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Digital transformation of business activities has outgrown from competitive advantage to necessity in recent years. Evolution of information and communication technologies (ICT) has created the world where electronic business (E-Business), document management systems (DMS) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions have become standard, even for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) in developing countries. Modern businesses focus on implementing data analysis, business intelligence (BI) and even artificial intelligence (AI) concepts in their everyday activities, thus the digitalization of business activities is simply considered as default. Nevertheless, public companies in developing countries fall behind and struggle in this transformation process, as usual. Due to various reasons, they are still in the phase of digitalization, rather than implementing advanced solutions. Any organizational change demands unfreezing and mindset redirection, among both management and executors, which is always challenging, especially in the public sector. This paper aims to explain the preconditions and benefits of digital transition of the train maintenance process, and key challenges in such transformation.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the passive diffusion of protein kinase inhibitors through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and to develop a model for their permeability prediction. Materials & methods: We used the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay to obtain logPe values of each of 34 compounds and calculated descriptors for these structures to perform quantitative structure–property relationship modeling, creating different regression models. Results: The logPe values have been calculated for all 34 compounds. Support vector machine regression was considered the most reliable, and CATS2D_09_DA, CATS2D_04_AA, B04[N-S] and F07[C-N] descriptors were identified as the most influential to passive BBB permeability. Conclusion: The quantitative structure–property relationship-support vector machine regression model that has been generated can serve as an efficient method for preliminary screening of BBB permeability of new analogs.

A comprehensive investigation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib (ERL) electrochemical behavior and interaction with DNA was performed with the aim to clarify its redox mechanism and to determine the mode of binding. Irreversible oxidation and reduction processes of ERL on glassy carbon electrode were investigated using three voltammetric techniques CV, DPV, SWV in pH range between 2.0 and 9.0. Oxidation was established as an adsorption-controlled process, while the reduction manifested diffusion-adsorption mixed controlled process in acidic medium and adsorption became predominant in the neutral solutions. According to the determined number of transferred electrons and protons, oxidation and reduction mechanism of ERL are proposed. To follow the interaction between ERL and DNA, the multilayer ct-DNA electrochemical biosensor was incubated in ERL solutions concentrations ranged from 2 × 10–7 M to 5 × 10–5 M (pH 4.6) for 30 min. SWV measurements have shown the decrease in deoxyadenosine peak current as a consequence of ERL increased concentration and binding to ct-DNA. The calculated value of binding constant was K = 8.25 × 104 M−1. Molecular docking showed that ERL forms hydrophobic interactions when docked into minor groove, as well as when intercalated, and molecular dynamics analysis predicted the stability of obtained complexes. These results together with voltammetric studies imply that the intercalation could be more dominant way ERL binding to DNA compared to minor groove binding. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Early melanoma diagnosis plays a key role in ensuring best prognosis with good survival rates. The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted global and national healthcare systems, thus making it a real challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on diagnostic delay in melanoma patients in Serbia. In this retrospective study, we included patients treated at the university hospital in Serbia’s capitol over a period of five years and three months. We compared the prepandemic (01/JAN/17-14/MAR/20) and pandemic periods (15/MAR/20-31/MAR/22) by evaluating patient demographic data, melanoma subtype, Breslow thickness, Clark level, ulceration status, mitotic index rate and pT staging. We observed a significant reduction in the number of diagnosed patients (86.3 vs. 13.7%; p = 0.036), with melanomas having an increased median Breslow thickness (1.80 vs. 3.00; p = 0.010), a higher percentage of Clark IV–V level lesions (44.0% vs. 63.0%; p = 0.009), an increase in median mitotic index rate (2 vs. 5; p < 0.001) and a trend of increase in lesions thicker than 2 mm (37.8% vs. 53.7%; p = 0.026). We believe that this study can be a useful scenario guide for future similar events, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and timely diagnosis for the best patient outcomes.

U studiji su ispitivane sistemske koncentracije imunomodulacijskih proteina/interleukina i kliničko-patohistološke karakteristike bolesti i povezane su sa anemijom/trombocitozom kod obolelih od kolorektalnog karcinoma (CRC). Ispitanici sa CRC-om, su razvrstani u grupu sa anemijom, odnosno sa trombocitozom (eksperimentalne grupe) i grupu bez anemije, odnosno bez trombocitoze (kontrolne grupe). U ovako determinisanim skupovima ispitanika analizirane su kliničke (kompletna krvna slika sa brojem krvnih ćelija, vrednost hemoglobina, preocena aktivnosti bolesti, kompletan radiološki pregled, prisustvo komplikacija i pojava bolesti van gastrointestinalnog trakta) i patohistološke karakteristike bolesti (tip tumora, nuklearni i histološki gradus, TNM klasifikacija), kao i koncentracija citokina i imunomodulacijskih proteina (IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IL-33, galektina-1, galektina-3, TNF-α i INF-γ) i biohemijskih belega maligne bolesti (AFP,.CEA,.CA.19-9) u serumu bolesnika. Bolesnici sa CRCom i anemijom, odnosno trombocitozom imaju teži kliničko-patohistološki oblik bolesti (viši nuklearni i histološki gradus tumora, veći stepen invazije limfnih i krvnih sudova, viši TNM stadijum bolesti, više otkrivenih metastaza u plućima, jetri ili peritoneumu), u poređenju sa bolesnicima sa CRC-om bez anemije, odnosno bez trombocitoze. Takođe, utvrđena je pozitivna korelacija anemije, odnosno trombocitoze i sistemskih vrednosti interleukina, imunomodulacijskih proteina i biohemijskih belega maligne bolesti (AFP,.CEA,.CA.19-9) uhserumu bolesnika. Postoji pozitivna korelacija između sistemskih vrednosti imunomodulacijskih proteina i težeg kliničko-patohistološkog oblika bolesti, u odnosu na prisustvo anemije, odnosno trombocitoze kod bolesnika sa kolorektalnim karcinomom., We investigated systemic concentrations of immunomodulatory proteins/interleukins, as well as clinical and histopathological characteristics of the disease and correlated them with anemia/thrombocytosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The study included patients with colorectal cancer, divided into a group with anemia and a group with thrombocytosis (experimental groups) and a group without anemia, or without thrombocytosis (control groups). In such determined groups, clinical (complete blood count with blood cell count, hemoglobin value, disease activity, complete radiological examination, complications and occurrence of diseases outside the gastrointestinal tract) and pathohistological characteristics of the disease (tumor type, nuclear and histologic grade, TNM classification), as well as concentrations of cytokines and immunomodulatory proteins (IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IL-33, galectin-1, galectin-3, TNF-α and INF-γ) and biochemical indicators of malignant disease (AFP,.CEA,.CA.19-9) in the patients’ serum were analyzed. Patients with CRC and anemia/thrombocytosis, have a more severe clinical-pathohistological form of the disease (higher nuclear and histological grade of tumor, higher lymph and blood vessels invasion, higher TNM stage of the disease, more detectable lung, liver or peritoneum metastasis) compared to CRC patients without anemia or thrombocytosis. Moreover, a positive correlation between anemia/thrombocytosis, and cytokines, AFP,.CEA and.CA.19-9 values in the patients’ serum was determined. There is a positive correlation between the systemic values of immunomodulatory proteins and severe clinical-pathohistological form of the disease, based on the presence of anemia or thrombocytosis in CRC patients.

Karcinom želuca (GC) predstavlja jedan od najčešćih karcinoma u svetu, koji se često dijagnostikuje u poodmakloj fazi sa lošom prognozom, što ukazuje na potrebu za novim dijagnostičkim i prognostičkim markerima. Cilj studije bio je da se utvrdi ekspresija IL-32, proinflamatornih i angiogenih medijatora kod pacijenata sa difuznim i intestinalnim karcinomom želuca i povezanost sa kliničkopatološkim parametrima, kao i ekspresija u tumorskom, peritumorskom i zdravom tkivu kod pacijenata sa intestinalnim karcinomom želuca i odnos sa težinom bolesti. Analizirani su uzorci tkiva difuznog i intestinalnog tipa tumora 70 pacijenata sa karcinomom želuca, kao i uzorci tkiva intestinalnog tipa tumora 60 pacijenata sa karcinomom želuca. Ekspresija IL-32, vaskularnog endotelnog faktora rasta (VEGF), IL-17, IL-8 i CD31 merena je imunohistohemijski. Ekspresija IL-32 bila je značajno niža u uzorcima tkiva pacijenata sa difuznim tipom karcinoma želuca, sa težim i progresivnijim oblikom ove bolesti. Ekspresija IL-17 je takođe smanjena kod pacijenata sa difuznim tipom karcinoma želuca. Mikrovaskularna gustina je smanjena kod difuznog tipa karcinoma želuca. Ekspresija IL-32, VEGF i IL-17, kao i mikrovaskularna gustina (MVD) su smanjeni u peritumorskim tkivima u poređenju sa tumorskim tkivom intestinalnog tipa želudačnog karcinoma. Dalje, uočena je intenzivnija ekspresija IL-32 i VEGF i pojačana MVD kod pacijenata sa teškim i progresivnim GC. Smanjena ekspresija IL-32 u tumorskom tkivu pacijenata sa difuznim tipom karcinoma želuca može uticati na njegovu ulogu u ograničavanju započetih proinflamatornih i proangiogenih procesa. Veća ekspresija IL-32, VEGF i intenzivna MVD u tumorskom tkivu pacijenata sa intestinalnim tipom GC sa uočljivom invazijom limfnih sudova može se smatrati znakom maligne progresije tumora. Ovo naglašava neprepoznatu ulogu IL-32 u biologiji difuznog tipa karcinoma želuca i ukazuje na protumorigenu i proangiogenu ulogu IL-32 u biologiji intestinalnog tipa karcinoma že, Gastric cancer (GC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide, frequently diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognosis, indicating on need for new diagnostic and prognostic markers. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of IL-32, proinflammatory and angiogenic mediators, in patients with diffuse and intestinal gastric cancer and the relationship with clinicopathological aspects, and in the tumor, peritumor and healthy tissue, in patients with intestinal gastric cancer and the relationship with the disease severity. The tissue samples of diffuse and intestinal types of tumor of 70 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed, and tissue samples of intestinal type of the tumor of 60 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed, respectively. Expression of IL-32, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL17, IL-8 and CD31 was measured by immunohistochemistry. IL-32 expression was significantly lower in tissue samples from patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer that is also a severe and more progressive form of this disease. Expression of IL-17 was also decreased in patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer. Microvascular density was diminished in diffuse type of gastric cancer. IL-32, VEGF and IL-17 expression as well as microvascular density (MVD) were diminished in adjacent tumor tissues compared with the tumor ones. Further, more intense expression of IL-32 and VEGF and enhanced MVD were noticed in patients with severe and more progressive GC. Downregulated expression of IL-32 in tumor tissue of patients with diffuse type of gastric cancer may implicate on its role in limiting ongoing proinflammatory and proangiogenic processes. Higher expression of IL-32, VEGF and intense MVD in the tumor tissue of GC patients with detectable lymph vessel invasion may be considered as a sign of the tumor’s malignant progression. This emphasizes on unrecognized role of IL-32 in biology of diffuse type of gastric cancer, and indicates a protumorog

