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Salmonella Typhimurium, a major gastrointestinal pathogen, poses a global threat to human health. Public health problems associated with this organism have increased to the extent that it has become a major issue. The bacterium is becoming resistant to the commonly available antibiotics, and vaccines also suffer from limitations such as short lived immunity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of an effective vaccine. The outer membrane proteins (Omps) of Salmonella have proven their capability to be developed as a vaccine candidate for prevention of salmonellosis. With this aim, in the present study the Omp28 gene of Salmonella Typhimurium was amplified, cloned and expressed under an IPTG induction system. The recombinant protein thus produced was purified and tested for its antigenicity. The antigenicity of the purified protein was confirmed by western blotting with antiserum raised in rabbit against Omps of S. Typhimurium. The Omp28 gene was amplified as a 330bp product. The expressed protein was found to be of approximately 28kDa and it produced a strong signal in western blot analysis. This study concluded that Omp28 may be proven to be an effective candidate for the development of r-DNA vaccine against salmonellosis., Salmonella Typhimurium glavni je gastrointestinalni patogen koji je globalna prijetnja ljudskome zdravlju. Javnozdravstveni problemi povezani s ovim organizmom povećali su se do te mjere da je postao glavno pitanje na koje se traže brojni odgovori. Bakterija postaje otporna na najčešće dostupne antibiotike, a ograničavajuća uporaba cjepiva povezana je s kratkotrajnim imunitetom. Zbog toga postoji hitna potreba za razvoj učinkovitog cjepiva. Vanjske bjelančevine membrane (engl. Outer membrane proteins, Omps) salmonele dokazale su svoju sposobnost kandidata za razvoj cjepiva koje bi se koristilo u prevenciji salmoneloze. S tim je ciljem u ovom radu, pod uvjetima IPTG indukcijskog sustava, provedeno umnažanje i kloniranje te provjerena izražajnost gena za Omp28 iz Salmonelle Typhimurium. Tako dobivena rekombinantna bjelančevina pročišćena je i testirana s obzirom na antigenu sposobnost. Antigena sposobnost pročišćene bjelančevine potvrđena je uporabom Western blot metode s antiserumom protiv Omps-a iz S. Typhimurium dobivenim od zeca. Genom Omp28 umnožen je kao 330bp produkt. Bjelančevina je imala približno 28 kDa i Western blot analizom pokazala je izraženost jakog signala. Ovim je istraživanjem zaključeno da Omp28 može poslužiti kao učinkoviti kandidat za razvoj r-DNA cjepiva protiv salmoneloze.

1. A total of 32 Lactobacillus isolates, 8 each from the crop (LGFCP1-LGFCP8), proventriculus (LGFP9-LGFP16), ileum (LGFI17-LGFI24) and caeca (LGFCM25-LGFCM32) were isolated from 25 adult guinea fowl (Pearl variety), 22-28 weeks of age, and characterised morphologically, physiologically, biochemically and by molecular methods. 2. Isolates were screened for their probiotic quality using range of in vitro tests: aggregation test, cell surface hydrophobicity, resistance to bile salts and acidic conditions, enzymatic tests and co-aggregation and antagonistic test. 3. Based on in vitro test results and a novel scoring method, the two best isolates were selected and partial 16 SrRNA sequencing was done. BLAST analysis of sequence of isolate LGFCP4 showed 99% genetic identity with Lactobacillus plantarum and LGFP16 with Lactobacillus reuteri. 4. The study shows that these two microbial agents may be suitable as potential probiotic candidates in guinea fowl, as well as in a feed supplement for other poultry species.

1. A total of 32 Lactobacillus isolates, 8 each from the crop (LGFCP1-LGFCP8), proventriculus (LGFP9-LGFP16), ileum (LGFI17-LGFI24) and caeca (LGFCM25-LGFCM32) were isolated from 25 adult guinea fowl (Pearl variety), 22-28 weeks of age, and characterised morphologically, physiologically, biochemically and by molecular methods. 2. Isolates were screened for their probiotic quality using range of in vitro tests: aggregation test, cell surface hydrophobicity, resistance to bile salts and acidic conditions, enzymatic tests and co-aggregation and antagonistic test. 3. Based on in vitro test results and a novel scoring method, the two best isolates were selected and partial 16 SrRNA sequencing was done. BLAST analysis of sequence of isolate LGFCP4 showed 99% genetic identity with Lactobacillus plantarum and LGFP16 with Lactobacillus reuteri. 4. The study shows that these two microbial agents may be suitable as potential probiotic candidates in guinea fowl, as well as in a feed supplement for other poultry species.

