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[EN] The DynCoopForSEA data model integrates processed information from two European research projects: DynCoopNet (Ref. ESF-TECT-EUROCORES 0004) and ForSEAdiscovery (PITN-2013- GA607545). It is the result of the collaborative research work of the Principal Investigator and director of the Projects, Prof. Dr. Ana Crespo Solana (GI GECCMA. Department of American Studies, IH-CSIC) with an international team of researchers and in collaboration with the GIS and Digital Humanities Unit of the Centre for Human and Social Sciences of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)., [ES] El modelo de Datos DynCoopForSEA integra la información procesada de dos proyectos de investigación europeos: DynCoopNet (Ref. ESF-TECT-EUROCORES 0004) y ForSEAdiscovery (PITN-2013- GA607545). Es resultado de los trabajos de investigación colaborativos de la Investigadora Principal y directora de los Proyectos, la prof. Dra. Ana Crespo Solana (GI GECCMA. Departamento de Estudios Americanos, IH-CSIC) con un equipo internacional de investigadores y con la Unidad de SIG y Humanidades Digitales del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).

Version of Record online: 13 February 2024; Manuscript accepted: 30 January 2024; Manuscript revised: 29 January 2024; Manuscript received: 05 September 2023., Purpose: To evaluate the optical and aberrometric outcomes of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (ISOPure) compared with those of a standard monofocal lens (MicroPure) having the same platform and material. Methods: A prospective, comparative and randomised clinical study. A total of 28 eyes of 28 patients were randomly assigned to either group. Monocular visual acuity (VA) was measured at distance and intermediate under photopic and mesopic conditions. Aberrometry was analysed for 3.0-, 4.0-, 4.5- and 5.0 mm pupils. The contrast sensitivity defocus curve was measured for 3.0- and 4.5-mm pupils, while the modulation transfer function (MTF) and Strehl ratio (SR) were assessed with a double-pass system. All measurements were performed monocularly 3 months after surgery. Results: No significant differences were found for distance VA. Under photopic conditions, intermediate VA was better with the ISOPure lens, while no significant differences were found between the lenses under mesopic conditions. Internal and total aberrations were higher for the ISOPure lens. No significant differences were found for corneal aberrations. Additionally, both the contrast sensitivity defocus curve and optical quality showed similar behaviour for each lens, with the MTF cut-off frequency exceeding 30 c/deg in both cases. Conclusion: The isofocal ISOPure lens enhanced intermediate VA without affecting distance VA under photopic conditions. Moreover, there were no significant differences in visual quality between the ISOPure and MicroPure lenses, despite the former exhibiting higher internal and total aberrations than the monofocal model., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, inpress

Deflectometry is an optical technique for determining properties such as power distribution, wavefront, etc., and measurement of the optical properties of an intraocular lens can provide relevant information for clinicians. The aim of the current study was to establish a protocol for measuring lens power maps and profiles of various optical designs of intraocular lenses with a deflectometer based on the phase-shifting Schlieren principle (NIMO TR1504, Lambda-X, Nivelles, Belgium). The results are discussed with respect to accuracy and repeatability, the influence of the use of filters, and whether to consider the intraocular lens as a thin or thick lens., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Depto. de Óptica, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

The optical quality of a set of IOLs (modeling set: one monofocal and two bifocals) was assessed through focus by the area under the modulation transfer function (MTFa) metric and related to the visual acuity (VA) defocus curves of pseudophakic patients implanted with said IOLs. A non-linear relationship between the MTFa and clinical VA was obtained with an asymptotic limit found to be the best VA achievable by the patients. Two mathematical fitting functions between clinical VA and MTFa were derived with high correlation coefficients (R2≥0.85). They were applied to the MTFa obtained from a different set of IOLs with advanced designs (trial set: one extended range of vision -ERV-, one trifocal ERV and one trifocal apodized) to predict VA versus defocus of patients implanted with these IOLs. Differences between the calculated VA and the clinical VA for both fitting models were within the standard deviation of the clinical measurements in the range of -3.00 D to 0.00 D defocus, thus proving the suitability of the MTFa metric to predict clinical VA performance of new IOL designs., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, Fondos FEDER, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

The aim of this work was to compare an enhanced monofocal (RayOne EMV RAO200E, Rayner) and standard monofocal (RayOne RAO600C Aspheric, Rayner) intraocular lenses (IOLs) for three nominal powers (+10.00 D, +20.00 D and +30.00 D) as a function of the optical aperture diameter (pupil diameter) using a commercial Schlieren phase-shifting deflectometer NIMO TR1504 (Lambda-X, Belgium). From the wavefront maps measured by this instrument, the radial power profiles, the spherical aberration coefficients of the Zernike polynomial expansion (as a function of the optical aperture radius), and the root-mean-square (RMS) of the high-order aberrations (HOAs) were obtained and analyzed by comparing the two models. The results showed that the effective added power that could be obtained with the enhanced model depended directly on the pupil size and the power of the IOL implanted. The higher additions were achieved with the higher nominal IOL powers. The relationship between the pupil diameter, the corneal aberration of the patients and the power profile of these IOLs could have a crucial implication on the far distance and the final effective addition. However, it is important to note that these findings should be clinically validated through the implantation of these models in patients’ lenses., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (ESpaña), Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Depto. de Óptica, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Purpose: To evaluate the early clinical outcomes of a new diffractive extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Prospective case series enrolling patients undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of the EDOF IOL AT LARA (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Distance, intermediate and near visual acuity were evaluated during a follow-up of 1 month. Likewise, defocus curve, binocular mesopic contrast sensitivity, perception of photic phenomena, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence were assessed. Results: The study enrolled 38 eyes of 19 patients with a mean age of 69.5 years. A significant reduction of manifest refraction and improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was observed with surgery (p < 0.001). All eyes achieved a 1-month postoperative binocular CDVA of 20/20 or better. Likewise, all eyes achieved a DCIVA of 20/30 or better at 1 month postoperatively, and a total of 92.1% achieved DCNVA of 20/40 or better. Concerning refractive predictability, 97.4% of eyes had a 1-month postoperative spherical equivalent within ±0.50 D. The level of patient satisfaction with distance, intermediate and near vision was high, with 95% of patients reporting that they would have the same surgical procedure with the same IOL again. Difficulties in night driving or associated to halos were low. A total of 89% of patients reported to be spectacle independent postoperatively. Conclusions: The EDOF IOL AT LARA is able to provide a functional restoration of the visual function across distances after cataract surgery, with very high levels of patient satisfaction and minimal incidence of photic phenomena., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Received: June 13, 2015 Accepted: February 04, 2016, PURPOSE: To compare visual outcomes, rotational stability, and centration in a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing cataract surgery who were bilaterally implanted with two different trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a similar optical zone but different haptic shape. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (42 eyes) with cataract and less than 1.50 D of corneal astigmatism underwent implantation of one FineVision/MicoF IOL in one eye and one POD FineVision IOL in the contralateral eye (PhysIOL, Liège, Belgium) at IOA Madrid Innova Ocular, Madrid, Spain. IOL allocation was random. Outcome measures, all evaluated 3 months postoperatively, included monocular and binocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), corrected distance (CDVA), distance-corrected intermediate (DCIVA), and near (DCNVA) visual acuity (at 80, 40, and 25 cm) under photopic conditions, refraction, IOL centration, haptic rotation, dysphotopsia, objective quality of vision and aberration quantification, patient satisfaction, and spectacle independence. RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, mean monocular UDVA, CDVA, DCIVA, and DCNVA (40 cm) under photopic conditions were 0.04 ± 0.07, 0.01 ± 0.04, 0.15 ± 0.11, and 0.16 ± 0.08 logMAR for the eyes implanted with the POD FineVision IOL and 0.03 ± 0.05, 0.01 ± 0.02, 0.17 ± 0.12, and 0.14 ± 0.08 logMAR for those receiving the FineVision/MicroF IOL. Moreover, the POD FineVision IOL showed similar centration (P > .05) and better rotational stability (P < .05) than the FineVision/MicroF IOL. Regarding halos, there was a minimal but statistically significant difference, obtaining better results with FineVision/MicroF. Full spectacle independence was reported by all patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed similar visual outcomes for both trifocal IOLs under test (POD FineVision and FineVision/MicroF). However, the POD FineVision IOL showed better rotational stability, as afforded by its design., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Corrected proof. © 2014 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados., Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente operada previamente de cirugía de glaucoma con dispositivo XEN® sin incidencias, que presenta una ampolla hipertrófica produciendo un ectropión mecánico secundario. Se describe la técnica «Dry Lake» consistente en drenaje de la ampolla, previo bloqueo viscoelástico del dispositivo XEN® vía ab-interno, y el sellado de la ampolla inferior con pegamento tisular. Discusión: En el manejo de este tipo de ampollas se han postulado tratamientos médicos, suturas compresoras e incluso la utilización de sangre autóloga. El uso del Tissucol®, ya descrito en la cirugía del glaucoma, puede ser útil en este tipo de casos de ampollas hipertróficas secundarias al dispositivo ab-interno XEN®., Case report: The case of a patient with previous uncomplicated XEN® drainage glaucoma surgery is described, who presented with hypertrophic bleb and mechanical ectropion. Treatment consisted of the «Dry Lake» procedure to drain the hypertrophic bleb following blockage with viscoelastic of the ab-interno stent and bleb sealing with a tissue adhesive. Discussion: Proposals for the management of this type of bleb include therapeutic strategies, sutures or even autologous blood. The use of Tissucol®, already described in glaucoma surgery, may be appropriate to treat this complication of XEN® placement., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, inpress