Background The baseline status of trace metals in adrenal tissue is unresolved, while the elemental profile for any adrenal pathology has not been examined so far. This study aimed to determine the baseline status of important toxic (Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Th, U) and essential trace elements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se) in healthy adrenal tissues (HATs) as well as to examine whether there are alterations in the elemental composition of adenomatous adrenal tissues (AATs). Furthermore, this study aimed to find potential trace metals that could play a role in the pathogenesis of adrenal adenoma (AA). Methods The study included 45 patients diagnosed with AA. Impacts of relevant parameters such as gender, age, smoking habits and nodular sizes were considered. All samples were subjected to microwave digestion and the trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results This is the first study that provided an insight into the elemental status of HATs. It was also shown that AATs had altered trace metal contents. Compared to HATs, the most significant findings were related to the high content of essential (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) and Pb as a non-essential metal. Although gender, age and smoking habits had a modest effect on metal profiles, the most significant alterations were related to the nodular diameter above 4 cm, indicating that the growth of benign tumor could influence changes in elemental composition. Conclusion For the first time the baseline contents of essential and toxic trace metals in HATs were determined. The results of this study may highlight the role of toxic and essential trace metals in AAs and could provide new insights into the molecular basis of pathophysiological changes caused by the hazardous effects of trace metals on adrenal structure and function.

HIV protease inhibitors are one of the most important agents for the treatment of HIV infection. In this work, molecular modeling studies combining 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, MESP, HOMO, and LUMO energy calculations were performed on propiophenone derivatives to explore structure activity relationships and structural requirements for the inhibitory activity. The aim of this study was to create a field point–based 3D-QSAR (3D-Quantitative structure-activity relationship) model by using chalcone structures with anti-HIV-1 protease activity from our previous study and to design new potentially more potent and safer inhibitors. The developed model showed acceptable predictive and descriptive capability as represented by standard statistical parameters R2 (0.94) and Q2 (0.59). High correlation between experimental and predicted activities of training set is noticed. All compounds fit into the defined applicability domain. The derived pharmacophoric features were further supported by MESP and Mulliken charge analysis using density functional theory. Statistically significant variables from 3D-QSAR were used to define key structural characteristics which enhance anti-HIV-1 protease activity. This information has been used to design new structures with anti-HIV-1 protease activity. Docking studies were conducted to understand the interactions in predicted compounds. All the compounds were subjected to in silico ADMET profiling in order to select the best potential drug candidates.

Background The baseline status of trace metals in adrenal tissue is unresolved, while the elemental profile for any adrenal pathology has not been examined so far. This study aimed to determine the baseline status of important toxic (Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Th, U) and essential trace elements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se) in healthy adrenal tissues (HATs) as well as to examine whether there are alterations in the elemental composition of adenomatous adrenal tissues (AATs). Furthermore, this study aimed to find potential trace metals that could play a role in the pathogenesis of adrenal adenoma (AA). Methods The study included 45 patients diagnosed with AA. Impacts of relevant parameters such as gender, age, smoking habits and nodular sizes were considered. All samples were subjected to microwave digestion and the trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results This is the first study that provided an insight into the elemental status of HATs. It was also shown that AATs had altered trace metal contents. Compared to HATs, the most significant findings were related to the high content of essential (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) and Pb as a non-essential metal. Although gender, age and smoking habits had a modest effect on metal profiles, the most significant alterations were related to the nodular diameter above 4 cm, indicating that the growth of benign tumor could influence changes in elemental composition. Conclusion For the first time the baseline contents of essential and toxic trace metals in HATs were determined. The results of this study may highlight the role of toxic and essential trace metals in AAs and could provide new insights into the molecular basis of pathophysiological changes caused by the hazardous effects of trace metals on adrenal structure and function.

Background The baseline status of trace metals in adrenal tissue is unresolved, while the elemental profile for any adrenal pathology has not been examined so far. This study aimed to determine the baseline status of important toxic (Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Th, U) and essential trace elements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se) in healthy adrenal tissues (HATs) as well as to examine whether there are alterations in the elemental composition of adenomatous adrenal tissues (AATs). Furthermore, this study aimed to find potential trace metals that could play a role in the pathogenesis of adrenal adenoma (AA). Methods The study included 45 patients diagnosed with AA. Impacts of relevant parameters such as gender, age, smoking habits and nodular sizes were considered. All samples were subjected to microwave digestion and the trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results This is the first study that provided an insight into the elemental status of HATs. It was also shown that AATs had altered trace metal contents. Compared to HATs, the most significant findings were related to the high content of essential (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) and Pb as a non-essential metal. Although gender, age and smoking habits had a modest effect on metal profiles, the most significant alterations were related to the nodular diameter above 4 cm, indicating that the growth of benign tumor could influence changes in elemental composition. Conclusion For the first time the baseline contents of essential and toxic trace metals in HATs were determined. The results of this study may highlight the role of toxic and essential trace metals in AAs and could provide new insights into the molecular basis of pathophysiological changes caused by the hazardous effects of trace metals on adrenal structure and function.

A cost-effective and simple hydrometallurgy procedure for recycling the diamond core drilling crowns by nitric acid leaching, followed by the sodium hydroxide leaching, has been developed. The effect of temperature, nitric acid/sodium hydroxide concentration, leaching time and stirring rate were studied. For the acid leaching process the optimal values for parameters were 60 °C, 1.0 M HNO3, 2.5 h, and 800 rpm. It has been noted that the key factors in the alkaline leaching process were temperature and NaOH concentration. For the alkaline leaching, the optimal parameters were 100 °C, 40% concentration of NaOH solution, and leaching time of 4 h. Identification and characterisation of products in all technological processes were performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The analysis of solutions in all phases was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The use of LDI-MS as a new approach to identify the products after phases in the recycling process was an important part of the study, and the results were consistent with the XRD analysis. The total tungsten recovery was over 95.6%, with a high purity of the obtained tungsten trioxide.

HIV protease inhibitors are one of the most important agents for the treatment of HIV infection. In this work, molecular modeling studies combining 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, MESP, HOMO, and LUMO energy calculations were performed on propiophenone derivatives to explore structure activity relationships and structural requirements for the inhibitory activity. The aim of this study was to create a field point–based 3D-QSAR (3D-Quantitative structure-activity relationship) model by using chalcone structures with anti-HIV-1 protease activity from our previous study and to design new potentially more potent and safer inhibitors. The developed model showed acceptable predictive and descriptive capability as represented by standard statistical parameters R2 (0.94) and Q2 (0.59). High correlation between experimental and predicted activities of training set is noticed. All compounds fit into the defined applicability domain. The derived pharmacophoric features were further supported by MESP and Mulliken charge analysis using density functional theory. Statistically significant variables from 3D-QSAR were used to define key structural characteristics which enhance anti-HIV-1 protease activity. This information has been used to design new structures with anti-HIV-1 protease activity. Docking studies were conducted to understand the interactions in predicted compounds. All the compounds were subjected to in silico ADMET profiling in order to select the best potential drug candidates.

The importance of the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) in the processes of tumor cell formation and growth has brought great interest in the development of new antitumor drugs that inhibit the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Recent studies have shown that in most tumors the activity of p110α isoform of PI3K kinase has been altered, and today special emphasis is placed on developing specific PI3K-α inhibitors. In a series of 92 PI3K-α inhibitors, whose data on experimentally determined inhibitory activity were collected from literature, 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship studies (3D-QSAR) were carried out. All molecular structures were previously optimized using semiempirical PM3 and ab initio Hartree-Fock / 3- 21G methods, and modeling was performed using PLS regression analysis. Calculated parameters of internal (R2=0.84; Q2=0.67) and external (R2pred=0.681; r2m=0.594; Δr2m=0.00039)validation indicate on good reliability and predictive power of created 3D-QSAR model. The analysis of the variables enabled pharmacophore structure determination, which implies: presence of hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor at a distance of 18-18.4Å or 12- 12.4Å, presence of hydrophobic domain and hydrogen bond donor at a distance of 15.2-15.6Å, and presence of steric hotspot at optimal distance from hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. These results will have the relevance in selecting the lead compounds for targeted structural modifications in order to design new selective PI3K-α inhibitors as potential antitumor drugs., Značaj aktivacije fosfatidilinozitol-3-kinaza (PI3K) u procesima nastanka i rasta ćelija karcinoma doveo je do velikog interesovanja za razvijanje novih antitumorskih lekova koji inhibiraju PI3K-Akt signalni put. Najnovija istraživanja pokazuju da je kod većine tipova karcinoma izmenjena aktivnost p110α izoforme PI3K kinaze, te se danas poseban akcenat stavlja na razvijanje specifičnih PI3K-α inhibitora. Na seriji od 92 PI3K-α inhibitora, čiji su podaci o eksperimentalno određenoj inhibitornoj aktivnosti prikupljeni iz literature, sprovedene su 3D studije kvantitativnog odnosa između strukture i dejstva (3D-QSAR). Sve molekulske strukture su prethodno optimizovane upotrebom semiempirijske PM3 i ab initio Hartree-Fock/3-21G metode, a modelovanje je vršeno primenom PLS regresione analize najmanjih kvadrata. Izračunati parametri interne (R2=0,84; Q2=0,67) i eksterne (R2pred=0,681; r2m=0,594; Δr2m=0,00039) validacije ukazuju na pouzdanost i dobru moć predviđanja formiranog 3DQSAR modela. Analizom varijabli određena je struktura farmakofore koja podrazumeva: prisustvo donora i akceptora vodonične veze na rastojanju 18-18,4 Å ili 12-12,4 Å; hidrofobni region na rastojanju od 15,2-15,6 Å od donora vodonične veze kao i prisustvo sternog centra na optimalnom rastojanju od donora i akceptora vodonične veze. Ovi rezultati će imati značaj u odabiru vodećih jedinjenja na kojima će biti moguće vršiti ciljane strukturne modifikacije za dizajniranje novih selektivnih PI3K-α inhibitora kao potencijalnih antineoplastika.