A series of N-(2-(benzoyl/4-chlorobenzoyl)-benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(substituted) acetamide derivatives (4a-l, 5a-l) was synthesized in good yield. All the synthesized compounds were in agreement with elemental and spectral data. The anticonvulsant activity of all synthesized compounds was assessed against the maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) model in mice. Neurotoxicity was evaluated using the rotarod method. The majority of compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity at a dose of 30 mg kg–1 body mass during 0.5–4 h, indicating their ability to prevent seizure spread at low doses. Relative to phenytoin, compounds 5i [N-(2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(cyclohexyl(methyl)amino)-acetamide] and 5c [N-(2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)acetamide] demonstrated comparable relative anticonvulsant potency of 0.74 and 0.72, respectively, whereas compound 5f [(N-(2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-benzofuran-3-yl)-2-(4-(furan-2-carbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl) acetamide] exhibited the lowest relative potency of 0.16. The ALD50 of tested compounds ranged from 1.604 to 1.675 mmol kg–1 body mass. The ED50 of synthesized compounds ranged from 0.055 to 0.259 mmol kg–1 (~23.4 to 127.6 mg kg–1) body mass. The pharmacophore mapping of the examined compounds on standard drugs (phenobarbital, phenytoin, ralitolin and carbamazepine) strongly suggests that these compounds may exert their anticonvulsant activity via the same established mechanism as that of known drugs.

Currently various countries in South-East Asia, including India, are facing disaster due to Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), which is primarily caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). A dirty environment and a lack of awareness about the risks associated with mosquito bites may be one of the reasons of the outbreak. Japanese encephalitis is a lethal neuroviral infection for which there is no treatment and it largely affects children less than 14 years. Most of the cases either remain asymptomatic or short-lived mild symptoms with fever. In less than one case in every 300-500, the virus causes serious symptoms, such as seizures, confusion and paralysis. Up to one in every three people who develop serious symptoms die and those who do survive may suffer permanent neurological damage. However, the disease can be prevented by JE-specific vaccination. The current article tries to create awareness and is a compilation of advances made so far for vaccines for Japanese encephalitis.

Currently various countries in South-East Asia, including India, are facing disaster due to Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), which is primarily caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV). A dirty environment and a lack of awareness about the risks associated with mosquito bites may be one of the reasons of the outbreak. Japanese encephalitis is a lethal neuroviral infection for which there is no treatment and it largely affects children less than 14 years. Most of the cases either remain asymptomatic or short-lived mild symptoms with fever. In less than one case in every 300-500, the virus causes serious symptoms, such as seizures, confusion and paralysis. Up to one in every three people who develop serious symptoms die and those who do survive may suffer permanent neurological damage. However, the disease can be prevented by JE-specific vaccination. The current article tries to create awareness and is a compilation of advances made so far for vaccines for Japanese encephalitis.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2011, no. 2, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0012.206, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2011, no. 2, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0012.206, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) constitute a significant component of airborne particulates in urban environment. Exposure to DEP is known to enhance susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. We hypothesized that DEP could partially exert its effect on disease susceptibility by interfering with antigen presentation required for the generation of protective adaptive immune responses. MHC class I and class II molecules, ICAM 1 (CD54) and B7.1 (CD80) are intimately involved with the presentation of viral and bacterial antigens to T cells. In the present study we examined the effect of in vitro exposure to DEP on basal and cytokine induced expression levels of these key molecules on mouse lung epithelial cells. LA4 and TC1 mouse epithelial cell lines were activated with a cytokine mixture comprising IFNγ, TNFα and IL1β, in the presence or absence of DEP. CM significantly boosted the expression of MHC I and ICAM 1 antigens on epithelial cells. Exposure to DEP significantly inhibited the basal and CM induced expression of MHC I and ICAM 1 expression, but did not interfere with the constitutive expression of B7.1 on epithelial cells. Significant expression of MHC II antigens, which is needed for presentation of exogenous antigenic peptides, was not detected on either LA4 or TC1 cells. These results suggest that DEP may interfere with the expression of the cellular markers involved in the presentation of viral antigens.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2005, no. 2, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0006.203, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2005, no. 2, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0006.203, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2003, no. 3, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0004.316, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

ARKIVOC: vol. 2003, no. 3, (issn) 1551-7012, (dlps) 5550190.0004.316, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.