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike, von Bergen, Martin, Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Kovacs, P., Liang, L., Shai, I., Meir, A.Y., Keller, M., Hoffmann, A., Rinott, E., Tsaban, G., Kaplan, A., Zelicha, H., Hagemann, T., Ceglarek, U., Isermann, B., Shelef, I., Blüher, M., Stumvoll, M., Li, J., Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Engelmann, Beatrice, Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike, von Bergen, Martin, Hu, F.B., Stampfer, M.J., Kovacs, P., Liang, L., and Shai, I.

Abstract

Background Epigenetic age is an estimator of biological age based on DNA methylation; its discrepancy from chronologic age warrants further investigation. We recently reported that greater polyphenol intake benefitted ectopic fats, brain function, and gut microbiota profile, corresponding with elevated urine polyphenols. The effect of polyphenol-rich dietary interventions on biological aging is yet to be determined. Methods We calculated different biological aging epigenetic clocks of different generations (Horvath2013, Hannum2013, Li2018, Horvath skin and blood2018, PhenoAge2018, PCGrimAge2022), their corresponding age and intrinsic age accelerations, and DunedinPACE, all based on DNA methylation (Illumina EPIC array; pre-specified secondary outcome) for 256 participants with abdominal obesity or dyslipidemia, before and after the 18-month DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial. Three interventions were assigned: healthy dietary guidelines, a Mediterranean (MED) diet, and a polyphenol-rich, low-red/processed meat Green-MED diet. Both MED groups consumed 28 g walnuts/day (+ 440 mg/day polyphenols). The Green-MED group consumed green tea (3–4 cups/day) and Mankai (Wolffia globosa strain) 500-ml green shake (+ 800 mg/day polyphenols). Adherence to the Green-MED diet was assessed by questionnaire and urine polyphenols metabolomics (high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight). Results Baseline chronological age (51.3 ± 10.6 years) was significantly correlated with all methylation age (mAge) clocks with correlations ranging from 0.83 to 0.95; p < 2.2e − 16 for all. While all interventions did not differ in terms of changes between mAge clocks, greater Green-Med diet adherence was associated with a lower 18-month relative change (i.e., greater mAge attenuation) in Li and Hannum mAge (beta = − 0.41, p = 0.004 and beta = − 0.38, p = 0.03, respectively; multivariate models). Greater Li mAge attenuation (multivariate models adjusted for age, se

Published
2023

5. A polyphenol-rich green Mediterranean diet enhances epigenetic regulatory potential: the DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial

Author

Hoffmann, A., Meir, A.Y., Hagemann, T., Czechowski, P., Müller, L., Engelmann, Beatrice, Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike, Tsaban, G., Zelicha, H., Rinott, E., Kaplan, A., Shelef, I., Stumvoll, M., Blüher, M., Liang, L., Ceglarek, U., Isermann, B., von Bergen, Martin, Kovacs, P., Keller, M., Shai, I., Hoffmann, A., Meir, A.Y., Hagemann, T., Czechowski, P., Müller, L., Engelmann, Beatrice, Haange, Sven Bastiaan, Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike, Tsaban, G., Zelicha, H., Rinott, E., Kaplan, A., Shelef, I., Stumvoll, M., Blüher, M., Liang, L., Ceglarek, U., Isermann, B., von Bergen, Martin, Kovacs, P., Keller, M., and Shai, I.

Abstract

Background The capacity of a polyphenol-enriched diet to modulate the epigenome in vivo is partly unknown. Given the beneficial metabolic effects of a Mediterranean (MED) diet enriched in polyphenols and reduced in red/processed meat (green-MED), as previously been proven by the 18-month DIRECT PLUS randomized controlled trial, we analyzed the effects of the green-MED diet on methylome and transcriptome levels to highlight molecular mechanisms underlying the observed metabolic improvements. Methods Our study included 260 participants (baseline BMI = 31.2 kg/m2, age = 5 years) of the DIRECT PLUS trial, initially randomized to one of the intervention arms: A. healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), B. MED (440 mg polyphenols additionally provided by walnuts), C. green-MED (1240 mg polyphenols additionally provided by walnuts, green tea, and Mankai: green duckweed shake). Blood methylome and transcriptome of all study subjects were analyzed at baseline and after completing the 18-month intervention using Illumina EPIC and RNA sequencing technologies. Results A total of 1573 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; false discovery rate (FDR) < 5 %) were found in the green-MED compared to the MED (177) and HDG (377) diet participants. This corresponded to 1753 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; FDR < 5 %) in the green-MED intervention compared to MED (7) and HDG (738). Consistently, the highest number (6 %) of epigenetic modulating genes was transcriptionally changed in subjects participating in the green-MED intervention. Weighted cluster network analysis relating transcriptional and phenotype changes among participants subjected to the green-MED intervention identified candidate genes associated with serum-folic acid change (all P < 1 × 10−3) and highlighted one module including the

Published
2023

6. Nitrogen and energy losses and methane emissions from beef cattle fed diets with gradual replacement of maize silage and concentrate with grass silage and corn-cob mix

Author

Keller, M, Scheuer, A, Reidy, B, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Amelchanka, Sergej L, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, Giller, Katrin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-4548, Keller, M, Scheuer, A, Reidy, B, Liesegang, Annette; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-8515, Amelchanka, Sergej L, Kreuzer, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-1171, and Giller, Katrin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-4548

Abstract

Diets based on large proportions of grasslands-based feed are uncommon in forage-based intensive beef production, thus contradicting governmental or commercial strategies to promote the use of grassland-based feed in ruminant production systems. Compared with typical maize silage/concentrate diets, grassland-based diets are associated with impaired nitrogen (N) and energy utilisation because of the comparably lower energy and higher CP content of these feeds. However, quantitative studies concerning the effects of increased dietary proportions of grassland-derived feeds on N and energy losses and utilisation and on methane emissions are missing and the compensation potential of using a limited proportion of an energy-rich forage is unknown. Therefore, we tested five diets with varying types and proportions of forage and concentrate. Three diets consisted of grass silage, maize silage, and concentrate in ratios of, g/kg DM, 100:600:300 (G100; control), 300:500:200 (G300), and 500:300:200 (G500), respectively. Two diets were composed of grass silage, corn-cob mix (CCM), and concentrate in ratios of, g/kg DM, 500:300:200 (G500CCM), and 750:150:100 (G750CCM), respectively. A high-protein concentrate (270 g CP/kg DM) was fed to G100, whereas a low-protein concentrate (140 g CP/kg DM) was used in the remaining diets. Diets were fed throughout the entire fattening period to groups of six Limousin-crossbred bulls each. When weighing 246 ± 18 kg, each animal underwent a 7-day total daily faeces and urine collection, which was followed by measuring methane emissions in respiration chambers for 48 h. Total DM intake was similar across all diets, whereas the N intake varied (P < 0.05). Urinary N loss (g/day) was the highest for G750CCM (28.2) and G100 (26.6) and lowest for G500CCM (15.2) and G300 (16.9) (P < 0.001). Energy utilisation was comparable among all groups. Metabolisable energy intake decreased numerically only with increasing proportions of grass silage in the diet.

Published
2023

7. Forest structure and solar-induced fluorescence across intact and degraded forests in the Amazon

Author

Rangel Pinagé, E, Rangel Pinagé, E, M. Bell, D, Longo, M, Gao, S, Keller, M, Silva, CA, Ometto, JP, Köhler, P, Frankenberg, C, Huete, A, Rangel Pinagé, E, Rangel Pinagé, E, M. Bell, D, Longo, M, Gao, S, Keller, M, Silva, CA, Ometto, JP, Köhler, P, Frankenberg, C, and Huete, A

Abstract

Tropical forest degradation (e.g., anthropogenic disturbances such as selective logging and fires) alters forest structure and function and influences the forest's carbon sink. In this study, we explored structure-function relationships across a variety of degradation levels in the southern Brazilian Amazon by 1) investigating how forest structural properties vary as a function of degradation history using airborne lidar data; 2) assessing the effects of degradation on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) seasonality using TROPOMI data; and 3) quantifying the contribution of structural variables to SIF using multiple regression models with stepwise selection of lidar metrics. Forest degradation history was obtained through Landsat time-series classification. We found that fire, logging, and time since disturbance were major determinants of forest structure, and that forests affected by fires experienced larger variability in leaf area index (LAI), canopy height and vertical structure relative to logged and intact forests. Moreover, only recently burned forests showed significantly depressed SIF during the dry season compared to intact forests. Canopy height and the vertical distribution of foliage were the best predictors of SIF. Unexpectedly, we found that wet-season SIF was higher in active regenerating forests (~ 4 years after fires or logging) compared with intact forests, despite lower LAI. Our findings help to elucidate the mechanisms of carbon accumulation in anthropogenically disturbed tropical forests and indicate that they can capture large amounts of carbon while recovering.

