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We present for the first time a fully-manufacturable 0.5mm/3.3V SiGe BiCMOS technology that supports multiple mode (GSM/ PCS/ WCDMA) power amplifier applications, highlighting HBT device design, safe-operating area, and module performance. This technology features a high- breakdown transistor (BVCBO > 20V), with fT exceeding 25GHz, along with a suite of device elements that is fully compatible with the IBM's mature 0.5mm SiGe BiCMOS technology. PA design is discussed and hardware measurements presented demonstrating that this SiGe BiCMOS technology meets the demanding ruggedness, linearity and efficiency requirements for wireless PA applications.

We present for the first time a fully-manufacturable 0.5mm/3.3V SiGe BiCMOS technology that supports multiple mode (GSM/ PCS/ WCDMA) power amplifier applications, highlighting HBT device design, safe-operating area, and module performance. This technology features a high- breakdown transistor (BVCBO > 20V), with fT exceeding 25GHz, along with a suite of device elements that is fully compatible with the IBM's mature 0.5mm SiGe BiCMOS technology. PA design is discussed and hardware measurements presented demonstrating that this SiGe BiCMOS technology meets the demanding ruggedness, linearity and efficiency requirements for wireless PA applications.

Internode growth of vegetative Xanthium plants was studied at various levels on the stem with application of the plastochron index. The bottom internodes were of small size and they displayed small rates of growth. Both, the size of the internodes and their growth rates increased proceeding in the acropetal direction. Rates of cortical cell elongation followed a bell shaped curve, starting with a rate of 7 µm per day, reaching a peak of 15 µm per day and stopping after leaf plastochron index 14. Young internodes, smaller than 25 mm, grew at a constant relative elemental rate of 0.2 day-1 throughout. Internodes larger than 30 mm displayed an acropetal pattern of elongation.

Serial sections of mature stems of ten species of herbaceous dicotyledonous plants were examined by light microscopy and the number of chloroplasts per cell was estimated in epidermis, collenchyma and cortex. Chloroplast identification was made by both light and transmission electron microscopy. Chloroplasts were present in epidermis, collenchyma and cortex tissues of all stems examined. The smallest number of chloroplasts was observed in the epidermis. Collenchyma cells had the largest number of plastids in four of the genera and cortex cells had the largest number in the remaining six genera. The stem epidermis of all genera contained stomates as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and aceto-orcein stained epidermal peels.