Este documento es un postprint., PURPOSE: To evaluate rotational stability and its influ-ence on postoperative visual acuity of different monofocal and multifocal toric intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: A prospective interventional study was designed. Ninety-one patients with a mean age of 71.65 ± 11.82 years were implanted with toric IOLs after phacoemulsification. Three monofocal toric IOLs (the Lentis LT [Oculentis, Berlin, Germany], enVista [Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY], and AcrySof IQ [Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX]) and one multifocal toric IOL (AcrySof IQ ReSTOR; Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) were implanted. Preoperative and postoperative images were taken to calculate the misalignment due to the marking method. To evaluate rotation in the different follow-up visits, another photograph was taken 1 hour and 1, 7 and 30 days postoperatively. Refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and corrected distance visual acuity were measured 30 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperative UDVA was 0.1 logMAR or better in 64.6% of eyes implanted with monofocal IOLs and 46.4% of eyes implanted with multifocal IOLs. The enVista toric IOL showed the best UDVA compared to the other monofocal IOLs, with 81% of eyes with 0.1 logMAR or better. The mean misalignment in the total group studied was 0.07° ± 0.60°; 69.6% of monofocal IOLs and 67.9% of multifocal IOLs showed less than 5° of rotation. A correlation was found between postoperative UDVA and rotation in the monofocal and multifocal IOLs implanted (r = 0.439 [P < .011] and = 0.787 [P = .001], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: At 1 month postoperatively, UDVA was slightly more affected by IOL rotation in multifocal than monofocal toric IOLs. The marking method was also effective., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Received 11 July 2016, Accepted 2 September 2016, Available online 25 October 2016, Purpose: to determine whether pupil dilation affects biometric measurements and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation made using the new swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLMaster 700©; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Procedures: eighty-one eyes of 81 patients evaluated for cataract surgery were prospectively examined using the IOLMaster 700© before and after pupil dilation with tropicamide 1%. The measurements made were: axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (MK), white-to-white distance (WTW) and pupil diameter (PD). Holladay II and SRK/T formulas were used to calculate IOL power. Agreement between measurement modes (with and without dilation) was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: mean patient age was 75.17 ± 7.54 years (range: 57–92). Of the variables determined, CCT, ACD, LT and WTW varied significantly according to pupil dilation. Excellent intraobserver correlation was observed between measurements made before and after pupil dilation. Mean IOL power calculation using the Holladay 2 and SRK/T formulas were unmodified by pupil dilation. Conclusions: the use of pupil dilation produces statistical yet not clinically significant differences in some IOLMaster 700© measurements. However, it does not affect mean IOL power calculation., Propos Déterminer si la dilatation pupillaire modifie les mesures biométriques et le calcul de la puissance de l’implant intraoculaire obtenus avec un nouveau biomètre optique basé sur la tomographie par cohérence optique swept-source (IOLMaster 700© ; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Allemagne) Méthodes Nous avons évalué prospectivement 81 yeux de 81 patients prévus pour la chirurgie de la cataracte au moyen du biomètre IOLMaster 700©, avant et après dilatation pupillaire avec tropicamide 1 %. Les mesures réalisées ont été : longueur axiale (AL), épaisseur cornéenne centrale (CCT), profondeur de la chambre antérieure (épaisseur cornéenne exclue) (ACD), épaisseur cristallinienne (LT), kératométrie moyenne (MK), distance blanc à blanc (WTW) et diamètre pupillaire (PD). Les formules Holladay II et SRK/T ont été employées pour calculer la puissance de l’implant intraoculaire. Nous avons évalué la concordance entre les deux méthodes de mesure (sous dilatation pupillaire et sans) au moyen des coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (ICC) et des graphiques de Bland-Altman. Résultats La moyenne d’âge des patients était de 75,17 ± 7,54 ans (intervalle : 57–92). Parmi les variables mesurées, la CCT, l’ACD, la LT et la WTW montraient des variations significatives en fonction de la dilatation pupillaire. On a observé une excellente corrélation intra-observateur entre les mesures réalisées avant et après la dilatation pupillaire. Celle-ci ne modifiait pas la prédiction de la puissance moyenne de l’implant avec Holladay 2 et SKR/T. Conclusions L’emploi de tropicamide 1 % produit des différences significatives du point de vue statistique mais pas clinique sur certaines mesures réalisées avec IOLMaster 700©. Cependant, la mesure de la puissance moyenne de l’implant intraoculaire n’est pas affectée., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, inpress

Purpose: The scientific community has established Javal’s rule as a model linking refractive (RA) and keratometric (KA) astigmatism since its appearance more than 100 years ago. The aim was to improve the accuracy of this relationship according to subject’s age by applying the power vector analysis. Posterior corneal curvature has also been studied. Methods: The IOLMaster 700 optical biometer was used to measure the corneal thickness and the radius of curvature of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Refractive error was determined by a non-cycloplegic subjective refraction process with trial lenses. Linear regression analyses were applied using J 0 and J 45 power vector components. An evaluation was carried out according to the subject’s age resulting into eight regression relationships for each astigmatic vector component for each relationship. Results: A total of 2254 right eyes from 2254 healthy subjects were evaluated. A trend towards against-the-rule astigmatism (ATR) was found with aging, both for refractive astigmatism (RA) and keratometric astigmatism (KA), with 95.2% of subjects under 20 years old having with-the-rule (WTR) KA, and only 22.8% above 79 years old. The following regression equations were found between RA and KA: J0RA = 0.73 × J0KA − 0.18 (R = 0.78) and J45RA = 0.70 × J45KA + 0.04 (R = 0.69) and between RA and total corneal astigmatism (TCA): J0RA = 0.73 × J0TCA + 0.13 (R=0.78) and J45RA = 0.70 × J45TCA − 0.06 (R = 0.68) for the whole sample, but with sensible differences among age groups, both in the slope and in the intercept. Conclusion: Ignoring the age of the subject when using Javal’s rule could lead to an error in the final cylinder calculation that would increase in high astigmatisms. Applying this new power vector approach based on subject’s age could improve the accuracy of the astigmatism prediction., Ministerio de Universidades de España, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, inpress