Published
2022

9. Immunogenicity and safety of routine vaccines in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases on immunosuppressive treatment - a systematic review

Author

Keller, M, Pittet, LF, Zimmermann, P, Keller, M, Pittet, LF, and Zimmermann, P

Abstract

UNLABELLED: The immunogenicity of vaccines in children with juvenile autoimmune rheumatic diseases (JARDs) can be reduced, there are additional safety concerns around vaccination, and there is a potential for worsening in disease activity. In this systematic review, we summarise studies that investigated the immunogenicity and safety of routine vaccines in children and adolescents with JARD on immunosuppressive treatment. We identified 37 studies investigating 2571 children and adolescents with JARD on immunosuppressive treatment and 4895 control children. Of the 56 geometric mean antibody titres measured, 19 (34%) were lower, six (11%) higher, and 31 (55%) similar; of the 39 seroprotection rates measured, 10 (26%) were lower, two (5%) higher, and 27 (69%) similar; and of the 27 seroconversion rates measured, nine (33%) were lower, two (8%) higher, and 16 (59%) similar in children with JARD on immunosuppressive treatment compared with control children. However, many of the studies were underpowered, and not designed to show non-inferiority between children with JARD and controls. Subgroup analysis for different types of immunosuppressive treatments was not feasible, as most studies did not report results by treatment. Severe adverse events were reported in 38 children (33 with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, four with systemic lupus erythematosus, and one in a healthy child); most of them were likely not related to the vaccination (e.g. elective hospitalisation or surgery). A worsening in disease activity was reported in 44 (2%) children with JARD; again, many of them were likely not related to the vaccination. There were no safety concerns with live attenuated vaccines; however, only few studies reported results for this. CONCLUSION: Vaccination in children with JARD on immunosuppressive treatment is safe and should be promoted, especially since these children are at increased risk for infection. The importance for the completion of vaccination schedules should be s

Published
2022

11. Forest structure and solar-induced fluorescence across intact and degraded forests in the Amazon

Author

Rangel Pinagé, E, M. Bell, D, Longo, M, Gao, S, Keller, M, Silva, CA, Ometto, JP, Köhler, P, Frankenberg, C, Huete, A, Rangel Pinagé, E, M. Bell, D, Longo, M, Gao, S, Keller, M, Silva, CA, Ometto, JP, Köhler, P, Frankenberg, C, and Huete, A

Abstract

Tropical forest degradation (e.g., anthropogenic disturbances such as selective logging and fires) alters forest structure and function and influences the forest's carbon sink. In this study, we explored structure-function relationships across a variety of degradation levels in the southern Brazilian Amazon by 1) investigating how forest structural properties vary as a function of degradation history using airborne lidar data; 2) assessing the effects of degradation on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) seasonality using TROPOMI data; and 3) quantifying the contribution of structural variables to SIF using multiple regression models with stepwise selection of lidar metrics. Forest degradation history was obtained through Landsat time-series classification. We found that fire, logging, and time since disturbance were major determinants of forest structure, and that forests affected by fires experienced larger variability in leaf area index (LAI), canopy height and vertical structure relative to logged and intact forests. Moreover, only recently burned forests showed significantly depressed SIF during the dry season compared to intact forests. Canopy height and the vertical distribution of foliage were the best predictors of SIF. Unexpectedly, we found that wet-season SIF was higher in active regenerating forests (~ 4 years after fires or logging) compared with intact forests, despite lower LAI. Our findings help to elucidate the mechanisms of carbon accumulation in anthropogenically disturbed tropical forests and indicate that they can capture large amounts of carbon while recovering.

Published
2022

12. Greenhouse gas emissions from global cities under SSP/RCP scenarios, 1990 to 2100

Author

Gurney, K.R., Kılkış, Ş., Seto, K.C., Lwasa, S., Moran, D., Riahi, K., Keller, M., Rayner, P., Luqman, M., Gurney, K.R., Kılkış, Ş., Seto, K.C., Lwasa, S., Moran, D., Riahi, K., Keller, M., Rayner, P., and Luqman, M.

Abstract

Projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are critical to enable a better understanding and anticipation of future climate change under different socio-economic conditions and mitigation strategies. The climate projections and scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) framework, have provided a rich understanding of the constraints and opportunities for policy action. However, the current emissions scenarios lack an explicit treatment of urban emissions within the global context. Given the pace and scale of urbanization, with global urban populations expected to increase from about 4.4 billion today to about 7 billion by 2050, there is an urgent need to fill this knowledge gap. Here, we estimate the share of global GHG emissions driven by urban areas from 1990 to 2100 based on the SSP-RCP framework. The urban consumption-based GHG emissions are presented in five regional aggregates and based on a combination of the urban population share, 2015 urban per capita CO2eq carbon footprint, SSP-based national CO2eq emissions, and recent analysis of urban per capita CO2eq trends. We find that urban areas account for the majority of global GHG emissions in 2015 (61.8%). Moreover, the urban share of global GHG emissions progressively increases into the future, exceeding 80% in some scenarios by the end of the century. The combined urban areas in Asia and Developing Pacific, and Developed Countries account for 65.0% to 73.3% of cumulative urban consumption-based emissions between 2020 and 2100 across the scenarios. Given these dominant roles, we describe the implications for potential urban mitigation in each of the scenario narratives in order to meet the goal of climate neutrality within this century.

Published
2022

13. Greenhouse gas emissions from global cities under SSP/RCP scenarios, 1990 to 2100

Author

Gurney, K.R., Kılkış, Ş., Seto, K.C., Lwasa, S., Moran, D., Riahi, K., Keller, M., Rayner, P., Luqman, M., Gurney, K.R., Kılkış, Ş., Seto, K.C., Lwasa, S., Moran, D., Riahi, K., Keller, M., Rayner, P., and Luqman, M.

Abstract

Projections of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are critical to enable a better understanding and anticipation of future climate change under different socio-economic conditions and mitigation strategies. The climate projections and scenarios assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) framework, have provided a rich understanding of the constraints and opportunities for policy action. However, the current emissions scenarios lack an explicit treatment of urban emissions within the global context. Given the pace and scale of urbanization, with global urban populations expected to increase from about 4.4 billion today to about 7 billion by 2050, there is an urgent need to fill this knowledge gap. Here, we estimate the share of global GHG emissions driven by urban areas from 1990 to 2100 based on the SSP-RCP framework. The urban consumption-based GHG emissions are presented in five regional aggregates and based on a combination of the urban population share, 2015 urban per capita CO2eq carbon footprint, SSP-based national CO2eq emissions, and recent analysis of urban per capita CO2eq trends. We find that urban areas account for the majority of global GHG emissions in 2015 (61.8%). Moreover, the urban share of global GHG emissions progressively increases into the future, exceeding 80% in some scenarios by the end of the century. The combined urban areas in Asia and Developing Pacific, and Developed Countries account for 65.0% to 73.3% of cumulative urban consumption-based emissions between 2020 and 2100 across the scenarios. Given these dominant roles, we describe the implications for potential urban mitigation in each of the scenario narratives in order to meet the goal of climate neutrality within this century.

Published
2022

14. Исследование возможностей Web-платформ, используемых для оценки знаний в системе дистанционного обучения

Author

Келлер, М. Г., Мирошниченко, Я. А., Игнатьева, Д. А., Keller, M. G., Miroshnichenko, Y. A., Ignatyeva, D. A., Келлер, М. Г., Мирошниченко, Я. А., Игнатьева, Д. А., Keller, M. G., Miroshnichenko, Y. A., and Ignatyeva, D. A.

Abstract

This article discusses some Web-platforms that allow establishing tests for students’ knowledge assessment in distance learning. The analysis of Web-platforms was conducted according to the criteria that seemed to be the most important for the educational activity of the teacher. A brief description of each Web platform is also presented., Рассмотрены Web-платформы, позволяющие разрабатывать системы тестирования для контроля знаний обучающихся в режиме дистанционного обучения. Проведен анализ Web-платформ по критериям, наиболее важными для образовательной деятельности преподавателя, представлена их краткая характеристика.

Published
2021

15. Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Author

Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

Published
2021

16. QSNET, a network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants

Author

Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The QSNET consortium is building a UK network of next-generation atomic and molecular clocks that will achieve unprecedented sensitivity in testing variations of the fine structure constant, $\alpha$, and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, $\mu$. This in turn will provide more stringent constraints on a wide range of fundamental and phenomenological theories beyond the Standard Model and on dark matter models.

Published
2021
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17. Human mobility at Tell Atchana (Alalakh), Hatay, Turkey during the 2nd millennium BC: integration of isotopic and genomic evidence

Author

Ingman, Tara, Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Akar, M.; Ilgner, J.; Gnecchi Ruscone, G. A.; le Roux, P.; Shafiq, R.; Neumann, G. U.; Keller, M.; Freund, C.; Marzo, S.; Lucas, M.; Krause, J.; Roberts, P.; Yener, K. A.; Stockhammer, P. W., Ingman, Tara, and Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Akar, M.; Ilgner, J.; Gnecchi Ruscone, G. A.; le Roux, P.; Shafiq, R.; Neumann, G. U.; Keller, M.; Freund, C.; Marzo, S.; Lucas, M.; Krause, J.; Roberts, P.; Yener, K. A.; Stockhammer, P. W.

