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1. Susceptibility Testing of Environmental and Clinical Aspergillus sydowii Demonstrates Potent Activity of Various Antifungals

Author: MMB, MMB Medische Staf, Spruijtenburg, Bram, Rezusta, Antonio, Houbraken, Jos, Hagen, Ferry, de Groot, Theun, Meis, Jacques F., Meijer, Eelco F.J., MMB, MMB Medische Staf, Spruijtenburg, Bram, Rezusta, Antonio, Houbraken, Jos, Hagen, Ferry, de Groot, Theun, Meis, Jacques F., and Meijer, Eelco F.J.
Published: 2024

2. Susceptibility Testing of Environmental and Clinical Aspergillus sydowii Demonstrates Potent Activity of Various Antifungals

Author: Spruijtenburg, Bram, Rezusta, Antonio, Houbraken, Jos, Hagen, Ferry, de Groot, Theun, Meis, Jacques F, Meijer, Eelco F J, Spruijtenburg, Bram, Rezusta, Antonio, Houbraken, Jos, Hagen, Ferry, de Groot, Theun, Meis, Jacques F, and Meijer, Eelco F J
Abstract: The genus Aspergillus consists of a vast number of medically and environmentally relevant species. Aspergillus species classified in series Versicolores are ubiquitous in the environment and include the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus sydowii, which is associated with onychomycosis and superficial skin infections. Despite frequent clinical reports of A. sydowii and related series Versicolores species, antifungal susceptibility data are scarce, hampering optimal treatment choices and subsequent patient outcomes. Here, we employed antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) based on microbroth dilution on a set of 155 series Versicolores strains using the common antifungals amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and micafungin with the addition of luliconazole and olorofim. All strains were identified using partial calmodulin gene sequencing, with 145 being A. sydowii, seven A. creber and three A. versicolor, using the latest taxonomic insights. Overall, tested antifungals were potent against the entire strain collection. In comparison to A. fumigatus, azole and amphotericin B MICs were slightly elevated for some strains. AFST with luliconazole and olorofim, here reported for the first time, displayed the highest in vitro activity, making these antifungals interesting alternative drugs but clinical studies are warranted for future therapeutic use.
Published: 2024

3. WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health

Author: Bertagnolio, Silvia, Dobreva, Zlatina, Centner, Chad M, Olaru, Ioana Diana, Donà, Daniele, Burzo, Stefano, Huttner, Benedikt D, Chaillon, Antoine, Gebreselassie, Nebiat, Wi, Teodora, Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Sati, Hatim, Ivanovska, Verica, Kothari, Kavita U, Balkhy, Hanan H, Cassini, Alessandro, Hamers, Raph L, Weezenbeek, Kitty Van, Aanensen, David, Alanio, Alexandre, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alemayehu, Tinsae, Al-Hasan, Majdi, Allegaert, Karel, Al-Maani, Amal Saif, Al-Salman, Jameela, Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar, Amir, Afreenish, Applegate, Tanya, Araj, George F, Villalobos, Marlen Arce, Årdal, Christine, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Babin, François-Xavier, Bachmann, Laura H, Bachmann, Till, Baker, Kate Susan, Balasegaram, Manica, Bamford, Colleen, Baquero, Fernando, Barcelona, Laura Isabel, Bassat, Quique, Bassetti, Matteo, Basu, Sulagna, Beardsley, Justin, Vásquez, Grey Benoit, Berkley, James A, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Bielicki, Julia, Bines, Julie, Bongomin, Felix, Bonomo, Robert A, Bradley, John S, Bradshaw, Catriona, Brett, Ana, Brink, Adrian, Brown, Colin, Brown, Jeremy, Buising, Kirsty, Carson, Carolee, Carvalho, Anna Cristina, Castagnola, Elio, Cavaleri, Marco, Cecchini, Michele, Chabala, Chishala, Chaisson, Richard E, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chandler, Clare, Chandy, Sujith John, Charani, Esmita, Chen, Lisa, Chiara, Francesca, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Chua, Arlene, Chuki, Pem, Chun, Doo Ryeon, Churchyard, Gavin, Cirillo, Daniela, Clack, Lauren, Coffin, Susan E, Cohn, Jennifer, Cole, Michelle, Conly, John, Cooper, Ben, Corso, Alejandra, Cosgrove, Sara E, Cox, Helen, Daley, Charles L, Darboe, Saffiatou, Darton, Tom, Davies, Gerry, de Egea, Viviana, Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Deeves, Miranda, Denkinger, Claudia, Dillon, Jo-Anne R, Dramowski, Angela, Eley, Brian, Roberta Esposito, Susanna Maria, Essack, Sabiha Y, Farida, Helmia, Farooqi, Joveria, Feasey, Nicholas, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Fifer, Helen, Finlayson, Heather, Frick, Mike, Gales, Ana Cristina, Galli, Luisa, Gandra, Sumanth, Gerber, Jeffrey S, Giske, Christian, Gordon, Bruce, Govender, Nelesh, Guessennd, Nathalie, Guindo, Ibrehima, Gurbanova, Elmira, Gwee, Amanda, Hagen, Ferry, Harbarth, Stephan, Haze, John, Heim, Jutta, Hendriksen, Rene, Heyderman, Robert Simon, Holt, Kathryn Elizabeth, Hönigl, Martin, Hook, Edward W, Hope, William, Hopkins, Heidi, Hughes, Gwenda, Ismail, Ghada, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, Jacobs, Jan, Jasovský, Dušan, Jehan, Fyeza, Pearson, Antonieta Jimenez, Jones, Makoto, Joshi, Mohan P, Kapil, Arti, Kariuki, Samuel, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kearns, Gregory L, Keddy, Karen Helena, Khanna, Nina, Kitamura, Akiko, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kotwani, Anita, Kozlov, Roman S, Kranzer, Katharina, Kularatne, Ranmini, Lahra, Monica M, Langford, Bradley J, Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Larsson, Joakim, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lee, Hyukmin, Lessa, Fernanda, Levin, Anna S, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Lincopan, Nilton, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Lodha, Rakesh, Loeb, Mark, Longtin, Yves, Lye, David Chien, Mahmud, Asif Mujtaba, Manaia, Célia, Manderson, Lenore, Mareković, Ivana, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Martin, Irene, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Mei, Zeng, Meis, Jacques F, Lyra Tavares De Melo, Flávio Augusto, Mendelson, Marc, Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Moore, David, Morel, Chantal, Moremi, Nyambura, Moro, Maria Luisa, Moussy, Francis, Mshana, Stephen, Mueller, Arno, Ndow, Francis J, Nicol, Mark, Nunn, Andrew, Obaro, Stephen, Obiero, Christina W, Okeke, Iruka N, Okomo, Uduak, Okwor, Tochi J, Oladele, Rita, Omulo, Sylvia, Ondoa, Pascale, Ortellado de Canese, Juana Medarda, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Pai, Madhukar, Park, Benjamin, Parkhill, Julian, Parry, Christopher M, Peeling, Rosanna, Sobreira Vieira Peixe, Luísa Maria, Perovic, Olga, Pettigrew, Melinda M, Principi, Nicola, Pulcini, Céline, Puspandari, Nelly, Rawson, Timothy, Reddy, Denasha Lavanya, Reddy, Kessendri, Redner, Paulo, Rodríguez Tudela, Juan Luis, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Van Katwyk, Susan Rogers, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rollier, Christine, Rollock, Leslie, Ronat, Jean-Baptiste, Ruppe, Etienne, Sadarangani, Manish, Salisbury, David, Salou, Mounerou, Samison, Luc Hervé, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sartelli, Massimo, Schellack, Natalie, Schouten, Jeroen, Schwaber, Mitchell J, Seni, Jeremiah, Senok, Abiola, Shafer, William M, Shakoor, Sadia, Sheppard, Donald, Shin, Jong-Hee, Sia, Sonia, Sievert, Dawn, Singh, Ishwar, Singla, Rupak, Skov, Robert Leo, Soge, Olusegun O, Sprute, Rosanne, Srinivasan, Arjun, Srinivasan, Subasree, Sundsfjord, Arnfinn, Tacconelli, Evelina, Tahseen, Sabira, Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Tängdén, Thomas, Thursky, Karin, Thwaites, Guy, Tigulini de Souza Peral, Renata, Tong, Deborah, Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, Tsioutis, Constantinos, Turner, Katy M, Turner, Paul, Omar, Shaheed Vally, van de Sande, Wendy WJ, van den Hof, Susan, van Doorn, Rogier, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Verweij, Paul, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Hui, Warris, Adilia, Weinstock, Hillard, Wesangula, Evelyn, Whiley, David, White, Peter J, Williams, Phoebe, Xiao, Yonghong, Moscoso, Martin Yagui, Yang, Hsu Li, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Yu, Yunsong, Żabicka, Dorota, Zignol, Matteo, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Dobreva, Zlatina, Centner, Chad M, Olaru, Ioana Diana, Donà, Daniele, Burzo, Stefano, Huttner, Benedikt D, Chaillon, Antoine, Gebreselassie, Nebiat, Wi, Teodora, Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Sati, Hatim, Ivanovska, Verica, Kothari, Kavita U, Balkhy, Hanan H, Cassini, Alessandro, Hamers, Raph L, Weezenbeek, Kitty Van, Aanensen, David, Alanio, Alexandre, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alemayehu, Tinsae, Al-Hasan, Majdi, Allegaert, Karel, Al-Maani, Amal Saif, Al-Salman, Jameela, Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar, Amir, Afreenish, Applegate, Tanya, Araj, George F, Villalobos, Marlen Arce, Årdal, Christine, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Babin, François-Xavier, Bachmann, Laura H, Bachmann, Till, Baker, Kate Susan, Balasegaram, Manica, Bamford, Colleen, Baquero, Fernando, Barcelona, Laura Isabel, Bassat, Quique, Bassetti, Matteo, Basu, Sulagna, Beardsley, Justin, Vásquez, Grey Benoit, Berkley, James A, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Bielicki, Julia, Bines, Julie, Bongomin, Felix, Bonomo, Robert A, Bradley, John S, Bradshaw, Catriona, Brett, Ana, Brink, Adrian, Brown, Colin, Brown, Jeremy, Buising, Kirsty, Carson, Carolee, Carvalho, Anna Cristina, Castagnola, Elio, Cavaleri, Marco, Cecchini, Michele, Chabala, Chishala, Chaisson, Richard E, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chandler, Clare, Chandy, Sujith John, Charani, Esmita, Chen, Lisa, Chiara, Francesca, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Chua, Arlene, Chuki, Pem, Chun, Doo Ryeon, Churchyard, Gavin, Cirillo, Daniela, Clack, Lauren, Coffin, Susan E, Cohn, Jennifer, Cole, Michelle, Conly, John, Cooper, Ben, Corso, Alejandra, Cosgrove, Sara E, Cox, Helen, Daley, Charles L, Darboe, Saffiatou, Darton, Tom, Davies, Gerry, de Egea, Viviana, Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Deeves, Miranda, Denkinger, Claudia, Dillon, Jo-Anne R, Dramowski, Angela, Eley, Brian, Roberta Esposito, Susanna Maria, Essack, Sabiha Y, Farida, Helmia, Farooqi, Joveria, Feasey, Nicholas, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Fifer, Helen, Finlayson, Heather, Frick, Mike, Gales, Ana Cristina, Galli, Luisa, Gandra, Sumanth, Gerber, Jeffrey S, Giske, Christian, Gordon, Bruce, Govender, Nelesh, Guessennd, Nathalie, Guindo, Ibrehima, Gurbanova, Elmira, Gwee, Amanda, Hagen, Ferry, Harbarth, Stephan, Haze, John, Heim, Jutta, Hendriksen, Rene, Heyderman, Robert Simon, Holt, Kathryn Elizabeth, Hönigl, Martin, Hook, Edward W, Hope, William, Hopkins, Heidi, Hughes, Gwenda, Ismail, Ghada, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, Jacobs, Jan, Jasovský, Dušan, Jehan, Fyeza, Pearson, Antonieta Jimenez, Jones, Makoto, Joshi, Mohan P, Kapil, Arti, Kariuki, Samuel, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kearns, Gregory L, Keddy, Karen Helena, Khanna, Nina, Kitamura, Akiko, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kotwani, Anita, Kozlov, Roman S, Kranzer, Katharina, Kularatne, Ranmini, Lahra, Monica M, Langford, Bradley J, Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Larsson, Joakim, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lee, Hyukmin, Lessa, Fernanda, Levin, Anna S, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Lincopan, Nilton, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Lodha, Rakesh, Loeb, Mark, Longtin, Yves, Lye, David Chien, Mahmud, Asif Mujtaba, Manaia, Célia, Manderson, Lenore, Mareković, Ivana, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Martin, Irene, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Mei, Zeng, Meis, Jacques F, Lyra Tavares De Melo, Flávio Augusto, Mendelson, Marc, Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Moore, David, Morel, Chantal, Moremi, Nyambura, Moro, Maria Luisa, Moussy, Francis, Mshana, Stephen, Mueller, Arno, Ndow, Francis J, Nicol, Mark, Nunn, Andrew, Obaro, Stephen, Obiero, Christina W, Okeke, Iruka N, Okomo, Uduak, Okwor, Tochi J, Oladele, Rita, Omulo, Sylvia, Ondoa, Pascale, Ortellado de Canese, Juana Medarda, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Pai, Madhukar, Park, Benjamin, Parkhill, Julian, Parry, Christopher M, Peeling, Rosanna, Sobreira Vieira Peixe, Luísa Maria, Perovic, Olga, Pettigrew, Melinda M, Principi, Nicola, Pulcini, Céline, Puspandari, Nelly, Rawson, Timothy, Reddy, Denasha Lavanya, Reddy, Kessendri, Redner, Paulo, Rodríguez Tudela, Juan Luis, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Van Katwyk, Susan Rogers, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rollier, Christine, Rollock, Leslie, Ronat, Jean-Baptiste, Ruppe, Etienne, Sadarangani, Manish, Salisbury, David, Salou, Mounerou, Samison, Luc Hervé, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sartelli, Massimo, Schellack, Natalie, Schouten, Jeroen, Schwaber, Mitchell J, Seni, Jeremiah, Senok, Abiola, Shafer, William M, Shakoor, Sadia, Sheppard, Donald, Shin, Jong-Hee, Sia, Sonia, Sievert, Dawn, Singh, Ishwar, Singla, Rupak, Skov, Robert Leo, Soge, Olusegun O, Sprute, Rosanne, Srinivasan, Arjun, Srinivasan, Subasree, Sundsfjord, Arnfinn, Tacconelli, Evelina, Tahseen, Sabira, Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Tängdén, Thomas, Thursky, Karin, Thwaites, Guy, Tigulini de Souza Peral, Renata, Tong, Deborah, Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, Tsioutis, Constantinos, Turner, Katy M, Turner, Paul, Omar, Shaheed Vally, van de Sande, Wendy WJ, van den Hof, Susan, van Doorn, Rogier, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Verweij, Paul, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Hui, Warris, Adilia, Weinstock, Hillard, Wesangula, Evelyn, Whiley, David, White, Peter J, Williams, Phoebe, Xiao, Yonghong, Moscoso, Martin Yagui, Yang, Hsu Li, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Yu, Yunsong, Żabicka, Dorota, and Zignol, Matteo
Abstract: The WHO research agenda for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health has identified 40 research priorities to be addressed by the year 2030. These priorities focus on bacterial and fungal pathogens of crucial importance in addressing AMR, including drug-resistant pathogens causing tuberculosis. These research priorities encompass the entire people-centred journey, covering prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections, in addition to addressing the overarching knowledge gaps in AMR epidemiology, burden and drivers, policies and regulations, and awareness and education. The research priorities were identified through a multistage process, starting with a comprehensive scoping review of knowledge gaps, with expert inputs gathered through a survey and open call. The priority setting involved a rigorous modified Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative approach, ensuring global representation and applicability of the findings. The ultimate goal of this research agenda is to encourage research and investment in the generation of evidence to better understand AMR dynamics and facilitate policy translation for reducing the burden and consequences of AMR.
Published: 2024