Purpose: To evaluate medium-term clinical outcomes with XEN® 45 or XEN® 63 Gel Stent (Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) for treatment of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and Methods. Retrospective, descriptive, and observational study involving 40 patients implanted with a XEN® 45 Gel Stent and 34 implanted with a XEN® 63 Gel Stent who had undergone POAG surgery and had been followed up and controlled between 12 and 36 months. Results: IOP dropped from 18.02 ± 5.23 mmHg preop to 13.81 ± 1.88, 14.80 ± 2.23, and 14.62 ± 1.90 at 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery (p < 0.001) consecutively with XEN® 45 and from 19.00 ± 6.11 mmHg preop to 15.47 ± 2.45, 14.66 ± 2.45, and 15.46 ± 2.48 at 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery (p < 0.001) with XEN® 63. The number of drugs used by patients to treat their glaucoma decreased after undergoing surgery in both groups. Within the XEN® 45 group, mean changes at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years amounted to 70%, 74.3%, and 37.5%, respectively, whereas within the XEN® 63 group, the mean reduction was 75%, 79.8%, and 71.9%. When comparing the outcomes for the two groups, the differences did not prove to be statistically significant. More than 90% of the procedures included in the study (using either gel-stent device) were completed without any noteworthy complications. Conclusion: POAG surgical procedures with either XEN® 45 or XEN® 63 Gel Stent implantation could be a safe and effective treatment approach., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

En abierto en la web del editor. Submitted 3/3/2015 ; Revised 6/2/2015 ; Accepted 6/9/2015., PURPOSE: To evaluate visual results with two multifocal diffractive lenses designed with the same platform but with different additions. SETTING: Grupo Innova Ocular clinics. METHODS: A total of 50 eyes from 50 patients were included. Group 1 (n = 25) was implanted with the TECNIS® 1 ZLB +3.25 and group 2 (n = 25) with the TECNIS® 1 ZKB +2.75. Patients were assessed at 24 hours, 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. At surgical discharge, corrected (CDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), near visual acuity (VA) at 25, 40 and 80 cm, visual quality and the defocus curve were measured. RESULTS: Changes in sphere and spherical equivalent were statistically significant (p<0.01) in both groups at 1 week and 1 month compared to preoperative values. In group 1, UCDVA logMAR at 1 month was 0.06 ± 0.02. In group 2, UCDVA at 1 month was 0.03 ± 0.03. In near vision, the TECNIS® 1 ZLB group obtained a VA logMAR of 0.35 ± 0.02 at 25 cm, 0.13 ± 0.02 at 40 cm and 0.27 ± 0.02 at 80 cm, while in the TECNIS® 1 ZKB group, the values were 0.38 ± 0.03, 0.14 ± 0.03 and 0.23 ± 0.06, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found either when results for visual quality were compared. CONCLUSION: Both the TECNIS® 1 ZLB and TECNIS® 1 ZKB are excellent options for obtaining good distance and near vision, in addition to providing good intermediate vision, especially at distances such as those required for working with computers., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Received 16 January 2015, Revised 30 March 2015, Accepted 31 March 2015, Available online 17 December 2015, PURPOSE: To measure the longitudinal chromatic aberration invivo using psychophysical and wavefront-sensing methods in patients with bilateral implantation of monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) of similar aspheric design but different materials (hydrophobic Podeye and hydrophilic Poday). SETTING: Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Measurements were performed with the use of psychophysical (480 to 700 nm) and wavefront-sensing (480 to 950 nm) methods using a custom-developed adaptive optics system. Chromatic difference-of-focus curves were obtained from best-focus data at each wavelength, and the longitudinal chromatic aberration was obtained from the slope of linear regressions to those curves. RESULTS: The longitudinal chromatic aberration from psychophysical measurements was 1.37 diopters (D) ± 0.08 (SD) (hydrophobic) and 1.21 ± 0.08 D (hydrophilic). From wavefront-sensing, the longitudinal chromatic aberration was 0.88 ± 0.07 D and 0.73 ± 0.09 D, respectively. At 480 to 950 nm, the longitudinal chromatic aberration was 1.27 ± 0.09 D (hydrophobic) and 1.02 ± 0.13 D (hydrophilic). The longitudinal chromatic aberration was consistently higher in eyes with the hydrophobic IOL than in eyes with the hydrophilic IOL (a difference of 0.16 D and 0.15 D, respectively). Similar to findings in young phakic eyes, the longitudinal chromatic aberration from the psychophysical method was consistently higher than from wavefront-sensing, by 0.48 D (35.41%) for the hydrophobic IOL and 0.48 D (39.43%) for the hydrophilic IOL. CONCLUSION: Longitudinal chromatic aberrations were smaller with hydrophilic IOLs than with hydrophobic IOLs of the same design., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), European Research Council (ERC), Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Copyright: 2011 Wörner et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited, A review of the current data on the cell density of normal adult human endothelial cells was carried out in order to establish some common parameters appearing in the different considered populations. From the analysis of cell growth patterns, it is inferred that the cell aging rate is similar for each of the different considered populations. Also, the morphology, the cell distribution and the tendency to hexagonallity are studied. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that this phenomenon is analogous with cell behavior in other structures such as dry foams and grains in polycrystalline materials. Therefore, its driving force may be controlled by the surface tension and the mobility of the boundaries., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

While multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) are increasingly implanted to correct for presbyopia, how one sees with a multifocal correction is hard to explain and imagine. The current study evaluates the quality of various visual simulating technologies by comparing vision with simulated MIOLs pre-operatively and the implanted MIOLs post-operatively in the same patients. Two simulation platforms were used: (1) a custom-developed adaptive optics (AO) system, with two visual simulator devices: a spatial light modulator (SLM) and an optotunable lens operating under temporal multiplexing (SimVis); and (2) a wearable, binocular, large field of view SimVis2Eyes clinical simulator (SimVis Gekko, 2Eyes Vision, Madrid, Spain). All devices were programmed to simulate a trifocal diffractive MIOL (POD F, FineVision, PhysIOL). Eight patients were measured pre-operatively simulating the trifocal lens and post-operatively with implantation of the same MIOL. Through-focus decimal visual acuity (TF VA) was measured (1) monocularly in monochromatic light using a four-alternative-forced-choice procedure in the AO system, and (2) binocularly using a clinical optotype in white light. Visual simulations pre-operatively predict well the TF VA performance found post-operatively in patients implanted with the real IOL. The average RMS difference between TF curves with the different visual simulators was 0.05 ± 0.01. The average RMS difference between the TF VA curves with the SimVis pre-operatively and the real MIOL post-operatively was 0.06 ± 0.01 in both platforms, and it was higher in cataract eyes (0.08 ± 0.01, on average across simulators) than in eyes with clear lens. In either group, the shape of the TF curves is similar across simulators and pre-and post-operatively. TF curves cross-correlated significantly between simulators (lag k = 0, rho = 0.889), as well as with results with the real MIOL implanted (lag k = 0, rho = 0.853). Visual simulations are useful programmable tools to pr, European Research Council, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, Gobierno de España, PhysIOL Group (Bélgica), Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Purpose: To test the performance of a new monofocal intraocular lens, intended to extend depth of focus (Tecnis Eyhance, ICB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc) (ICB-IOL), in comparison to a standard monofocal IOL (Tecnis 1-piece, ZCB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc) (ZCB-IOL) of the same platform and material. Methods: Assessment of the optical performance of the two IOLs was made in vitro using an optical test bench with a model eye. The spherical aberration, modulation transfer function (MTF), and area under the MTF (MTFa) were obtained for pupil sizes ranging from 2 to 5 mm. Through-focus MTFa curves between -3.00 and +1.00 diopters (D) were obtained with three pupil sizes (2, 3, and 4.5 mm). Halo formation was also assessed for both lenses. Results: The ICB-IOL had slightly worse optical quality at its best focus (ie, lower MTF scores at distance vision) and more negative spherical aberration than the ZCB-IOL for pupils ranging from 2 to 3 mm. The maximum of the through-focus MTFa curve of the ICB-IOL with a 2-mm pupil shifted to a myopic defocus of -0.50 D. For larger pupils (≥ 3.5 mm), there were no differences in spherical aberration, MTF scores, and halo energy between the two lenses. Conclusions: The new ICB-IOL is a modified monofocal lens with 0.50 D of additional power in its central 2-mm zone and more negative spherical aberration values, which induce a myopic shift of the maximum of optical quality and could improve intermediate vision. For pupils larger than 3.5 mm, there were no differences between IOLs. The new ICB-IOL design would produce photic phenomena comparable to a standard IOL., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, Fondos FEDER, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