Abstract

The Middle and Late Bronze Age, a period roughly spanning the 2(nd) millennium BC (ca. 2000-1200 BC) in the Near East, is frequently referred to as the first 'international age', characterized by intense and far-reaching contacts between different entities from the eastern Mediterranean to the Near East and beyond. In a large-scale tandem study of stable isotopes and ancient DNA of individuals excavated at Tell Atchana (Alalakh, located in Hatay, Turkey), we explored the role of mobility at the capital of a regional kingdom, named Mukish during the Late Bronze Age, which spanned the Amuq Valley and some areas beyond. We generated strontium and oxygen isotope data from dental enamel for 53 individuals and 77 individuals, respectively, and added ancient DNA data of 10 newly sequenced individuals to a dataset of 27 individuals published in 2020. Additionally, we improved the DNA coverage of one individual from this 2020 dataset. The DNA data revealed a very homogeneous gene pool. This picture of an overwhelmingly local ancestry was consistent with the evidence of local upbringing in most of the individuals indicated by the isotopic data, where only five were found to be non-local. High levels of contact, trade, and exchange of ideas and goods in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, therefore, seem not to have translated into high levels of individual mobility detectable at Tell Atchana.

Published
2021

18. Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Author

Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

Published
2021
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19. QSNET, a network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants

Author

Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The QSNET consortium is building a UK network of next-generation atomic and molecular clocks that will achieve unprecedented sensitivity in testing variations of the fine structure constant, $\alpha$, and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, $\mu$. This in turn will provide more stringent constraints on a wide range of fundamental and phenomenological theories beyond the Standard Model and on dark matter models.

Published
2021
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20. The Origins and Spread of Domestic Horses from the Western Eurasian Steppes

Author

Librado, P., Khan, N., Fages, A., Kusliy, M. A., Suchan, T., Tonasso-Calvière, L., Schiavinato, S., Alioglu, D., Fromentier, A., Perdereau, A., Aury, J. -M., Gaunitz, C., Chauvey, L., Seguin-Orlando, A., Der Sarkissian, C., Southon, J., Shapiro, B., Tishkin, A. A., Kovalev, A. A., Alquraishi, S., Alfarhan, A. H., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Seregély, T., Klassen, L., Iversen, R., Bignon-Lau, O., Bodu, P., Olive, M., Castel, J. -C., Boudadi-Maligne, M., Alvarez, N., Germonpré, M., Moskal-del Hoyo, M., Wilczyński, J., Pospuła, S., Lasota-Kuś, A., Tunia, K., Nowak, M., Rannamäe, E., Saarma, U., Boeskorov, G., Lōugas, L., Kyselý, R., Peške, L., Bălășescu, A., Dumitrașcu, V., Dobrescu, R., Gerber, D., Kiss, V., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mende, B. G., Gallina, Z., Somogyi, K., Kulcsár, G., Gál, E., Bendrey, R., Allentoft, M. E., Sirbu, G., Dergachev, V., Shephard, H., Tomadini, N., Grouard, S., Kasparov, A., Basilyan, A. E., Anisimov, M. A., Nikolskiy, P. A., Pavlova, E. Y., Pitulko, V., Brem, G., Wallner, B., Schwall, C., Keller, M., Kitagawa, K., Bessudnov, A. N., Bessudnov, A., Taylor, W., Magail, J., Gantulga, J. -O., Bayarsaikhan, J., Erdenebaatar, D., Tabaldiev, K., Mijiddorj, E., Boldgiv, B., Tsagaan, T., Pruvost, M., Olsen, S., Makarewicz, C. A., Valenzuela Lamas, S., Albizuri Canadell, S., Nieto Espinet, A., Iborra, M. P., Lira Garrido, J., Rodríguez González, E., Celestino, S., Olària, C., Arsuaga, J. L., Kotova, N., Pryor, A., Crabtree, P., Zhumatayev, R., Toleubaev, A., Morgunova, N. L., Kuznetsova, T., Lordkipanize, D., Marzullo, M., Prato, O., Bagnasco Gianni, G., Tecchiati, U., Clavel, B., Lepetz, S., Davoudi, H., Mashkour, M., Berezina, N. Y., Stockhammer, P. W., Krause, J., Haak, W., Morales-Muñiz, A., Benecke, N., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A., Graphodatsky, A. S., Peters, J., Kiryushin, K. Y., Iderkhangai, T. -O., Bokovenko, N. A., Vasiliev, S. K., Seregin, N. N., Chugunov, K. V., Plasteeva, N. A., Baryshnikov, G. F., Petrova, E., Sablin, M., Ananyevskaya, E., Logvin, A., Shevnina, I., Logvin, V., Kalieva, S., Loman, V., Kukushkin, I., Merz, I., Merz, V., Sakenov, S., Varfolomeyev, V., Usmanova, E., Zaibert, V., Arbuckle, B., Belinskiy, A. B., Kalmykov, A., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Yudin, A. I., Vybornov, A. A., Epimakhov, A., Berezina, N. S., Roslyakova, N., Kosintsev, P. A., Kuznetsov, P. F., Anthony, D., Kroonen, G. J., Kristiansen, K., Wincker, P., Outram, A., Orlando, L., Librado, P., Khan, N., Fages, A., Kusliy, M. A., Suchan, T., Tonasso-Calvière, L., Schiavinato, S., Alioglu, D., Fromentier, A., Perdereau, A., Aury, J. -M., Gaunitz, C., Chauvey, L., Seguin-Orlando, A., Der Sarkissian, C., Southon, J., Shapiro, B., Tishkin, A. A., Kovalev, A. A., Alquraishi, S., Alfarhan, A. H., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Seregély, T., Klassen, L., Iversen, R., Bignon-Lau, O., Bodu, P., Olive, M., Castel, J. -C., Boudadi-Maligne, M., Alvarez, N., Germonpré, M., Moskal-del Hoyo, M., Wilczyński, J., Pospuła, S., Lasota-Kuś, A., Tunia, K., Nowak, M., Rannamäe, E., Saarma, U., Boeskorov, G., Lōugas, L., Kyselý, R., Peške, L., Bălășescu, A., Dumitrașcu, V., Dobrescu, R., Gerber, D., Kiss, V., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Mende, B. G., Gallina, Z., Somogyi, K., Kulcsár, G., Gál, E., Bendrey, R., Allentoft, M. E., Sirbu, G., Dergachev, V., Shephard, H., Tomadini, N., Grouard, S., Kasparov, A., Basilyan, A. E., Anisimov, M. A., Nikolskiy, P. A., Pavlova, E. Y., Pitulko, V., Brem, G., Wallner, B., Schwall, C., Keller, M., Kitagawa, K., Bessudnov, A. N., Bessudnov, A., Taylor, W., Magail, J., Gantulga, J. -O., Bayarsaikhan, J., Erdenebaatar, D., Tabaldiev, K., Mijiddorj, E., Boldgiv, B., Tsagaan, T., Pruvost, M., Olsen, S., Makarewicz, C. A., Valenzuela Lamas, S., Albizuri Canadell, S., Nieto Espinet, A., Iborra, M. P., Lira Garrido, J., Rodríguez González, E., Celestino, S., Olària, C., Arsuaga, J. L., Kotova, N., Pryor, A., Crabtree, P., Zhumatayev, R., Toleubaev, A., Morgunova, N. L., Kuznetsova, T., Lordkipanize, D., Marzullo, M., Prato, O., Bagnasco Gianni, G., Tecchiati, U., Clavel, B., Lepetz, S., Davoudi, H., Mashkour, M., Berezina, N. Y., Stockhammer, P. W., Krause, J., Haak, W., Morales-Muñiz, A., Benecke, N., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A., Graphodatsky, A. S., Peters, J., Kiryushin, K. Y., Iderkhangai, T. -O., Bokovenko, N. A., Vasiliev, S. K., Seregin, N. N., Chugunov, K. V., Plasteeva, N. A., Baryshnikov, G. F., Petrova, E., Sablin, M., Ananyevskaya, E., Logvin, A., Shevnina, I., Logvin, V., Kalieva, S., Loman, V., Kukushkin, I., Merz, I., Merz, V., Sakenov, S., Varfolomeyev, V., Usmanova, E., Zaibert, V., Arbuckle, B., Belinskiy, A. B., Kalmykov, A., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Yudin, A. I., Vybornov, A. A., Epimakhov, A., Berezina, N. S., Roslyakova, N., Kosintsev, P. A., Kuznetsov, P. F., Anthony, D., Kroonen, G. J., Kristiansen, K., Wincker, P., Outram, A., and Orlando, L.

Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages10. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture11,12. © 2021, The Author(s).

