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The jurisdictional approach concept emerged in response to the widespread failure of sectoral forest conservation projects. Despite its increasing popularity, understanding jurisdictional approach outcomes is challenging, given that many remain in either the formation or implementation stage. Furthermore, diverse stakeholders hold different perspectives on what exactly a jurisdictional approach is intended to pursue. These different perspectives are important to unravel, as having a shared understanding of the outcomes is important to build the critical support needed for it. This study aims to add to the limited evidence with a case study in Sabah, Malaysia, which is committed to addressing a leading deforestation driver (palm oil) through sustainability certification in a jurisdiction. We used Q-methodology to explore stakeholder perceptions, revealing three distinct perspectives regarding what outcomes jurisdictional approaches should pursue. We asked about outcomes achievable within ten years (2022–2032) and considering real-world constraints. We found different perspectives regarding economic, environmental, governance, and smallholders’ welfare outcomes. However, we found consensus among stakeholders about some outcomes: (i) that achieving zero-deforestation is untenable, (ii) that issuing compensation or incentives to private land owners to not convert forests into plantations is unrealistic, (iii) that the human well-being of plantation workers could improve through better welfare, and (iv) the free, prior and informed consent given by local communities being required legally. The findings offer insights into key stakeholders’ perceptions of the deliverables of jurisdictional approaches and the difficulty of achieving its objectives under real-world constraints.

The jurisdictional approach concept emerged in response to the widespread failure of sectoral forest conservation projects. Despite its increasing popularity, understanding jurisdictional approach outcomes is challenging, given that many remain in either the formation or implementation stage. Furthermore, diverse stakeholders hold different perspectives on what exactly a jurisdictional approach is intended to pursue. These different perspectives are important to unravel, as having a shared understanding of the outcomes is important to build the critical support needed for it. This study aims to add to the limited evidence with a case study in Sabah, Malaysia, which is committed to addressing a leading deforestation driver (palm oil) through sustainability certification in a jurisdiction. We used Q-methodology to explore stakeholder perceptions, revealing three distinct perspectives regarding what outcomes jurisdictional approaches should pursue. We asked about outcomes achievable within ten years (2022–2032) and considering real-world constraints. We found different perspectives regarding economic, environmental, governance, and smallholders’ welfare outcomes. However, we found consensus among stakeholders about some outcomes: (i) that achieving zero-deforestation is untenable, (ii) that issuing compensation or incentives to private land owners to not convert forests into plantations is unrealistic, (iii) that the human well-being of plantation workers could improve through better welfare, and (iv) the free, prior and informed consent given by local communities being required legally. The findings offer insights into key stakeholders’ perceptions of the deliverables of jurisdictional approaches and the difficulty of achieving its objectives under real-world constraints.

Deforestation has been at the heart of the transformation of the Amazon. Global concerns over deforestation and its impact on climate change have resulted in the adoption of a number of initiatives in the framework of zero deforestation. However, undifferentiated application of the concepts of zero net, gross, and illegal deforestation has revealed a lack of understanding of their scope and of challenges to their implementation. Zero legal and illegal deforestation is, in particular, a controversial subject from the point of view of regulation and sovereignty but an essential aspect from the perspective of public policy design. In Colombia, zero deforestation commitments make no mention of legal deforestation. Papers that analyze deforestation and official data sources fail to incorporate the legal dimension in their analysis. This article addresses this gap by identifying areas where deforestation is legal and where it is illegal in one deforestation hotspot of the Colombian Amazon, the administrative department of Guaviare. Our results show that deforestation has increased since 2013, mainly occurs in illegal zones, and that Guaviare department, 85% of which is covered by forest, has very little legal deforestation potential. Our findings reveal that assessing the legality and illegality of deforestation is more complex than often assumed and must become a priority, especially in forested countries where regulation on forest and land management is shared between different level of governments and institutions.