4. A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC

Author: de Hoog, Sybren, Walsh, Thomas J, Ahmed, Sarah A, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alexander, Barbara D, Arendrup, Maiken Cavling, Babady, Esther, Bai, Feng-Yan, Balada-Llasat, Joan-Miquel, Borman, Andrew, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Clark, Andrew, Colgrove, Robert C, Cornely, Oliver A, Dingle, Tanis C, Dufresne, Philippe J, Fuller, Jeff, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Gibas, Connie, Glasgow, Heather, Gräser, Yvonne, Guillot, Jacques, Groll, Andreas H, Haase, Gerhard, Hanson, Kimberly, Harrington, Amanda, Hawksworth, David L, Hayden, Randall T, Hoenigl, Martin, Hubka, Vit, Johnson, Kristie, Kus, Julianne V, Li, Ruoyu, Meis, Jacques F, Lackner, Michaela, Lanternier, Fanny, Leal, Sixto M, Lee, Francesca, Lockhart, Shawn R, Luethy, Paul, Martin, Isabella, Kwon-Chung, Kyung J, Meyer, Wieland, Nguyen, M Hong, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Palavecino, Elizabeth, Pancholi, Preeti, Pappas, Peter G, Procop, Gary W, Redhead, Scott A, Rhoads, Daniel D, Riedel, Stefan, Stevens, Bryan, Sullivan, Kaede Ota, Vergidis, Paschalis, Roilides, Emmanuel, Seyedmousavi, Amir, Tao, Lili, Vicente, Vania A, Vitale, Roxana G, Wang, Qi-Ming, Wengenack, Nancy L, Westblade, Lars, Wiederhold, Nathan, White, Lewis, Wojewoda, Christina M, Zhang, Sean X, de Hoog, Sybren, Walsh, Thomas J, Ahmed, Sarah A, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alexander, Barbara D, Arendrup, Maiken Cavling, Babady, Esther, Bai, Feng-Yan, Balada-Llasat, Joan-Miquel, Borman, Andrew, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Clark, Andrew, Colgrove, Robert C, Cornely, Oliver A, Dingle, Tanis C, Dufresne, Philippe J, Fuller, Jeff, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Gibas, Connie, Glasgow, Heather, Gräser, Yvonne, Guillot, Jacques, Groll, Andreas H, Haase, Gerhard, Hanson, Kimberly, Harrington, Amanda, Hawksworth, David L, Hayden, Randall T, Hoenigl, Martin, Hubka, Vit, Johnson, Kristie, Kus, Julianne V, Li, Ruoyu, Meis, Jacques F, Lackner, Michaela, Lanternier, Fanny, Leal, Sixto M, Lee, Francesca, Lockhart, Shawn R, Luethy, Paul, Martin, Isabella, Kwon-Chung, Kyung J, Meyer, Wieland, Nguyen, M Hong, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Palavecino, Elizabeth, Pancholi, Preeti, Pappas, Peter G, Procop, Gary W, Redhead, Scott A, Rhoads, Daniel D, Riedel, Stefan, Stevens, Bryan, Sullivan, Kaede Ota, Vergidis, Paschalis, Roilides, Emmanuel, Seyedmousavi, Amir, Tao, Lili, Vicente, Vania A, Vitale, Roxana G, Wang, Qi-Ming, Wengenack, Nancy L, Westblade, Lars, Wiederhold, Nathan, White, Lewis, Wojewoda, Christina M, and Zhang, Sean X
Abstract: The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level. Some suggestions are made here to reduce the number of name changes. We urge taxonomists to provide diagnostic markers of taxonomic novelties. Given the instability of phylogenetic trees due to variable taxon sampling, we advocate to maintain genera at the largest possible size. Reporting of identified species in complexes or series should where possible comprise both the name of the overarching species and that of the molecular sibling, often cryptic species. Because the use of different names for the same species will be unavoidable for many years to come, an open access online database of the names of all medically important fungi, with proper nomenclatural designation and synonymy, is essential. We further recommend that while taxonomic discovery continues, the adaptation of new name changes by clinical laboratories and clinicians be reviewed routinely by a standing committee for validation and stability over time, with reference to an open access database, wherein reasons for changes are listed in a transparent way.
Published: 2023

5. Opportunistic yeasts on stored apples: A One Health perspective

Author: Karakoyun, Ayşe Sultan, Ünal, Nevzat, Metin, Banu, Servi, Esra Yıldırım, Spruijtenburg, Bram, Özarslan, Muhammed Alper, Gümral, Ramazan, Döğen, Aylin, Ilkit, Macit, Kandemir, Hazal, Meis, Jacques F., Ergin, Çağrı, Karakoyun, Ayşe Sultan, Ünal, Nevzat, Metin, Banu, Servi, Esra Yıldırım, Spruijtenburg, Bram, Özarslan, Muhammed Alper, Gümral, Ramazan, Döğen, Aylin, Ilkit, Macit, Kandemir, Hazal, Meis, Jacques F., and Ergin, Çağrı
Abstract: The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs and fungicides challenges human health and food security worldwide. We investigated the presence of fungi on the surface of stored apples, and addressed the ecological characteristics and importance of the Candida parapsilosis and Exophiala dermatitidis species complexes from a “One Health” perspective. We collected 528 stored apples from marketplaces in 26 cities in Türkiye. Surface samples from each apple were inoculated onto Sabouraud’s glucose agar and on a high-salt alkaline screening medium. Culture plates were incubated at 37°C and 40°C for 10 days and checked for yeast growth every alternate day. Fourteen isolates were obtained from the surfaces of 13 (2.5%) stored apples. Final identification for Candida and Exophiala isolates was based on the sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and the D1-D2 region of the large subunit rDNA. We identified nine Candida parapsilosis, one Exophiala dermatitidis, and four Exophiala phaeomuriformis isolates. Mating genotypes were determined for all isolates using PCR with species-specific primers. Antifungal susceptibility profiles of four antifungal compounds were determined for all isolates using an E-test. A fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant isolate displayed an identical short tandem repeat (STR) genotype; all the other C. parapsilosis isolates differed from each other in one or more STR markers. Although the association between fruits and fungi is well established, we report the isolation of a human-pathogenic Exophiala species for the first time. Since the association of E. dermatitidis and C. parapsilosis has been noted previously in other habitats such as dishwashers, this species combination might be viewed as an ecological community. This concept of common environmental factors shared by divergent habitats may ease source-tracking of infectious fungi.
Published: 2023

6. Duvivier, Alban Jacques F

Author: Duvivier, Alban Jacques F and Duvivier, Alban Jacques F
Published: 2023

7. High-Throughput Microsatellite Markers Development for Genetic Characterization of Emerging Sporothrix Species

Author: Losada, Luiza Chaves de Miranda Leonhardt, Monteiro, Ruan Campos, Carvalho, Jamile Ambrósio de, Hagen, Ferry, Fisher, Matthew C., Spruijtenburg, Bram, Meis, Jacques F., Groot, Theun de, Gonçalves, Sarah Santos, Negroni, Ricardo, Kano, Rui, Bonifaz, Alexandro, Camargo, Zoilo Pires de, Rodrigues, Anderson Messias, Losada, Luiza Chaves de Miranda Leonhardt, Monteiro, Ruan Campos, Carvalho, Jamile Ambrósio de, Hagen, Ferry, Fisher, Matthew C., Spruijtenburg, Bram, Meis, Jacques F., Groot, Theun de, Gonçalves, Sarah Santos, Negroni, Ricardo, Kano, Rui, Bonifaz, Alexandro, Camargo, Zoilo Pires de, and Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
Published: 2023

8. Predictors for Prolonged Hospital Stay Solely to Complete Intravenous Antifungal Treatment in Patients with Candidemia: Results from the ECMM Candida III Multinational European Observational Cohort Study

Author: Medical University of Graz, Egger, Matthias, Salmanton-García, Jon, Barac, Aleksandra, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Guegan, Hélène, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Matos, Tadeja, Tomazin, Rok, Klimko, Nikolai, Bassetti, Matteo, Hammarström, Helena, Meijer, Eelco F. J., Meis, Jacques F., Prattes, Juergen, Krause, Robert, Sipahi, Oguz Resat, Scharmann, Ulrike, White, P. Lewis, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, García-Rodríguez, Julio, García-Vidal, Carolina, Martín-Pérez, Sonia, Maite Ruiz, Tumbarello, Mario, Talento, Alida Fe, Rogers, Benedict, Lagrou, Katrien, Praet, Jens van, Arikan-Akdagli, Sevtap, Arendrup, Maiken C., Koehler, Philipp, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, ECMM Candida III Study Group, Medical University of Graz, Egger, Matthias, Salmanton-García, Jon, Barac, Aleksandra, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Guegan, Hélène, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Matos, Tadeja, Tomazin, Rok, Klimko, Nikolai, Bassetti, Matteo, Hammarström, Helena, Meijer, Eelco F. J., Meis, Jacques F., Prattes, Juergen, Krause, Robert, Sipahi, Oguz Resat, Scharmann, Ulrike, White, P. Lewis, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, García-Rodríguez, Julio, García-Vidal, Carolina, Martín-Pérez, Sonia, Maite Ruiz, Tumbarello, Mario, Talento, Alida Fe, Rogers, Benedict, Lagrou, Katrien, Praet, Jens van, Arikan-Akdagli, Sevtap, Arendrup, Maiken C., Koehler, Philipp, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, and ECMM Candida III Study Group
Abstract: [Background] To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx)., [Methods] Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx., [Findings] Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 – 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 – 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 – 0.45; p < 0.03)., [Interpretation] Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis.
Published: 2023