Published
2021

21. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Kocher, A, Papac, L, Barquera, R, Key, FM, Spyrou, MA, Hubler, R, Rohrlach, AB, Aron, F, Stahl, R, Wissgott, A, van Bommel, F, Pfefferkorn, M, Mittnik, A, Villalba-Mouco, V, Neumann, GU, Rivollat, M, van de Loosdrecht, MS, Majander, K, Tukhbatova, R, Musralina, L, Ghalichi, A, Penske, S, Sabin, S, Michel, M, Gretzinger, J, Nelson, EA, Ferraz, T, Nagele, K, Parker, C, Keller, M, Guevara, EK, Feldman, M, Eisenmann, S, Skourtanioti, E, Giffin, K, Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA, Friederich, S, Schimmenti, V, Khartanovich, V, Karapetian, MK, Chaplygin, MS, Kufterin, VV, Khokhlov, AA, Chizhevsky, AA, Stashenkov, DA, Kochkina, AF, Tejedor-Rodriguez, C, Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, I, Arcusa-Magallon, H, Garrido-Pena, R, Ignacio Royo-Guillen, J, Novacek, J, Rottier, S, Kacki, S, Saintot, S, Kaverzneva, E, Belinskiy, AB, Veleminsky, P, Limbursky, P, Kostka, M, Loe, L, Popescu, E, Clarke, R, Lyons, A, Mortimer, R, Sajantila, A, Chinique de Armas, Y, Hernandez Godoy, ST, Hernandez-Zaragoza, D, Pearson, J, Binder, D, Lefranc, P, Kantorovich, AR, Maslov, VE, Lai, L, Zoledziewska, M, Beckett, JF, Langova, M, Ingman, T, Garcia Atienzar, G, de Miguel Ibanez, MP, Romero, A, Sperduti, A, Beckett, S, Salter, SJ, Zilivinskaya, ED, Vasil, DV, von Heyking, K, Burger, RL, Salazar, LC, Amkreutz, L, Navruzbekov, M, Rosenstock, E, Alonso-Fernandez, C, Slavchev, V, Kalmykov, AA, Atabiev, BC, Batieva, E, Alvarez Calmet, M, Llamas, B, Schultz, M, Krauss, R, Jimenez-Echevarria, J, Francken, M, Shnaider, S, de Knijff, P, Altena, E, Van de Vijver, K, Fehren-Schmitz, L, Tung, TA, Losch, S, Dobrovolskaya, M, Makarov, N, Read, C, Van Twest, M, Sagona, C, Ramsl, PC, Akar, M, Yener, KA, Carmona Ballestero, E, Cucca, F, Mazzarello, V, Utrilla, P, Rademaker, K, Fernandez-Dominguez, E, Baird, D, Semal, P, Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M, Steiner, H, Carlos Salazar-Garcia, D, Shishlina, N, Erdal, YS, Hallgren, F, Boyadzhiev, Y, Boyadzhiev, K, Kuessner, M, Sayer, D, Onkamo, P, Skeates, R, Rojo-Guerra, M, Buzhilova, A, Khussainova, E, Djansugurova, LB, Beisenov, AZ, Samashev, Z, Massy, K, Mannino, M, Moiseyev, V, Mannermaa, K, Balanovsky, O, Deguilloux, M-F, Reinhold, S, Hansen, S, Kitov, EP, Dobes, M, Ernee, M, Meller, H, Alt, KW, Prufer, K, Warinner, C, Schiffels, S, Stockhammer, PW, Bos, K, Posth, C, Herbig, A, Haak, W, Krause, J, Kuehnert, D, Kocher, A, Papac, L, Barquera, R, Key, FM, Spyrou, MA, Hubler, R, Rohrlach, AB, Aron, F, Stahl, R, Wissgott, A, van Bommel, F, Pfefferkorn, M, Mittnik, A, Villalba-Mouco, V, Neumann, GU, Rivollat, M, van de Loosdrecht, MS, Majander, K, Tukhbatova, R, Musralina, L, Ghalichi, A, Penske, S, Sabin, S, Michel, M, Gretzinger, J, Nelson, EA, Ferraz, T, Nagele, K, Parker, C, Keller, M, Guevara, EK, Feldman, M, Eisenmann, S, Skourtanioti, E, Giffin, K, Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA, Friederich, S, Schimmenti, V, Khartanovich, V, Karapetian, MK, Chaplygin, MS, Kufterin, VV, Khokhlov, AA, Chizhevsky, AA, Stashenkov, DA, Kochkina, AF, Tejedor-Rodriguez, C, Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, I, Arcusa-Magallon, H, Garrido-Pena, R, Ignacio Royo-Guillen, J, Novacek, J, Rottier, S, Kacki, S, Saintot, S, Kaverzneva, E, Belinskiy, AB, Veleminsky, P, Limbursky, P, Kostka, M, Loe, L, Popescu, E, Clarke, R, Lyons, A, Mortimer, R, Sajantila, A, Chinique de Armas, Y, Hernandez Godoy, ST, Hernandez-Zaragoza, D, Pearson, J, Binder, D, Lefranc, P, Kantorovich, AR, Maslov, VE, Lai, L, Zoledziewska, M, Beckett, JF, Langova, M, Ingman, T, Garcia Atienzar, G, de Miguel Ibanez, MP, Romero, A, Sperduti, A, Beckett, S, Salter, SJ, Zilivinskaya, ED, Vasil, DV, von Heyking, K, Burger, RL, Salazar, LC, Amkreutz, L, Navruzbekov, M, Rosenstock, E, Alonso-Fernandez, C, Slavchev, V, Kalmykov, AA, Atabiev, BC, Batieva, E, Alvarez Calmet, M, Llamas, B, Schultz, M, Krauss, R, Jimenez-Echevarria, J, Francken, M, Shnaider, S, de Knijff, P, Altena, E, Van de Vijver, K, Fehren-Schmitz, L, Tung, TA, Losch, S, Dobrovolskaya, M, Makarov, N, Read, C, Van Twest, M, Sagona, C, Ramsl, PC, Akar, M, Yener, KA, Carmona Ballestero, E, Cucca, F, Mazzarello, V, Utrilla, P, Rademaker, K, Fernandez-Dominguez, E, Baird, D, Semal, P, Marquez-Morfin, L, Roksandic, M, Steiner, H, Carlos Salazar-Garcia, D, Shishlina, N, Erdal, YS, Hallgren, F, Boyadzhiev, Y, Boyadzhiev, K, Kuessner, M, Sayer, D, Onkamo, P, Skeates, R, Rojo-Guerra, M, Buzhilova, A, Khussainova, E, Djansugurova, LB, Beisenov, AZ, Samashev, Z, Massy, K, Mannino, M, Moiseyev, V, Mannermaa, K, Balanovsky, O, Deguilloux, M-F, Reinhold, S, Hansen, S, Kitov, EP, Dobes, M, Ernee, M, Meller, H, Alt, KW, Prufer, K, Warinner, C, Schiffels, S, Stockhammer, PW, Bos, K, Posth, C, Herbig, A, Haak, W, Krause, J, and Kuehnert, D

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.

Published
2021

22. Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp3 )-H Bonds Suitable for Late-Stage Functionalization.

Author

Fawcett, Alexander, Fawcett, Alexander, Keller, M Josephine, Herrera, Zachary, Hartwig, John F, Fawcett, Alexander, Fawcett, Alexander, Keller, M Josephine, Herrera, Zachary, and Hartwig, John F

Abstract

C(sp3 )-Cl bonds are present in numerous biologically active small molecules, and an ideal route for their preparation is by the chlorination of a C(sp3 )-H bond. However, most current methods for the chlorination of C(sp3 )-H bonds are insufficiently site selective and tolerant of functional groups to be applicable to the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. We report a method for the highly selective chlorination of tertiary and benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds to produce the corresponding chlorides, generally in high yields. The reaction occurs with a mixture of an azidoiodinane, which generates a selective H-atom abstractor under mild conditions, and a readily-accessible and inexpensive copper(II) chloride complex, which efficiently transfers a chlorine atom. The reaction's exceptional functional group tolerance is demonstrated by the chlorination of >30 diversely functionalized substrates and the late-stage chlorination of a dozen derivatives of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Published
2021

23. Multiomics reveal unique signatures of human epiploic adipose tissue related to systemic insulin resistance

Author

Krieg, Laura, Didt, K., Karkossa, Isabel, Bernhart, S.H., Kehr, S., Subramanian, N., Lindhorst, A., Schaudinn, A., Tabei, S., Keller, M., Stumvoll, M., Dietrich, A., von Bergen, Martin, Stadler, P.F., Laurencikiene, J., Krüger, M., Blüher, M., Gericke, M., Schubert, Kristin, Kovacs, P., Chakaroun, R., Massier, L., Krieg, Laura, Didt, K., Karkossa, Isabel, Bernhart, S.H., Kehr, S., Subramanian, N., Lindhorst, A., Schaudinn, A., Tabei, S., Keller, M., Stumvoll, M., Dietrich, A., von Bergen, Martin, Stadler, P.F., Laurencikiene, J., Krüger, M., Blüher, M., Gericke, M., Schubert, Kristin, Kovacs, P., Chakaroun, R., and Massier, L.