Professional development (PD) courses are the main context for mathematics teachers' lifelong learning. Leaders with expertise are needed to facilitate these courses; thus, there is a growing interest in understanding the nature of this profession, its core practices, and the challenges it entails. This paper focuses on a specific group of facilitators: experienced mathematics teachers who have just begun facilitating PD courses in addition to their classroom teaching. To better understand these novice facilitators' practices, a commognitive approach was implemented to examine how they draw on their mathematics teaching experience when leading PD courses. In commognitive terms, these practitioners draw on multiple professional discourses, but mostly on the discourses of teaching and facilitation. The analysis of the challenges and affordances associated with participating in these two professional discourses showed that novice facilitators bring into play their teaching practices in four distinct ways: enacting a familiar practice, negating a familiar practice, questioning the relevance of a familiar practice, and generating a new practice based on their teaching experience. We claim that novice facilitators' well-established identity as teachers is both a challenge and an asset in grounding successful facilitation practices. Overall, facilitators modify their teaching experience through the adoption, adaptation, and retraction of their teaching practices. Implications for the preparation and support of facilitators, within processes of upscaling PD programs, are discussed.

Financing nature-positive development pathways in Southern countries is a central issue in the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in Montreal at COP15, and links to two streams: the need expressed by Southern countries to receive support for biodiversity protection through public finance from Northern countries; and the issue of aligning all financial flows with biodiversity objectives. Both issues emphasize “innovative finance mechanisms”, and in particular framing some of these flows, public or private, as “payments for ecosystem services”. This Issue Brief repositions “payments for environmental services” schemes within a broader approach of co-investment for sustainable development. After examining the gap in investments for development in low income and lower middle-income countries, and the role and place of biodiversity in their development pathways, the paper discusses the nature of services provided by biodiversity and how they can be linked to payments, before looking at other financial sources that could contribute to a co-investment approach.

Until recently, little or no use was made of fiscal instruments for forest protection in developing countries. The rise of independent third-party certification systems since the 1990s opens new perspectives for using taxation as an incentive. In the forestry sector, certification has developed significantly in Central Africa but reached a plateau in the last ten years, apparently due to the reorientation of timber export flows towards Asian markets that do not demand certified products. Fiscal incentives, through tax cuts for responsible producers, could compensate for the absence of price premiums but would diminish public revenues. The principle of the "bonus-malus" (feebates) seems promising to the extent that it does not reduce government budgetary revenues (budget neutrality). Bonus-malus schemes can also promote certified "zero deforestation" or "grown in agroforestry" agricultural production, especially cocoa, a significant driver of deforestation in Africa. Governments can select one or several certification schemes, private or public ones, and target fiscal incentives related to these certified products. The peculiarity of a bonus-malus system is that the revenues generated by the malus are expected to decrease progressively (with the adoption of certification), requiring a reduction of the bonus rates in order to respect budget neutrality. Adopting such a scheme would create winners and losers, therefore, complementary policy measures targeting small-scale producers are desirable.

This paper analyses the policy changes occurring in the forest and palm oil sectors of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, through the lens of the transformational change concept. The aim is to first examine whether Sabah is trans- forming and, if so, to identify the determinants enabling or hindering the change. To determine if Sabah is transforming, we used two criteria: - (i) an ambitious change in the policy framework, that promotes forest conservation and sustainable use, and is moving away from business-as-usual activities; and (ii) the level of implementation of the policies that we identified as supporting transformational change. We found that Sabah very likely did intend to transform. We made this conclusion based on comparing changes in policies occurring in Sabah, and we decided if it is ambitious by primarily comparing Sabah's policies with other Malaysian states, the federal government, and internationally. We showed that: (i) Sabah decided to use voluntary international certification standards (private market instruments) like FSC and RSPO, while the other Malaysian states did not; (ii) they decided to protect more forest compared to national and international targets; and (iii) Sabah is an early mover as the state is one of the first in the world to adopt the RSPO Jurisdictional Approach. But intention needs to be followed by implementation, and this is where the state falls short. The policies in Sabah were not fully implemented because of the patronage system where the more powerful actors used their power to continue with business-as-usual activities, there is frequent political turnover in Sabah, and the state faced difficulty in meeting international standards. Our research shows that local leadership and a local transformational change coalition (civil society actively working in Sabah) mainly prompted the transformational change, although the promises of economic gains and better reputation also played a role. We conclude by emphasising the change must b

Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year's 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.

Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year's 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.

Unless amended, draft rules to ban deforestation-tainted commodities could unfairly penalize less-developed countries.

La Chine et l'Afrique entretiennent des relations fortes depuis la vague des indépendances africaines des années 1960. Néanmoins, les échanges sino-africains ont connu un essor sans précédent depuis la fin des années 1990 et ont été accompagnés de la montée d'un discours sur le partenariat " gagnant-gagnant " entre la Chine et l'Afrique. Pour de nombreux gouvernements africains, la Chine représente une alternative viable aux bailleurs de fonds et aux partenaires commerciaux traditionnels de l'Afrique. De même, la Chine voit de nombreuses opportunités dans le développement de ses relations avec l'Afrique, notamment en termes de matières premières et de stratégie d'influence sur le plan international. Néanmoins, ces relations suscitent aussi des controverses importantes et révèlent que la " Chinafrique " se caractérise, non pas par une interdépendance mutuelle, mais plutôt par une asymétrie économique et financière renouvelée de l'Afrique à l'égard de la Chine. À rebours d'une conception monolithique de la " présence de la Chine " en Afrique, ce dossier insiste sur les multiples " influences chinoises " sur le continent à travers les relations économiques, politiques, diplomatiques et sécuritaires entre les deux espaces. À travers une perspective historique, ce dossier met ainsi en lumière la diversité des acteurs et des secteurs de coopération impliqués dans ces échanges. Cette étude se focalise sur le deuxième axe de ce dossier, c'est-à-dire la dimension économique des relations sino-africaines. Elle met en lumière la diversité des acteurs économiques chinois et de la politique chinoise en matière de commerce, d'investissements et de prêts en Afrique. À travers une approche sectorielle et géographique, elle explore le marché des matières premières, l'investissement en République démocratique du Congo et le secteur forestier en Afrique centrale.

This paper analyses the policy changes occurring in the forest and palm oil sectors of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, through the lens of the transformational change concept. The aim is to first examine whether Sabah is trans- forming and, if so, to identify the determinants enabling or hindering the change. To determine if Sabah is transforming, we used two criteria: - (i) an ambitious change in the policy framework, that promotes forest conservation and sustainable use, and is moving away from business-as-usual activities; and (ii) the level of implementation of the policies that we identified as supporting transformational change. We found that Sabah very likely did intend to transform. We made this conclusion based on comparing changes in policies occurring in Sabah, and we decided if it is ambitious by primarily comparing Sabah's policies with other Malaysian states, the federal government, and internationally. We showed that: (i) Sabah decided to use voluntary international certification standards (private market instruments) like FSC and RSPO, while the other Malaysian states did not; (ii) they decided to protect more forest compared to national and international targets; and (iii) Sabah is an early mover as the state is one of the first in the world to adopt the RSPO Jurisdictional Approach. But intention needs to be followed by implementation, and this is where the state falls short. The policies in Sabah were not fully implemented because of the patronage system where the more powerful actors used their power to continue with business-as-usual activities, there is frequent political turnover in Sabah, and the state faced difficulty in meeting international standards. Our research shows that local leadership and a local transformational change coalition (civil society actively working in Sabah) mainly prompted the transformational change, although the promises of economic gains and better reputation also played a role. We conclude by emphasising the change must b

The scientific literature acknowledges the significance and benefits of reflection to teachers’ practice and offers a variety of tools and environments for reflection-based professional development. In this paper, we analyze mathematics teachers' reflection in three different settings, using six categories of reflection we previously developed. We examine the unique opportunities for reflection that each setting offers and how it may cater for teachers’ different needs.

Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year's 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.

Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year's 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.

