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During the last decades, an increased drop-out rate in adolescents’ team sport participation is observed. Given the potential adverse consequences of drop-out from team sport more information about risk factors for drop-out is warranted. The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) synthesise the literature on factors associated with future drop-out from team sport among adolescents and (2) investigate the strength of associations between drop-out and related factors with meta-analysis. The databases Academic Search Elite, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant publications from the earliest reported date until October 8, 2021. Articles were included if: (1) data about drop-out was collected; (2) the focus was on adolescents; (3) the context was team sport and (4) studies were of prospective design. We used the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) to assess the risk of bias in included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted according to the reporting guideline of synthesis without meta-analysis. Studies that presented statistical data necessary for the calculation of Hedge's g effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. The meta-analysis included 12 of the studies. Altogether, 6304 adolescent team sport players participated in the selected studies. Of those studies, most had a focus on intrapersonal factors relationship with drop-out. The results showed that constructs related to motivation as well as sport experience had the strongest relationships with drop-out. To prevent drop-out from adolescents’ team sport, organisations and clubs are recommended to focus on developing a high-quality motivation climate that facilitates motivation and enjoyment.

During the last decades, an increased drop-out rate in adolescents’ team sport participation is observed. Given the potential adverse consequences of drop-out from team sport more information about risk factors for drop-out is warranted. The objectives of this systematic review were to (1) synthesise the literature on factors associated with future drop-out from team sport among adolescents and (2) investigate the strength of associations between drop-out and related factors with meta-analysis. The databases Academic Search Elite, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant publications from the earliest reported date until October 8, 2021. Articles were included if: (1) data about drop-out was collected; (2) the focus was on adolescents; (3) the context was team sport and (4) studies were of prospective design. We used the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) to assess the risk of bias in included studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted according to the reporting guideline of synthesis without meta-analysis. Studies that presented statistical data necessary for the calculation of Hedge's g effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. The meta-analysis included 12 of the studies. Altogether, 6304 adolescent team sport players participated in the selected studies. Of those studies, most had a focus on intrapersonal factors relationship with drop-out. The results showed that constructs related to motivation as well as sport experience had the strongest relationships with drop-out. To prevent drop-out from adolescents’ team sport, organisations and clubs are recommended to focus on developing a high-quality motivation climate that facilitates motivation and enjoyment.

Overuse injuries account for a substantial part of sport injury incidence among athletes of various sports and levels. Despite the gradual onset of symptoms, athletes often persevere in training and competing. The present exploratory study aimed to identify a psychological risk profile for overuse injury. One hundred and forty-nine athletes competing in various sports responded to a range of questionnaires measuring the following psychological variables: negative life stress, perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings, athletic identity, and the coach-athlete relationship. Participants subsequently answered the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire on a weekly basis during a 10-week period. Using a latent profile analysis, athletes were classified into three latent profiles regarding their psychological characteristics. Athletes in the second profile, characterized by a combination of high athletic identity, perfectionistic concerns and negative life stress and poor coach-athlete relationship, were found to be significantly more often affected by overuse injuries (74% of the time) than individuals in the two other profiles (52% and 48% of the time, respectively). In conclusion, psychological factors may contribute to the risk of overuse injuries through complex interactions (i.e. accounting for interdependencies within a specific configuration of variables) rather than through their independent influences.

Overuse injuries account for a substantial part of sport injury incidence among athletes of various sports and levels. Despite the gradual onset of symptoms, athletes often persevere in training and competing. The present exploratory study aimed to identify a psychological risk profile for overuse injury. One hundred and forty-nine athletes competing in various sports responded to a range of questionnaires measuring the following psychological variables: negative life stress, perfectionistic concerns, perfectionistic strivings, athletic identity, and the coach-athlete relationship. Participants subsequently answered the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire on a weekly basis during a 10-week period. Using a latent profile analysis, athletes were classified into three latent profiles regarding their psychological characteristics. Athletes in the second profile, characterized by a combination of high athletic identity, perfectionistic concerns and negative life stress and poor coach-athlete relationship, were found to be significantly more often affected by overuse injuries (74% of the time) than individuals in the two other profiles (52% and 48% of the time, respectively). In conclusion, psychological factors may contribute to the risk of overuse injuries through complex interactions (i.e. accounting for interdependencies within a specific configuration of variables) rather than through their independent influences.

Research has shown that high levels of stress and stress responsivity can increase the risk of injuries. However, most of the research that has supported this notion has focused on between-person relationships, ignoring the relationships at the within-person level. As a result, the objective of this study was to investigate if within-person changes in perceived stress symptoms over a 1-month time period could predict injury rates during the subsequent 3months. A prospective design with two measurement points (Time 1at the beginning of the season and Time 21month into the season) was utilized. A total of 121 competitive soccer players (85 males and 36 females; M-age=18.39, SD=3.08) from Sweden and the United States completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS) and a demographic sheet at Time 1. The KPDS was also completed at Time 2, and all acute injuries that occurred during the subsequent 3-month period were recorded. A Bayesian latent change scores model was used to determine whether within-person changes in stress symptoms could predict the risk of injury. Results revealed that there was a credible positive effect of changes in stress symptoms on injury rates, indicating that an increase in reported stress symptoms was related to an increased risk for injury. This finding highlights the importance of creating caring and supportive sporting environments and relationships and teaching stress management techniques, especially during the earlier portion of competitive seasons, to possibly reduce the occurrence of injuries.