9. Predictors for Prolonged Hospital Stay Solely to Complete Intravenous Antifungal Treatment in Patients with Candidemia:Results from the ECMM Candida III Multinational European Observational Cohort Study

Author: Egger, Matthias, Salmanton-García, Jon, Barac, Aleksandra, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Guegan, Hélène, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Matos, Tadeja, Tomazin, Rok, Klimko, Nikolai, Bassetti, Matteo, Hammarström, Helena, Meijer, Eelco F.J., Meis, Jacques F., Prattes, Juergen, Krause, Robert, Resat Sipahi, Oguz, Scharmann, Ulrike, White, P. Lewis, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Martín-Pérez, Sonia, Ruiz, Maite, Tumbarello, Mario, Talento, Alida Fe, Rogers, Benedict, Lagrou, Katrien, van Praet, Jens, Arikan-Akdagli, Sevtap, Arendrup, Maiken C., Koehler, Philipp, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, Egger, Matthias, Salmanton-García, Jon, Barac, Aleksandra, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Guegan, Hélène, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Matos, Tadeja, Tomazin, Rok, Klimko, Nikolai, Bassetti, Matteo, Hammarström, Helena, Meijer, Eelco F.J., Meis, Jacques F., Prattes, Juergen, Krause, Robert, Resat Sipahi, Oguz, Scharmann, Ulrike, White, P. Lewis, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Martín-Pérez, Sonia, Ruiz, Maite, Tumbarello, Mario, Talento, Alida Fe, Rogers, Benedict, Lagrou, Katrien, van Praet, Jens, Arikan-Akdagli, Sevtap, Arendrup, Maiken C., Koehler, Philipp, Cornely, Oliver A., and Hoenigl, Martin
Abstract: Background To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx). Methods Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx. Findings Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 – 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 – 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 – 0.45; p < 0.03). Interpretation Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis., Background: To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx). Methods: Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx. Findings: Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 – 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 – 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 – 0.45; p < 0.03). Interpretation: Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis.
Published: 2023

10. Predictors for Prolonged Hospital Stay Solely to Complete Intravenous Antifungal Treatment in Patients with Candidemia:Results from the ECMM Candida III Multinational European Observational Cohort Study

Author: Egger, Matthias, Salmanton-García, Jon, Barac, Aleksandra, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Guegan, Hélène, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Matos, Tadeja, Tomazin, Rok, Klimko, Nikolai, Bassetti, Matteo, Hammarström, Helena, Meijer, Eelco F.J., Meis, Jacques F., Prattes, Juergen, Krause, Robert, Resat Sipahi, Oguz, Scharmann, Ulrike, White, P. Lewis, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Martín-Pérez, Sonia, Ruiz, Maite, Tumbarello, Mario, Talento, Alida Fe, Rogers, Benedict, Lagrou, Katrien, van Praet, Jens, Arikan-Akdagli, Sevtap, Arendrup, Maiken C., Koehler, Philipp, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, Egger, Matthias, Salmanton-García, Jon, Barac, Aleksandra, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Guegan, Hélène, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Matos, Tadeja, Tomazin, Rok, Klimko, Nikolai, Bassetti, Matteo, Hammarström, Helena, Meijer, Eelco F.J., Meis, Jacques F., Prattes, Juergen, Krause, Robert, Resat Sipahi, Oguz, Scharmann, Ulrike, White, P. Lewis, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, García-Rodríguez, Julio, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Martín-Pérez, Sonia, Ruiz, Maite, Tumbarello, Mario, Talento, Alida Fe, Rogers, Benedict, Lagrou, Katrien, van Praet, Jens, Arikan-Akdagli, Sevtap, Arendrup, Maiken C., Koehler, Philipp, Cornely, Oliver A., and Hoenigl, Martin
Abstract: Background To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx). Methods Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx. Findings Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 – 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 – 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 – 0.45; p < 0.03). Interpretation Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis., Background: To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx). Methods: Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx. Findings: Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 – 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 – 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 – 0.45; p < 0.03). Interpretation: Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis.
Published: 2023

11. The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey

Author: Driemeyer, Candida, Falci, Diego R., Oladele, Rita O., Bongomin, Felix, Ocansey, Bright K., Govender, Nelesh P., Hoenigl, Martin, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Lass-Florl, Cornelia, Cornely, Oliver A., Alanio, Alexandre, Guinea, Jesus, Morrissey, C. Orla, Rautemaa-Richardson, Riina, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Meis, Jacques F., Bruns, Caroline, Stemler, Jannik, Pasqualotto, Alessandro C., Driemeyer, Candida, Falci, Diego R., Oladele, Rita O., Bongomin, Felix, Ocansey, Bright K., Govender, Nelesh P., Hoenigl, Martin, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Lass-Florl, Cornelia, Cornely, Oliver A., Alanio, Alexandre, Guinea, Jesus, Morrissey, C. Orla, Rautemaa-Richardson, Riina, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Meis, Jacques F., Bruns, Caroline, Stemler, Jannik, and Pasqualotto, Alessandro C.
Abstract: Africa, although not unique in this context, is a favourable environment for fungal infections, given the high burden of risk factors. An online survey was developed asking about laboratory infrastructure and antifungal drug availability. We received 40 responses (24.4% response rate) of 164 researchers contacted from 21 African countries. Only five institutions (12.5%) of 40 located in Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda potentially fulfilled the minimum laboratory requirements for European Confederation of Medical Mycology Excellence Centre blue status. Difficulties included low access to susceptibility testing for both yeasts and moulds (available in only 30% of institutions) and Aspergillus spp antigen detection (available in only 47.5% of institutions as an in-house or outsourced test), as well as access to mould-active antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B deoxycholate (available for 52.5% of institutions), itraconazole (52.5%), voriconazole (35.0%), and posaconazole (5.0%). United and targeted efforts are crucial to face the growing challenges in clinical mycology.
Published: 2022

12. The emergence of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis: a review of cases from 18 countries

Author: Hoenigl, Martin, Seidel, Danila, Carvalho, Agostinho, Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M., Arastehfar, Amir, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Nasir, Nosheen, Bonifaz, Alexandro, Araiza, Javier, Klimko, Nikolai, Serris, Alexandra, Lagrou, Katrien, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Perfect, John R., White, P. Lewis, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Hoenigl, Martin, Seidel, Danila, Carvalho, Agostinho, Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M., Arastehfar, Amir, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Nasir, Nosheen, Bonifaz, Alexandro, Araiza, Javier, Klimko, Nikolai, Serris, Alexandra, Lagrou, Katrien, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Perfect, John R., White, P. Lewis, and Chakrabarti, Arunaloke
Abstract: Reports of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis have been increasing in frequency since early 2021, particularly among patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Patients with diabetes and hyperglycaemia often have an inflammatory state that could be potentiated by the activation of antiviral immunity to SARS-CoV2, which might favour secondary infections. In this Review, we analysed 80 published and unpublished cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Uncontrolled diabetes, as well as systemic corticosteroid treatment, were present in most patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, and rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis was the most frequent disease. Mortality was high at 49%, which was particularly due to patients with pulmonary or disseminated mucormycosis or cerebral involvement. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of patients who survived had life-changing morbidities (eg, loss of vision in 46% of survivors). Our Review indicates that COVID-19-associated mucormycosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis is particularly challenging, and might be frequently missed in India.
Published: 2022

13. The current state of Clinical Mycology in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe

Author: Driemeyer, Candida, Falci, Diego R., Hoenigl, Martin, Cornely, Oliver A., Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Segal, Esther, Jurna-Ellam, Marika, Matos, Tadeja, Meis, Jacques F., Perfect, John R., Arsenijevic, Valentina Arsic, Mares, Mihai, Serban, Daniela Elena, Pasqualotto, Alessandro C., Driemeyer, Candida, Falci, Diego R., Hoenigl, Martin, Cornely, Oliver A., Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Segal, Esther, Jurna-Ellam, Marika, Matos, Tadeja, Meis, Jacques F., Perfect, John R., Arsenijevic, Valentina Arsic, Mares, Mihai, Serban, Daniela Elena, and Pasqualotto, Alessandro C.
Abstract: The ability of medical centers in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to diagnose and treat fungal infections remains unknown. In order to investigate that, here we conducted a cross-sectional online survey, released at both The International Society for Human & Animal Mycology (ISHAM) and European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) websites. A total of 31 institutions responded to the questionnaire. Most centers (87.1%, n = 27) had access to Aspergillus spp. ELISA galactomannan testing as well as to Cryptococcus spp. antigen testing (83.9%, n = 26). Serological tests were mostly available for Aspergillus species (80.6%, n = 25); and most institutions reported access to mold-active antifungal drugs (83.9%; n = 26), but 5-flucytosine was available to only 29% (n = 9) of the participant centers. In conclusion, this study represents the first attempt to document the strengths and limitations of the Eastern and South-Eastern European region for diagnosing and treating fungal diseases. Lay Summary Our article is about the availability of diagnostic and treatments tools related to fungal infections in the countries of Eastern and South-Eastern region. Surveys like these are important to understand the gaps and point towards the fungal infections as a global health issue.
Published: 2022

14. Proposed nomenclature for Pseudallescheria, Scedosporium and related genera (vol 67, pg 1, 2014)

Author: Lackner, Michaela, de Hoog, G. Sybren, Yang, Liyue, Ferreira Moreno, Leandro, Ahmed, Sarah A., Andreas, Fritz, Kaltseis, Josef, Nagl, Markus, Lass-Floerl, Cornelia, Risslegger, Brigitte, Rambach, Guenter, Speth, Cornelia, Robert, Vincent, Buzina, Walter, Chen, Sharon, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Cano-Lira, Jose F., Guarro, Josep, Gene, Josepa, Fernandez Silva, Fabiola, Haido, Rosa, Haase, Gerhard, Havlicek, Vladimir, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Meis, Jacques F., Hagen, Ferry, Kirchmair, Martin, Rainer, Johannes, Schwabenbauer, Katharina, Zoderer, Mirjam, Meyer, Wieland, Gilgado, Felix, Vicente, Vania A., Pieckova, Elena, Regenermel, Monika, Rath, Peter-Michael, Steinmann, Joerg, de Alencar, Xisto Wellington, Symoens, Francoise, Tintelnot, Kathrin, Ulfig, Krzysztof, Velegraki, Aristea, Tortorano, Anna Maria, Giraud, Sandrine, Mina, Sara, Rigler-Hohenwarter, Kinga, Hernando, Fernando L., Ramirez-Garcia, Andoni, Pellon, Aize, Kaur, Jashanpreet, Bergter, Eliana Barreto, de Meirelles, Jardel Vieira, da Silva, Ingrid Dutra, Delhaes, Laurence, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Li, Ruo-yu, Lu, Qiaoyun, Moussa, Tarek, Almaghrabi, Omar, Al-Zahrani, Hassan, Okada, Gen, Deng, Shuwen, Liao, Wangqing, Zeng, Jingsi, Issakainen, Jouni, Liporagi Lopes, Livia Cristina, Lackner, Michaela, de Hoog, G. Sybren, Yang, Liyue, Ferreira Moreno, Leandro, Ahmed, Sarah A., Andreas, Fritz, Kaltseis, Josef, Nagl, Markus, Lass-Floerl, Cornelia, Risslegger, Brigitte, Rambach, Guenter, Speth, Cornelia, Robert, Vincent, Buzina, Walter, Chen, Sharon, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Cano-Lira, Jose F., Guarro, Josep, Gene, Josepa, Fernandez Silva, Fabiola, Haido, Rosa, Haase, Gerhard, Havlicek, Vladimir, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Meis, Jacques F., Hagen, Ferry, Kirchmair, Martin, Rainer, Johannes, Schwabenbauer, Katharina, Zoderer, Mirjam, Meyer, Wieland, Gilgado, Felix, Vicente, Vania A., Pieckova, Elena, Regenermel, Monika, Rath, Peter-Michael, Steinmann, Joerg, de Alencar, Xisto Wellington, Symoens, Francoise, Tintelnot, Kathrin, Ulfig, Krzysztof, Velegraki, Aristea, Tortorano, Anna Maria, Giraud, Sandrine, Mina, Sara, Rigler-Hohenwarter, Kinga, Hernando, Fernando L., Ramirez-Garcia, Andoni, Pellon, Aize, Kaur, Jashanpreet, Bergter, Eliana Barreto, de Meirelles, Jardel Vieira, da Silva, Ingrid Dutra, Delhaes, Laurence, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Li, Ruo-yu, Lu, Qiaoyun, Moussa, Tarek, Almaghrabi, Omar, Al-Zahrani, Hassan, Okada, Gen, Deng, Shuwen, Liao, Wangqing, Zeng, Jingsi, Issakainen, Jouni, and Liporagi Lopes, Livia Cristina
Published: 2022