Abstract

Objective Human white adipose tissue (AT) is a metabolically active organ with distinct depot-specific functions. Despite their locations close to the gastrointestinal tract, mesenteric AT and epiploic AT (epiAT) have only scarcely been investigated. Here, we aim to characterise these ATs in-depth and estimate their contribution to alterations in whole-body metabolism.Design Mesenteric, epiploic, omental and abdominal subcutaneous ATs were collected from 70 patients with obesity undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The metabolically well-characterised cohort included nine subjects with insulin sensitive (IS) obesity, whose AT samples were analysed in a multiomics approach, including methylome, transcriptome and proteome along with samples from subjects with insulin resistance (IR) matched for age, sex and body mass index (n=9). Findings implying differences between AT depots in these subgroups were validated in the entire cohort (n=70) by quantitative real-time PCR.Results While mesenteric AT exhibited signatures similar to those found in the omental depot, epiAT was distinct from all other studied fat depots. Multiomics allowed clear discrimination between the IS and IR states in all tissues. The highest discriminatory power between IS and IR was seen in epiAT, where profound differences in the regulation of developmental, metabolic and inflammatory pathways were observed. Gene expression levels of key molecules involved in AT function, metabolic homeostasis and inflammation revealed significant depot-specific differences with epiAT showing the highest expression levels.Conclusion Multi-omics epiAT signatures reflect systemic IR and obesity subphenotypes distinct from other fat depots. Our data suggest a previously unrecognised role of human epiploic fat in the context of obesity, impaired insulin sensitivity and related diseases.

Published
2021

24. Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Author

Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

Published
2021
Full Text
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25. QSNET, a network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants

Author

Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The QSNET consortium is building a UK network of next-generation atomic and molecular clocks that will achieve unprecedented sensitivity in testing variations of the fine structure constant, $\alpha$, and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, $\mu$. This in turn will provide more stringent constraints on a wide range of fundamental and phenomenological theories beyond the Standard Model and on dark matter models.

Published
2021
Full Text
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26. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author

Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A.; Papac, L.; Barquera, R.; Key, FM.; Spyrou, MA.; Hubler, R.; Rohrlach, AB.; Aron, F.; Stahl, R.; Wissgott, A.; van Bommel, F.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Mittnik, A.; Villalba-Mouco, V.; Neumann, GU.; Rivollat, M.; van de Loosdrecht, MS.; Majander, K.; Tukhbatova, RI.; Musralina, L.; Ghalichi, A.; Penske, S.; Sabin, S.; Michel, M.; Gretzinger, J.; Nelson, EA.; Ferraz, T.; Nagele, K.; Parker, C.; Keller, M.; Guevara, EK.; Feldman, M.; Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Giffin, K.; Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA.; Friederich, S.; Schimmenti, V.; Khartanovich, V.; Karapetian, MK.; Chaplygin, MS.; Kufterin, VV.; Khokhlov, AA.; Chizhevsky, AA.; Stashenkov, DA.; Kochkina, AF.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, C.; de Lagran, IGM.; Arcusa-Magallon, H.; Garrido-Pena, R.; Royo-Guillen, JI.; Novacek, J.; Rottier, S.; Kacki, S.; Saintot, S.; Kaverzneva, E.; Belinskiy, AB.; Veleminsky, P.; Limbursky, P.; Kostka, M.; Loe, L.; Popescu, E.; Clarke, R.; Lyons, A.; Mortimer, R.; Sajantila, A.; de Armas, YC.; Godoy, STH.; Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI.; Pearson, J.; Binder, D.; Lefranc, P.; Kantorovich, AR.; Maslov, VE.; Lai, L.; Zoledziewska, M.; Beckett, JF.; Langova, M.; Atienzar, GG.; Ibanez, MPD; Romero, A.; Sperduti, A.; Beckett, S.; Salter, SJ.; Zilivinskaya, ED.; Vasil, DV.; von Heyking, K.; Burger, RL.; Salazar, LC.; Amkreutz, L.; Navruzbekov, M.; Rosenstock, E.; Alonso-Fernandez, C.; Slavchev, V.; Kalmykov, AA.; Atabiev, BC.; Batieva, E; Calmet, MA.; Llamas, B.; Schultz, M.; Krauss, R.; Jimenez-Echevarria, J.; Francken, M.; Shnaider, S.; de Knijff, P.; Altena, E.; Van de Vijver, K.; Fehren-Schmitz, L.; Tung, TA.; Losch, S.; Dobrovolskaya, M.; Makarov, N.; Read, C.; Van Twest, M.; Sagona, C.; Ramsl, PC.; Akar, M.; Yener, KA.; Ballestero, EC.; Cucca, F.; Mazzarello, V.; Utrilla, P.; Rademaker, K.; Fernandez-Dominguez, E.; Baird, D.; Semal, P.; Marquez-Morfin, L; Roksandic, M.; Steiner, H.; Salazar-Garcia, DC.; Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS.; Hallgren, F.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Kussner, M.; Sayer, D.; Onka, Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED), Ingman, Tara, Kocher, A.; Papac, L.; Barquera, R.; Key, FM.; Spyrou, MA.; Hubler, R.; Rohrlach, AB.; Aron, F.; Stahl, R.; Wissgott, A.; van Bommel, F.; Pfefferkorn, M.; Mittnik, A.; Villalba-Mouco, V.; Neumann, GU.; Rivollat, M.; van de Loosdrecht, MS.; Majander, K.; Tukhbatova, RI.; Musralina, L.; Ghalichi, A.; Penske, S.; Sabin, S.; Michel, M.; Gretzinger, J.; Nelson, EA.; Ferraz, T.; Nagele, K.; Parker, C.; Keller, M.; Guevara, EK.; Feldman, M.; Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Giffin, K.; Gnecchi-Ruscone, GA.; Friederich, S.; Schimmenti, V.; Khartanovich, V.; Karapetian, MK.; Chaplygin, MS.; Kufterin, VV.; Khokhlov, AA.; Chizhevsky, AA.; Stashenkov, DA.; Kochkina, AF.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, C.; de Lagran, IGM.; Arcusa-Magallon, H.; Garrido-Pena, R.; Royo-Guillen, JI.; Novacek, J.; Rottier, S.; Kacki, S.; Saintot, S.; Kaverzneva, E.; Belinskiy, AB.; Veleminsky, P.; Limbursky, P.; Kostka, M.; Loe, L.; Popescu, E.; Clarke, R.; Lyons, A.; Mortimer, R.; Sajantila, A.; de Armas, YC.; Godoy, STH.; Hernandez-Zaragoza, DI.; Pearson, J.; Binder, D.; Lefranc, P.; Kantorovich, AR.; Maslov, VE.; Lai, L.; Zoledziewska, M.; Beckett, JF.; Langova, M.; Atienzar, GG.; Ibanez, MPD; Romero, A.; Sperduti, A.; Beckett, S.; Salter, SJ.; Zilivinskaya, ED.; Vasil, DV.; von Heyking, K.; Burger, RL.; Salazar, LC.; Amkreutz, L.; Navruzbekov, M.; Rosenstock, E.; Alonso-Fernandez, C.; Slavchev, V.; Kalmykov, AA.; Atabiev, BC.; Batieva, E; Calmet, MA.; Llamas, B.; Schultz, M.; Krauss, R.; Jimenez-Echevarria, J.; Francken, M.; Shnaider, S.; de Knijff, P.; Altena, E.; Van de Vijver, K.; Fehren-Schmitz, L.; Tung, TA.; Losch, S.; Dobrovolskaya, M.; Makarov, N.; Read, C.; Van Twest, M.; Sagona, C.; Ramsl, PC.; Akar, M.; Yener, KA.; Ballestero, EC.; Cucca, F.; Mazzarello, V.; Utrilla, P.; Rademaker, K.; Fernandez-Dominguez, E.; Baird, D.; Semal, P.; Marquez-Morfin, L; Roksandic, M.; Steiner, H.; Salazar-Garcia, DC.; Shishlina, N. Erdal, YS.; Hallgren, F.; Boyadzhiev, Y.; Boyadzhiev, K.; Kussner, M.; Sayer, D.; Onka, and Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic., European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; European Research Council (ERC); Research and Innovation Program; PALEoRIDER; CoDisEASe; ARCHCAUCASUS; Seventh Framework Programme; Marie Curie Actions; Programme SASPRO; ERA.NET RUS Plus-S&T Programme; Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; German Research Foundation; French National Research Agency; Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant; Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Max Planck Society; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Werner Siemens Stiftung; Paleobiochemistry; Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Published
2021

27. Human mobility at Tell Atchana (Alalakh), Hatay, Turkey during the 2nd millennium BC: integration of isotopic and genomic evidence

Author

Ingman, Tara, Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Akar, M.; Ilgner, J.; Gnecchi Ruscone, G. A.; le Roux, P.; Shafiq, R.; Neumann, G. U.; Keller, M.; Freund, C.; Marzo, S.; Lucas, M.; Krause, J.; Roberts, P.; Yener, K. A.; Stockhammer, P. W., Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED), Ingman, Tara, Eisenmann, S.; Skourtanioti, E.; Akar, M.; Ilgner, J.; Gnecchi Ruscone, G. A.; le Roux, P.; Shafiq, R.; Neumann, G. U.; Keller, M.; Freund, C.; Marzo, S.; Lucas, M.; Krause, J.; Roberts, P.; Yener, K. A.; Stockhammer, P. W., and Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED) / Koç Üniversitesi Anadolu Medeniyetleri Araştırma Merkezi (ANAMED)