Aging is the single largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, and thus possesses large socioeconomic interest to continuously aging societies. Consequently, the field of aging research is expanding alongside a growing focus from the industry and investors in aging research. This year’s 8th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting was organized as a hybrid meeting from August 30th to September 3rd 2021 with more than 130 attendees participating on-site at the Ceremonial Hall at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and 1800 engaging online. The conference comprised of presentations from 75 speakers focusing on new research in topics including mechanisms of aging and how these can be modulated as well as the use of AI and new standards of practices within aging research. This year, a longevity workshop was included to build stronger connections with the clinical community.

Par opposition aux ouvrages de bâtiment, les travaux portant sur la voirie, sur les réseaux divers et sur l'aménagement des abords et des espaces verts appartiennent au domaine des ouvrages d'infrastructure. Si leur fonction première est d'assurer la viabilité des terrains sur lesquels seront édifiées des constructions, ils doivent aussi en améliorer l'environnement. Une des meilleures méthodes pour aborder le domaine de la construction est de placer un ouvrage dans son environnement, qu'il soit existant ou à créer. En effet, tout ouvrage doit pouvoir s'insérer dans le tissu existant, motivant ainsi une étude approfondie des conditions optimales de viabilisation : milieu ambiant, topographie du terrain, conditions climatologiques, etc. Le but des travaux touchant à la voirie, aux réseaux et aux aménagements extérieurs est bien d'assurer aux constructions Les meilleures conditions d'accessibilité, de sécurité, d'hygiène et de confort. Illustré de plusieurs centaines de schémas, de photos et de tableaux, doté d'un glossaire du vocabulaire spécialisé et d'un index de plus de 500 entrées, ce guide pratique pourra par ailleurs susciter des axes de réflexion pendant le cheminement du projet, depuis la phase d'études jusqu'à sa concrétisation.

Par opposition aux ouvrages de bâtiment, les travaux portant sur la voirie, sur les réseaux divers et sur l'aménagement des abords et des espaces verts appartiennent au domaine des ouvrages d'infrastructure. Si leur fonction première est d'assurer la viabilité des terrains sur lesquels seront édifiées des constructions, ils doivent aussi en améliorer l'environnement. Une des meilleures méthodes pour aborder le domaine de la construction est de placer un ouvrage dans son environnement, qu'il soit existant ou à créer. En effet, tout ouvrage doit pouvoir s'insérer dans le tissu existant, motivant ainsi une étude approfondie des conditions optimales de viabilisation : milieu ambiant, topographie du terrain, conditions climatologiques, etc. Le but des travaux touchant à la voirie, aux réseaux et aux aménagements extérieurs est bien d'assurer aux constructions Les meilleures conditions d'accessibilité, de sécurité, d'hygiène et de confort. Illustré de plusieurs centaines de schémas, de photos et de tableaux, doté d'un glossaire du vocabulaire spécialisé et d'un index de plus de 500 entrées, ce guide pratique pourra par ailleurs susciter des axes de réflexion pendant le cheminement du projet, depuis la phase d'études jusqu'à sa concrétisation.

Par opposition aux ouvrages de bâtiment, les travaux portant sur la voirie, sur les réseaux divers et sur l'aménagement des abords et des espaces verts appartiennent au domaine des ouvrages d'infrastructure. Si leur fonction première est d'assurer la viabilité des terrains sur lesquels seront édifiées des constructions, ils doivent aussi en améliorer l'environnement. Une des meilleures méthodes pour aborder le domaine de la construction est de placer un ouvrage dans son environnement, qu'il soit existant ou à créer. En effet, tout ouvrage doit pouvoir s'insérer dans le tissu existant, motivant ainsi une étude approfondie des conditions optimales de viabilisation : milieu ambiant, topographie du terrain, conditions climatologiques, etc. Le but des travaux touchant à la voirie, aux réseaux et aux aménagements extérieurs est bien d'assurer aux constructions Les meilleures conditions d'accessibilité, de sécurité, d'hygiène et de confort. Illustré de plusieurs centaines de schémas, de photos et de tableaux, doté d'un glossaire du vocabulaire spécialisé et d'un index de plus de 500 entrées, ce guide pratique pourra par ailleurs susciter des axes de réflexion pendant le cheminement du projet, depuis la phase d'études jusqu'à sa concrétisation.