To review binocular and accommodative disorders documented after corneal or intraocular refractive surgery, in normal healthy prepresbyopic patients. A bibliographic revision was performed; it included works published before 1st July 2017 where accommodation and/or binocularity was assessed following any type of refractive surgical procedure. The search in Pubmed yielded 1273 papers, 95 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Few publications reporting binocular vision and/or accommodative changes after refractive surgery in normal subjects were found. The reduction in fusional vergence is the most frequently reported alteration. Anisometropia is an important risk factor for postoperative binocular vision-related complaints. Most diplopia-related visual complaints, irrespective of the surgical procedure, were in fact misdiagnosed preoperative disorders. The preoperative evaluation of patients seeking spectacle/contact lens independence should include a complete binocular and accommodation assessment where parameters such as the phoric posture, accommodative amplitude and facility, near point of convergence, fusional reserves and accommodative convergence/accommodation coefficient are measured. This would allow the identification of risk factors that could compromise the success of the refractive surgery and cause clinical symptoms., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Purpose: To assess the biomechanical stability of three different marketed intraocular lenses (IOLs) with different haptic designs (four-loop IOL [Micro F FineVision model] and double C-loop IOL [POD F and POD FT models], all manufactured by PhysIOL), in silico (computer simulation) and in vivo (in the context of lens surgery). Methods: An in silico simulation investigation was performed using finite element modeling (FEM) software to reproduce the compression test defined by the International Organization for Standardization and in vivo implantation in patients in the context of lens surgery was evaluated 1 day and 3 months postoperatively. IOL decentration and rotation were tested. In addition, the stress and strains were analyzed with the finite element method. Results: In the in silico evaluation, the compression force for the POD F IOL was slightly lower than for the POD FT IOL and Micro F IOL for all compression diameters. The axial displacement was maximum for the POD FT IOL and the tilt, rotation, and lateral decentration were substantially lower than the acceptable tolerance limits established in ISO 11979-2. In the in vivo evaluation, a total of 45 eyes from 45 patients were selected, 15 eyes for each IOL model under assessment. Statistically significant differences were found between the Micro F and POD F IOLs for lateral decentration in the x-direction (in absolute value) at 3 months postoperatively (P = .03). Conclusions: Although statistically significant differences have been found when comparing the displacement, tilt, and rotation between the different lenses, these differences cannot be considered clinically relevant, which would suggest that all three IOL models yield excellent stability in those terms. FEM appears to be a powerful tool for numerical studies of the biomechanical properties of IOLs. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(9):617-624.], Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, Fondos FEDER, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Purpose: To demonstrate the influence of the surgeon's and the operating room (OR) technicians' experience upon the outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). Materials and methods: Our study included 250 eyes from 156 patients who had undergone either cataract surgery or clear-crystalline-lens extraction and where capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation had been performed using the CATALYS® Precision System femtosecond platform (Abbott Medical Optics Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA). The patients were operated either by an experienced surgeon in the use of femtosecond laser or by an inexperienced surgeon in that field and two technicians. The quantitative outcome measures were: Suction loss rate, vacuum time, number of consumables used by the patient, and intraoperative complication rate. Results: Both for the experienced and the inexperienced surgeons, suction loss rates as well as vacuum time decreased progressively as time went by and more surgical procedures had been completed by that surgeon. For a given surgeon suction time decreased significantly, going from 137 to 99s, as the assisting technician gradually gained experience. The number of consumables used in each procedure by the experienced surgeon ranged from 1.10 (for the first 50 cases) to 1.02 from those initial cases onwards. Regarding intraoperative complications, they also decreased progressively as the number of procedures completed by the surgeon increased. Conclusions: The experience of each team member involved in such procedures-be it surgeons or technicians-have an impact, to a greater or lesser extent, upon the surgery's outcome, as quantified by the outcome variables of choice., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

In recent years, the design of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has experienced a great deal of development and there is now a wide variety of designs. At the moment, some of the most interesting designs that allow for the greatest degree of innovation and customisation are lenses that combine a refractive part with a diffractive part

In recent years, the design of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has experienced a great deal of development and there is now a wide variety of designs. At the moment, some of the most interesting designs that allow for the greatest degree of innovation and customisation are lenses that combine a refractive part with a diffractive part.

In the long march to defend their activity, free and community radio stations have sought support from international Human Rights organizations. The Council of Europe has been the most proactive in their promotion at the European level, being the antecedent and basis of European Union policies in this area. However, there is a scarcity of studies on its work. The aim of this article is to know the origins and evolution of the Council’s policies on radio and community media, as well as their influence on these policies. On the one hand, declarations, recommendations, studies and other Council’s documents are analyzed, starting from a reconstruction of its interaction with the radios’ movement. On the other hand, it observes the appropriation of the notion of the right to communicate by both the Council and the radio stations. The methodology employed is qualitative, utilising documentary analysis and process tracking techniques., En la larga marcha para defender su actividad, las radios libres y comunitarias han apelado a los organismos internacionales de Derechos Humanos. El Consejo de Europa es el que más las ha promocionado en el ámbito europeo, siendo el antecedente y aportando el fundamento de las políticas de la Unión Europea en esta materia; su labor, sin embargo, apenas ha sido estudiada. El presente artículo pretende conocer la gestación y evolución de las políticas del Consejo sobre el sector, y la influencia de este en dichas políticas. Por un lado, se analizan declaraciones, recomendaciones, estudios y otros documentos emitidos por este organismo, a partir de una reconstrucción de su interacción con el movimiento de las radios. Por el otro, se observa la apropiación de la noción de derecho a comunicar por parte de ambos actores. La metodología empleada es cualitativa, aplicando las técnicas del análisis documental y el rastreo de procesos.