Тема докторске дисертације су имиграционе политике у Европској унији. Предмет истраживања настоји да истражи имиграционе политике у Европској унији између либералног и рестриктивног концепта. Полазна хипотеза у истраживању је да у Европској унији има онолико имиграционих политика колико има држава чланица (уз имиграциону политику бриселске администрације), те да се све имиграционе политике протежу на идеално-типски постављеној скали између либералног и рестриктивног концепта. Дисертација је читав теоријско-методолошки оквир поставила у пет великих посебних хипотеза које треба да верификују полазни хипотетички оквир: демографија, култура/идентитет, економија, социјална политика и сигурност (безбедност). У методолошком смислу биће обављена трострука верификација општег хипотетичког оквира: теоријско-сазнајна, емпиријска и студија случаја (за Европску унију као целину или ентитет-по-себи, и за СР Немачку и Мађарску). У дисертацији ће бити коришћен читав сплет научних метода: из друштвених наука (посматрање, анализа садржаја, метод идеалних типова, развојни метод, упоредни...), политиколошки приступи (институционални, реал-политички), правне технике (догматско-нормативистички приступ, циљно тумачење, статичко тумачење), логичка закључивања (индукција, дедукција, дијалектички приступ). У просторном смислу истраживање захвата 28 држава чланица Европске уније, као и Европску унију као целину (политику бриселске администрације). У временском оквиру истраживање се усредсређује на период од настанка велике мигрантске кризе 2011. године до данас, са значајном анализом развоја миграцијских феномена у европским земљама од Другог светског рата до данас. Актуелност теме, последице које масовне миграције изазивају у усељеничким друштвима, сложеност новонасталих политичких односа унутар саме Европске уније (између Брисела и држава чланица, као и између самих чланица) указују на оправданост теме и њен друштвени значај. Научни домашај истраживања огледао би се у: анализи дејства мигра, The topic of the doctoral dissertation is immigration policies in the European Union. The subject of the research seeks to explore immigration policies in the European Union between a liberal and a restrictive concept. The starting hypothesis of the study is that there are as many immigration policies in the European Union as there are Member States (+ Brussels administration immigration policy), and that all immigration policies extend on an ideally-typed scale between liberal and restrictive concepts. The dissertation has set the completely theoretical and methodological framework into five big specific hypotheses that should verify the starting hypothetical framework: demography, culture / identity, economy, social policy and security (safeness). In a methodological sense, a threefold verification of the General Hypothetical Framework will be carried out: Theoretical - Cognitive, Empirical and Case Study (for the European Union as a whole or entity-by-itself and for the Federal Republic of Germany and Hungary). The dissertation will use the whole set of scientific methods: from social sciences (observation, content analysis, ideal types method, development method, comparative...), political science approaches (institutional, real political), legal techniques (dogmatic - normativistic approach, goal interpretation, static interpretation), logical reasoning (induction, deduction, dialectical approach). In spatial terms, the survey covers 28 Member States of the European Union, as well as the European Union as a whole (Brussels administration policy). Within the timeframe, the research focuses on the period from the onset of the Great Migrant Crisis in 2011 to the present, with a significant analysis of the evolution of migration phenomena in European countries from World War II to the present. Actuality of the topic, the consequences of mass migration in immigrant societies, the complexity of emerging political relations within the European Union itself (between Br

Ova doktorska disertacija bavi se savremenim pojmovnim analizama uzročnosti. U centru njene pažnje nalaze se Luisova (David Lewis) protivčinjenička analiza uzročnosti i Holov (Ned Hall) uzročni pluralizam. Preciznije, u njoj se ispituje mogućnost formulisanja adekvatne pojmovne analize uzročnosti u širem okviru luisovskog projekta (LP), tj. mogućnost formulisanja teorije koja koristi Luisovu protivčinjeničku analizu ili je izgrađena na njenim osnovama. Glavna tvrdnja disertacije je da se pod okriljem LP ne može formulisati kompletna i adekvatna pojmovna analiza uzročnosti. Argument koji nudim u prilog ovoj tezi suštinski zavisi od mog određenja LP kao metodološki hibridnog istraživačkog programa, koji nastoji da u sebe inkorporira sledeće dve karakteristike: izvesne realističke pretpostavke o uzročnoj relaciji, kao i svakodnevne intuicije o prirodi uzročnosti. Ipak, te dve karakteristike stvaraju napetost u samom projektu i dovode do sukobljenih zahteva i kriterijuma koje bi neka data teorija (iz LP) morala da ispuni. U disertaciji nastojim da pokažem da upravo tako opisana tenzija objašnjava i druge brojne probleme s kojima se susreće kako Luisova, tako i Holova pluralistička teorija uzročnosti koja prihvata osnovne pretpostavke LP. Disertaciju počinjem sažetom analizom Raselovog (Bertrand Russell) argumenta protiv uzročnog realizma. Podvlačeći slabosti u Raselovoj argumentaciji, pokušao sam da pokažem kako ta poznata i uticajna kritika ipak nije uspela da spreči ili obeshrabri mnoge savremene teoretičare uzročnosti da budu realisti, makar u nekom skromnom smislu. U drugom delu, okrećem se Luisovoj protivčinjeničkoj teoriji (PT), kao vrlo obećavajućoj reduktivnoj analizi uzročnosti sa umerenim realističkim pretpostavkama (RP). Međutim, originalna verzija PT suočava se sa problemom kasnog predupređivanja, zbog kojeg Luis kasnije u teoriju uvodi pojam kvazizavisnosti. Uvođenje tog pojma ipak ne rešava u potpunosti problem kasnog predupređivanja ali zauzvrat rasvetlja, This doctoral dissertation is concerned with contemporary conceptual analyses of causation. It primarily focuses on Lewis’s counterfactual theories of causation and Hall’s causal pluralism. Specifically, the dissertation investigates the possibility of developing adequate conceptual analysis of causation within (broadly construed) Lewisian project (LP): by using Lewis’s counterfactual analysis or building further upon it. The central claim of the dissertation is that LP cannot succeed in offering a complete and adequate conceptual analysis of causation. The argument I have provided in favour of this claim depends crucially on my account of LP as a methodologically hybrid research programme that aims to incorporate both: certain realistic assumptions about causal relation on the one hand and ordinary linguistic intuitions about causation, on the other. However, these two characteristics create strong tension within the project and lead to conflicting demands and criteria that given theory (from the LP) has to meet. In this dissertation I claim that this internal conflict can also explain further problems that both Lewis’s and Hall’s pluralistic theory of causation (both belonging to LP) face. I begin the dissertation with a brief analysis of Russell’s argument against causal realism. By highlighting the flaws in Russell’s argumentation, I aim to show that such an influential critique still does not deter many of the contemporary causal theorists from being realists, at least, in some modest sense. In the second chapter, I turn to Lewis’s Counterfactual Theory (CT), as the promising reductive analysis of causation with modest realistic assumptions (RA). Nevertheless, the original version of CT has faced the problem of late pre-emption, which led Lewis to introduce the notion of quasi-dependence into the theory. The introduction of quasi-dependence did not solve the problem of late pre-emption, but it has revealed conflicting requirements for the causal relation within

У научној области компаративне политике су од 1980-их присутне дебате о проблемима постконфликтних и подијељених друштава и начина на које та друштва треба институционално изградити. Унутар академског спора се води дебата између консоцијациониста и центрипеталиста око облика државне власти, њенe територијалнe организације и изборног система. Посебна пажња је усмјерена на изборни систем који је препознат као „најмоћнија полуга уставног инжињеринга за друштвену акомодацију у дубоко подијељеним друштвима“ и који представља дио свеобухватног институционалног дизајна. Институционални дизајн постдејтонске Босне и Херцеговине садржи бројне елементе консоцијационизма и усидрен је у академску дебату. Због наглашених елемената консоцијационизма, Босна и Херцеговина представља релевантан случај за тестирање и допуну теоријских пропозиција које произилазе из академског спора а које су везане за посљедице изборног система. У Босни и Херцеговини се користи пропорционални изборни систем који је теоријски и емпиријски споран, јер са једне стране адекватно представља етничке сегменте друштва, док са друге стране пресликава подјеле у институције власти и још више их продубљује. У докторској дисертацији се утврђује утицај изборног система на стабилност политичких институција у постдејтонској Босни и Херцеговини. Узорак Босне и Херцеговине је подијељен на осам случајева, односно осам изборних циклуса који обухватају изборе за државни и ентитетске нивое власти 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014. и пријевремене изборе у Републици Српској 1997. Због истраживачке стратегије која је усмјерена на случај нећемо се базирати само на однос изборног система и стабилности политичких институција већ ћемо због комплексности и конфигуративности случаја утврдити вишеструке узроке који објашњавају исход. Компарацијом осам случајева који варирају у погледу исхода (стабилност/нестабилност политичких институција) утврдићемо који услови доприносе стабилности политичких институција, као и који су ефек, Since 1980s, the scientific field of comparative politics has been the arena for debating on the issues of the post-conflict and divided societies and the ways those societies are to be institutionally built. In this academic dispute the centripetalists and consociationalists are having a debate about the arrangement of the government, territorial organization and the electoral system. The close attention is given to the electoral system which is recognized as “the most powerful leverage of the constitutional engineering for the social accommodation in deeply divided societies” and serves as a part of the comprehensive institutional design. The institutional design of the post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina contains many elements of consociationalism and is anchored in the academic debate. Because of the accentuated elements of consociationalism, Bosnia and Herzegovina serves as a relevant case for testing and building up theoretical propositions which emerge as results of the academic dispute pertaining to the consequences of the electoral system. Bosnia and Herzegovina employs a proportional electoral system which is theoretically and empirically disputable, because,on the one hand it properly represents ethnic segments of the society, whilst on the other hand it portrays divisions in the institutions of power and deepens them even more. The doctoral dissertation identifies the impact of the electoral system on the stability of political institutions in the post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnia and Herzegovina sample is divided into eight cases, that is, eight election cycles involving elections for the state and entity levels of power in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014 and early elections in Republika Srpska in 1997. Since the research strategy is case-oriented, we will not focus solely on the relation between the electoral system and the stability of political institutions, but,because of the complexity and configuration of the case, we will rat