The epidemiology of sport injuries is well documented. However, the costs are rarely discussed. Previous studies have presented such costs in specific sports or localization. No study has investigated the costs related to injuries in elite floorball. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate cost of injuries in Swedish elite floorball players. During 1year, 346 floorball players were prospectively followed. All time-loss injures were recorded. The injured players were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their costs tied to the injury. Mean costs were calculated by multiplying the total resource use with the collected unit costs and dividing these total costs with the number of injuries as well as players. The results showed that the average cost per injury increased with the level of severity and ranged from 332 to 2358 Euros. The mild and moderate overuse injuries were costlier than the corresponding traumatic injuries. However, the severe traumatic injuries were associated with higher costs than overuse injuries. Knee injuries were the costliest. Our results indicate that there are costs to be saved, if floorball injuries can be avoided. They should be of interest to decision makers deciding whether to invest in preventive interventions.

Objectives: To investigate by use of a latent growth curve analysis framework whether athletes' individual levels and changes in hassle and uplift levels over a 10-week period could predict injury outcome in an elite junior soccer population. Design: A prospective design with repeated measurement points. Methods: Participants were 101 Swedish elite junior soccer players (67 males and 34 females). Ten sets of measures were taken on a weekly basis during which participants completed the Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HUS). Latent growth curve models were used to examine whether the level and change in psychological stress could predict the frequency of injury over the 10-week period. Results: The results show that injury occurrence was significantly associated with both the initial level of daily hassle and the change in daily hassle. High initial daily hassle levels and a smaller decrease in daily hassles were associated with injury occurrence. Moreover, injury occurrence was significantly associated with a greater decrease in daily uplift. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of focusing on state variables using prospective designs and appropriate analysis of within-person change to detect complex and dynamic associations across time in injury-prediction research. © 2013 Sports Medicine Australia., Correspondence Address: Ivarsson, A.; Centre of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, Halmstad UniversitySweden; email: Andreas.Ivarsson@hh.se

The characterisation of spent transformer oil to determine its fitness for re-refining as well as the recovery of metals by hydrometallurgical treatment in chloride medium has been investigated. The leaching experiments on the spent material showed that its dissolution increases with leachant concentration performed at 75 degrees C. Leaching studies showed that at optimal conditions, the dissolution reached 93% by 1.0 mol/l HCl solution within 120 min at 75 degrees C. The solvent extraction of copper by bis(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (CYANEX 272) in kerosene from a pregnant solution of aqueous spent deposited sludge of transformer oil containing 1 243.4 mg/l Cu2+, 389.2 mg/l Fe2+/Fe3+, 110.7 mg/l Ca2+ and 235 mg/l Al3+ was studied. The results for the solvent extraction give an extraction efficiency of 91.77% total copper acquired via 0.2 mol/l CYANEX 272 in kerosene at 27 ± 2 degrees C within 25 min at pH 4.0. A 0.1 mol/l HCl solution was found to be sufficient for the stripping of about 94.77% copper from the loaded organic phase. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopic analysis of the loaded organic phase supports the stripping experiment as there was no Cu metal ion present in the separated organic phase. (Authors.), The characterisation of spent transformer oil to determine its fitness for re-refining as well as the recovery of metals by hydrometallurgical treatment in chloride medium has been investigated. The leaching experiments on the spent material showed that its dissolution increases with leachant concentration performed at 75 degrees C. Leaching studies showed that at optimal conditions, the dissolution reached 93% by 1.0 mol/l HCl solution within 120 min at 75 degrees C. The solvent extraction of copper by bis(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (CYANEX 272) in kerosene from a pregnant solution of aqueous spent deposited sludge of transformer oil containing 1 243.4 mg/l Cu2+, 389.2 mg/l Fe2+/Fe3+, 110.7 mg/l Ca2+ and 235 mg/l Al3+ was studied. The results for the solvent extraction give an extraction efficiency of 91.77% total copper acquired via 0.2 mol/l CYANEX 272 in kerosene at 27 ± 2 degrees C within 25 min at pH 4.0. A 0.1 mol/l HCl solution was found to be sufficient for the stripping of about 94.77% copper from the loaded organic phase. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopic analysis of the loaded organic phase supports the stripping experiment as there was no Cu metal ion present in the separated organic phase. (Authors.)

Letter from American Consular Service, Yokohama, Japan, listing criteria described in Section 401 of the Nationality Act of 1940, for Loss of American Citizenship and procedure for submitting a formal application to reinstate American citizenship. Yokohama Form 62, October 19, 1948., The Akiyama’s owned the Florin Fish Store until it was burned down during their WWII incarceration. Their four sons went to Japan for further education as teenagers and one was conscripted into the Imperial military. After December 7, 1941 Mr. Akiyama was detained by the FBI in Crystal City, Texas. Mrs. Akiyama and her three sons were forcefully evacuated to Fresno Assembly Center, Jerome incarceration camp and then to Crystal City to join Mr. Akiyama. In December 1945 the family repatriated to Japan and were reunited in Sacramento after six years in Japan. Part of the Japanese American Archival Collection.