15. Collateral consequences of agricultural fungicides on pathogenic yeasts:A One Health perspective to tackle azole resistance

Author: Castelo-Branco, Débora, Lockhart, Shawn R., Chen, Yee Chun, Santos, Daniel Assis, Hagen, Ferry, Hawkins, Nichola Jane, Lavergne, Rose Anne, Meis, Jacques F., Le Pape, Patrice, Rocha, Marcos Fabio Gadelha, Sidrim, José Julio Costa, Arendrup, Maiken, Morio, Florent, Castelo-Branco, Débora, Lockhart, Shawn R., Chen, Yee Chun, Santos, Daniel Assis, Hagen, Ferry, Hawkins, Nichola Jane, Lavergne, Rose Anne, Meis, Jacques F., Le Pape, Patrice, Rocha, Marcos Fabio Gadelha, Sidrim, José Julio Costa, Arendrup, Maiken, and Morio, Florent
Abstract: Candida and Cryptococcus affect millions of people yearly, being responsible for a wide array of clinical presentations, including life-threatening diseases. Interestingly, most human pathogenic yeasts are not restricted to the clinical setting, as they are also ubiquitous in the environment. Recent studies raise concern regarding the potential impact of agricultural use of azoles on resistance to medical antifungals in yeasts, as previously outlined with Aspergillus fumigatus. Thus, we undertook a narrative review of the literature and provide lines of evidence suggesting that an alternative, environmental route of azole resistance, may develop in pathogenic yeasts, in addition to patient route. However, it warrants sound evidence to support that pathogenic yeasts cross border between plants, animals and humans and that environmental reservoirs may contribute to azole resistance in Candida or other yeasts for humans. As these possibilities could concern public health, we propose a road map for future studies under the One Health perspective.
Published: 2022

16. Taxonomic position, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of clinical Achromobacter isolates

Author: MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, MMB Research line 2, Fluit, Ad C., Bayjanov, Jumamurat R., Aguilar, María Díez, Benaissa-Trou, Barry, Tunney, Michael M., Van Westreenen, Mireille, Meis, Jacques F., Elborn, J. Stuart, Cantón, Rafael, Ekkelenkamp, Miquel B., MMB Medische Staf, Infection & Immunity, MMB Research line 2, Fluit, Ad C., Bayjanov, Jumamurat R., Aguilar, María Díez, Benaissa-Trou, Barry, Tunney, Michael M., Van Westreenen, Mireille, Meis, Jacques F., Elborn, J. Stuart, Cantón, Rafael, and Ekkelenkamp, Miquel B.
Published: 2022

17. Collateral consequences of agricultural fungicides on pathogenic yeasts:A One Health perspective to tackle azole resistance

Author: Castelo-Branco, Débora, Lockhart, Shawn R., Chen, Yee Chun, Santos, Daniel Assis, Hagen, Ferry, Hawkins, Nichola Jane, Lavergne, Rose Anne, Meis, Jacques F., Le Pape, Patrice, Rocha, Marcos Fabio Gadelha, Sidrim, José Julio Costa, Arendrup, Maiken, Morio, Florent, Castelo-Branco, Débora, Lockhart, Shawn R., Chen, Yee Chun, Santos, Daniel Assis, Hagen, Ferry, Hawkins, Nichola Jane, Lavergne, Rose Anne, Meis, Jacques F., Le Pape, Patrice, Rocha, Marcos Fabio Gadelha, Sidrim, José Julio Costa, Arendrup, Maiken, and Morio, Florent
Abstract: Candida and Cryptococcus affect millions of people yearly, being responsible for a wide array of clinical presentations, including life-threatening diseases. Interestingly, most human pathogenic yeasts are not restricted to the clinical setting, as they are also ubiquitous in the environment. Recent studies raise concern regarding the potential impact of agricultural use of azoles on resistance to medical antifungals in yeasts, as previously outlined with Aspergillus fumigatus. Thus, we undertook a narrative review of the literature and provide lines of evidence suggesting that an alternative, environmental route of azole resistance, may develop in pathogenic yeasts, in addition to patient route. However, it warrants sound evidence to support that pathogenic yeasts cross border between plants, animals and humans and that environmental reservoirs may contribute to azole resistance in Candida or other yeasts for humans. As these possibilities could concern public health, we propose a road map for future studies under the One Health perspective.
Published: 2022

18. Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance.

Author: Koehler, Philipp, Koehler, Philipp, Bassetti, Matteo, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chen, Sharon CA, Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes, Hoenigl, Martin, Klimko, Nikolay, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Oladele, Rita O, Vinh, Donald C, Zhu, Li-Ping, Böll, Boris, Brüggemann, Roger, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Perfect, John R, Patterson, Thomas F, Persigehl, Thorsten, Meis, Jacques F, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, White, P Lewis, Verweij, Paul E, Cornely, Oliver A, European Confederation of Medical Mycology, International Society for Human Animal Mycology, Asia Fungal Working Group, INFOCUS LATAM/ISHAM Working Group, ISHAM Pan Africa Mycology Working Group, European Society for Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Fungal Infection Study Group, ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients, Interregional Association of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria, Medical Mycology Society of China Medicine Education Association, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Association of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Disease Canada, Koehler, Philipp, Koehler, Philipp, Bassetti, Matteo, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chen, Sharon CA, Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes, Hoenigl, Martin, Klimko, Nikolay, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Oladele, Rita O, Vinh, Donald C, Zhu, Li-Ping, Böll, Boris, Brüggemann, Roger, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Perfect, John R, Patterson, Thomas F, Persigehl, Thorsten, Meis, Jacques F, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, White, P Lewis, Verweij, Paul E, Cornely, Oliver A, European Confederation of Medical Mycology, International Society for Human Animal Mycology, Asia Fungal Working Group, INFOCUS LATAM/ISHAM Working Group, ISHAM Pan Africa Mycology Working Group, European Society for Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Fungal Infection Study Group, ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients, Interregional Association of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria, Medical Mycology Society of China Medicine Education Association, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Association of Medical Microbiology, and Infectious Disease Canada
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.
Published: 2021

19. Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex.

Author: Geiser, David M, Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward CY, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, NMI, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, Mulè, Giuseppina, Geiser, David M, Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward CY, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, NMI, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, and Mulè, Giuseppina
Abstract: Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.
Published: 2021

20. Basidiobolus omanensis sp. nov. Causing Angioinvasive Abdominal Basidiobolomycosis

Author: Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Balkhair, Abdullah, Al-Busaidi, Ibrahim, Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Al-Housni, Saif, Ba Taher, Hashim, Al Shehhi, Asmaa Hamdan, Raniga, Sameer, Al Shaibi, Maha, Al Siyabi, Turkiya, Meis, Jacques F, de Hoog, G Sybren, Al-Rawahi, Ahmed, Al Muharrmi, Zakariya, Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, Al Adawi, Badriya, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Balkhair, Abdullah, Al-Busaidi, Ibrahim, Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Al-Housni, Saif, Ba Taher, Hashim, Al Shehhi, Asmaa Hamdan, Raniga, Sameer, Al Shaibi, Maha, Al Siyabi, Turkiya, Meis, Jacques F, de Hoog, G Sybren, Al-Rawahi, Ahmed, Al Muharrmi, Zakariya, Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, and Al Adawi, Badriya
Abstract: Human infectious fungal diseases are increasing, despite improved hygienic conditions. We present a case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in a 20-year-old male with a history of progressively worsening abdominal pain. The causative agent was identified as a novel Basidiobolus species. Validation of its novelty was established by analysis of the partial ribosomal operon of two isolates from different organs. Phylogeny of ITS and LSU rRNA showed that these isolates belonged to the genus Basidiobolus, positioned closely to B. heterosporus and B. minor. Morphological and physiological data supported the identity of the species, which was named Basidiobolus omanensis, with CBS 146281 as the holotype. The strains showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to fluconazole (>64 µg/mL), itraconazole and voriconazole (>16 µg/mL), anidulafungin and micafungin (>16 µg/mL), but had a low MIC to amphotericin B (1 µg/mL). The pathogenic role of B. omanensis in gastrointestinal disease is discussed. We highlight the crucial role of molecular identification of these rarely encountered opportunistic fungi.
Published: 2021

21. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Author: Hoenigl, Martin, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Walsh, Thomas J., Nucci, Marcio, Neoh, Chin Fen, Jenks, Jeffrey D., Lackner, Michaela, Sprute, Rosanne, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S., Bassetti, Matteo, Carlesse, Fabianne, Freiberger, Tomas, Koehler, Philipp, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Kumar, Anil, Prattes, Juergen, Richardson, Malcolm, Revankar, Sanjay, Slavin, Monica A., Stemler, Jannik, Spiess, Birgit, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J., Warris, Adilia, Woo, Patrick C. Y., Young, Jo-Anne H., Albus, Kerstin, Arenz, Dorothee, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Chinniah, Terrence Rohan, Chowdhary, Anuradha, de Hoog, G. Sybren, Dimopoulos, George, Duarte, Rafael F., Hamal, Petr, Meis, Jacques F., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Patterson, Thomas F., Rahav, Galia, Rogers, Thomas R., Rotstein, Coleman, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Walsh, Thomas J., Nucci, Marcio, Neoh, Chin Fen, Jenks, Jeffrey D., Lackner, Michaela, Sprute, Rosanne, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S., Bassetti, Matteo, Carlesse, Fabianne, Freiberger, Tomas, Koehler, Philipp, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Kumar, Anil, Prattes, Juergen, Richardson, Malcolm, Revankar, Sanjay, Slavin, Monica A., Stemler, Jannik, Spiess, Birgit, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J., Warris, Adilia, Woo, Patrick C. Y., Young, Jo-Anne H., Albus, Kerstin, Arenz, Dorothee, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Chinniah, Terrence Rohan, Chowdhary, Anuradha, de Hoog, G. Sybren, Dimopoulos, George, Duarte, Rafael F., Hamal, Petr, Meis, Jacques F., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Patterson, Thomas F., Rahav, Galia, Rogers, Thomas R., Rotstein, Coleman, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Seidel, Danila, and Cornely, Oliver A.
Abstract: With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.
Published: 2021

22. COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March-August 2020

Author: Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Sprute, Rosanne, Stemler, Jannik, Bartoletti, Michele, Dupont, Damien, Valerio, Maricela, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Falces-Romero, Iker, Machado, Marina, de la Villa, Sofia, Schroeder, Maria, Hoyo, Irma, Hanses, Frank, Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Meis, Jacques F., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Antinori, Spinello, Sal, Ertan, Malaj, Xhorxha, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Koehler, Philipp, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Sprute, Rosanne, Stemler, Jannik, Bartoletti, Michele, Dupont, Damien, Valerio, Maricela, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Falces-Romero, Iker, Machado, Marina, de la Villa, Sofia, Schroeder, Maria, Hoyo, Irma, Hanses, Frank, Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Meis, Jacques F., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Antinori, Spinello, Sal, Ertan, Malaj, Xhorxha, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., and Koehler, Philipp
Abstract: Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in China at the end of 2019. Because of the severe immunomodulation and lymphocyte depletion caused by this virus and the subsequent administration of drugs directed at the immune system, we anticipated that patients might experience fungal superinfection. We collected data from 186 patients who had coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) worldwide during March-August 2020. Overall, 182 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), including 180 with acute respiratory distress syndrome and 175 who received mechanical ventilation. CAPA was diagnosed a median of 10 days after coronavirus disease diagnosis. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified in 80.3% of patient cultures, 4 of which were azole-resistant. Most (52.7%) patients received voriconazole. In total, 52.2% of patients died; of the deaths, 33.0% were attributed to CAPA. We found that the cumulative incidence of CAPA in the ICU ranged from 1.0% to 39.1%.
Published: 2021