Uvod: Kako ideal fizičkog izgleda nije uvek lako ostvariti prirodnim putem, čak ni pomoću kozmetičkih proizvoda, sve češće se primenjuje ozbiljnija manipulacija kroz hirurške i nehirurške medicinske zahvate. Poslednjih desetak godina, došlo je do drastičnog razvoja neinvazivnih tehnika estetske hirurgije, jer ove intervencije predstavljaju minimalno invazivne procedure, ne zahtevaju mnogo vremena, ne uključuju hirurške procedure, period oporavka je kratak, i osoba može relativno brzo da nastavi sa normalnim aktivnostima. U poslednje vreme, i njihova cena značajno opada. Cilj: Studija se bavi stavovima prema estetskim intervencijama, kao i pitanjem odnosa određenih dimenzija ličnosti i tendencija ka poremećajima ličnosti i tih stavova. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati povezanost prihvatanja estetskih intervencija sa karakternim crtama ličnosti (iz Velikih pet plus dve modela), i tendencijama ka poremećajima ličnosti iz Bekovog modela. Dodatni važan cilj ove studije bio je i validacija Skale prihvatanja estetskih intervencija na srpskom jeziku i u populaciji osoba koje su bile podvrgnute nekoj nehirurškoj estetskoj intervenciji. Materijal i metod: Ova studija je korelaciona, retrospektivno-prospektivna studija preseka. Sprovedena je u Centru za Estetsku medicinu u Beogradu. U istraživanju je učestvovalo ukupno 495 ispitanika, 245 ispitanika oba pola, koji su imali neku nehiruršku, minimalnu invazivnu ili neinvazivnu estetsku intervenciju u poslednjih sedam godina (tretirana grupa), i 250 ispitanika oba pola, koji nisu imali estetsku intervenciju, a koji su činili kontrolnu grupu. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću upitnika o sociodemografskim karakteristikama i zdravstvenom stanju, VP-2-70 skale za merenje dimenzija ličnosti i skraćene skale Personalnih disfunkcionalnih uverenja - PBQ-SF. Rezultati: Skala je pokazala izuzetno visoke vrednosti interne pouzdanosti i validnosti, kao i stabilnost tokom vremena. Trofaktorski model, u okviru tretirane grupe, objašnjava ukupno 6, Introduction: As the ideal of physical appearance is not always easily achieved naturally, not even by means of cosmetic products, surgical and non-surgical medical procedures are becoming employed more and more often. In the last decade, non-invasive methods of aesthetic surgery has dramatically developed since these procedures are minimally invasive, not timeconsuming, do not require surgical procedures, recovery time is short, and the individual can quite soon continue with their everyday activities. Moreover, their price has been considerably decreasing lately. Aim: The study examines attitudes towards aesthetic interventions, as well as the relations between these attitudes and certain personality dimensions and tendencies for personality disorders. The aim of this research was to investigate the connection between the acceptance of these aesthetic interventions and personality traits (the Big Five plus two personality traits), and tendencies for personality disorders included in Beck’s model. The subsidiary aim was to validate the Serbian version of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale in the population of individuals who had undergone a non-invasive aesthetic intervention. Material and method(s): This is a correlation, retrospective-prospective, cross-sectional study. It was conducted at the Aesthetic Medical Centre in Belgrade. The study recruited 495 subjects in total, out of which 245 had undergone some non-surgical, minimally invasive or noninvasive aesthetic intervention in the course of the last seven years (the treatment group), and 250 subjects who had not had any aesthetic intervention (the control group). The data were collected via a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and health condition of the subjects, the VP+2–70 scale for measuring personality dimensions and the Personality Belief Questionnaire – Short Form (PBQ-SF). Results: The scale has shown good values for internal consistency, validity and reliability over time. A thre

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the endocrine neoplasm that occurs the most often worldwide, and its molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Redox status is recognized as an important factor of carcinogenesis, but its influence on the PTC's clinical course needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this research was to determine the tissue redox status of 65 PTC and 45 colloid goiter (CG) patients together with antioxidative cofactor metal profiling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used to access the prooxidation level, while antioxidant mechanisms were estimated by assaying the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The antioxidative cofactor metals included quantification of Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration. PTC tissues had normal prooxidation levels and increased GPx and GR activity. The activity of SOD has been significantly reduced in multicentric PTC dissemination and increased in smokers. SOD activity was directly dependent on MDA levels in CG tissues. CG patients with retrosternal goiter had reduced MDA concentration and SOD activity. Numerous correlations between redox parameters in PTC tissues reveal good co-activation of antioxidative mechanisms and cooperative response on prooxidation. PTC tissues had decreased Se levels and increased concentration of Cu and Mn in comparison to other tissues. MDA concentration and SOD activity were significant predictors of PTC's multicentric dissemination and for the existence of lymph node metastases, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of Cu predicted the retrosternal localization in CG patients. Significant findings presented in this study provide a possibility for development of novel prognostic molecular biomarkers of PTC and CG.

Background/Aim. O,O'-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamineN,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate dihydrochloride (DE-EDCP) has been found to possess promising cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines. Also, DE-EDCP reduces tumor progression by several mechanisms such as triggering tumor cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation. The aim of present study was to further evaluate antitumor activity of DE-EDCP by investigating effects on migratory potential of tumor cells and anti-tumor immune response. Methods. Migratory potential of DE-EDCP was evaluated by scratch wound assay. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells and treatment with DE-EDCP started five days following orthotopic tumor implantation. The frequency and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results. DE-EDCP inhibited migratory potential of highly metastatic 4T1 cells. DE-EDCP facilitated accumulation of CD3+CD49+ NKT cells and CD3-CD49+ NK cells in tumor microenvironment. DE-EDCP treatment led to significant decrement of tumor infiltrating anergic NKT cells expressing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG-1) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). Mice given DE-EDCP had significantly increased percentages of tumoricidal fas ligand (FasL) positive NK cells. Conclusion. DE-EDCP inhibits murine breast cancer progression through direct effects on tumor cells and by facilitating anti-tumor immunity. DE-EDCP enhances accumulation, promotes tumoricidal phenotype and maintenances responsiveness of NK and NKT cells in 4T1 murine breast cancer.

Background/Aim. O,O'-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamineN,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate dihydrochloride (DE-EDCP) has been found to possess promising cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines. Also, DE-EDCP reduces tumor progression by several mechanisms such as triggering tumor cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation. The aim of present study was to further evaluate antitumor activity of DE-EDCP by investigating effects on migratory potential of tumor cells and anti-tumor immune response. Methods. Migratory potential of DE-EDCP was evaluated by scratch wound assay. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells and treatment with DE-EDCP started five days following orthotopic tumor implantation. The frequency and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results. DE-EDCP inhibited migratory potential of highly metastatic 4T1 cells. DE-EDCP facilitated accumulation of CD3+CD49+ NKT cells and CD3-CD49+ NK cells in tumor microenvironment. DE-EDCP treatment led to significant decrement of tumor infiltrating anergic NKT cells expressing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG-1) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). Mice given DE-EDCP had significantly increased percentages of tumoricidal fas ligand (FasL) positive NK cells. Conclusion. DE-EDCP inhibits murine breast cancer progression through direct effects on tumor cells and by facilitating anti-tumor immunity. DE-EDCP enhances accumulation, promotes tumoricidal phenotype and maintenances responsiveness of NK and NKT cells in 4T1 murine breast cancer.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the endocrine neoplasm that occurs the most often worldwide, and its molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Redox status is recognized as an important factor of carcinogenesis, but its influence on the PTC's clinical course needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this research was to determine the tissue redox status of 65 PTC and 45 colloid goiter (CG) patients together with antioxidative cofactor metal profiling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used to access the prooxidation level, while antioxidant mechanisms were estimated by assaying the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The antioxidative cofactor metals included quantification of Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration. PTC tissues had normal prooxidation levels and increased GPx and GR activity. The activity of SOD has been significantly reduced in multicentric PTC dissemination and increased in smokers. SOD activity was directly dependent on MDA levels in CG tissues. CG patients with retrosternal goiter had reduced MDA concentration and SOD activity. Numerous correlations between redox parameters in PTC tissues reveal good co-activation of antioxidative mechanisms and cooperative response on prooxidation. PTC tissues had decreased Se levels and increased concentration of Cu and Mn in comparison to other tissues. MDA concentration and SOD activity were significant predictors of PTC's multicentric dissemination and for the existence of lymph node metastases, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of Cu predicted the retrosternal localization in CG patients. Significant findings presented in this study provide a possibility for development of novel prognostic molecular biomarkers of PTC and CG.

Recent research in the material science field is focused on the easy-to-apply and cost-effective production of the structural components with enhanced mechanical properties. As an answer to these new trends in the present study, the inexpensive household aluminum foils are used to produce the multilayer aluminum matrix composite. The aluminum matrix composites are manufactured by hot-rolling of the sandwiched foils and afterward subjected to microstructural characterization and mechanical testing. Analysis of the produced composite microstructure and fracture surface obtained after tensile testing was performed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The qualitative fractographic analysis revealed that the ductile fracture features prevail in the overall fracture mode of the investigated multilayer composite, while the quantitative fractographic investigation allowed more detailed insight into the composite failure process and depicted critical parameters that led to the composite failure.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the endocrine neoplasm that occurs the most often worldwide, and its molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Redox status is recognized as an important factor of carcinogenesis, but its influence on the PTC's clinical course needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this research was to determine the tissue redox status of 65 PTC and 45 colloid goiter (CG) patients together with antioxidative cofactor metal profiling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used to access the prooxidation level, while antioxidant mechanisms were estimated by assaying the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The antioxidative cofactor metals included quantification of Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration. PTC tissues had normal prooxidation levels and increased GPx and GR activity. The activity of SOD has been significantly reduced in multicentric PTC dissemination and increased in smokers. SOD activity was directly dependent on MDA levels in CG tissues. CG patients with retrosternal goiter had reduced MDA concentration and SOD activity. Numerous correlations between redox parameters in PTC tissues reveal good co-activation of antioxidative mechanisms and cooperative response on prooxidation. PTC tissues had decreased Se levels and increased concentration of Cu and Mn in comparison to other tissues. MDA concentration and SOD activity were significant predictors of PTC's multicentric dissemination and for the existence of lymph node metastases, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of Cu predicted the retrosternal localization in CG patients. Significant findings presented in this study provide a possibility for development of novel prognostic molecular biomarkers of PTC and CG.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the endocrine neoplasm that occurs the most often worldwide, and its molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Redox status is recognized as an important factor of carcinogenesis, but its influence on the PTC's clinical course needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this research was to determine the tissue redox status of 65 PTC and 45 colloid goiter (CG) patients together with antioxidative cofactor metal profiling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used to access the prooxidation level, while antioxidant mechanisms were estimated by assaying the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The antioxidative cofactor metals included quantification of Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration. PTC tissues had normal prooxidation levels and increased GPx and GR activity. The activity of SOD has been significantly reduced in multicentric PTC dissemination and increased in smokers. SOD activity was directly dependent on MDA levels in CG tissues. CG patients with retrosternal goiter had reduced MDA concentration and SOD activity. Numerous correlations between redox parameters in PTC tissues reveal good co-activation of antioxidative mechanisms and cooperative response on prooxidation. PTC tissues had decreased Se levels and increased concentration of Cu and Mn in comparison to other tissues. MDA concentration and SOD activity were significant predictors of PTC's multicentric dissemination and for the existence of lymph node metastases, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of Cu predicted the retrosternal localization in CG patients. Significant findings presented in this study provide a possibility for development of novel prognostic molecular biomarkers of PTC and CG.