Exea es una infraestructura temática digital, de apoyo a la investigación abierta, colaborativa e interdisciplinar. Desarrollada íntegramente con código abierto suministra servicios digitales sostenibles para los proyectos, grupos y laboratorios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de los Institutos del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS) del CSIC. A través de Exea[1]se puede acceder a contenidos y datos estructurados resultantes de proyectos de investigación de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, de acuerdo a patrones y estándares científicos, como son los principios FAIR (acrónimo del inglés – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) permitiendo soportar todo el ciclo de vida de los datos digitales, su preservación e integridad, más allá de la vigencia temporal de los proyectos. Exea proporciona, además del alojamiento de las bases de datos, corpus de textos, aplicaciones y software adaptado a las necesidades de los proyectos, servicios interoperables sobre los datos, catálogos de metadatos, resultados de los análisis, recursos de visualización dinámica, documentación y herramientas tecnológicas que permiten descubrir, acceder, descargar, compartir, visibilizar, comparar y reutilizar la investigación que se realiza en las distintas disciplinas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades Digitales del CCHS, en un entorno de ciencia abierta. La IDE Imago Orbis, integrada en Exea está la IDE Imago Orbis que permite añadir la componente espacial a los datos existentes y hacer uso de los datos georreferenciados de los proyectos. La IDE Imago Orbis es un geoportal federado de datos, metadatos y servicios espaciales interoperables que proporciona un marco de trabajo abierto, en el que los distintos equipos de investigación pueden incorporar sus datos digitales georreferenciados, de manera que se garantiza su almacenamiento, publicación, difusión y reutilización a través de una interfaz única. Imago Orbis está constituida, asimismo, por un conjunto de nodos temáticos

En los últimos años, las metodologías educativas se orientan hacia un mayor protagonismo del alumno, su papel como agente y su responsabilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje. Esto se puso especialmente de manifiesto en el sistema universitario español al producirse la incorporación del mismo al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Las necesidades docentes para estas nuevas metodologías son diferentes a las de otras más tradicionales como la clase magistral, en la que el alumno tiene un papel pasivo como receptor de información. En el último curso, se ha sumado un factor añadido a la forma de impartir docencia, siendo este la necesidad de hacer partícipes de la clase no solo a alumnos que se encuentran en la misma aula que el profesor, sino también a otros conectados de manera online (enseñanza híbrida). La introducción de recursos y materiales físicos y digitales que permitan la adaptabilidad a situaciones y necesidades diversas y actuales es, por tanto, imprescindible, además de natural en nuestra sociedad. Para que estos cambios metodológicos puedan producirse con eficacia, deben ser acompañados de un cambio en el entorno de aprendizaje y sus recursos, ya que estos pueden ser un elemento limitante o favorecedor de la dinámica didáctica que se produce dentro del aula. La hiperaula presenta un espacio flexible que puede adaptarse a técnicas, métodos y metodologías múltiples, tanto tradicionales como recientes, así como unos recursos que permiten llevarlos a cabo.

Se diseña un estudio para estimar la potencia emetropizante de la lente intraocular, modificando por distometría y de forma retrospectiva la potencia real de la lente intraocular implantada. Se implementarán unos modelos regresivos no lineales, que utilicen como variable respuesta la potencia recalculada retrospectivamente y como predictores una serie de inputs biométricos.Se recopiló una muestra de 481 ojos intervenidos de cataratas por 4 cirujanos con distintos tipos de implantes intraoculares. Todos los ojos fueron medidos preoperatoriamente con IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Alemania) y Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Alemania) para la curvatura posterior corneal. Se preparó y se analizó el dataset para la selección de las variables eliminando correlaciones que produjeran colinealidad. La muestra se aleatorizó y posteriormente se dividió en dos partes con una ratio 80/20: entrenamiento (training) y validación (test) respectivamente.Se implementaron en crudo modelos regresivos mediante técnicas de Machine Learning y se entrenaron con la partición training. Posteriormente se optimizaron e hiperparametrizaron para mejorar y potenciar la predictibilidad. Se utilizaron técnicas de mejora (stacking) para ensamblar los mejores modelos finales, obteniendo un modelo definitivo al que se llamó Karmona®..., A study is designed to estimate the refractive power of the intraocular lens, back-calculated the real power of the implanted intraocular lens retrospectively by distometry. Non-linear regression models will be implemented, using the retrospectively back-calculated power as the response variable and biometric inputs as predictors.A sample of 481 eyes undergoing uneventful cataract surgery by 4 surgeons with different types of intraocular implants was collected. All eyes were measured preoperatively with IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) for corneal posterior curvature. The dataset was prepared and analyzed for variable selection by eliminating correlations that produced collinearity. The sample was randomized and subsequently split into two parts with a ratio 80 - 20: training and test.The regression models were implemented in raw form using Machine Learning techniques and trained with the training partition. Subsequently, they were optimized and hyperparameterized to improve and enhance predictability. Stacking techniques were used to assemble the best final models, obtaining a final model called Karmona®...

En los últimos años, las metodologías educativas se orientan hacia un mayor protagonismo del alumno, su papel como agente y su responsabilidad en el proceso de aprendizaje. Esto se puso especialmente de manifiesto en el sistema universitario español al producirse la incorporación del mismo al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Las necesidades docentes para estas nuevas metodologías son diferentes a las de otras más tradicionales como la clase magistral, en la que el alumno tiene un papel pasivo como receptor de información. En el último curso, se ha sumado un factor añadido a la forma de impartir docencia, siendo este la necesidad de hacer partícipes de la clase no solo a alumnos que se encuentran en la misma aula que el profesor, sino también a otros conectados de manera online (enseñanza híbrida). La introducción de recursos y materiales físicos y digitales que permitan la adaptabilidad a situaciones y necesidades diversas y actuales es, por tanto, imprescindible, además de natural en nuestra sociedad. Para que estos cambios metodológicos puedan producirse con eficacia, deben ser acompañados de un cambio en el entorno de aprendizaje y sus recursos, ya que estos pueden ser un elemento limitante o favorecedor de la dinámica didáctica que se produce dentro del aula. La hiperaula presenta un espacio flexible que puede adaptarse a técnicas, métodos y metodologías múltiples, tanto tradicionales como recientes, así como unos recursos que permiten llevarlos a cabo., In recent years, educational methodologies are oriented towards a greater role of the student, his role as an agent and his responsibility in the learning process. This was especially evident in the Spanish university system when it was incorporated into the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The teaching needs for these new methodologies are different from those of more traditional ones such as the master class, in which the student has a passive role as receiver of information. In the last year, an added factor has been added to the way of teaching, this being the need to involve in the class not only students who are in the same classroom as the teacher, but also others connected in a way online (hybrid teaching). The introduction of resources and physical and digital materials that allow adaptability to diverse and current situations and needs is, therefore, essential, as well as natural in our society. For these methodological changes to occur effectively, they must be accompanied by a change in the learning environment and its resources, since these can be a limiting or favorable element of the didactic dynamics that occurs within the classroom. The hyper-classroom presents a flexible space that can be adapted to multiple techniques, methods and methodologies, both traditional and recent, as well as resources that allow them to be carried out.

Se diseña un estudio para estimar la potencia emetropizante de la lente intraocular, modificando por distometría y de forma retrospectiva la potencia real de la lente intraocular implantada. Se implementarán unos modelos regresivos no lineales, que utilicen como variable respuesta la potencia recalculada retrospectivamente y como predictores una serie de inputs biométricos.Se recopiló una muestra de 481 ojos intervenidos de cataratas por 4 cirujanos con distintos tipos de implantes intraoculares. Todos los ojos fueron medidos preoperatoriamente con IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Alemania) y Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Alemania) para la curvatura posterior corneal. Se preparó y se analizó el dataset para la selección de las variables eliminando correlaciones que produjeran colinealidad. La muestra se aleatorizó y posteriormente se dividió en dos partes con una ratio 80/20: entrenamiento (training) y validación (test) respectivamente.Se implementaron en crudo modelos regresivos mediante técnicas de Machine Learning y se entrenaron con la partición training. Posteriormente se optimizaron e hiperparametrizaron para mejorar y potenciar la predictibilidad. Se utilizaron técnicas de mejora (stacking) para ensamblar los mejores modelos finales, obteniendo un modelo definitivo al que se llamó Karmona®..., A study is designed to estimate the refractive power of the intraocular lens, back-calculated the real power of the implanted intraocular lens retrospectively by distometry. Non-linear regression models will be implemented, using the retrospectively back-calculated power as the response variable and biometric inputs as predictors.A sample of 481 eyes undergoing uneventful cataract surgery by 4 surgeons with different types of intraocular implants was collected. All eyes were measured preoperatively with IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) for corneal posterior curvature. The dataset was prepared and analyzed for variable selection by eliminating correlations that produced collinearity. The sample was randomized and subsequently split into two parts with a ratio 80 - 20: training and test.The regression models were implemented in raw form using Machine Learning techniques and trained with the training partition. Subsequently, they were optimized and hyperparameterized to improve and enhance predictability. Stacking techniques were used to assemble the best final models, obtaining a final model called Karmona®...