23. ECMM/ISHAM recommendations for clinical management of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in low- and middle-income countries

Author: Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M., Hoenigl, Martin, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Muthu, Valliappan, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Perfect, John, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M., Hoenigl, Martin, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Muthu, Valliappan, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Perfect, John, and Chakrabarti, Arunaloke
Abstract: Reports are increasing on the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low- and middle-income countries. The recent unprecedented surge of CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 mucormycosis cases are counted and India is the first country where mucormycosis has been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception of management, diagnosing and treating this infection continue to occur. Thus, European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) felt the need to address clinical management of CAM in low- and middle-income countries. This article provides a comprehensive document to help clinicians in managing this infection. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and inappropriate (high dose or not indicated) corticosteroid use are the major predisposing factors for this surge. High counts of Mucorales spores in both the indoor and outdoor environments, and the immunosuppressive impact of COVID-19 patients as well as immunotherapy are possible additional factors. Furthermore, a hyperglycaemic state leads to an increased expression of glucose regulated protein (GRP- 78) in endothelial cells that may help the entry of Mucorales into tissues. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is the most common presentation followed by pulmonary mucormycosis. Recommendations are focused on the early suspicion of the disease and confirmation of diagnosis. Regarding management, glycaemic control, elimination of corticosteroid therapy, extensive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy are the standards for proper care. Due to limited availability of amphotericin B formulations during the present epidemic, alternative antifungal therapies are also discussed.
Published: 2021

24. Antifungal activity of nitroxoline against Candida auris isolates

Author: Fuchs, Frieder, Hof, Herbert, Hofmann, Sandra, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., Hamprecht, Axel, Fuchs, Frieder, Hof, Herbert, Hofmann, Sandra, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., and Hamprecht, Axel
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the in vitro activity of nitroxoline against a molecularly characterized collection of clinical Candida auris isolates. Methods: Thirty-five clinical isolates of C. auris from diverse sources representing all five different C. auris clades were included in the study. Nitroxoline activity was assessed using broth microdilution. Additionally, susceptibility testing by disc diffusion was assessed on RPMI-1640 and Muller-Hinton agar plates. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antifungals fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin were determined. Results: Nitroxoline MICs ranged from 0.125 to 1 mg/L (MIC50/90 0.25/0.5 mg/L). Compared with amphotericin B (MIC >1 mg/L in 4/35 isolates), anidulafungin (MIC >0.06 mg/L in 26/35 isolates) and fluconazole (MIC >4 mg/L in 31/35 isolates), in vitro activity of nitroxoline was high. Isolates belonging to clade I had marginally lower nitroxoline MICs (range 0.125-0.5 mg/L, mean MIC 0.375 mg/L) compared with clade III (range 0.5-1 mg/L, mean MIC 0.7 mg/L; p 1/4 0.0094). The correlation of MIC and inhibition zones by disc diffusion was good when using RPMI-agar for disc diffusion, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of-0.74 (95% CI-0.86 to-0.54). Conclusions: Nitroxoline has excellent in vitro activity against C. auris isolates, with MICs of 0.125-1 mg/L (for comparison, the EUCAST breakpoint for uncomplicated urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli is <= 16 mg/L). It is an approved, well-tolerated antimicrobial that achieves high urinary concentrations after oral administration and could be a useful treatment option in C. auris candiduria. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Published: 2021

25. Comparison of Two Commercially Available qPCR Kits for the Detection of Candida auris

Author: Sattler, Janko, Noster, Janina, Brunke, Anne, Plum, Georg, Wiegel, Pia, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., Hamprecht, Axel, Sattler, Janko, Noster, Janina, Brunke, Anne, Plum, Georg, Wiegel, Pia, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., and Hamprecht, Axel
Abstract: Candida auris is an emerging pathogen with resistance to many commonly used antifungal agents. Infections with C. auris require rapid and reliable detection methods to initiate successful medical treatment and contain hospital outbreaks. Conventional identification methods are prone to errors and can lead to misidentifications. PCR-based assays, in turn, can provide reliable results with low turnaround times. However, only limited data are available on the performance of commercially available assays for C. auris detection. In the present study, the two commercially available PCR assays AurisID (OLM, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK) and Fungiplex Candida Auris RUO Real-Time PCR (Bruker, Bremen, Germany) were challenged with 29 C. auris isolates from all five clades and eight other Candida species as controls. AurisID reliably detected C. auris with a limit of detection (LoD) of 1 genome copies/reaction. However, false positive results were obtained with high DNA amounts of the closely related species C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii. The Fungiplex Candida Auris RUO Real-Time PCR kit detected C. auris with an LoD of 9 copies/reaction. No false positive results were obtained with this assay. In addition, C. auris could also be detected in human blood samples spiked with pure fungal cultures by both kits. In summary, both kits could detect C. auris-DNA at low DNA concentrations but differed slightly in their limits of detection and specificity.
Published: 2021

26. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of in-Host Developed Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolates

Author: Buil, Jochem B., Houbraken, Jos, Reijers, Monique H., Zoll, Jan, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Meis, Jacques F., Verweij, Paul. E., Melchers, Willem J. G., Buil, Jochem B., Houbraken, Jos, Reijers, Monique H., Zoll, Jan, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Meis, Jacques F., Verweij, Paul. E., and Melchers, Willem J. G.
Published: 2021

27. Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility study of Aspergillus spp. in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Indonesia

Author: Rozaliyani, Anna, Sedono, Rudyanto, Sjam, Ridhawati, Tugiran, Mulyati, Adawiyah, Robiatul, Setianingrum, Findra, Jusuf, Anwar, Sungkar, Saleha, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Rozaliyani, Anna, Sedono, Rudyanto, Sjam, Ridhawati, Tugiran, Mulyati, Adawiyah, Robiatul, Setianingrum, Findra, Jusuf, Anwar, Sungkar, Saleha, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, and Wahyuningsih, Retno
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aspergillus exhibits a wide variation of susceptibility against antifungals according to genetic and environmental factors. Identification to the species level is necessary for appropriate treatment. Our objective was to determine the Aspergillus species involved in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among ICU patients in Jakarta, Indonesia.METHODOLOGY: The incidence of IPA in ICU patients at six hospitals in Jakarta from October 2012 - January 2015 was investigated. It involved a collection of endotracheal aspirates (ETA), nasal swabs and environmental samples around the hospitals, phenotypic screening, molecular characterization, and antifungal susceptibility testing.RESULTS: Of the 405 patients investigated, 31 patients (7.7%) were diagnosed with putative IPA, from whom 45 Aspergillus isolates were collected. Aspergillus isolates were identified from pulmonary secretions in 24 patients, from nasal swabs in 7 patients and from both pulmonary secretions and nasal swabs in 7 patients. The phenotypic method showed 33 isolates of Aspergillus flavus (73.4%), nine Aspergillus fumigatus (20%), two Aspergillus niger (4.4%), and one Aspergillus nidulans (2.2%) isolate. Molecular identification showed 27 isolates of A. flavus (60.0%), eight isolates of A. fumigatus (17.8%), two isolates of A. niger (4.4%) and one isolate of A. nidulans (2.2%), while seven isolates (15.6%) were cryptic species or mixed isolates.CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility testing showed all isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, azoles and micafungin. Aspergillus flavus was the main causative organism in IPA cases in Jakarta, followed by A. fumigatus.
Published: 2021

28. Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex.

Author: Geiser, David M, Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward CY, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, NMI, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, Mulè, Giuseppina, Geiser, David M, Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward CY, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, NMI, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, and Mulè, Giuseppina
Abstract: Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.
Published: 2021

29. Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance.

Author: Koehler, Philipp, Koehler, Philipp, Bassetti, Matteo, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chen, Sharon CA, Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes, Hoenigl, Martin, Klimko, Nikolay, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Oladele, Rita O, Vinh, Donald C, Zhu, Li-Ping, Böll, Boris, Brüggemann, Roger, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Perfect, John R, Patterson, Thomas F, Persigehl, Thorsten, Meis, Jacques F, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, White, P Lewis, Verweij, Paul E, Cornely, Oliver A, European Confederation of Medical Mycology, International Society for Human Animal Mycology, Asia Fungal Working Group, INFOCUS LATAM/ISHAM Working Group, ISHAM Pan Africa Mycology Working Group, European Society for Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Fungal Infection Study Group, ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients, Interregional Association of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria, Medical Mycology Society of China Medicine Education Association, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Association of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Disease Canada, Koehler, Philipp, Koehler, Philipp, Bassetti, Matteo, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chen, Sharon CA, Colombo, Arnaldo Lopes, Hoenigl, Martin, Klimko, Nikolay, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Oladele, Rita O, Vinh, Donald C, Zhu, Li-Ping, Böll, Boris, Brüggemann, Roger, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Perfect, John R, Patterson, Thomas F, Persigehl, Thorsten, Meis, Jacques F, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, White, P Lewis, Verweij, Paul E, Cornely, Oliver A, European Confederation of Medical Mycology, International Society for Human Animal Mycology, Asia Fungal Working Group, INFOCUS LATAM/ISHAM Working Group, ISHAM Pan Africa Mycology Working Group, European Society for Clinical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Fungal Infection Study Group, ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients, Interregional Association of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Medical Mycology Society of Nigeria, Medical Mycology Society of China Medicine Education Association, Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology, Association of Medical Microbiology, and Infectious Disease Canada
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.
Published: 2021

30. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Author: Hoenigl, Martin, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Walsh, Thomas J., Nucci, Marcio, Neoh, Chin Fen, Jenks, Jeffrey D, Lackner, Michaela, Sprute, Rosanne, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Bassetti, Matteo, Carlesse, Fabianne, Freiberger, Tomas, Koehler, Philipp, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Kumar, Anil, Prattes, Juergen, Richardson, Malcolm, Revankar, Sanjay, Slavin, Monica A, Stemler, Jannik, Spiess, Birgit, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J, Warris, Adilia, Woo, Patrick C Y, Young, Jo-Anne H, Albus, Kerstin, Arenz, Dorothee, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Chinniah, Terrence Rohan, Chowdhary, Anuradha, de Hoog, G Sybren, Dimopoulos, George, Duarte, Rafael F, Hamal, Petr, Meis, Jacques F., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Patterson, Thomas F, Rahav, Galia, Rogers, Thomas R, Rotstein, Coleman, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Walsh, Thomas J., Nucci, Marcio, Neoh, Chin Fen, Jenks, Jeffrey D, Lackner, Michaela, Sprute, Rosanne, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Bassetti, Matteo, Carlesse, Fabianne, Freiberger, Tomas, Koehler, Philipp, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Kumar, Anil, Prattes, Juergen, Richardson, Malcolm, Revankar, Sanjay, Slavin, Monica A, Stemler, Jannik, Spiess, Birgit, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J, Warris, Adilia, Woo, Patrick C Y, Young, Jo-Anne H, Albus, Kerstin, Arenz, Dorothee, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Chinniah, Terrence Rohan, Chowdhary, Anuradha, de Hoog, G Sybren, Dimopoulos, George, Duarte, Rafael F, Hamal, Petr, Meis, Jacques F., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Patterson, Thomas F, Rahav, Galia, Rogers, Thomas R, Rotstein, Coleman, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Seidel, Danila, and Cornely, Oliver A.
Published: 2021

31. COVID-19–Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March–August 2020

Author: Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Sprute, Rosanne, Stemler, Jannik, Bartoletti, Michele, Dupont, Damien, Valerio, Maricela, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Falces-Romero, Iker, Machado, Marina, de la Villa, Sofia, Schroeder, Maria, Hoyo, Irma, Hanses, Frank, Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Meis, Jacques F., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Rodríguez-Guardado, Azucena, Antinori, Spinello, Sal, Ertan, Malaj, Xhorxha, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Koehler, Philipp, Böttiger, Bernd W., Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Sprute, Rosanne, Stemler, Jannik, Bartoletti, Michele, Dupont, Damien, Valerio, Maricela, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Falces-Romero, Iker, Machado, Marina, de la Villa, Sofia, Schroeder, Maria, Hoyo, Irma, Hanses, Frank, Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Meis, Jacques F., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Rodríguez-Guardado, Azucena, Antinori, Spinello, Sal, Ertan, Malaj, Xhorxha, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Koehler, Philipp, and Böttiger, Bernd W.
Published: 2021

32. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of in-Host Developed Azole-Resistant Aspergillus flavus Isolates

Author: Buil, Jochem B., Houbraken, Jos, Reijers, Monique H., Zoll, Jan, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Meis, Jacques F., Verweij, Paul. E., Melchers, Willem J. G., Buil, Jochem B., Houbraken, Jos, Reijers, Monique H., Zoll, Jan, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Meis, Jacques F., Verweij, Paul. E., and Melchers, Willem J. G.
Published: 2021

33. Basidiobolus omanensis sp. nov. Causing Angioinvasive Abdominal Basidiobolomycosis

Author: Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Balkhair, Abdullah, Al-Busaidi, Ibrahim, Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Al-Housni, Saif, Ba Taher, Hashim, Al Shehhi, Asmaa Hamdan, Raniga, Sameer, Al Shaibi, Maha, Al Siyabi, Turkiya, Meis, Jacques F, de Hoog, G Sybren, Al-Rawahi, Ahmed, Al Muharrmi, Zakariya, Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, Al Adawi, Badriya, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Balkhair, Abdullah, Al-Busaidi, Ibrahim, Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Al-Housni, Saif, Ba Taher, Hashim, Al Shehhi, Asmaa Hamdan, Raniga, Sameer, Al Shaibi, Maha, Al Siyabi, Turkiya, Meis, Jacques F, de Hoog, G Sybren, Al-Rawahi, Ahmed, Al Muharrmi, Zakariya, Al-Harrasi, Ahmed, and Al Adawi, Badriya
Abstract: Human infectious fungal diseases are increasing, despite improved hygienic conditions. We present a case of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) in a 20-year-old male with a history of progressively worsening abdominal pain. The causative agent was identified as a novel Basidiobolus species. Validation of its novelty was established by analysis of the partial ribosomal operon of two isolates from different organs. Phylogeny of ITS and LSU rRNA showed that these isolates belonged to the genus Basidiobolus, positioned closely to B. heterosporus and B. minor. Morphological and physiological data supported the identity of the species, which was named Basidiobolus omanensis, with CBS 146281 as the holotype. The strains showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to fluconazole (>64 µg/mL), itraconazole and voriconazole (>16 µg/mL), anidulafungin and micafungin (>16 µg/mL), but had a low MIC to amphotericin B (1 µg/mL). The pathogenic role of B. omanensis in gastrointestinal disease is discussed. We highlight the crucial role of molecular identification of these rarely encountered opportunistic fungi.
Published: 2021

34. Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility study of Aspergillus spp. in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Indonesia

Author: Rozaliyani, Anna, Sedono, Rudyanto, Sjam, Ridhawati, Tugiran, Mulyati, Adawiyah, Robiatul, Setianingrum, Findra, Jusuf, Anwar, Sungkar, Saleha, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Rozaliyani, Anna, Sedono, Rudyanto, Sjam, Ridhawati, Tugiran, Mulyati, Adawiyah, Robiatul, Setianingrum, Findra, Jusuf, Anwar, Sungkar, Saleha, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, and Wahyuningsih, Retno
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aspergillus exhibits a wide variation of susceptibility against antifungals according to genetic and environmental factors. Identification to the species level is necessary for appropriate treatment. Our objective was to determine the Aspergillus species involved in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) among ICU patients in Jakarta, Indonesia.METHODOLOGY: The incidence of IPA in ICU patients at six hospitals in Jakarta from October 2012 - January 2015 was investigated. It involved a collection of endotracheal aspirates (ETA), nasal swabs and environmental samples around the hospitals, phenotypic screening, molecular characterization, and antifungal susceptibility testing.RESULTS: Of the 405 patients investigated, 31 patients (7.7%) were diagnosed with putative IPA, from whom 45 Aspergillus isolates were collected. Aspergillus isolates were identified from pulmonary secretions in 24 patients, from nasal swabs in 7 patients and from both pulmonary secretions and nasal swabs in 7 patients. The phenotypic method showed 33 isolates of Aspergillus flavus (73.4%), nine Aspergillus fumigatus (20%), two Aspergillus niger (4.4%), and one Aspergillus nidulans (2.2%) isolate. Molecular identification showed 27 isolates of A. flavus (60.0%), eight isolates of A. fumigatus (17.8%), two isolates of A. niger (4.4%) and one isolate of A. nidulans (2.2%), while seven isolates (15.6%) were cryptic species or mixed isolates.CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility testing showed all isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, azoles and micafungin. Aspergillus flavus was the main causative organism in IPA cases in Jakarta, followed by A. fumigatus.
Published: 2021

35. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Author: Hoenigl, Martin, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Walsh, Thomas J., Nucci, Marcio, Neoh, Chin Fen, Jenks, Jeffrey D., Lackner, Michaela, Sprute, Rosanne, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S., Bassetti, Matteo, Carlesse, Fabianne, Freiberger, Tomas, Koehler, Philipp, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Kumar, Anil, Prattes, Juergen, Richardson, Malcolm, Revankar, Sanjay, Slavin, Monica A., Stemler, Jannik, Spiess, Birgit, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J., Warris, Adilia, Woo, Patrick C. Y., Young, Jo-Anne H., Albus, Kerstin, Arenz, Dorothee, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Chinniah, Terrence Rohan, Chowdhary, Anuradha, de Hoog, G. Sybren, Dimopoulos, George, Duarte, Rafael F., Hamal, Petr, Meis, Jacques F., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Patterson, Thomas F., Rahav, Galia, Rogers, Thomas R., Rotstein, Coleman, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Hoenigl, Martin, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Walsh, Thomas J., Nucci, Marcio, Neoh, Chin Fen, Jenks, Jeffrey D., Lackner, Michaela, Sprute, Rosanne, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M. S., Bassetti, Matteo, Carlesse, Fabianne, Freiberger, Tomas, Koehler, Philipp, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Kumar, Anil, Prattes, Juergen, Richardson, Malcolm, Revankar, Sanjay, Slavin, Monica A., Stemler, Jannik, Spiess, Birgit, Taj-Aldeen, Saad J., Warris, Adilia, Woo, Patrick C. Y., Young, Jo-Anne H., Albus, Kerstin, Arenz, Dorothee, Arsic-Arsenijevic, Valentina, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Chinniah, Terrence Rohan, Chowdhary, Anuradha, de Hoog, G. Sybren, Dimopoulos, George, Duarte, Rafael F., Hamal, Petr, Meis, Jacques F., Mfinanga, Sayoki, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Patterson, Thomas F., Rahav, Galia, Rogers, Thomas R., Rotstein, Coleman, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Seidel, Danila, and Cornely, Oliver A.
Abstract: With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.
Published: 2021

36. COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March-August 2020

Author: Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Sprute, Rosanne, Stemler, Jannik, Bartoletti, Michele, Dupont, Damien, Valerio, Maricela, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Falces-Romero, Iker, Machado, Marina, de la Villa, Sofia, Schroeder, Maria, Hoyo, Irma, Hanses, Frank, Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Meis, Jacques F., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Antinori, Spinello, Sal, Ertan, Malaj, Xhorxha, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., Koehler, Philipp, Salmanton-Garcia, Jon, Sprute, Rosanne, Stemler, Jannik, Bartoletti, Michele, Dupont, Damien, Valerio, Maricela, Garcia-Vidal, Carolina, Falces-Romero, Iker, Machado, Marina, de la Villa, Sofia, Schroeder, Maria, Hoyo, Irma, Hanses, Frank, Ferreira-Paim, Kennio, Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto, Meis, Jacques F., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Antinori, Spinello, Sal, Ertan, Malaj, Xhorxha, Seidel, Danila, Cornely, Oliver A., and Koehler, Philipp
Abstract: Pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in China at the end of 2019. Because of the severe immunomodulation and lymphocyte depletion caused by this virus and the subsequent administration of drugs directed at the immune system, we anticipated that patients might experience fungal superinfection. We collected data from 186 patients who had coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) worldwide during March-August 2020. Overall, 182 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), including 180 with acute respiratory distress syndrome and 175 who received mechanical ventilation. CAPA was diagnosed a median of 10 days after coronavirus disease diagnosis. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified in 80.3% of patient cultures, 4 of which were azole-resistant. Most (52.7%) patients received voriconazole. In total, 52.2% of patients died; of the deaths, 33.0% were attributed to CAPA. We found that the cumulative incidence of CAPA in the ICU ranged from 1.0% to 39.1%.
Published: 2021

37. ECMM/ISHAM recommendations for clinical management of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in low- and middle-income countries

Author: Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M., Hoenigl, Martin, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Muthu, Valliappan, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Perfect, John, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M., Hoenigl, Martin, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Muthu, Valliappan, Gangneux, Jean Pierre, Perfect, John, and Chakrabarti, Arunaloke
Abstract: Reports are increasing on the emergence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low- and middle-income countries. The recent unprecedented surge of CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 mucormycosis cases are counted and India is the first country where mucormycosis has been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception of management, diagnosing and treating this infection continue to occur. Thus, European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) felt the need to address clinical management of CAM in low- and middle-income countries. This article provides a comprehensive document to help clinicians in managing this infection. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and inappropriate (high dose or not indicated) corticosteroid use are the major predisposing factors for this surge. High counts of Mucorales spores in both the indoor and outdoor environments, and the immunosuppressive impact of COVID-19 patients as well as immunotherapy are possible additional factors. Furthermore, a hyperglycaemic state leads to an increased expression of glucose regulated protein (GRP- 78) in endothelial cells that may help the entry of Mucorales into tissues. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is the most common presentation followed by pulmonary mucormycosis. Recommendations are focused on the early suspicion of the disease and confirmation of diagnosis. Regarding management, glycaemic control, elimination of corticosteroid therapy, extensive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy are the standards for proper care. Due to limited availability of amphotericin B formulations during the present epidemic, alternative antifungal therapies are also discussed.
Published: 2021

38. Comparison of Two Commercially Available qPCR Kits for the Detection of Candida auris

Author: Sattler, Janko, Noster, Janina, Brunke, Anne, Plum, Georg, Wiegel, Pia, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., Hamprecht, Axel, Sattler, Janko, Noster, Janina, Brunke, Anne, Plum, Georg, Wiegel, Pia, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., and Hamprecht, Axel
Abstract: Candida auris is an emerging pathogen with resistance to many commonly used antifungal agents. Infections with C. auris require rapid and reliable detection methods to initiate successful medical treatment and contain hospital outbreaks. Conventional identification methods are prone to errors and can lead to misidentifications. PCR-based assays, in turn, can provide reliable results with low turnaround times. However, only limited data are available on the performance of commercially available assays for C. auris detection. In the present study, the two commercially available PCR assays AurisID (OLM, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK) and Fungiplex Candida Auris RUO Real-Time PCR (Bruker, Bremen, Germany) were challenged with 29 C. auris isolates from all five clades and eight other Candida species as controls. AurisID reliably detected C. auris with a limit of detection (LoD) of 1 genome copies/reaction. However, false positive results were obtained with high DNA amounts of the closely related species C. haemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii. The Fungiplex Candida Auris RUO Real-Time PCR kit detected C. auris with an LoD of 9 copies/reaction. No false positive results were obtained with this assay. In addition, C. auris could also be detected in human blood samples spiked with pure fungal cultures by both kits. In summary, both kits could detect C. auris-DNA at low DNA concentrations but differed slightly in their limits of detection and specificity.
Published: 2021