Background/Aim. O,O'-diethyl-(S,S)-ethylenediamineN,N'-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl)propanoate dihydrochloride (DE-EDCP) has been found to possess promising cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines. Also, DE-EDCP reduces tumor progression by several mechanisms such as triggering tumor cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation. The aim of present study was to further evaluate antitumor activity of DE-EDCP by investigating effects on migratory potential of tumor cells and anti-tumor immune response. Methods. Migratory potential of DE-EDCP was evaluated by scratch wound assay. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells and treatment with DE-EDCP started five days following orthotopic tumor implantation. The frequency and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results. DE-EDCP inhibited migratory potential of highly metastatic 4T1 cells. DE-EDCP facilitated accumulation of CD3+CD49+ NKT cells and CD3-CD49+ NK cells in tumor microenvironment. DE-EDCP treatment led to significant decrement of tumor infiltrating anergic NKT cells expressing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG-1) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). Mice given DE-EDCP had significantly increased percentages of tumoricidal fas ligand (FasL) positive NK cells. Conclusion. DE-EDCP inhibits murine breast cancer progression through direct effects on tumor cells and by facilitating anti-tumor immunity. DE-EDCP enhances accumulation, promotes tumoricidal phenotype and maintenances responsiveness of NK and NKT cells in 4T1 murine breast cancer.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the endocrine neoplasm that occurs the most often worldwide, and its molecular pathophysiology is still not well characterized. Redox status is recognized as an important factor of carcinogenesis, but its influence on the PTC's clinical course needs to be better elucidated. The aim of this research was to determine the tissue redox status of 65 PTC and 45 colloid goiter (CG) patients together with antioxidative cofactor metal profiling. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used to access the prooxidation level, while antioxidant mechanisms were estimated by assaying the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). The antioxidative cofactor metals included quantification of Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentration. PTC tissues had normal prooxidation levels and increased GPx and GR activity. The activity of SOD has been significantly reduced in multicentric PTC dissemination and increased in smokers. SOD activity was directly dependent on MDA levels in CG tissues. CG patients with retrosternal goiter had reduced MDA concentration and SOD activity. Numerous correlations between redox parameters in PTC tissues reveal good co-activation of antioxidative mechanisms and cooperative response on prooxidation. PTC tissues had decreased Se levels and increased concentration of Cu and Mn in comparison to other tissues. MDA concentration and SOD activity were significant predictors of PTC's multicentric dissemination and for the existence of lymph node metastases, respectively. Particularly, the concentration of Cu predicted the retrosternal localization in CG patients. Significant findings presented in this study provide a possibility for development of novel prognostic molecular biomarkers of PTC and CG.

Recent research in the material science field is focused on the easy-to-apply and cost-effective production of the structural components with enhanced mechanical properties. As an answer to these new trends in the present study, the inexpensive household aluminum foils are used to produce the multilayer aluminum matrix composite. The aluminum matrix composites are manufactured by hot-rolling of the sandwiched foils and afterward subjected to microstructural characterization and mechanical testing. Analysis of the produced composite microstructure and fracture surface obtained after tensile testing was performed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The qualitative fractographic analysis revealed that the ductile fracture features prevail in the overall fracture mode of the investigated multilayer composite, while the quantitative fractographic investigation allowed more detailed insight into the composite failure process and depicted critical parameters that led to the composite failure.

The microstructure variation and oxidation behavior of a hot-rolled and quenched Ti-24Al-11Nb (at%) intermetallic alloy with and without protective Ni-20Cr (at%) coating were studied in the air at a cyclic annealing temperature of 600 °C and 900 °C. The phase transformations monitored up to 120 h of alloy oxidation and oxidation products were examined using different experimental techniques. The oxidation kinetics was determined by recording the mass gain vs. time data and oxidation activation energy was evaluated. It was found that the annealing temperature and deposited coating significantly affect the scale formation and growth. The alloy showed better oxidation resistance at 600 °C, irrespective of the protective coating application. The higher temperature promoted the formation of thicker and multi-layered scale predominantly composed of Nb-doped TiO2 and Al2O3 oxides, which cracked and spalled causing oxidation rate for an order of magnitude higher than that at 600 °C. The presence of AlN decelerated the oxide scale growth, which obeyed a parabolic rate law. It was also noted that a two-phase α2+β microstructure changed to a greater extent. With increasing temperature, the α2→β phase transformation occurred more intensive and new α2′′ and O-Ti2AlNb phase appeared. The Ni-20Cr coating reduced the oxidation rate at both temperatures and improved the scale-spallation resistance. The compact Cr2O3 layer formed on the coated alloy led to the preferential Al2O3 formation, increasing its amount in mixture with Nb-enriched TiO2 oxide. Thin TiN layer detected beneath the oxide scale also supported the formation of slow-growing Al2O3, leading to a decrease in the oxidation rate. The external scale suppression contributed to the greater diffusion zone enrichment, resulting in the faster O-Ti2AlNb formation. The experimentally observed O-Ti2AlNb formation was confirmed by ab initio modeling. Furthermore, additional structures were predicted and studied using first-princip

Povrede perifernih nerava imaju veliki socioekonomski značaj jer obično pogađaju najreproduktivniju populaciju, životne dobi između 20 i 50 godina, a dovode do značajnog smanjenja radne sposobnosti, kao i do redukcije mogućnosti učestvovanja i uživanja u svakodnevnim životnim aktivnostima..., Injuries of the peripheral nerves have got great socioeconomic significance, as they usually affect most productive population, ages 20 to 50 years, lead to significant reduction in working ability, as well as to the reduction of capability for participation and enjoument in everyday life activities...

A severely damaged low carbon steel boiler tube was the object of this investigation. Detailed microstructural characterization was performed by optical microscopy, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied only in a few cases. Results show that a variety of microstructures was formed in the material of the damaged boiler tube during its exploitation. The failure of the tube is the result of very inhomogeneous overheating. The side of the boiler tube toward fire (F) was exposed to high overheating temperature, which in some locations was well above the A3 transformation temperature. The side toward boiler (BL) was subjected to lower temperatures, i.e. in the region mostly between A1 and A3 temperatures. Variations in temperatures and cooling rates, which resulted in microstructural inhomogeneity, are the main cause for the formation and multiplication of stresses leading to the rupture of the tube. © 2019, Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia. All rights reserved.

The knowledge from external sources has been recognized as critical for improving the capabilities of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to be competitive on the global market. The aim of this paper is to explore main factors which affect SMEs' choice of a dominant source for acquiring information and the knowledge about standards. The questionnaire survey research method was used to seek the response from representatives of 130 SMEs operating in Serbia. Our findings indicate four sources-relevant websites, services of consultants, inputs of customers as well as information received from business partners. Our results showed that larger SMEs, with a longer tradition in business, will have more chances to use Websites as a primary source for gaining knowledge about standards. Domestic SMEs shape their decisions to hire consultants predominantly because of a negative perception of standards. The usage of customer inputs as a dominant source for gaining information and transfer of knowledge about standards are influenced by SMEs' experience in business and negative perception of the benefits of standards. In the digital era, SMEs still suffer from a lack of resources or capabilities to use the Web and the Internet for acquiring information and knowledge about standards in the digital era.

Uvod/Cilj Smrzotine su povrede nastale smrzavanjem intraćelijske i ekstraćelijske tečnosti koje dovodi do tromboze i ishemijske nekroze. Iako se lični, socioekonomski faktori, kao i faktori sredine smatraju važnim determinantama ljudskog zdravlja generalno, njihov uticaj na smrzotine u velikoj meri je još uvek nepoznat. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispita uticaj ovih faktora na nastanak smrzotina u Beogradu (Srbija). Metode U ovoj studiji je učestvovalo ukupno 24 bolesnika hospitalizovana i lečena na Klinici za opekotine, plastičnu i rekonstruktivnu hirurgiju Kliničkog centra Srbije, u periodu između 2008. i 2017. godine. Rezultati Većina bolesnika (88%) bili su muškarci, 58% bolesnika bili su dugogodišnji alkoholičari, 46% bolesnika bili su dugogodišnji pušači i jedan bolesnik je bio zavisnik od droge. Četrnaest (58%) bolesnika nije imalo prihode i zavisilo je od podrške države, 10 (42%) bolesnika su bili fizički ili poljoprivredni radnici i tri (13%) bolesnika su bila beskućnici. Od 24 ispitivana bolesnika duboke smrzotine je imalo 18 (75%) njih, od kojih je 17 (70,8%) operisano. Najveći broj bolesnika (42%) zadobio je smrzotine kada je temperatura vazduha bila između -5°C i 0°C. Zaključak Rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazali su da individualni faktori, socijalni faktori, kao i faktori sredine predstavljaju važne determinante kod nastanka smrzotina. Naši rezultati doprineće postojećim dokazima o faktorima rizika koji se odnose na smrzotine i omogućiće poređenja u zemljama u kojima su ovi faktori ispitivani., Introduction/Objective Frostbite is a cold-induced injury of the tissue caused by the freezing of intraand extracellular water, and characterized by thrombosis and ischemic necrosis. Although individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors are all considered fundamental determinants of human health in general, their role in the occurrence of frostbite remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations among these factors and frostbite for patients in Belgrade, Serbia. Methods We investigated a total of 24 patients that were hospitalized and treated for frostbites at the Clinic for Burns, Plastic, and Reconstructive surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 2008-2017. Results The majority (88%) of the patients were male, 58% were long-term alcohol consumers, 46% were long-term smokers, and one patient was drug addict. Of the patients, 14 (58%) had no income and depended on government support, 10 (42%) were employed in physical labor or work on the field, and three (13%) of the patients were homeless. Of the 24 frostbite patients identified, deep frostbite accounted for 18 (75%), of whom 17 (70.8%) had an operative outcome. A majority of patients (42%) sustained frostbite when the temperature was in the range of -5-0°C on the date of occurrence. Conclusion The results of our study showed that individual, social, and environmental factors were important determinants of frostbite. Our results will contribute to existing evidence for risk factors related to frostbite and will allow for comparisons across countries where these factors have been examined.