Los proyectos de investigación de ciencias sociales y humanidades digitales, las técnicas de información y aplicaciones open source, en un contexto de ciencia abierta, permiten diseñar visualizaciones dinámicas con mapas y gráficos que facilitan el acceso a la información de forma intuitiva y ofreciendo nuevos puntos de vista y relaciones a la investigación. En este sentido, desde la unidad SIGyHD del centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales se ha desarrollado una infraestructura de datos de investigación que integra un visualizador dinámico con los datos y resultados de los proyectos de investigación de CCSS y HD. La estructura general del visualizador está compuesta por un web mapping y/o un gráfico. La tecnología aplicada en general es open source cumpliendo con las normas y estándares de la web. Los datos y metadatos se pueden descargar y compartir de forma libre en varios formatos estándar, de este modo se contribuye a la democratización de la información y los principios FAIR: buenas prácticas para la gestión y administración de datos científicos.

We comprehensively assessed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based fitness tests used to indicate adult health (19-64 years, with no known pathologies). The medical electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) were screened for studies published up to July 2020. Each original study's methodological quality was classified as high, low and very low, according to the number of participants, the description of the study population, statistical analysis and systematic reviews which were appraised via the AMSTAR rating scale. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. We identified 101 original studies (50 of high quality) and five systematic reviews examining the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in adults. Strong evidence indicated that the 20 m shuttle run, 1.5-mile, 12 min run/walk, YMCA step, 2 km walk and 6 min walk test are valid for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness; the handgrip strength test is valid for assessing hand maximal isometric strength; and the Biering-Sorensen test to evaluate the endurance strength of hip and back muscles; however, the sit-and reach test, and its different versions, and the toe-to-touch test are not valid for assessing hamstring and lower back flexibility. We found moderate evidence supporting that the 20 m square shuttle run test is a valid test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. Other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to few studies. We developed an evidence-based proposal of the most valid field-based fitness tests in healthy adults aged 19-64 years old.

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery.

Se diseña un estudio para estimar la potencia emetropizante de la lente intraocular, modificando por distometría y de forma retrospectiva la potencia real de la lente intraocular implantada. Se implementarán unos modelos regresivos no lineales, que utilicen como variable respuesta la potencia recalculada retrospectivamente y como predictores una serie de inputs biométricos.Se recopiló una muestra de 481 ojos intervenidos de cataratas por 4 cirujanos con distintos tipos de implantes intraoculares. Todos los ojos fueron medidos preoperatoriamente con IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Alemania) y Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Alemania) para la curvatura posterior corneal. Se preparó y se analizó el dataset para la selección de las variables eliminando correlaciones que produjeran colinealidad. La muestra se aleatorizó y posteriormente se dividió en dos partes con una ratio 80/20: entrenamiento (training) y validación (test) respectivamente.Se implementaron en crudo modelos regresivos mediante técnicas de Machine Learning y se entrenaron con la partición training. Posteriormente se optimizaron e hiperparametrizaron para mejorar y potenciar la predictibilidad. Se utilizaron técnicas de mejora (stacking) para ensamblar los mejores modelos finales, obteniendo un modelo definitivo al que se llamó Karmona®...

En los últimos años el estudio de los aspectos técnicos y organizativos está contribuyendo activamente al conocimiento y a la conservación de las obras artísticas. En este contexto, la documentación de la Alhambra ofrece una oportunidad excepcional para profundizar en el desarrollo de la pintura mural del siglo XVI en España. Como resultado del análisis de las fuentes documentales y visuales, en este artículo se aborda la gestación y organización de los talleres de Julio Aquiles y Alexandre Mayner en Granada y en Úbeda. Un estudio rigurosoque evidencia la relevancia de los pintores en la difusión de la pintura mural y en la trayectoria de algunos de sus colaboradores más representativos, como son Gaspar Becerra y Antonio Sánchez Ceria. De esta forma, se presenta un tema de gran actualidad que favorece el surgimiento de nuevas líneas de investigación en la Historia del Arte, In recent years the study of technical and organizational aspects is actively contributing to the knowledge and conservation of artistic works. In this context, the documentation of the Alhambra offers an exceptional opportunity to deepen the development of 16th century mural painting in Spain. As a result of the analysis of documentary and visual sources, this article discusses the gestation and organization of the workshops of Julio Aquiles and Alexandre Mayner in Granada and in Ebeda. A rigorous study that demonstrates the relevance of painters in the dissemination of mural painting and in the trajectory of some of their most representative collaborators, such as Gaspar Becerra and Antonio Sánchez Ceria. In this way, a topical topic is presented that favors the emergence of new lines of research in the History of Art

En los últimos años el estudio de los aspectos técnicos y organizativos está contribuyendo activamente al conocimiento y a la conservación de las obras artísticas. En este contexto, la documentación de la Alhambra ofrece una oportunidad excepcional para profundizar en el desarrollo de la pintura mural del siglo XVI en España. Como resultado del análisis de las fuentes documentales y visuales, en este artículo se aborda la gestación y organización de los talleres de Julio Aquiles y Alexandre Mayner en Granada y en Úbeda. Un estudio rigurosoque evidencia la relevancia de los pintores en la difusión de la pintura mural y en la trayectoria de algunos de sus colaboradores más representativos, como son Gaspar Becerra y Antonio Sánchez Ceria. De esta forma, se presenta un tema de gran actualidad que favorece el surgimiento de nuevas líneas de investigación en la Historia del Arte, In recent years the study of technical and organizational aspects is actively contributing to the knowledge and conservation of artistic works. In this context, the documentation of the Alhambra offers an exceptional opportunity to deepen the development of 16th century mural painting in Spain. As a result of the analysis of documentary and visual sources, this article discusses the gestation and organization of the workshops of Julio Aquiles and Alexandre Mayner in Granada and in Ebeda. A rigorous study that demonstrates the relevance of painters in the dissemination of mural painting and in the trajectory of some of their most representative collaborators, such as Gaspar Becerra and Antonio Sánchez Ceria. In this way, a topical topic is presented that favors the emergence of new lines of research in the History of Art

Se diseña un estudio para estimar la potencia emetropizante de la lente intraocular, modificando por distometría y de forma retrospectiva la potencia real de la lente intraocular implantada. Se implementarán unos modelos regresivos no lineales, que utilicen como variable respuesta la potencia recalculada retrospectivamente y como predictores una serie de inputs biométricos.Se recopiló una muestra de 481 ojos intervenidos de cataratas por 4 cirujanos con distintos tipos de implantes intraoculares. Todos los ojos fueron medidos preoperatoriamente con IOL Master® 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Alemania) y Pentacam® HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Alemania) para la curvatura posterior corneal. Se preparó y se analizó el dataset para la selección de las variables eliminando correlaciones que produjeran colinealidad. La muestra se aleatorizó y posteriormente se dividió en dos partes con una ratio 80/20: entrenamiento (training) y validación (test) respectivamente.Se implementaron en crudo modelos regresivos mediante técnicas de Machine Learning y se entrenaron con la partición training. Posteriormente se optimizaron e hiperparametrizaron para mejorar y potenciar la predictibilidad. Se utilizaron técnicas de mejora (stacking) para ensamblar los mejores modelos finales, obteniendo un modelo definitivo al que se llamó Karmona®...