Abstract

The Middle and Late Bronze Age, a period roughly spanning the 2(nd) millennium BC (ca. 2000-1200 BC) in the Near East, is frequently referred to as the first 'international age', characterized by intense and far-reaching contacts between different entities from the eastern Mediterranean to the Near East and beyond. In a large-scale tandem study of stable isotopes and ancient DNA of individuals excavated at Tell Atchana (Alalakh, located in Hatay, Turkey), we explored the role of mobility at the capital of a regional kingdom, named Mukish during the Late Bronze Age, which spanned the Amuq Valley and some areas beyond. We generated strontium and oxygen isotope data from dental enamel for 53 individuals and 77 individuals, respectively, and added ancient DNA data of 10 newly sequenced individuals to a dataset of 27 individuals published in 2020. Additionally, we improved the DNA coverage of one individual from this 2020 dataset. The DNA data revealed a very homogeneous gene pool. This picture of an overwhelmingly local ancestry was consistent with the evidence of local upbringing in most of the individuals indicated by the isotopic data, where only five were found to be non-local. High levels of contact, trade, and exchange of ideas and goods in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, therefore, seem not to have translated into high levels of individual mobility detectable at Tell Atchana., European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; European Research Council (ERC); Research İnnovation Programme; ERC-2015-StG; FoodTransforms

Published
2021

28. Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks

Author

Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Blackburn, L., Boyer, V., Butuc-Mayer, F., Calmet, X., Lopez-Urrutia, J. R. Crespo, Curtis, E. A., Darquie, B., Dunningham, J., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Georgiou, K., Gill, P., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Harwood, A. C., Hill, I. R., Hendricks, R. J., Jeong, M., Johnson, M. Y. H., Keller, M., Sajith, L. P. Kozhiparambil, Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Mayo, C., Newman, P., Parsons, A. O., Prokhorov, L., Robertson, B. I., Rodewald, J., Safronova, M. S., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Stadnik, Y. V., Szymaniec, K., Tarbutt, M. R., Thompson, R. C., Tofful, A., Tunesi, J., Vecchio, A., Wang, Y., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The detection of variations of fundamental constants of the Standard Model would provide us with compelling evidence of new physics, and could lift the veil on the nature of dark matter and dark energy. In this work, we discuss how a network of atomic and molecular clocks can be used to look for such variations with unprecedented sensitivity over a wide range of time scales. This is precisely the goal of the recently launched QSNET project: A network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants. QSNET will include state-of-the-art atomic clocks, but will also develop next-generation molecular and highly charged ion clocks with enhanced sensitivity to variations of fundamental constants. We describe the technological and scientific aims of QSNET and evaluate its expected performance. We show that in the range of parameters probed by QSNET, either we will discover new physics, or we will impose new constraints on violations of fundamental symmetries and a range of theories beyond the Standard Model, including dark matter and dark energy models.

Published
2021
Full Text
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29. QSNET, a network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants

Author

Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., Worm, S., Barontini, G., Boyer, V., Calmet, X., Fitch, N. J., Forgan, E. M., Godun, R. M., Goldwin, J., Guarrera, V., Hill, I. R., Jeong, M., Keller, M., Kuipers, F., Margolis, H. S., Newman, P., Prokhorov, L., Rodewald, J., Sauer, B. E., Schioppo, M., Sherrill, N., Tarbutt, M. R., Vecchio, A., and Worm, S.

Abstract

The QSNET consortium is building a UK network of next-generation atomic and molecular clocks that will achieve unprecedented sensitivity in testing variations of the fine structure constant, $\alpha$, and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, $\mu$. This in turn will provide more stringent constraints on a wide range of fundamental and phenomenological theories beyond the Standard Model and on dark matter models.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Applicazione della norma UNI EN 689:2019 per la valutazione dell'esposizione occupazionale ad agenti chimici: caso-studio in una fonderia

Author

Keller, M, Rovelli, S, Bonacina, F, Campagnolo, D, Fanti, G, Spinazzè, A, Borghi, F, Recchia, S, Cattaneo, A, De Vito, G, Cavallo, D, Keller, Marta, Rovelli, Sabrina, Bonacina, Fabio, Campagnolo, Davide, Fanti, Giacomo, Spinazzè, Andrea, Borghi, Francesca, Recchia, Sandro, Cattaneo, Andrea, De Vito, Giovanni, Cavallo, Domenico M., Keller, M, Rovelli, S, Bonacina, F, Campagnolo, D, Fanti, G, Spinazzè, A, Borghi, F, Recchia, S, Cattaneo, A, De Vito, G, Cavallo, D, Keller, Marta, Rovelli, Sabrina, Bonacina, Fabio, Campagnolo, Davide, Fanti, Giacomo, Spinazzè, Andrea, Borghi, Francesca, Recchia, Sandro, Cattaneo, Andrea, De Vito, Giovanni, and Cavallo, Domenico M.

Published
2021

32. Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator

Author

Huang, M, Huang, M, Xu, Y, Longo, M, Keller, M, Knox, RG, Koven, CD, Fisher, RA, Huang, M, Huang, M, Xu, Y, Longo, M, Keller, M, Knox, RG, Koven, CD, and Fisher, RA

Abstract

Tropical forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation not only alters carbon stocks and carbon fluxes, but also impacts physical land surface properties such as albedo and roughness length. Such impacts are poorly quantified to date due to difficulties in accessing and maintaining observational infrastructures, as well as the lack of proper modeling tools for capturing the interactions among biophysical properties, ecosystem demography, canopy structure, and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. As a first step to address these limitations, we implemented a selective logging module into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) by mimicking the ecological, biophysical, and biogeochemical processes following a logging event. The model can specify the timing and aerial extent of logging events, splitting the logged forest patch into disturbed and intact patches; determine the survivorship of cohorts in the disturbed patch; and modifying the biomass and necromass (total mass of coarse woody debris and litter) pools following logging. We parameterized the logging module to reproduce a selective logging experiment at the Tapajós National Forest in Brazil and benchmarked model outputs against available field measurements. Our results suggest that the model permits the coexistence of early and late successional functional types and realistically characterizes the seasonality of water and carbon fluxes and stocks, the forest structure and composition, and the ecosystem succession following disturbance. However, the current version of FATES overestimates water stress in the dry season and therefore fails to capture seasonal variation in latent and sensible heat fluxes. Moreover, we observed a bias towards low stem density and leaf area when compared to observations, suggesting that improvements are needed in both carbon allocation and establishment of trees. The effects of logging were assessed by different logging scenarios to repr

Published
2020

33. Psychotherapy or medication for depression? Using individual symptom meta-analyses to derive a Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for a personalised psychiatry

Author

Kappelmann, N, Rein, M, Fietz, J, Mayberg, HS, Craighead, WE, Dunlop, BW, Nemeroff, CB, Keller, M, Klein, DN, Arnow, BA, Husain, N, Jarrett, RB, Vittengl, JR, Menchetti, M, Parker, G, Barber, JP, Bastos, AG, Dekker, J, Peen, J, Keck, ME, Kopf-Beck, J, Kappelmann, N, Rein, M, Fietz, J, Mayberg, HS, Craighead, WE, Dunlop, BW, Nemeroff, CB, Keller, M, Klein, DN, Arnow, BA, Husain, N, Jarrett, RB, Vittengl, JR, Menchetti, M, Parker, G, Barber, JP, Bastos, AG, Dekker, J, Peen, J, Keck, ME, and Kopf-Beck, J

Abstract

Background: Antidepressant medication (ADM) and psychotherapy are effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). It is unclear, however, if treatments differ in their effectiveness at the symptom level and whether symptom information can be utilised to inform treatment allocation. The present study synthesises comparative effectiveness information from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ADM versus psychotherapy for MDD at the symptom level and develops and tests the Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for precision treatment allocation. Methods: First, we conducted systematic review and meta-analyses of RCTs comparing ADM and psychotherapy at the individual symptom level. We searched PubMed Medline, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, a database specific for psychotherapy RCTs, and looked for unpublished RCTs. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied on sum-scores and for individual symptoms for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) measures. Second, we computed the SOrT metric, which combines meta-analytic effect sizes with patients' symptom profiles. The SOrT metric was evaluated using data from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) study (n = 407) and the Emory Predictors of Remission in Depression to Individual and Combined Treatments (PReDICT) study (n = 234). Results: The systematic review identified 38 RCTs for qualitative inclusion, 27 and 19 for quantitative inclusion at the sum-score level, and 9 and 4 for quantitative inclusion on individual symptom level for the HAM-D and BDI, respectively. Neither meta-analytic strategy revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of ADM and psychotherapy across the two depression measures. The SOrT metric did not show meaningful associations with other clinical variables in the MARS sample, and there was no indication of utility of the metric for better treatment allocation from PReDICT data.

Published
2020

35. Erstmalige umfassende Charakterisierung von Tumorendothelien aus primärem Prostatagewebe

Author

Heidegger, I, Thaler, S, Schäfer, G, Eigentler, A, Finotello, F, Plattner, C, Trajanoski, Z, Keller, M, Gunsilius, E, Wolf, D, Horninger, W, Klocker, H, Pircher, A, Heidegger, I, Thaler, S, Schäfer, G, Eigentler, A, Finotello, F, Plattner, C, Trajanoski, Z, Keller, M, Gunsilius, E, Wolf, D, Horninger, W, Klocker, H, and Pircher, A

Published
2020

36. Solar Neutrino Detection Sensitivity in DARWIN via Electron Scattering

Author

Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.