A severely damaged low carbon steel boiler tube was the object of this investigation. Detailed microstructural characterization was performed by optical microscopy, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied only in a few cases. Results show that a variety of microstructures was formed in the material of the damaged boiler tube during its exploitation. The failure of the tube is the result of very inhomogeneous overheating. The side of the boiler tube toward fire (F) was exposed to high overheating temperature, which in some locations was well above the A3 transformation temperature. The side toward boiler (BL) was subjected to lower temperatures, i.e. in the region mostly between A1 and A3 temperatures. Variations in temperatures and cooling rates, which resulted in microstructural inhomogeneity, are the main cause for the formation and multiplication of stresses leading to the rupture of the tube. © 2019, Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia. All rights reserved.

Kolorektalni karcinom (engl. Colorecral carcinoma- CRC) je jedan od najučestalijih karcinoma na svetu. CRC se često dijagnostikuje u uznapredovalim stadijumima sa lošom prognozom, ukazujući na potrebu za novim dijagnostičkim i prognostičkim markerima. Cilj studije bio je da se ispita povezanost vrednosti citokina u serumu i fecesu sa stadijumom bolesti i kliničko-patološkim karakteristikama, kod pacijenata sa kolorektalnim karcinomom. Detektovana je značajno veća fecesna koncentracija Gal-3 kod pacijenata sa CRC-om sa većom nuklearnim gradusom, slabom diferencijacijom tumorskog tkiva, većim TNM stadijumom i metastatskom bolešću, dok je predominacija Gal-3 nad proinflamacijskim citokinima zabeležena kod pacijenata sa uznapredovalim TNM stadijumom i metastatskom bolesti. Fecesni Gal-3 pozitivno korelira s težinom bolesti (veći TNM stadijum, veći nuklearni gradus i slaba diferencijacija tumorskog tkiva) i progresijom (prisustvo metastaza u plućima/jetri ili peritonealne karcinomatoze) i sistemskih biomarkera AFP i CEA. Ovi nalazi ukazuju na Gal 3 kao potencijalni marker težine i progresije CRC-a. Takođe je pokazana povećana koncentracija Gal-1 u fecesu pacijenata sa CRC-om i većim nuklearnim gradusom i slabom diferencijacijom tumorskog tkiva, dok je predominacija Gal-1 u odnosu na proinflamacijske citokine detektovana kod pacijenata sa uznapredovaim TNM stadijumom i metastatskom bolešću. Predominacija Gal-1 i Gal-3 u odnosu na proinflamacijske citokine, kod ispitanika sa naprednom i progresivnom bolešću, može ukazati na imunomodulatornu ulogu galektina u ograničavanju kontinuiranih proinflamacijskih procesa i sprečavanju snažnog antitumorskog imunskog odgovora. Fekalne vrednosti Gal-1 i Gal-3 mogu se koristiti kao značajan marker za težinu i progresiju CRC-a. Ovi nalazi ukazuju da Gal-1 i Gal-3 mogu doprineti imunološkoj privilegiji tumora modulacijom lokalnog imunskog odgovora i ukazuju na njihovu potencijalnu upotrebu kao terapeutskih meta., Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide. CRC is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognosis, indicating on need for new diagnostic and prognostic markers. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the level of cytokines in serum and faeces with the stage of the disease and the clinical and pathological characteristics in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Significantly higher fecal Gal-3 was observed in patients with CRC with higher nuclear grade, poor tumor differentiation, higher TNM stage and metastatic disease, while Gal-3 predominance over proinflammatory cytokines was observed in patients with advanced TNM and metastatic diseases. Fecal Gal-3 positively correlates with the severity of the disease (higher TNM stage, higher nuclear grade and poor tumor tissue differentiation) and progression (presence of lung/liver metastatsis or peritoneal carcinomatosis) and systemic biomarkers AFP and CEA. These findings indicate Gal 3 as a potential marker of the severity and progression of CRC. An increased Gal-1 concentration in feces of patients with CRC and a higher nuclear grade and a poorly differentiated tumor tissue was observed, while Gal-1 prevalence over proinflammatory cytokines was detected in patients with advanced TNM and metastatic disease. The prevalence of Gal-1 and Gal-3 over proinflammatory cytokines, in subjects with advanced and progressive disease, may indicate the immunomodulatory role of galectins in limiting ongoing proinflammatory processes and thus preventing a strong antitumor immune response. The fecal values of Gal-1 and Gal-3 can be used as a significant marker for severity and progression of the CRC. These findings indicate that Gal-1 and Gal-3 can contribute to the immune privileges of the tumor by modulating the local immune response and point to their potential use as therapeutic targets.

Све донедавно, уопште у политикологији није обраћана пажња на узроке и последице феномена који се искључиво везују за федерације у виду типичних федералистичких криза. Један од таквих узрока је пребацивање одговорности у вођењу политике између центра и федералних јединица, а последица биланс федералних јавних финансија (пре свега у домену јавног дуга). Појава оваквих криза коинцидира са појавом елемената кооперативног федерализма, чија је кулминација била половином ХХ века. Можемо слободно рећи да су кризе овог типа par excellence негативне и уникатне последице кооперативног федерализма. Предмет истраживања у овој дисертацији је била веза између федералног државног уређења и пребацивања финансијског терета услед великог субфедералног јавног дуга, како хоризонтално (са једне федералне јединице на другу) тако и вертикално (са федералних јединица на федерални центар), односно истраживачко питање – због чега су федералне јединице у свакој демократској федерацији на свету, осим у Швајцарској, водиле неодговорну политику јавног дуга и потом пребацивале негативне ефекте својих одлука на централну власт/федерални ниво, односно на остале федералне јединице које су водиле јавне финасније на одговоран начин у свом домену? Показало се да је Швајцарска изузетак од свих осталих федерација, захваљујући историјском сплету специфичних институција које су непланирано имале ефекте у правцу одговорне субфедералне политике дуга, и које се због ове историјске контингенције, не могу нигде другде у свету поновити правним или политичким инжињерингом., Until recently, the appropriate attention has not been dedicated in political science to the causes and effects of phenomena exclusively tied to the federations in the form of typical federalist crises. One of such causes is the shifting of political responsibility between the federal center and federal units, while the effect is the balance of federal public finances (especially the moment of groos government debt). The emergence of such crisis coincides with the emergence of some elements of cooperative federalism, whose culmination ensued during the half of the 20th century. We can feely say that all crisis of this kind are par excellence negative and unique consequences of cooperative federalism. The subject of our inquiry in this dissertation was the link between federalism and shifting of financial burden due to the enlarged sub-federal public debt, both horizontally (from one federal unit to another) and vertically (from federal units to federal center), i.e. the problem statement – why have all the federal units in any democratic federation in the world, except in Switzerland, conducted the irresponsible policy of their public debt in order to shift afterwards the negative effects of such policy to the federal/central level or to other federal units who had previously opted for sound public finances in their domains? It became obvious that only Switzerland is the exception, due to the historical knot of specific institutions, which had the unplanned effects in the form of sound sub-federal debt management policies, the effects which, because of this unique historical swiss contingency, cannot be repeated anywhere in the world via legal or political means.

Данас живимо у национално хетерогеним заједницама. Веома су ретке државе са моноетничком структуром. Ратови, поделе држава, промене граница, миграције произвели су велики број националних мањина у готово свим држа- вама. Угрожавање њиховог идентитета, покушаји асимилације, чак и геноцида захтевали су заштиту њихових права. Генеза међународног права и међународних организација је и генеза стандарда за поштовање права националних мањина. Ката- лог тих права у добро уређеним демократским друштвима данас је садржан у уста- вима и разрађен низом закона. Правни оквир је само претпоставка за остваривање права на равноправност националних мањина. Парламентарна репрезентација је један од механизама који обезбеђује партиципацију националних мањина у управљању јавним пословима. Основно истраживачко питање дисертације је којим се механизмима обезбеђује парламентарна реперезанација и како она до- приноси остваривању права националних мањина. Представљање идентитета посебан је феномен дескриптивне демократије којег прате бројне контроверзе. Дизајнерима изборног система на располагању стоје различити изборни модели – већински, пропорционални, мешовити – и низ модалитета у појединим елемен- тима – изборна јединица, начин гласања, тип изборне листе, висина изборног пра- га, квоте, резервисан места – којима се може обезбедити заступљеност мањина у представничким телима. Нема универзалног правила који од изборних система и наведених модалитета је најправеднији и најфункционалнијих за постизање циља. Дисертација истражује различите изборне механизме који се користе за парламентарну реперезентацију у узорку од 43 државе. Узорак чине етаблиране и нове, младе демократије, економски развијене и сиромашне земље, велике по броју становника и територији и мале по оба критеријума, оне које имају мали и велики број мањина, са историјом сукоба у које су изборни аранжмани успостављани као део мировног процеса, као и оне које су процесом демократизације интегрисале мањине и слично. Анализиране су, Today we live in nationally heterogeneous societies. States with monoethnic structure are very rare. Wars, collapse of states, changes of state borders and great number of refugees and migrants have changed ethnic structures of numerous states and produced minority groups in numerous countries. Lack of full respect of their identity, attempts of assimilation or, even, genocide, required development of special measures to protect minority rights. Development of the international law and establishment of international organizations can be regarded as the development of the concept of the protection of minority rights as well. It is usual to have catalogue of guaranteed minority rights as integral part of constitution and number of laws in developed democratic countries. Legal framework is only a precondition for implementation of minority rights, e.g. right to be treated equally. Parliamentary representation is one of key mechanisms to achieve political participation of national minorities in managing public aff airs. Crucial research question of the dissertation is what mechanisms can help achieve parliamentary representation and in which ways does it contribute to full implementation of minority rights. Representation of diff erent identities, national identity included, is interesting phenomenon of descriptive democracy, and it is surrounded by much controversy. Designers of electoral systems can choose between diff erent electoral models – majority, proportional, mixed systems – as well as numerous elements in certain aspects of systems – districts and constituencies, modalities of voting, types of ballots and lists, electoral threshold, reserved seats – in order to ensure minority representation in parliaments. Th ere is no universal rule on what electoral system is most fair and most functional when it comes to achieving that goal. Dissertation analyzes diff erent electoral models used to achieve parliamentary representation in 43 states. States that are include