Par opposition aux ouvrages de bâtiment, les travaux portant sur la voirie, sur les réseaux divers et sur l'aménagement des abords et des espaces verts appartiennent au domaine des ouvrages d'infrastructure. Si leur fonction première est d'assurer la viabilité des terrains sur lesquels seront édifiées des constructions, ils doivent aussi en améliorer l'environnement. Une des meilleures méthodes pour aborder le domaine de la construction est de placer un ouvrage dans son environnement, qu'il soit existant ou à créer. En effet, tout ouvrage doit pouvoir s'insérer dans le tissu existant, motivant ainsi une étude approfondie des conditions optimales de viabilisation : milieu ambiant, topographie du terrain, conditions climatologiques, etc. Le but des travaux touchant à la voirie, aux réseaux et aux aménagements extérieurs est bien d'assurer aux constructions Les meilleures conditions d'accessibilité, de sécurité, d'hygiène et de confort. Illustré de plusieurs centaines de schémas, de photos et de tableaux, doté d'un glossaire du vocabulaire spécialisé et d'un index de plus de 500 entrées, ce guide pratique pourra par ailleurs susciter des axes de réflexion pendant le cheminement du projet, depuis la phase d'études jusqu'à sa concrétisation.

Novice facilitators of professional development (PD) programs for mathematics teachers often face challenges in leading productive discussions and achieving the goals of these programs. Although research in this area is gradually accumulating, not much is known about how novice facilitators address these challenges and change their practices accordingly. This paper presents case studies of two novice facilitators of PD programs in two different countries. The analyses look at their work over one year, to illustrate the changes in their practices while managing discussions. The results show that although the facilitators operated in different contexts, their practices and their processes of change resembled, suggesting that these processes are not idiosyncratic. We argue that novice facilitators' changes in practices correspond to changes in their resources, orientations, goals, and identities and that PD program teams can support these changes.

La viabilité économique de la foresterie durable tropicale est souvent au mieux marginale, sachant que les retours sur la production durable de bois et autres biens et services commercialisables font pâle figure au regard de ceux obtenus à partir d'autres utilisations des terres. Le présent rapport, qui inclut des études de cas sur le Brésil, le Cambodge, le Congo, la Côte d'Ivoire, le Myanmar, le Pérou, la Thaïlande et le Viet Nam, analyse les dimensions incitatives et désincitatives à l'adoption de la gestion durable des forêts dans les régions tropicales, ce en vue d'aider les pays producteurs membres de l'OIBT à mettre en place des incitations efficaces. Ce rapport s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'effort permanent que déploie l'OIBT pour contribuer des connaissances et des enseignements sur les cadres possibles d'incitations destinées à favoriser l'investissement dans la gestion durable des forêts tropicales naturelles; il formule en outre 22 préconisations pour mettre au point des incitations qui peuvent faire la différence dans l'adoption de pratiques durables dans le secteur des forêts tropicales.

The object of this thesis is to reinterpret the work of Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997) through his dialogues and commitments in the contemporary era. To be more accurate, my purpose is to elucidate the way in which this author managed to rearticulate theory and practice, reflection and action, philosophy and politics after the historical failure of Marxism and in the light of a project of individual and collective emancipation (“the Project of Autonomy”). Thus, by revealing the way in which Castoriadis elaborated his works in a perpetual and rigorous confrontation to the human history - be it an intellectual movement (the existentialism), a historical event (May 1968) or a political regime (the USSR) - the purpose of this thesis is particularly to draw a model of “engaged philosophy” that is relevant for us nowadays., Cette thèse se propose de relire Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997) à la lumière de ses dialogues et engagements dans l’époque contemporaine. Il s’agit plus précisément d’élucider la manière dont cet auteur est parvenu, après la faillite historique du marxisme, à réarticuler théorie et pratique, réflexion et action, philosophie et politique, dans l’horizon d’un projet d’émancipation individuelle et collective (le « projet d’autonomie »). En dévoilant ainsi la manière dont Castoriadis a élaboré son œuvre dans une confrontation constante et exigeante à l’histoire vivante – qu’il soit question d’un mouvement intellectuel (l’existentialisme), d’un événement historique (Mai 68) ou d’un régime politique (l’URSS) – il s’agit notamment de dégager un modèle de « philosophe engagé » pertinent pour nous aujourd’hui., (Faculté de philosophie, lettres et sciences humaines) -- FUSL, 2021