Abstract

We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$, $^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of $pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300 ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $^{131}$Xe., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; for associated data files, see https://github.com/Physik-Institut-UZH/DARWIN-Sensitivity-Studies/tree/master/solar_neutrinos_electron_scattering

Published
2020

37. Depression prevalence using the HADS-D compared to SCID major depression classification: An individual participant data meta-analysis

Author

Brehaut, E, Neupane, D, Levis, B, Wu, Y, Sun, Y, Krishnan, A, He, C, Bhandari, PM, Negeri, Z, Riehm, KE, Rice, DB, Azar, M, Yan, XW, Imran, M, Chiovitti, MJ, Saadat, N, Cuijpers, P, Ioannidis, JPA, Markham, S, Patten, SB, Ziegelstein, RC, Henry, M, Ismail, Z, Loiselle, CG, Mitchell, ND, Tonelli, M, Boruff, JT, Kloda, LA, Beraldi, A, Braeken, APBM, Carter, G, Clover, K, Conroy, RM, Cukor, D, da Rocha E Silva, CE, De Souza, J, Downing, MG, Feinstein, A, Ferentinos, PP, Fischer, FH, Flint, AJ, Fujimori, M, Gallagher, P, Goebel, S, Jette, N, Juliao, M, Keller, M, Kjaergaard, M, Love, AW, Loewe, B, Martin-Santos, R, Michopoulos, I, Navines, R, O'Rourke, SJ, Ozturk, A, Pintor, L, Ponsford, JL, Rooney, AG, Sanchez-Gonzalez, R, Schwarzbold, ML, Sharpe, M, Simard, S, Singer, S, Stone, J, Tung, K-Y, Turner, A, Walker, J, Walterfang, M, White, J, Benedetti, A, Thombs, BD, Brehaut, E, Neupane, D, Levis, B, Wu, Y, Sun, Y, Krishnan, A, He, C, Bhandari, PM, Negeri, Z, Riehm, KE, Rice, DB, Azar, M, Yan, XW, Imran, M, Chiovitti, MJ, Saadat, N, Cuijpers, P, Ioannidis, JPA, Markham, S, Patten, SB, Ziegelstein, RC, Henry, M, Ismail, Z, Loiselle, CG, Mitchell, ND, Tonelli, M, Boruff, JT, Kloda, LA, Beraldi, A, Braeken, APBM, Carter, G, Clover, K, Conroy, RM, Cukor, D, da Rocha E Silva, CE, De Souza, J, Downing, MG, Feinstein, A, Ferentinos, PP, Fischer, FH, Flint, AJ, Fujimori, M, Gallagher, P, Goebel, S, Jette, N, Juliao, M, Keller, M, Kjaergaard, M, Love, AW, Loewe, B, Martin-Santos, R, Michopoulos, I, Navines, R, O'Rourke, SJ, Ozturk, A, Pintor, L, Ponsford, JL, Rooney, AG, Sanchez-Gonzalez, R, Schwarzbold, ML, Sharpe, M, Simard, S, Singer, S, Stone, J, Tung, K-Y, Turner, A, Walker, J, Walterfang, M, White, J, Benedetti, A, and Thombs, BD

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Validated diagnostic interviews are required to classify depression status and estimate prevalence of disorder, but screening tools are often used instead. We used individual participant data meta-analysis to compare prevalence based on standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression subscale (HADS-D) cutoffs of ≥8 and ≥11 versus Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression and determined if an alternative HADS-D cutoff could more accurately estimate prevalence. METHODS: We searched Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (inception-July 11, 2016) for studies comparing HADS-D scores to SCID major depression status. Pooled prevalence and pooled differences in prevalence for HADS-D cutoffs versus SCID major depression were estimated. RESULTS: 6005 participants (689 SCID major depression cases) from 41 primary studies were included. Pooled prevalence was 24.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.5%, 29.0%) for HADS-D ≥8, 10.7% (95% CI: 8.3%, 13.8%) for HADS-D ≥11, and 11.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 14.6%) for SCID major depression. HADS-D ≥11 was closest to SCID major depression prevalence, but the 95% prediction interval for the difference that could be expected for HADS-D ≥11 versus SCID in a new study was -21.1% to 19.5%. CONCLUSIONS: HADS-D ≥8 substantially overestimates depression prevalence. Of all possible cutoff thresholds, HADS-D ≥11 was closest to the SCID, but there was substantial heterogeneity in the difference between HADS-D ≥11 and SCID-based estimates. HADS-D should not be used as a substitute for a validated diagnostic interview.

Published
2020

38. Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator

Author

Huang, M, Huang, M, Xu, Y, Longo, M, Keller, M, Knox, RG, Koven, CD, Fisher, RA, Huang, M, Huang, M, Xu, Y, Longo, M, Keller, M, Knox, RG, Koven, CD, and Fisher, RA

Abstract

Tropical forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation not only alters carbon stocks and carbon fluxes, but also impacts physical land surface properties such as albedo and roughness length. Such impacts are poorly quantified to date due to difficulties in accessing and maintaining observational infrastructures, as well as the lack of proper modeling tools for capturing the interactions among biophysical properties, ecosystem demography, canopy structure, and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. As a first step to address these limitations, we implemented a selective logging module into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) by mimicking the ecological, biophysical, and biogeochemical processes following a logging event. The model can specify the timing and aerial extent of logging events, splitting the logged forest patch into disturbed and intact patches; determine the survivorship of cohorts in the disturbed patch; and modifying the biomass and necromass (total mass of coarse woody debris and litter) pools following logging. We parameterized the logging module to reproduce a selective logging experiment at the Tapajós National Forest in Brazil and benchmarked model outputs against available field measurements. Our results suggest that the model permits the coexistence of early and late successional functional types and realistically characterizes the seasonality of water and carbon fluxes and stocks, the forest structure and composition, and the ecosystem succession following disturbance. However, the current version of FATES overestimates water stress in the dry season and therefore fails to capture seasonal variation in latent and sensible heat fluxes. Moreover, we observed a bias towards low stem density and leaf area when compared to observations, suggesting that improvements are needed in both carbon allocation and establishment of trees. The effects of logging were assessed by different logging scenarios to repr

Published
2020

40. Solar neutrino detection sensitivity in DARWIN via electron scattering

Author

Aalbers, Jelle, Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S. E. M., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Angevaare, J., Antochi, Vasile C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, Jan, Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Loya Villalpando, A., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, Jörn, Manfredini, A., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, Bart, Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. C., Schulze Eissing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., Aalbers, Jelle, Agostini, F., Ahmed Maouloud, S. E. M., Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F. D., Angevaare, J., Antochi, Vasile C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, Jan, Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Loya Villalpando, A., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, Jörn, Manfredini, A., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, Bart, Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ramírez García, D., Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. C., Schulze Eissing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.

Abstract

We detail the sensitivity of the proposed liquid xenon DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: pp, 7Be, 13N, 15O and pep. The precision of the 13N, 15O and pep components is hindered by the double-beta decay of 136Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of pp neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the electroweak mixing angle, sin2 theta w, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, Pee, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, with 10 live years of data and a 30 tonne fiducial volume. An observation of pp and 7Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high- (GS98) and low-metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5 sigma significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of 8B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of 131Xe.

Published
2020
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41. Erstmalige umfassende Charakterisierung von Tumorendothelien aus primärem Prostatagewebe

Author

Heidegger, I, Thaler, S, Schäfer, G, Eigentler, A, Finotello, F, Plattner, C, Trajanoski, Z, Keller, M, Gunsilius, E, Wolf, D, Horninger, W, Klocker, H, Pircher, A, Heidegger, I, Thaler, S, Schäfer, G, Eigentler, A, Finotello, F, Plattner, C, Trajanoski, Z, Keller, M, Gunsilius, E, Wolf, D, Horninger, W, Klocker, H, and Pircher, A

Published
2020

43. Solar Neutrino Detection Sensitivity in DARWIN via Electron Scattering

Author

Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.

Abstract

We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$, $^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of $pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300 ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $^{131}$Xe., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; for associated data files, see https://github.com/Physik-Institut-UZH/DARWIN-Sensitivity-Studies/tree/master/solar_neutrinos_electron_scattering

Published
2020

44. Solar Neutrino Detection Sensitivity in DARWIN via Electron Scattering

Author

Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.

Abstract

We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$, $^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of $pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300 ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $^{131}$Xe., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; for associated data files, see https://github.com/Physik-Institut-UZH/DARWIN-Sensitivity-Studies/tree/master/solar_neutrinos_electron_scattering

Published
2020

45. Solar Neutrino Detection Sensitivity in DARWIN via Electron Scattering

Author

Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., Aalbers, J., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. E. M. Ahmed, Alfonsi, M., Althueser, L., Amaro, F., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Arazi, L., Arneodo, F., Balzer, M., Baudis, L., Baur, D., Benabderrahmane, M. L., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Bourgeois, C., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brown, A., Brown, E., Brünner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J., Cichon, D., Clark, M., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., Cussonneau, J. P., Decowski, M. P., Depoian, A., Dierle, J., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Diglio, S., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Engel, R., Erdal, E., Ferella, A. D., Fischer, H., Fischer, P., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grohmann, S., Größle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hils, C., Holzapfel, B., Howlett, J., Iaquaniello, G., Jörg, F., Keller, M., Kellerer, J., Khundzakishvili, G., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kleiner, T. K., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Krauss, L. M., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Villalpando, A. Loya, Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Manfredini, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., McFadden, N., Meinhardt, P., Meyer, R., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., Ostrovskiy, I., Palacio, J., Pandurovic, M., Pelssers, B., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Pizzella, V., Plante, G., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Reichard, S. E., Rupp, N., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J., Sartorelli, G., Schulte, D., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Steidl, M., Stern, S., Subotic, D., Szabo, P., Terliuk, A., Therreau, C., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Toennies, F., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Valerius, K., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Weber, M., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wuestling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., and Zuber, K.