Концепт модерног управљања људским ресурсима у јавној администрацији је настао копирањем модела управљања људским ресурсима из реалног сектора. Модерно управљање људским ресурсима обезбеђује да јавна управа запосли и задржи квалификовано, посвећено и добро мотивисано особље односно систематски привлачи, користи и развија кадрове ради остваривања циљева организације. У неколико задњих година систем модерног управљања људским ресурсима се примењује и у државној управи Републике Србије и добија посебан замах кроз документе системске природе којим држава дефинише смернице за даљи развој јавне управе. Тачније, држава постаје свесна да реформе у бројним секторима неће моћи да спроведе са позитивним ефектима ако не реформише јавну управу. За тај реформски правац одабран је модел управљања људским ресурсима као најподеснији, али и као једaн од критеријума за оцену испуњености услова за реализацију интеграционих процеса у оквиру Европске уније. Управо увођење и примене тог концепта у јавној управи Србије предмет је овог рада. Иако се ради о суштински новом концепту, многе од функција и елементи управљања примењивани су и раније у државној управи Републике Србије. Неке од њих су добро развијене, док неке функције постоје само на нормативном плану, али не и у пракси, а поједине од функција нису инкорпориране ни примењиване у систему рада јавне управе. У овом раду се тај процес реформи јавне управе на моделу управљања људским ресурсима систематски истражује. У овом раду истраживаће се како се теоријски модел схвата и правно обликује, однoсно организационо дизајнира и да ли друштво то подржава, да ли препознаје ефекте као процес који води до добре управе. Посебни аспекти биће посвећени анализи система кадровских јединица, али и синдикалног организовања у јавној управи. На та два чиниоцa ће се анализирати концепт управљања људским ресурсима упоређујући га са применом у предузећима и другим организацијама у контексту заштите права запослених у специфичној сфери у којој је држава п, The concept of modern human resource management in the public administration has been created by copying the model of human resource management in the real sector. Modern human resources management ensures that public adinistration employs and maintains qualified, committed and well-motivated staff and systematically attracts, uses and develops staff to achieve the objectives of the organization. In recent years, a system of modern human resource management has been applied in the state administration of the Republic of Serbia and has been developed through strategic documents by which the state defines guidelines for the development of public administration. More precisely, the state becomes aware that reforms in many sectors would not be implemented with positive effects if it does not reform the public administration. For this reform direction, the model of human resource management was selected as the most suitable one, but also as one of the criteria for assessing the fulfillment of conditions for the implementation of integration processes within the European Union. The introduction and implementation of this concept in the public administration of Serbia is the subject of this paper. Although this is a fundamentally new concept, many of the functions and elements of governance were applied earlier in the state administration of the Republic of Serbia. Some of them are well developed, while some functions exist only on a normative basis, but not in practice, and some of the functions are not incorporated or applied in the public administration system In this paper, this process of public administration reform based on the human resources management model is being systematically investigated. This paper examines how the theoretical model is shaved and legally shaped, as well as organized and whether the society supports it and recognizes the effects as a process leading to good governance. Specific aspects will be devoted to the analysis of system personnel uni

Вокални нодули, полипи и едеми су најчешћи псеудотуморски израштаји галсница...

Uvod. Savremeno doba je obeležilo razvoj tehnika uzimanja i transplantacije autolognog masnog tkiva u svrhu rekonstrukcija meko-tkivnih defekata sa jedne strane, a sa druge strane javila se potreba za istraživanjem njegovih regenerativnih potencijala. Masno tkivo kao jedan od najvećih endokrinih organa u ljudskom organizmu, reguliše brojne metaboličke procese, ne samo masti već i drugih endokrinih sistema. U njegovim sekretornim aktivnostima učestvuju, naizgled, jednostavna masna ćelija i njegov ćelijski bogat ekstracelularni matriks. Povećana zainteresovanost brojnih istraživača se pojavila nakon izdvajanja mezenhimnih matičnih ćelija iz frakcije vaskularne strome masnog tkiva. Međutim, obezbediti sigurno preživljavanje autolognog masnog tkiva je veliki zadatak savremenih istraživača. Sam proces preživljavanja adipocita ili diferencijacija progenitorskih ćelija adipocita u druge ćeliske linije i dalje je kontraverzno pitanje. Prednost korišćenja masnog tkiva je u njegovoj dostupnosti u većim količinama, potencijalno lakoj implementaciji u pojedine delove tela, biološke kompatibilnosti, niskog antigenog potencijala i minimalnog donorskog morbiditeta. Ciljevi istraživanja. Naš cilj je bio da ispitamo preoperativne i postoperativne morfološke i volumetrijske karakteristike transplantiranog masnog tkiva recipijentnog tkiva potkolenice magnetnom rezonancom. U cilju utvrđivanja morfoloških i funkcionalnih ćeliskih promena radili smo histološka i imunohistohemijaska ispitivanja masnog tkiva subkutano aspirirane masti iz donorskog i recipijentnog regiona. Materijal i metod. Studija je obuhvatila 67 ispitanika ženskog pola starosti između 20 i 58 godina sa hipoplazijom potkolenice Tip III - posteriorna hipoplazija sa slabo razvijenim m.gastrocnemis-om i m. soleus-om. Ispitanike smo, pre operacije i jedan, tri i šest meseci posle operacije, fotografisali i antropološki merili: telesnu masu, indeks telesne mase, obime pojedinih delova potkolenica. Takođe, pre operativno i šes, The contemporary era is hallmarked by development of techniques of harvesting and transplantation of autologous fat tissue aimed at reconstruction of soft tissue defects, but at the same time this also raised the need of further research of its regenerative potentials. As one of the biggest endocrine systems in the human body, fat tissue regulates numerous metabolic processes, not only of fats but also of other endocrine processes. Seemingly simple fat cell and its rich extracellular matrix participate in a number of secretory activities however there was an increased interest of many researchers after extraction of mesenchymal stem cells from the vascular stroma of the fat tissue. But, providing a certain survival of autologous fat tissue remained a great challenge of a contemporary researcher. The very process of adipocytes survival, or differentiation of progenitor adipocyte cells into other cell lines is still a controversial issue nevertheless the advantages of using a fat tissue are numerous because of its accessibility, potentially easy implementation in various body parts, biological compatibility, low antigen potential and minimal donor’s morbidity. Aims. Our goal was to explore preoperative and postoperative morphological and volumetric characteristics of transplanted fat tissue in recipient region of the lower leg, by MRI. In order to determine morphological and functional cell alterations we used histological and immunochemical analysis of the subcutaneously aspirated fat tissue from both donor’s and recipient’s region. Material and method. The study included 67 subjects, all female with hypoplasia of lower leg type III – posterior hypoplasia with underdeveloped m.gastrocnemis and m. soleus - aged between 20 and 58 years. All patients were photographed and anthropologically measured before the surgery, and one, three and six months after the surgery, namely: body mass, BMI, circumferences of lower legs in various sections. Also, before the surgery and si

Tenth elections for the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia since the reestablishment of a multiparty system were held on March 16th, 2014, under a proportional electoral system. Electoral model essentially established in 2000 also included a single electoral district, closed party lists, five percent electoral threshold for non-minority parties and a use of D'Hondt formula for distribution of seats. Most important results of the March elections include: the lowest voter turnout and close to half of the votes won by the Serbian Progressive Party (which, in turn, gave them 63% of parliament members). Moreover, more than 80 percent of the seats was won by lists led by governing parties, i. e. Progressive or Socialist party. Elections were also not just a disaster for Democratic party, but also for Democratic Party of Serbia, Liberal Democratic Party, and United Regions of Serbia, which all lost seats in the National Assembly. Traditional success of the minority parties of most numerous national minorities (i.e. Hungarians, Bosniaks and Albanians) was noted. Also, for the first time, the parliament will convene without so-called sovereignists and opponents of European integration process. Finally, March elections were marked by a large number of squandered votes., Deseti izbori za Narodnu skupštinu Republike Srbije od ponovnog uspostavljanja višestranačja, 16 marta. 2014. godine, održani su po proporcionalnom izbornom sistemu, sa jednom izbornom jedinicom, zatvorenom blokiranom listom, petoprocentnim zakonskim izbornim pragom i D'Ontovom formulom za raspodelu mandata, modelu koji je suštinski uspostavljen 2000. godine. Najmanja izlaznost birača na birališta, gotovo natpolovičan broj osvojenih glasova i više od 63% osvojenih mandata liste Srpske napredne stranke, više od četiri petine poslaničkih mesta za liste koju se predvodile vladine stranke, naprednjaci i socijalisti, krah DS-a, gubitak parlamentarnog statusa za tri relevantne stranke, DSS, LDP i URS, tradicionalan uspeh lista najbrojnijih nacionalnih manjina, Mađara, Bošnjaka i Albanaca, izostanak iz parlamenta svih stranaka suverenista, protivnika evrointegracija, veliki broj rasutih glasova, neki su od najznačajnijih rezultata martovskih izbora 2014. godine.

Tenth elections for the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia since the reestablishment of a multiparty system were held on March 16th, 2014, under a proportional electoral system. Electoral model essentially established in 2000 also included a single electoral district, closed party lists, five percent electoral threshold for non-minority parties and a use of D'Hondt formula for distribution of seats. Most important results of the March elections include: the lowest voter turnout and close to half of the votes won by the Serbian Progressive Party (which, in turn, gave them 63% of parliament members). Moreover, more than 80 percent of the seats was won by lists led by governing parties, i. e. Progressive or Socialist party. Elections were also not just a disaster for Democratic party, but also for Democratic Party of Serbia, Liberal Democratic Party, and United Regions of Serbia, which all lost seats in the National Assembly. Traditional success of the minority parties of most numerous national minorities (i.e. Hungarians, Bosniaks and Albanians) was noted. Also, for the first time, the parliament will convene without so-called sovereignists and opponents of European integration process. Finally, March elections were marked by a large number of squandered votes., Deseti izbori za Narodnu skupštinu Republike Srbije od ponovnog uspostavljanja višestranačja, 16 marta. 2014. godine, održani su po proporcionalnom izbornom sistemu, sa jednom izbornom jedinicom, zatvorenom blokiranom listom, petoprocentnim zakonskim izbornim pragom i D'Ontovom formulom za raspodelu mandata, modelu koji je suštinski uspostavljen 2000. godine. Najmanja izlaznost birača na birališta, gotovo natpolovičan broj osvojenih glasova i više od 63% osvojenih mandata liste Srpske napredne stranke, više od četiri petine poslaničkih mesta za liste koju se predvodile vladine stranke, naprednjaci i socijalisti, krah DS-a, gubitak parlamentarnog statusa za tri relevantne stranke, DSS, LDP i URS, tradicionalan uspeh lista najbrojnijih nacionalnih manjina, Mađara, Bošnjaka i Albanaca, izostanak iz parlamenta svih stranaka suverenista, protivnika evrointegracija, veliki broj rasutih glasova, neki su od najznačajnijih rezultata martovskih izbora 2014. godine.