La viabilité économique de la foresterie durable tropicale est souvent au mieux marginale, sachant que les retours sur la production durable de bois et autres biens et services commercialisables font pâle figure au regard de ceux obtenus à partir d'autres utilisations des terres. Le présent rapport, qui inclut des études de cas sur le Brésil, le Cambodge, le Congo, la Côte d'Ivoire, le Myanmar, le Pérou, la Thaïlande et le Viet Nam, analyse les dimensions incitatives et désincitatives à l'adoption de la gestion durable des forêts dans les régions tropicales, ce en vue d'aider les pays producteurs membres de l'OIBT à mettre en place des incitations efficaces. Ce rapport s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'effort permanent que déploie l'OIBT pour contribuer des connaissances et des enseignements sur les cadres possibles d'incitations destinées à favoriser l'investissement dans la gestion durable des forêts tropicales naturelles; il formule en outre 22 préconisations pour mettre au point des incitations qui peuvent faire la différence dans l'adoption de pratiques durables dans le secteur des forêts tropicales.

Novice facilitators of professional development (PD) programs for mathematics teachers often face challenges in leading productive discussions and achieving the goals of these programs. Although research in this area is gradually accumulating, not much is known about how novice facilitators address these challenges and change their practices accordingly. This paper presents case studies of two novice facilitators of PD programs in two different countries. The analyses look at their work over one year, to illustrate the changes in their practices while managing discussions. The results show that although the facilitators operated in different contexts, their practices and their processes of change resembled, suggesting that these processes are not idiosyncratic. We argue that novice facilitators' changes in practices correspond to changes in their resources, orientations, goals, and identities and that PD program teams can support these changes.

Aging is emerging as a druggable target with growing interest from academia, industry and investors. New technologies such as artificial intelligence and advanced screening techniques, as well as a strong influence from the industry sector may lead to novel discoveries to treat age-related diseases. The present review summarizes presentations from the 7th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting, held online on the 1st to 4th of September 2020. The meeting covered topics related to new methodologies to study aging, knowledge about basic mechanisms of longevity, latest interventional strategies to target the aging process as well as discussions about the impact of aging research on society and economy. More than 2000 participants and 65 speakers joined the meeting and we already look forward to an even larger meeting next year. Please mark your calendars for the 8th ARDD meeting that is scheduled for the 31st of August to 3rd of September, 2021, at Columbia University, USA.

Objective To define the phenotypic spectrum of phosphatidylinositol glycan class A protein (PIGA)-related congenital disorder of glycosylation (PIGA-CDG) and evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Our cohort encompasses 40 affected males with a pathogenic PIGA variant. We performed a detailed phenotypic assessment, and in addition, we reviewed the available clinical data of 36 previously published cases and assessed the variant pathogenicity using bioinformatical approaches. Results Most individuals had hypotonia, moderate to profound global developmental delay, and intractable seizures. We found that PIGA-CDG spans from a pure neurological phenotype at the mild end to a Fryns syndrome-like phenotype. We found a high frequency of cardiac anomalies including structural anomalies and cardiomyopathy, and a high frequency of spontaneous death, especially in childhood. Comparative bioinformatical analysis of common variants, found in the healthy population, and pathogenic variants, identified in affected individuals, revealed a profound physiochemical dissimilarity of the substituted amino acids in variant constrained regions of the protein. Significance Our comprehensive analysis of the largest cohort of published and novel PIGA patients broadens the spectrum of PIGA-CDG. Our genotype-phenotype correlation facilitates the estimation on pathogenicity of variants with unknown clinical significance and prognosis for individuals with pathogenic variants in PIGA.