Abstract

We detail the sensitivity of the liquid xenon (LXe) DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: $pp$, $^7$Be, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$. The precision of the $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O and $pep$ components is hindered by the double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of $pp$ neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the weak mixing angle, $\sin^2\theta_w$, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, $P_e$, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200 keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, at an exposure of 300 ty. An observation of $pp$ and $^7$Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high (GS98) and low metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1-2.5$\sigma$ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of $^8$B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of $^{131}$Xe., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; for associated data files, see https://github.com/Physik-Institut-UZH/DARWIN-Sensitivity-Studies/tree/master/solar_neutrinos_electron_scattering

Published
2020

46. Estimation of coarse dead wood stocks in intact and degraded forests in the Brazilian Amazon using airborne lidar

Author

Scaranello, MAS, Scaranello, MAS, Keller, M, Longo, M, Dos-Santos, MN, Leitold, V, Morton, DC, Pinagé, ER, Del Bon Espírito-Santo, F, Scaranello, MAS, Scaranello, MAS, Keller, M, Longo, M, Dos-Santos, MN, Leitold, V, Morton, DC, Pinagé, ER, and Del Bon Espírito-Santo, F

Abstract

Coarse dead wood is an important component of forest carbon stocks, but it is rarely measured in Amazon forests and is typically excluded from regional forest carbon budgets. Our study is based on line intercept sampling for fallen coarse dead wood conducted along 103 transects with a total length of 48 km matched with forest inventory plots where standing coarse dead wood was measured in the footprints of larger areas of airborne lidar acquisitions. We developed models to relate lidar metrics and Landsat time series variables to coarse dead wood stocks for intact, logged, burned, or logged and burned forests. Canopy characteristics such as gap area produced significant individual relations for logged forests. For total fallen plus standing coarse dead wood (hereafter defined as total coarse dead wood), the relative root mean square error for models with only lidar metrics ranged from 33% in logged forest to up to 36% in burned forests. The addition of historical information improved model performance slightly for intact forests (31% against 35% relative root mean square error), not justifying the use of a number of disturbance events from historical satellite images (Landsat) with airborne lidar data. Lidarderived estimates of total coarse dead wood compared favorably with independent ground-based sampling for areas up to several hundred hectares. The relations found between total coarse dead wood and variables quantifying forest structure derived from airborne lidar highlight the opportunity to quantify this important but rarely measured component of forest carbon over large areas in tropical forests.

Published
2019

47. Long-term impacts of selective logging on amazon forest dynamics from multi-temporal airborne lidar

Author

Pinagé, ER, Pinagé, ER, Keller, M, Duffy, P, Longo, M, Dos-Santos, MN, Morton, DC, Pinagé, ER, Pinagé, ER, Keller, M, Duffy, P, Longo, M, Dos-Santos, MN, and Morton, DC

Abstract

Forest degradation is common in tropical landscapes, but estimates of the extent and duration of degradation impacts are highly uncertain. In particular, selective logging is a form of forest degradation that alters canopy structure and function, with persistent ecological impacts following forest harvest. In this study, we employed airborne laser scanning in 2012 and 2014 to estimate three-dimensional changes in the forest canopy and understory structure and aboveground biomass following reduced-impact selective logging in a site in Eastern Amazon. Also, we developed a binary classification model to distinguish intact versus logged forests. We found that canopy gap frequency was significantly higher in logged versus intact forests even after 8 years (the time span of our study). In contrast, the understory of logged areas could not be distinguished from the understory of intact forests after 6–7 years of logging activities. Measuring new gap formation between LiDAR acquisitions in 2012 and 2014, we showed rates 2 to 7 times higher in logged areas compared to intact forests. New gaps were spatially clumped with 76 to 89% of new gaps within 5 m of prior logging damage. The biomass dynamics in areas logged between the two LiDAR acquisitions was clearly detected with an average estimated loss of −4.14 ± 0.76 MgC ha−1 y−1. In areas recovering from logging prior to the first acquisition, we estimated biomass gains close to zero. Together, our findings unravel the magnitude and duration of delayed impacts of selective logging in forest structural attributes, confirm the high potential of airborne LiDAR multitemporal data to characterize forest degradation in the tropics, and present a novel approach to forest classification using LiDAR data.

Published
2019

49. A decade of detailed observations (2008-2018) in steep bedrock permafrost at the Matterhorn Hörnligrat (Zermatt, CH)

Author

Weber, S. (Samuel), Beutel, J. (Jan), Da Forno, R. (Reto), Geiger, A. (Alain), Gruber, S. (Stephan), Gsell, T. (Tonio), Hasler, A. (Andreas), Keller, M. (Matthias), Lim, R. (Roman), Limpach, P. (Philippe), Meyer, M. (Matthias), Talzi, I. (Igor), Thiele, L. (Lothar), Tschudin, C. (Christian), Vieli, A. (Andreas), Vonder Mühll, D. (Daniel), Yücel, M. (Mustafa), Weber, S. (Samuel), Beutel, J. (Jan), Da Forno, R. (Reto), Geiger, A. (Alain), Gruber, S. (Stephan), Gsell, T. (Tonio), Hasler, A. (Andreas), Keller, M. (Matthias), Lim, R. (Roman), Limpach, P. (Philippe), Meyer, M. (Matthias), Talzi, I. (Igor), Thiele, L. (Lothar), Tschudin, C. (Christian), Vieli, A. (Andreas), Vonder Mühll, D. (Daniel), and Yücel, M. (Mustafa)

Abstract

The PermaSense project is an ongoing interdisciplinary effort between geo-science and engineering disciplines and started in 2006 with the goals of realizing observations that previously have not been possible. Specifically, the aims are to obtain measurements in unprecedented quantity and quality based on technological advances. This paper describes a unique >10-year data record obtained from in situ measurements in steep bedrock permafrost in an Alpine environment on the Matterhorn Hörnligrat, Zermatt, Switzerland, at 3500ma:s:l. Through the utilization of state-of-the-art wireless sensor technology it was possible to obtain more data of higher quality, make these data available in near real time and tightly monitor and control the running experiments. This data set (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.897640,Weber et al., 2019a) constitutes the longest, densest and most diverse data record in the history of mountain permafrost research worldwide with 17 different sensor types used at 29 distinct sensor locations consisting of over 114.5 million data points captured over a period of 10 or more years. By documenting and sharing these data in this form we contribute to making our past research reproducible and facilitate future research based on these data, e.g., in the areas of analysis methodology, comparative studies, assessment of change in the environment, natural hazard warning and the development of process models. Finally, the cross-validation of four different data types clearly indicates the dominance of thawing-related kinematics.

Published
2019
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50. Estimation of coarse dead wood stocks in intact and degraded forests in the Brazilian Amazon using airborne lidar

Author

Scaranello, MAS, Scaranello, MAS, Keller, M, Longo, M, Dos-Santos, MN, Leitold, V, Morton, DC, Pinagé, ER, Del Bon Espírito-Santo, F, Scaranello, MAS, Scaranello, MAS, Keller, M, Longo, M, Dos-Santos, MN, Leitold, V, Morton, DC, Pinagé, ER, and Del Bon Espírito-Santo, F

Abstract

Coarse dead wood is an important component of forest carbon stocks, but it is rarely measured in Amazon forests and is typically excluded from regional forest carbon budgets. Our study is based on line intercept sampling for fallen coarse dead wood conducted along 103 transects with a total length of 48 km matched with forest inventory plots where standing coarse dead wood was measured in the footprints of larger areas of airborne lidar acquisitions. We developed models to relate lidar metrics and Landsat time series variables to coarse dead wood stocks for intact, logged, burned, or logged and burned forests. Canopy characteristics such as gap area produced significant individual relations for logged forests. For total fallen plus standing coarse dead wood (hereafter defined as total coarse dead wood), the relative root mean square error for models with only lidar metrics ranged from 33% in logged forest to up to 36% in burned forests. The addition of historical information improved model performance slightly for intact forests (31% against 35% relative root mean square error), not justifying the use of a number of disturbance events from historical satellite images (Landsat) with airborne lidar data. Lidarderived estimates of total coarse dead wood compared favorably with independent ground-based sampling for areas up to several hundred hectares. The relations found between total coarse dead wood and variables quantifying forest structure derived from airborne lidar highlight the opportunity to quantify this important but rarely measured component of forest carbon over large areas in tropical forests.

Published
2019

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