39. Antifungal activity of nitroxoline against Candida auris isolates

Author: Fuchs, Frieder, Hof, Herbert, Hofmann, Sandra, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., Hamprecht, Axel, Fuchs, Frieder, Hof, Herbert, Hofmann, Sandra, Kurzai, Oliver, Meis, Jacques F., and Hamprecht, Axel
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the in vitro activity of nitroxoline against a molecularly characterized collection of clinical Candida auris isolates. Methods: Thirty-five clinical isolates of C. auris from diverse sources representing all five different C. auris clades were included in the study. Nitroxoline activity was assessed using broth microdilution. Additionally, susceptibility testing by disc diffusion was assessed on RPMI-1640 and Muller-Hinton agar plates. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of the antifungals fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and anidulafungin were determined. Results: Nitroxoline MICs ranged from 0.125 to 1 mg/L (MIC50/90 0.25/0.5 mg/L). Compared with amphotericin B (MIC >1 mg/L in 4/35 isolates), anidulafungin (MIC >0.06 mg/L in 26/35 isolates) and fluconazole (MIC >4 mg/L in 31/35 isolates), in vitro activity of nitroxoline was high. Isolates belonging to clade I had marginally lower nitroxoline MICs (range 0.125-0.5 mg/L, mean MIC 0.375 mg/L) compared with clade III (range 0.5-1 mg/L, mean MIC 0.7 mg/L; p 1/4 0.0094). The correlation of MIC and inhibition zones by disc diffusion was good when using RPMI-agar for disc diffusion, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of-0.74 (95% CI-0.86 to-0.54). Conclusions: Nitroxoline has excellent in vitro activity against C. auris isolates, with MICs of 0.125-1 mg/L (for comparison, the EUCAST breakpoint for uncomplicated urinary tract infection with Escherichia coli is <= 16 mg/L). It is an approved, well-tolerated antimicrobial that achieves high urinary concentrations after oral administration and could be a useful treatment option in C. auris candiduria. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Published: 2021

40. Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Author: Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus J. N., Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward C Y, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, S López-Berges, Manuel, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, N M I, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, Mulè, Giuseppina, Munaut, Françoise, Munkvold, Gary P, Nicholson, Paul, Nucci, Marcio, O'Donnell, Kerry, Pasquali, Matias, Pfenning, Ludwig H, Prigitano, Anna, Proctor, Robert H, Ranque, Stéphane, Rehner, Stephen A, Rep, Martijn, Rodríguez-Alvarado, Gerardo, Rose, Lindy Joy, Roth, Mitchell G, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Saleh, Amgad A, Salleh, Baharuddin, Sang, Hyunkyu, Scandiani, María Mercedes, Scauflaire, Jonathan, Schmale, David G, Short, Dylan P G, Šišić, Adnan, Smith, Jason A, Smyth, Christopher W, Son, Hokyoung, Spahr, Ellie, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma, Steinberg, Christian, Subramaniam, Rajagopal, Suga, Haruhisa, Summerell, Brett A, Susca, Antonella, Swett, Cassandra L, Toomajian, Christopher, Torres-Cruz, Terry J, Tortorano, Anna M, Urban, Martin, Vaillancourt, Lisa J, Vallad, Gary E, van der Lee, Theo A J, Vanderpool, Dan, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Vaughan, Martha M, Venter, Eduard, Vermeulen, Marcele, Verweij, Paul E, Viljoen, Altus, Waalwijk, Cees, Wallace, Emma C, Walther, Grit, Wang, Jie, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Wood, Ana K M, Xu, Jin-Rong, Yang, Xiao-Bing, Yli-Mattila, Tapani, Yun, Sung-Hwan, Zakaria, Latiffah, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Ning, Zhang, Sean X, Zhang, Xue, Geiser, David M, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M S, Aoki, Takayuki, Arie, Tsutomu, Balmas, Virgilio, Barnes, Irene, Bergstrom, Gary C, Bhattacharyya, Madan K, Blomquist, Cheryl L, Bowden, Robert L, Brankovics, Balázs, Brown, Daren W, Burgess, Lester W, Bushley, Kathryn, Busman, Mark, Cano-Lira, José F, Carrillo, Joseph D, Chang, Hao-Xun, Chen, Chi-Yu, Chen, Wanquan, Chilvers, Martin, Chulze, Sofia, Coleman, Jeffrey J, Cuomo, Christina A, de Beer, Z Wilhelm, de Hoog, G Sybren, Del Castillo-Múnera, Johanna, Del Ponte, Emerson M, Diéguez-Uribeondo, Javier, Di Pietro, Antonio, Edel-Hermann, Véronique, Elmer, Wade H, Epstein, Lynn, Eskalen, Akif, Esposto, Maria Carmela, Everts, Kathryne L, Fernández-Pavía, Sylvia P, da Silva, Gilvan Ferreira, Foroud, Nora A, Fourie, Gerda, Frandsen, Rasmus J. N., Freeman, Stanley, Freitag, Michael, Frenkel, Omer, Fuller, Kevin K, Gagkaeva, Tatiana, Gardiner, Donald M, Glenn, Anthony E, Gold, Scott E, Gordon, Thomas R, Gregory, Nancy F, Gryzenhout, Marieka, Guarro, Josep, Gugino, Beth K, Gutierrez, Santiago, Hammond-Kosack, Kim E, Harris, Linda J, Homa, Mónika, Hong, Cheng-Fang, Hornok, László, Huang, Jenn-Wen, Ilkit, Macit, Jacobs, Adriaana, Jacobs, Karin, Jiang, Cong, Jiménez-Gasco, María Del Mar, Kang, Seogchan, Kasson, Matthew T, Kazan, Kemal, Kennell, John C, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Kuldau, Gretchen A, Kulik, Tomasz, Kurzai, Oliver, Laraba, Imane, Laurence, Matthew H, Lee, Theresa, Lee, Yin-Won, Lee, Yong-Hwan, Leslie, John F, Liew, Edward C Y, Lofton, Lily W, Logrieco, Antonio F, S López-Berges, Manuel, Luque, Alicia G, Lysøe, Erik, Ma, Li-Jun, Marra, Robert E, Martin, Frank N, May, Sara R, McCormick, Susan P, McGee, Chyanna, Meis, Jacques F, Migheli, Quirico, Mohamed Nor, N M I, Monod, Michel, Moretti, Antonio, Mostert, Diane, Mulè, Giuseppina, Munaut, Françoise, Munkvold, Gary P, Nicholson, Paul, Nucci, Marcio, O'Donnell, Kerry, Pasquali, Matias, Pfenning, Ludwig H, Prigitano, Anna, Proctor, Robert H, Ranque, Stéphane, Rehner, Stephen A, Rep, Martijn, Rodríguez-Alvarado, Gerardo, Rose, Lindy Joy, Roth, Mitchell G, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Saleh, Amgad A, Salleh, Baharuddin, Sang, Hyunkyu, Scandiani, María Mercedes, Scauflaire, Jonathan, Schmale, David G, Short, Dylan P G, Šišić, Adnan, Smith, Jason A, Smyth, Christopher W, Son, Hokyoung, Spahr, Ellie, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma, Steinberg, Christian, Subramaniam, Rajagopal, Suga, Haruhisa, Summerell, Brett A, Susca, Antonella, Swett, Cassandra L, Toomajian, Christopher, Torres-Cruz, Terry J, Tortorano, Anna M, Urban, Martin, Vaillancourt, Lisa J, Vallad, Gary E, van der Lee, Theo A J, Vanderpool, Dan, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Vaughan, Martha M, Venter, Eduard, Vermeulen, Marcele, Verweij, Paul E, Viljoen, Altus, Waalwijk, Cees, Wallace, Emma C, Walther, Grit, Wang, Jie, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Wood, Ana K M, Xu, Jin-Rong, Yang, Xiao-Bing, Yli-Mattila, Tapani, Yun, Sung-Hwan, Zakaria, Latiffah, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Ning, Zhang, Sean X, and Zhang, Xue
Abstract: Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.
Published: 2021

41. No to Neocosmospora: Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus Fusarium.

Author: O'Donnell, Kerry, O'Donnell, Kerry, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Brankovics, Balázs, Cano-Lira, José F, Coleman, Jeffrey J, de Hoog, G Sybren, Di Pietro, Antonio, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Geiser, David M, Gibas, Connie FC, Guarro, Josep, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Laraba, Imane, Leslie, John F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Lysøe, Erik, Meis, Jacques F, Monod, Michel, Proctor, Robert H, Rep, Martijn, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Šišić, Adnan, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma T, Summerell, Brett A, van der Lee, Theo AJ, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Verweij, Paul E, Waalwijk, Cees, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Zhang, Ning, Zhang, Sean X, O'Donnell, Kerry, O'Donnell, Kerry, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Brankovics, Balázs, Cano-Lira, José F, Coleman, Jeffrey J, de Hoog, G Sybren, Di Pietro, Antonio, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Geiser, David M, Gibas, Connie FC, Guarro, Josep, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Laraba, Imane, Leslie, John F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Lysøe, Erik, Meis, Jacques F, Monod, Michel, Proctor, Robert H, Rep, Martijn, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Šišić, Adnan, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma T, Summerell, Brett A, van der Lee, Theo AJ, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Verweij, Paul E, Waalwijk, Cees, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Zhang, Ning, and Zhang, Sean X
Abstract: This article is to alert medical mycologists and infectious disease specialists of recent name changes of medically important species of the filamentous mold Fusarium Fusarium species can cause localized and life-threating infections in humans. Of the 70 Fusarium species that have been reported to cause infections, close to one-third are members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), and they collectively account for approximately two-thirds of all reported Fusarium infections. Many of these species were recently given scientific names for the first time by a research group in the Netherlands, but they were misplaced in the genus Neocosmospora In this paper, we present genetic arguments that strongly support inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium There are potentially serious consequences associated with using the name Neocosmospora for Fusarium species because clinicians need to be aware that fusaria are broadly resistant to the spectrum of antifungals that are currently available.
Published: 2020

42. Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

Author: Donnelly, J Peter, Chen, Sharon C, Kauffman, Carol A, Steinbach, William J, Baddley, John W, Verweij, Paul E, Clancy, Cornelius J, Wingard, John R, Lockhart, Shawn R, Groll, Andreas H, Sorrell, Tania C, Bassetti, Matteo, Akan, Hamdi, Alexander, Barbara D, Andes, David, Azoulay, Elie, Bialek, Ralf, Bradsher, Robert W, Bretagne, Stephane, Calandra, Thierry, Caliendo, Angela M, Castagnola, Elio, Cruciani, Mario, Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel, Decker, Catherine F, Desai, Sujal R, Fisher, Brian, Harrison, Thomas, Heussel, Claus Peter, Jensen, Henrik E, Kibbler, Christopher C, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Lagrou, Katrien, Lamoth, Frédéric, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Loeffler, Jurgen, Lortholary, Olivier, Maertens, Johan, Marchetti, Oscar, Marr, Kieren A, Masur, Henry, Meis, Jacques F, Morrisey, C Orla, Nucci, Marcio, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Pagano, Livio, Patterson, Thomas F, Perfect, John R, Racil, Zdenek, Roilides, Emmanuel, Ruhnke, Marcus, Prokop, Cornelia Schaefer, Shoham, Shmuel, Slavin, Monica A, Stevens, David A, Thompson, George R, Vazquez, Jose A, Viscoli, Claudio, Walsh, Thomas J, Warris, Adilia, Wheat, L Joseph, White, P Lewis, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, Pappas, Peter G, Donnelly, J Peter, Chen, Sharon C, Kauffman, Carol A, Steinbach, William J, Baddley, John W, Verweij, Paul E, Clancy, Cornelius J, Wingard, John R, Lockhart, Shawn R, Groll, Andreas H, Sorrell, Tania C, Bassetti, Matteo, Akan, Hamdi, Alexander, Barbara D, Andes, David, Azoulay, Elie, Bialek, Ralf, Bradsher, Robert W, Bretagne, Stephane, Calandra, Thierry, Caliendo, Angela M, Castagnola, Elio, Cruciani, Mario, Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel, Decker, Catherine F, Desai, Sujal R, Fisher, Brian, Harrison, Thomas, Heussel, Claus Peter, Jensen, Henrik E, Kibbler, Christopher C, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Lagrou, Katrien, Lamoth, Frédéric, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Loeffler, Jurgen, Lortholary, Olivier, Maertens, Johan, Marchetti, Oscar, Marr, Kieren A, Masur, Henry, Meis, Jacques F, Morrisey, C Orla, Nucci, Marcio, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Pagano, Livio, Patterson, Thomas F, Perfect, John R, Racil, Zdenek, Roilides, Emmanuel, Ruhnke, Marcus, Prokop, Cornelia Schaefer, Shoham, Shmuel, Slavin, Monica A, Stevens, David A, Thompson, George R, Vazquez, Jose A, Viscoli, Claudio, Walsh, Thomas J, Warris, Adilia, Wheat, L Joseph, White, P Lewis, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, and Pappas, Peter G
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have been of immense value to researchers who conduct clinical trials of antifungals, assess diagnostic tests, and undertake epidemiologic studies. However, their utility has not extended beyond patients with cancer or recipients of stem cell or solid organ transplants. With newer diagnostic techniques available, it was clear that an update of these definitions was essential.METHODS: To achieve this, 10 working groups looked closely at imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and special populations at risk of IFD. A final version of the manuscript was agreed upon after the groups' findings were presented at a scientific symposium and after a 3-month period for public comment. There were several rounds of discussion before a final version of the manuscript was approved.RESULTS: There is no change in the classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" IFD, although the definition of "probable" has been expanded and the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven IFD can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised. The probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only, except for endemic mycoses.CONCLUSIONS: These updated definitions of IFDs should prove applicable in clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic research of a broader range of patients at high-risk.
Published: 2020