Poner la última tecnología similar a la innovación en el sector de la Optometría para atención primaria a pacientes teniendo en cuanta la inserción laboral, inclusión y accesibilidad utilizando competencias digitales simples en interacción en la nube.

La presbicia, también conocida como vista cansada, es una pérdida de la amplitud de acomodación asociada a la edad. Se produce por el aumento del grosor y endurecimiento del cristalino, ya que está en continuo crecimiento. Es capaz de enfocar objetos a diferentes distancias gracias a su mecanismo de acomodación, que es la capacidad que tiene el cristalino de cambiar su forma y potencia para el enfoque de objetos lejanos y próximos. Con el tiempo pierde transparencia, flexibilidad y aumenta su rigidez, siendo una de las principales causas de la presbicia. Por ello es un problema que afecta a mil millones de personas en todo el mundo, causando problemas en la calidad de vida. La presbicia depende de la edad, pero también existen otros factores como la refracción del sujeto, costumbres, hábitos, distancia de trabajo, medios económicos, factores ambientales, etc. Tras muchos años de estudios, el mecanismo de la acomodación sigue siendo un tema de controversia. Han surgido diferentes teorías a lo largo de la historia, pero la mayoría están basados en la teoría de Helmholtz. Atendiendo a la literatura científica, existen diferentes técnicas de corrección recomendadas para la presbicia. Las lentes oftálmicas son el método principal para mejorar los síntomas. Dentro de las lentes oftálmicas distinguimos las lentes monofocales que aportan una graduación determinada para una sola distancia, las lentes bifocales que fueron las pioneras en la compensación de ametropías a varias distancias, siendo útiles solo en VL y VP y las lentes progresivas que aportan la visión intermedia además de la lejana y cercana. Las lentes de contacto son otro método de corrección. Proporcionan un amplio campo visual porque están más cerca del ojo y producen menos distorsiones que las lentes monofocales. Existen diferentes posibilidades para compensar la presbicia con lentes de contacto: LC para lejos con gafas para cerca, LC para cerca con gafas para lejos, monovisión en donde un ojo se corrige para

Poner la última tecnología similar a la innovación en el sector de la Optometría para atención primaria a pacientes teniendo en cuanta la inserción laboral, inclusión y accesibilidad utilizando competencias digitales simples en interacción en la nube., Putting the latest technology similar to innovation in the Optometry sector for primary care for patients taking into account job placement, inclusion and accessibility using simple digital skills in interaction in the cloud.

Objetivo: Evaluar si la agudeza visual en el momento del tratamiento (AV pretratamiento) puede ser un factor pronóstico del resultado obtenido tras el tratamiento en pacientes con Degeneración Macular Asociada a la Edad (DMAE) tratados con Eylea (Aflibercept). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo compuesto por 131 ojos de 116 pacientes con DMAE húmeda de la Clínica Oftalmológica Miranza IOA de Madrid donde todo ellos fueron tratados con Eylea (Aflibercept). Los pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos según la agudeza visual que tenían antes de iniciar el tratamiento y se estudió su evolución durante un año (grupo 1: pacientes con AV comprendidas entre 0 y 0.25 logMAR, grupo 2: pacientes con AV comprendidas entre 0.25 y 0.75 logMAR y grupo 3: pacientes con AV comprendidas entre 0.75 y 1.3 logMAR). También se analizó la influencia del número de inyecciones en la AV de los pacientes. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes era de 76.44 ± 10.00 años. Se encontró que la AV media de los pacientes al finalizar el año del estudio es mejor que la AV media inicial, siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. En pacientes que partían de una peor AV (grupo 3) se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (pvalor < 0.05) entre la AV inicial y la AV final, al igual que en el grupo 2. En el grupo 1 (pacientes con mejor AV inicial) no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p-valor = 0.138) entre ambas agudezas visuales. Se observó que los pacientes con peor AV pretratamiento mejoraron más que los pacientes con mejor AV previa. La relación entre el número de inyecciones administradas a los pacientes y su AV previa al tratamiento fue estadísticamente significativa (p-valor < 0.05). Conclusiones: En general, los pacientes tratados con Eylea mejoran su AV tras un año de tratamiento, siendo los pacientes con peor AV inicial los que más mejoran, por lo que la AV puede utilizarse como factor pronóstico en el tratamiento de la, Purpose: To evaluate whether visual acuity at the time of treatment (pretreatment VA) can be a prognostic factor for the results obtained after treatment in patients with AgeRelated Macular Degeneration (AMD) treated with Eylea (Aflibercept). Material and method: A retrospective study was carried out consisting of 131 eyes of 116 patients with wet AMD at the Miranza IOA Ophthalmology Clinic in Madrid, where all of them were treated with Eylea (Aflibercept). The patients were divided into three groups according to the visual acuity before starting the treatment and their evolution was studied for one year (group 1: patients with VA between 0 and 0.25 logMAR, group 2: patients with VA between 0.25 and 0.75 logMAR and group 3: patients with VA between 0.75 and 1.3 logMAR). The influence of the number of injections in the VA of the patients was also analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 76.44 ± 10.00 years. The mean VA of the patients at the end of the study year was found to be better than the initial mean VA, being this difference statistically significant. In patients starting from a worse VA (group 3) statistically significant differences (p-value < .05) were observed between both visual acuities. Patients with worse pretreatment VA were observed to improve more than patients with better previous VA. The relationship between the number of injections and the pretreatment VA was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients treated with Eylea improve their VA after one-year of treatment, with patients with worse initial VA improving the most, so VA can be used as a prognostic factor in the treatment of wet AMD with Eylea. The number of intravitreal injections of the drug does not influence the improvement or worsening of VA in patients.

En los últimos años el estudio de los aspectos técnicos y organizativos está contribuyendo activamente al conocimiento y a la conservación de las obras artísticas. En este contexto, la documentación de la Alhambra ofrece una oportunidad excepcional para profundizar en el desarrollo de la pintura mural del siglo XVI en España. Como resultado del análisis de las fuentes documentales y visuales, en este artículo se aborda la gestación y organización de los talleres de Julio Aquiles y Alexandre Mayner en Granada y en Úbeda. Un estudio rigurosoque evidencia la relevancia de los pintores en la difusión de la pintura mural y en la trayectoria de algunos de sus colaboradores más representativos, como son Gaspar Becerra y Antonio Sánchez Ceria. De esta forma, se presenta un tema de gran actualidad que favorece el surgimiento de nuevas líneas de investigación en la Historia del Arte, In recent years the study of technical and organizational aspects is actively contributing to the knowledge and conservation of artistic works. In this context, the documentation of the Alhambra offers an exceptional opportunity to deepen the development of 16th century mural painting in Spain. As a result of the analysis of documentary and visual sources, this article discusses the gestation and organization of the workshops of Julio Aquiles and Alexandre Mayner in Granada and in Ebeda. A rigorous study that demonstrates the relevance of painters in the dissemination of mural painting and in the trajectory of some of their most representative collaborators, such as Gaspar Becerra and Antonio Sánchez Ceria. In this way, a topical topic is presented that favors the emergence of new lines of research in the History of Art