Студија Политичке последице мешовитих изборних система посвећена је испитивању генезе комбинованих изборних правила и последица њихове примене на макро и микро нивоу. Циљ рада је анализа ефеката примене система са комбинованим изборним правилима, како оних у којима бирачи имају један глас – већински системи са компензацијском листом – тако и оних у којима су им на располагању два гласа – мешовити системи. Студијом је обухваћено 35 држава и 185 изборних циклуса. У раду су коришћене квалитативне, али и квантитативне методе: мултиваријантна статистичка анализа – биноминална регресиона анализа, линеарна регресиона анализа (ordinary least squares регресија и fixed effects model estimation); као и парадигма институционализма рационалног избора..., The study Political Consequences of Mixed Electoral Systems is dedicated to the examination of the genesis of hybrid electoral rules and the consequences of their application at the macro and micro levels. The paper uses qualitative and quantitative methodology - multivariate statistical analysis (ordinary least squares regression and fixed effects model estimation) – as well as the paradigm of rational choice institutionalism. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the effects of the application of a system with hybrid electoral rules, including one-vote systems – plurality systems with a compensatory list – as well as two-vote systems – mixed-member systems. The study encompasses 35 states and 185 electoral cycles...

Postoji veliki broj stanja koja za posledicu mogu imati nastanak defekata lobanje. Od samih početaka hirurgije kao medicinske discipline i veštine, popravka defekata u kostima, koje ostaju posle traume, vaskularne patologije ili tumora, predstavljala je izazov za neurohirurge. Glavni cilj bio je efikasno povratiti normalne barijere koje štite intrakranijalne strukture, obezbediti trajnu ili barem dugotrajnu rekonstrukciju, vratiti pritisak u kranijumu u normalu, što za rezultat često ima povlačenje patoloških neuroloških znakova, kao i postići zadovoljavajuće estetske rezultate. Kako je medicina, a u okviru medicine najviše hirurgija i imunologija, napredovala glavni metod za rekonstrukciju lobanje postala je upotreba koštanih transplantata, rebarnih graftova i graftova kostiju lobanje (split calvaria). Ipak, čak i koštani autograft ima neke nedostatke. U određenim situacijama, rekonstrukcija urađena koštanim graftom može dovesti do specifičnih komplikacija, među kojima su najčešće infekcije i resorpcija koštanog grafta. Kod velikih defekata lobanje, pogotovo kod pacijenata koji se leče od politraume, kost je često polomljena u veliki broj segmenata koji se ne mogu povezati i koristiti na zadovoljavajući način, ili bi ceo proces predugo trajao. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je analizirati slučajeve kranijalnih rekonstrukcija u našoj Klinici u kojima je korišćen metilmetakrilat i koštani autograft, uporediti procenat komplikacija, i bliže objasniti faktore koji na pojavu komplikacija utiču. Konačno, cilj je doći do validnih preporuka za rekonstruktivne hirurge u vezi sa odlukom da li u određenom slučaju treba koristiti metilmetakrilat ili koštani autograft. Istraživanje je urađeno u obliku retrospektivno-prospektivne kohortne studije u koju su bili uključeni pacijenti kojima je urađena kranioplastika u Klinici za neurohirurgiju Vojnomedicinske akademije u Beogradu. Studija je obuhvatila pacijente koji su operisani u periodu od januara 2010. godine do decembra 20, There are many conditions which can result in cranial defects. Since the very beginnings of surgery as a medical field and craft, the repair of bone defects, often remaining after traumatic, vascular or tumor lesions, represented a challenge for neurosurgeons. The main goal has always been to efficiently repair the barriers protecting the intracranial structures, allow for a permanent or at least semi-permanent reconstruction, restore the cranial pressure to its normal state, resulting also in the normalization of pathological neurological signs, as well as achieve satisfactory esthetic results. As medicine, and most importantly surgery and immunology progressed, so have progressed the different methods available for skull reconstruction. The main methods have become the use of bone auto transplants, rib grafts and split calvaria grafts. Nevertheless, even the bone auto graft can have some disadvantages. In some situations, a reconstruction done using a bone auto graft can lead to specific complications, most commonly infection and resorption of the bone graft. In large bone defects, especially in patients treated for polytrauma, the bone is often broken into a large number of small segments which cannot be put together in a satisfactory fashion, or the whole process would last too long. The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to analyze all the patients treated at our Clinic to whom the cranial reconstruction was done using autologous bone and methilmethacrylate, to compare the number and percentage of complications, and closer explain the factors which could influence them. Finally, the aim was to arrive to valid recommendations for reconstructive surgeons regarding the decision to use methilmethacrylate or bone auto graft in specific situations. This study was done as a retrospective-prospective cohort study in which all patients to whom a cranial reconstruction was done using autologous bone or methilmethacrylate in the period from January 2010 until December

The study Political Consequences of Mixed Electoral Systems is dedicated to the examination of the genesis of hybrid electoral rules and the consequences of their application at the macro and micro levels. The paper uses qualitative and quantitative methodology - multivariate statistical analysis (ordinary least squares regression and fixed effects model estimation) – as well as the paradigm of rational choice institutionalism. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the effects of the application of a system with hybrid electoral rules, including one-vote systems – plurality systems with a compensatory list – as well as two-vote systems – mixed-member systems. The study encompasses 35 states and 185 electoral cycles..., Studija Političke posledice mešovitih izbornih sistema posvećena je ispitivanju geneze kombinovanih izbornih pravila i posledica njihove primene na makro i mikro nivou. Cilj rada je analiza efekata primene sistema sa kombinovanim izbornim pravilima, kako onih u kojima birači imaju jedan glas – većinski sistemi sa kompenzacijskom listom – tako i onih u kojima su im na raspolaganju dva glasa – mešoviti sistemi. Studijom je obuhvaćeno 35 država i 185 izbornih ciklusa. U radu su korišćene kvalitativne, ali i kvantitativne metode: multivarijantna statistička analiza – binominalna regresiona analiza, linearna regresiona analiza (ordinary least squares regresija i fixed effects model estimation); kao i paradigma institucionalizma racionalnog izbora...

Tensile properties and fracture mechanism of a polycrystalline IN-100 superalloy have been investigated in the range from room temperature to 900 degrees C. Optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) applying replica technique were used for microstructural investigation, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized for fracture study. High temperature tensile tests were carried out in vacuumed chamber. Results show that strength increases up to 700 degrees C, and then sharply decreases with further increase in temperature. Elongation increases very slowly (6-7.5%) till 500 degrees C, then decreases to 4.5% at 900 degrees C. Change in elongation may be ascribed to a change of fracture mechanism. Appearance of a great number of microvoids prevails up to 500 degrees C resulting in a slow increase of elongation, whereas above this temperature elongation decrease is correlated with intergranular crystallographic fracture and fracture of carbides.

Experimental results on processing, structural and mechanical characterization of a multilayer composite based on commercially pure aluminum foils were presented. A multilayer composite was produced by hot-rolling of anodized and non-anodized aluminum foils alternately sandwiched. In addition, the same process was applied for bonding of non-anodized foils. In both cases, obtained multilayer composites were compact and sound. In order to study composites microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness, tensile and three-point flexural tests were performed. Microstructural characterization confirmed that the rod-like particles distributed in parallel rows in the composite aluminum matrix with anodized foils correspond to Al2O3. Maximum and minimum peaks of oxygen and aluminum, respectively, suggest that after the final hot-rolling of composite with non-anodized foils, a small amount of coarser particles were formed at boundaries between foils. Hardness, strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength of both multilayer composites were much higher than those of pure aluminum, whereas ductility was significantly less. The composite with anodized foils exhibited the highest strength and modulus of elasticity, but lower ductility compared to composite processed from non-anodized foils. Fracture failure corresponded to the change of ductility.

We examined the validity of the Serbian version of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS; Henderson-King and Henderson-King 2005). A total of 622 Serbian adults completed the ACSS, along with Serbian translations of measures for the discrepancy between actual body weight and ideal body weight, body appreciation, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, and demographics. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to compare how different ACSS models fitted the collected data. A three-factor model provided the best fit to the data relative to two- and one-factor models. The three-factor model had good internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and nomological validity. The ACSS seems to be a valid instrument for use in Serbian populations. Our study will contribute towards better understanding of the acceptance of cosmetic surgery from a cross-cultural perspective.

The study Political Consequences of Mixed Electoral Systems is dedicated to the examination of the genesis of hybrid electoral rules and the consequences of their application at the macro and micro levels. The paper uses qualitative and quantitative methodology - multivariate statistical analysis (ordinary least squares regression and fixed effects model estimation) – as well as the paradigm of rational choice institutionalism. The aim of the paper is the analysis of the effects of the application of a system with hybrid electoral rules, including one-vote systems – plurality systems with a compensatory list – as well as two-vote systems – mixed-member systems. The study encompasses 35 states and 185 electoral cycles..., Studija Političke posledice mešovitih izbornih sistema posvećena je ispitivanju geneze kombinovanih izbornih pravila i posledica njihove primene na makro i mikro nivou. Cilj rada je analiza efekata primene sistema sa kombinovanim izbornim pravilima, kako onih u kojima birači imaju jedan glas – većinski sistemi sa kompenzacijskom listom – tako i onih u kojima su im na raspolaganju dva glasa – mešoviti sistemi. Studijom je obuhvaćeno 35 država i 185 izbornih ciklusa. U radu su korišćene kvalitativne, ali i kvantitativne metode: multivarijantna statistička analiza – binominalna regresiona analiza, linearna regresiona analiza (ordinary least squares regresija i fixed effects model estimation); kao i paradigma institucionalizma racionalnog izbora...

Experimental results on processing, structural and mechanical characterization of a multilayer composite based on commercially pure aluminum foils were presented. A multilayer composite was produced by hot-rolling of anodized and non-anodized aluminum foils alternately sandwiched. In addition, the same process was applied for bonding of non-anodized foils. In both cases, obtained multilayer composites were compact and sound. In order to study composites microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness, tensile and three-point flexural tests were performed. Microstructural characterization confirmed that the rod-like particles distributed in parallel rows in the composite aluminum matrix with anodized foils correspond to Al2O3. Maximum and minimum peaks of oxygen and aluminum, respectively, suggest that after the final hot-rolling of composite with non-anodized foils, a small amount of coarser particles were formed at boundaries between foils. Hardness, strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength of both multilayer composites were much higher than those of pure aluminum, whereas ductility was significantly less. The composite with anodized foils exhibited the highest strength and modulus of elasticity, but lower ductility compared to composite processed from non-anodized foils. Fracture failure corresponded to the change of ductility.