Tropical forest degradation is a major source of greenhouse-gas emissions, but international forest and climate policies are yet to respond decisively to this. In some regions, as a result of population growth, climate change and forest degradation, the increased need for wood, whether for timber or fuelwood, will exceed the sustainable supply capacity of natural forests and plantations, potentially accelerating deforestation processes. As with the issue of food security, a problem of “wood supply security” is emerging in several developing countries. This issue is poorly understood by most international initiatives focused on climate or biodiversity, which want to conserve forests but neglect the importance of the productive role of forests to support this conservation through their sustainable use. Solutions exist, but a number of barriers, starting with unclear tenure rights and short-sighted policy choices, prevent the large-scale deployment of these ones. Putting investment back at the forefront of the international agenda and setting the right incentives for producers is necessary to overcome these barriers and create the conditions for achieving future results sought by the “results-based payments” schemes such as REDD+, currently favoured by donors. Beyond the production side, the role of the global demand and the consumers is critical, and trade policies should evolve significantly to favour sustainable and deforestation-free productions.

Aging is emerging as a druggable target with growing interest from academia, industry and investors. New technologies such as artificial intelligence and advanced screening techniques, as well as a strong influence from the industry sector may lead to novel discoveries to treat age-related diseases. The present review summarizes presentations from the 7th Annual Aging Research and Drug Discovery (ARDD) meeting, held online on the 1st to 4th of September 2020. The meeting covered topics related to new methodologies to study aging, knowledge about basic mechanisms of longevity, latest interventional strategies to target the aging process as well as discussions about the impact of aging research on society and economy. More than 2000 participants and 65 speakers joined the meeting and we already look forward to an even larger meeting next year. Please mark your calendars for the 8th ARDD meeting that is scheduled for the 31st of August to 3rd of September, 2021, at Columbia University, USA.

Tropical forest degradation is a major source of greenhouse-gas emissions, but international forest and climate policies are yet to respond decisively to this. In some regions, as a result of population growth, climate change and forest degradation, the increased need for wood, whether for timber or fuelwood, will exceed the sustainable supply capacity of natural forests and plantations, potentially accelerating deforestation processes. As with the issue of food security, a problem of “wood supply security” is emerging in several developing countries. This issue is poorly understood by most international initiatives focused on climate or biodiversity, which want to conserve forests but neglect the importance of the productive role of forests to support this conservation through their sustainable use. Solutions exist, but a number of barriers, starting with unclear tenure rights and short-sighted policy choices, prevent the large-scale deployment of these ones. Putting investment back at the forefront of the international agenda and setting the right incentives for producers is necessary to overcome these barriers and create the conditions for achieving future results sought by the “results-based payments” schemes such as REDD+, currently favoured by donors. Beyond the production side, the role of the global demand and the consumers is critical, and trade policies should evolve significantly to favour sustainable and deforestation-free productions.

Objective To define the phenotypic spectrum of phosphatidylinositol glycan class A protein (PIGA)-related congenital disorder of glycosylation (PIGA-CDG) and evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Our cohort encompasses 40 affected males with a pathogenic PIGA variant. We performed a detailed phenotypic assessment, and in addition, we reviewed the available clinical data of 36 previously published cases and assessed the variant pathogenicity using bioinformatical approaches. Results Most individuals had hypotonia, moderate to profound global developmental delay, and intractable seizures. We found that PIGA-CDG spans from a pure neurological phenotype at the mild end to a Fryns syndrome-like phenotype. We found a high frequency of cardiac anomalies including structural anomalies and cardiomyopathy, and a high frequency of spontaneous death, especially in childhood. Comparative bioinformatical analysis of common variants, found in the healthy population, and pathogenic variants, identified in affected individuals, revealed a profound physiochemical dissimilarity of the substituted amino acids in variant constrained regions of the protein. Significance Our comprehensive analysis of the largest cohort of published and novel PIGA patients broadens the spectrum of PIGA-CDG. Our genotype-phenotype correlation facilitates the estimation on pathogenicity of variants with unknown clinical significance and prognosis for individuals with pathogenic variants in PIGA.