En los últimos años el estudio de los aspectos técnicos y organizativos está contribuyendo activamente al conocimiento y a la conservación de las obras artísticas. En este contexto, la documentación de la Alhambra ofrece una oportunidad excepcional para profundizar en el desarrollo de la pintura mural del siglo XVI en España. Como resultado del análisis de las fuentes documentales y visuales, en este artículo se aborda la gestación y organización de los talleres de Julio Aquiles y Alexandre Mayner en Granada y en Úbeda. Un estudio rigurosoque evidencia la relevancia de los pintores en la difusión de la pintura mural y en la trayectoria de algunos de sus colaboradores más representativos, como son Gaspar Becerra y Antonio Sánchez Ceria. De esta forma, se presenta un tema de gran actualidad que favorece el surgimiento de nuevas líneas de investigación en la Historia del Arte, In recent years the study of technical and organizational aspects is actively contributing to the knowledge and conservation of artistic works. In this context, the documentation of the Alhambra offers an exceptional opportunity to deepen the development of 16th century mural painting in Spain. As a result of the analysis of documentary and visual sources, this article discusses the gestation and organization of the workshops of Julio Aquiles and Alexandre Mayner in Granada and in Ebeda. A rigorous study that demonstrates the relevance of painters in the dissemination of mural painting and in the trajectory of some of their most representative collaborators, such as Gaspar Becerra and Antonio Sánchez Ceria. In this way, a topical topic is presented that favors the emergence of new lines of research in the History of Art

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) a través del Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales1 (CCHS) y de sus grupos de investigación y unidades científico-técnicas, como la unidad de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Humanidades Digitales (SIGyHD), ha desarrollado en los últimos años aplicaciones web mapping y geoportales de datos de investigación, como BDTNS2, JAE EDUCA3 HISDIMAD4, IDEArq5, ALPI6, Danza en la Edad de Plata7, etc.; con temáticas y objetivos diversos, pero con el denominador común de servir de canales de transferencia de los resultados de investigación a la comunidad científica y a la sociedad en general, que materializa el compromiso del CSIC con el fomento de la cultura y el acceso abierto al conocimiento científico, generado a través de los proyectos de investigación, sobre todo los ejecutados con financiación pública (CSIC, 2019). Dada la envergadura y la relevancia de estas aplicaciones se hace necesario la creación de una infraestructura que vertebre y ordene todos estos desarrollos manteniendo su idiosincrasia, pero bajo el marco de interoperabilidad que ofrecen las diferentes normas y especificaciones creadas por los organismos competentes y en sintonía con las iniciativas promovidas por los programas marco de ciencia e innovación nacionales y europeos. La Infraestructura, Imago Orbis, permite modelar, integrar y poner en acceso abierto datos espaciales, generados en el marco de la investigación de distintas disciplinas de humanidades y CCSS, datos de estudios socio-demográficos, recursos sociales, estudios agrarios y de paisaje, estudios territoriales y de políticas sostenibles, arqueología, patrimonio cultural, geolingüística, cartografía antigua, datos históricos de navegación, comercio e intercambio cultural, antropología, etc. Este objetivo se apoya en dos realidades clave: Por un lado, la convergencia con la directiva INSPIRE y, por otro, la filosofía de “ciencia abierta” que nos empuja a trabajar en el acceso a los

Algunos de los desafíos que plantean las humanidades digitales (HD) requieren de la creación de infraestructuras de investigación que aborden los nuevos retos que supone el uso de las Tecnologías de Información, en todas las fases del proceso científico y para la generación de una ciencia "centrada en los datos". Para ello, desde el Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS) del CSIC, la unidad de sistemas de información geográfica y humanidades digitales (SIGyHD), ha trabajado para la creación de una infraestructura de datos científicos, con un objetivo ambicioso como es el facilitar el punto de inflexión digital en la investigación de humanidades y ciencias sociales en este Centro. Esta infraestructura digital, entendida como espacio virtual de encuentro de distintos actores y temáticas, deberá facilitar la colaboración eficiente entre investigadores y la compartición de recursos tecnológicos. Asimismo, pretende proporcionar servicios digitales duraderos que permitan soportar las diversas etapas del ciclo de vida de los proyectos de investigación, gestionar grandes repositorios, permitir el procesamiento, la conservación, el acceso y la interoperabilidad de los datos científicos, mediante soluciones basadas en estándares y normas abiertas, que puedan mantenerse y perfeccionarse a lo largo del tiempo. Con estas premisas, se ha creado una Infraestructura de datos en el CCHS que hemos denominado Exea (https://exea.csic.es)

Imago Orbis: Research Data Infrastructure in Social Sciences and Spatial Humanities of the CSIC The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) with The Centre for Human and Social Sciences through the research groups and technical services units such as Unit of Geographic Information Systems & Digital Humanities have developed during the last years Web Mapping Applications: HISDIMAD, IDEArq, BDTNS, Naval trade history map, etcetera. The themes and objectives of these applications are diverse but with a common denominator: generating a knowledge transfer channels between scientific community and society at large, that materializes the commitment of CSIC to Open Access to scientific knowledge generated through projects financed by Public Funds In this context is necessary the creation of proper infrastructure for arranging and structuring the technological developments, within the framework of interoperability offered by the different standards and specifications created by the competent bodies and in line with the initiatives promoted by the national and European science and innovation framework programs. Imago Orbis was created as the Research Data Infrastructure in Social Sciences and Spatial Humanities at the CSIC. Imago Orbis allows the integration of the different thematic nodes and Digital Humanities projects data sets, facilitating the search, discovery and combination of georeferenced thematic information resulting from the different research projects, in an interoperable way, according to the principles of transparency, accountability and reuse of the information generated within the framework of the different CCHS research projects. The technical and methodological approach of Imago Orbis aims to be a tool that combines the spirit of Spatial Data Infrastructure and the essence of the Digital Humanities. A viewer is being developed for this purpose.

The importance of drawings made by Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen in the Battle of Tunisia of 1535 is unquestionable in the becoming of the paintings of battles, but also, in the painting of maps, since then, cartographic devices became key elements for the exaltation of monarchs and rulers. However, so far it has gone unnoticed that the first cycles were these strategies were used were the mural paintings of the Tunis Campaign made between 1536 and 1546. Throughout this article are presented Tunisian Hall of the palace of Marmirolo in Mantua, the lodge of the Orsini palace in Anguillara and the Tunisian Hall of the Alhambra of Granada, sets, so far not studied in their context, which present a propaganda use of landscape painting and the war representations of the territory., La relevancia de los dibujos realizados por Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen durante la Campaña de Túnez de 1535 resulta incuestionable en el devenir de las pinturas de batallas, pero también, en la pintura de mapas, puesto que, desde entonces, los dispositivos cartográficos se convirtieron en elementos clave para la exaltación de monarcas y gobernantes. Sin embargo, hasta ahora ha pasado inadvertido que los primeros ciclos en los que se emplearon estas estrategias fueron los murales de la Campaña de Túnez realizadas entre 1536 y 1546. A lo largo de este artículo se presentan las pinturas Sala de Túnez del palacio de Marmirolo en Mantua, la logia del palacio Orsini en Anguillara y la Sala de Túnez de la Alhambra de Granada, conjuntos, no estudiados hasta ahora en su contexto, que presentan un uso propagandístico de la pintura de paisaje y de las representaciones bélicas del territorio.

Por cuarto año consecutivo los doctorandos de la Facultad de Óptica y Optometría de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid cuentan con un congreso propio organizado por y para ellos, el 4º PhDAY- FOO. Se trata de un congreso gratuito abierto en la que estos jóvenes científicos podrán presentar sus investigaciones al resto de sus compañeros predoctorales y a toda la comunidad universitaria que quiera disfrutar de este evento. Apunta en tu agenda: el 15 de octubre de 2020. En esta ocasión será un Congreso On-line para evitar que la incertidumbre asociada a la pandemia Covid-19 pudiera condicionar su celebración.

El objetivo de este proyecto es el de diseñar y desarrollar un método de evaluación que permita valorar, de manera objetiva, a los alumnos de la asignatura de Prácticas Clínicas del Master de Optometría y Visión de la Facultad de Óptica y Optometría durante la realización de dichas prácticas en un Hospital Universitario con pacientes reales.