43. European confederation of medical mycology expert consult-An ECMM excellence center initiative

Author: Koehler, Philipp, Denis, Blandine, Denning, David W., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Hoenigl, Martin, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Krause, Robert, Lagrou, Katrien, Lass-Floerl, Cornelia, Maertens, Johan, Marekovic, Ivana, Meis, Jacques F., Molina, Jean-Michel, Plesko, Sanja, Prattes, Juergen, Rath, Peter-Michael, Rautemaa-Richardson, Riina, Richardson, Malcolm, Segal, Esther, Seidel, Danila, Spriet, Isabel, Steinmann, Joerg, Verweij, Paul E., Cornely, Oliver A., Koehler, Philipp, Denis, Blandine, Denning, David W., Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Hoenigl, Martin, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Krause, Robert, Lagrou, Katrien, Lass-Floerl, Cornelia, Maertens, Johan, Marekovic, Ivana, Meis, Jacques F., Molina, Jean-Michel, Plesko, Sanja, Prattes, Juergen, Rath, Peter-Michael, Rautemaa-Richardson, Riina, Richardson, Malcolm, Segal, Esther, Seidel, Danila, Spriet, Isabel, Steinmann, Joerg, Verweij, Paul E., and Cornely, Oliver A.
Abstract: Objectives Difficult-to-treat invasive fungal infections require infectious diseases expert consultation to improve treatment outcome and increase survival rates. Methods The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) intends to provide expert help free of charge by a newly founded ECMM Expert Consultation Service for medical centres around the globe seeking advice when there is no fungal infection consultant available. The expert consult will provide recommendations and broad expertise on difficult-to-treat invasive fungal infections (eg azole-resistant Aspergillus species, Candida auris, mucormycosis) to improve diagnostic and therapeutic management and outcome. Results The initiative plans global outreach through video conferencing between ECMM Excellence Centers and treating physicians. FungiScope(R) registries will be used to structure case information and to evaluate the impact of the collegial advice system at regular intervals. Advice will follow recent guidelines, and EQUAL Scores will be used to measure guideline adherence. Conclusions Infectious diseases expert consultation should be an integral component of care for patients with difficult-to-treat invasive fungal infections. The ECMM Expert Consult will attend to this matter on a global scale.
Published: 2020

44. International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM)-New Initiatives

Author: Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Meis, Jacques F., Cornely, Oliver A., Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Meis, Jacques F., and Cornely, Oliver A.
Abstract: Fungal infections have emerged as major threat to human beings. The world is not ready to face this formidable challenge due to limited awareness, insufficient laboratories, and difficulty in managing mycoses especially in developing countries. The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) has undertaken several new initiatives to overcome these gaps, including a global outreach program with national affiliated mycology societies and other regional groups. ISHAM is working closely with the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) and Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) to enhance these efforts. The society has launched laboratory e-courses and is in the process of the development of clinical e-courses. ISHAM has partnered with regional conferences in South America and Asia by sponsoring international experts and young delegates. The society also supports young people from less developed countries to undergo training in laboratories of excellence. ISHAM facilitated the formation of the INFOCUS-Latin American Clinical Mycology Working Group (LATAM) and the Pan-African Mycology Working Group. The society appointed country ambassadors to facilitate coordination with national societies. Still, the task is enormous and ISHAM calls for strong advocacy and more coordinated activities to attract the attention of people from all disciplines to this neglected field.
Published: 2020

45. Occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans and other yeast-like fungi in environmental sources in Bonaire (Dutch Caribbean)

Author: Gugnani, Harish C, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Gugnani, Harish C, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, and Chakrabarti, Arunaloke
Abstract: Introduction: We report here the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans, and other potentially pathogenic yeasts and yeast-like fungi in environmental sources in Bonaire.Methods: Seventy environmental samples comprising 40 samples of old pigeon droppings, 18 of woody debris from hollows of living trees of Caesalpinia ('Divi Divi'), Ziziphus jujuba (Red Indian date), Tamarindus indica (Tamarind), Terminalia catappa (Tropical almond), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and 3 of other unidentified species of trees, 3 of latex from a rubber tree and 6 of coral dust were processed for isolation of pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. and other potentially pathogenic yeasts and yeast-like fungi. A variety of mycological media were employed. Identification of the isolates was done with conventional techniques and species identification was done by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.Results: Three of the 40 samples from old pigeon droppings yielded Cryptococcus neoformans, constituting the first record of environmental occurrence of this important pathogenic yeast in the Dutch Caribbean. Other potentially pathogenic yeasts and yeast-like fungi recovered from these environmental samples included 6 isolates each of Candida albicans, 8 of Candida parapsilosis, 4 each of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis, 2 each of Candida carpophila, Candida famata, Candida fabianii and Candida pelliculosa, 7 of Candida spp., 5 of Trichosporon spp. and 2 of Sporobolomyces spp.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated for the first time the occurrence of C. neoformans in a natural habitat in the Dutch Caribbean. The recovery of many species of potentially pathogenic yeast-like fungi and yeasts from environmental sources is remarkable.
Published: 2020

46. Donor-Derived Transmission of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Author: Santos, Daniel W C L, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Cristelli, Marina P, Viana, Laila A, Bernardi, Fabiola D C, Tedesco-Silva, Hélio, Medina-Pestana, José O, Colombo, Arnaldo L, Santos, Daniel W C L, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Cristelli, Marina P, Viana, Laila A, Bernardi, Fabiola D C, Tedesco-Silva, Hélio, Medina-Pestana, José O, and Colombo, Arnaldo L
Abstract: We describe cases of donor-derived transmission of Cryptococcus deuterogattii in 2 kidney transplant recipients in Brazil and published information on other cases. Prompt reduction of immunosuppression and initiation of antifungal therapy was required to successfully control the fungal infections and preserve engraftment.
Published: 2020

47. No to Neocosmospora: Phylogenomic and Practical Reasons for Continued Inclusion of the Fusarium solani Species Complex in the Genus Fusarium.

Author: O'Donnell, Kerry, Mitchell, Aaron P1, O'Donnell, Kerry, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Brankovics, Balázs, Cano-Lira, José F, Coleman, Jeffrey J, de Hoog, G Sybren, Di Pietro, Antonio, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Geiser, David M, Gibas, Connie FC, Guarro, Josep, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Laraba, Imane, Leslie, John F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Lysøe, Erik, Meis, Jacques F, Monod, Michel, Proctor, Robert H, Rep, Martijn, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Šišić, Adnan, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma T, Summerell, Brett A, van der Lee, Theo AJ, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Verweij, Paul E, Waalwijk, Cees, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Zhang, Ning, Zhang, Sean X, O'Donnell, Kerry, Mitchell, Aaron P1, O'Donnell, Kerry, Al-Hatmi, Abdullah MS, Aoki, Takayuki, Brankovics, Balázs, Cano-Lira, José F, Coleman, Jeffrey J, de Hoog, G Sybren, Di Pietro, Antonio, Frandsen, Rasmus JN, Geiser, David M, Gibas, Connie FC, Guarro, Josep, Kim, Hye-Seon, Kistler, H Corby, Laraba, Imane, Leslie, John F, López-Berges, Manuel S, Lysøe, Erik, Meis, Jacques F, Monod, Michel, Proctor, Robert H, Rep, Martijn, Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen, Šišić, Adnan, Stajich, Jason E, Steenkamp, Emma T, Summerell, Brett A, van der Lee, Theo AJ, van Diepeningen, Anne D, Verweij, Paul E, Waalwijk, Cees, Ward, Todd J, Wickes, Brian L, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Wingfield, Michael J, Zhang, Ning, and Zhang, Sean X
Abstract: This article is to alert medical mycologists and infectious disease specialists of recent name changes of medically important species of the filamentous mold FusariumFusarium species can cause localized and life-threating infections in humans. Of the 70 Fusarium species that have been reported to cause infections, close to one-third are members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), and they collectively account for approximately two-thirds of all reported Fusarium infections. Many of these species were recently given scientific names for the first time by a research group in the Netherlands, but they were misplaced in the genus Neocosmospora In this paper, we present genetic arguments that strongly support inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium There are potentially serious consequences associated with using the name Neocosmospora for Fusarium species because clinicians need to be aware that fusaria are broadly resistant to the spectrum of antifungals that are currently available.
Published: 2020

48. Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.

Author: Donnelly, J Peter, Donnelly, J Peter, Chen, Sharon C, Kauffman, Carol A, Steinbach, William J, Baddley, John W, Verweij, Paul E, Clancy, Cornelius J, Wingard, John R, Lockhart, Shawn R, Groll, Andreas H, Sorrell, Tania C, Bassetti, Matteo, Akan, Hamdi, Alexander, Barbara D, Andes, David, Azoulay, Elie, Bialek, Ralf, Bradsher, Robert W, Bretagne, Stephane, Calandra, Thierry, Caliendo, Angela M, Castagnola, Elio, Cruciani, Mario, Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel, Decker, Catherine F, Desai, Sujal R, Fisher, Brian, Harrison, Thomas, Heussel, Claus Peter, Jensen, Henrik E, Kibbler, Christopher C, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Lagrou, Katrien, Lamoth, Frédéric, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Loeffler, Jurgen, Lortholary, Olivier, Maertens, Johan, Marchetti, Oscar, Marr, Kieren A, Masur, Henry, Meis, Jacques F, Morrisey, C Orla, Nucci, Marcio, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Pagano, Livio, Patterson, Thomas F, Perfect, John R, Racil, Zdenek, Roilides, Emmanuel, Ruhnke, Marcus, Prokop, Cornelia Schaefer, Shoham, Shmuel, Slavin, Monica A, Stevens, David A, Thompson, George R, Vazquez, Jose A, Viscoli, Claudio, Walsh, Thomas J, Warris, Adilia, Wheat, L Joseph, White, P Lewis, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, Pappas, Peter G, Donnelly, J Peter, Donnelly, J Peter, Chen, Sharon C, Kauffman, Carol A, Steinbach, William J, Baddley, John W, Verweij, Paul E, Clancy, Cornelius J, Wingard, John R, Lockhart, Shawn R, Groll, Andreas H, Sorrell, Tania C, Bassetti, Matteo, Akan, Hamdi, Alexander, Barbara D, Andes, David, Azoulay, Elie, Bialek, Ralf, Bradsher, Robert W, Bretagne, Stephane, Calandra, Thierry, Caliendo, Angela M, Castagnola, Elio, Cruciani, Mario, Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel, Decker, Catherine F, Desai, Sujal R, Fisher, Brian, Harrison, Thomas, Heussel, Claus Peter, Jensen, Henrik E, Kibbler, Christopher C, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kullberg, Bart-Jan, Lagrou, Katrien, Lamoth, Frédéric, Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Loeffler, Jurgen, Lortholary, Olivier, Maertens, Johan, Marchetti, Oscar, Marr, Kieren A, Masur, Henry, Meis, Jacques F, Morrisey, C Orla, Nucci, Marcio, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Pagano, Livio, Patterson, Thomas F, Perfect, John R, Racil, Zdenek, Roilides, Emmanuel, Ruhnke, Marcus, Prokop, Cornelia Schaefer, Shoham, Shmuel, Slavin, Monica A, Stevens, David A, Thompson, George R, Vazquez, Jose A, Viscoli, Claudio, Walsh, Thomas J, Warris, Adilia, Wheat, L Joseph, White, P Lewis, Zaoutis, Theoklis E, and Pappas, Peter G
Abstract: BackgroundInvasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have been of immense value to researchers who conduct clinical trials of antifungals, assess diagnostic tests, and undertake epidemiologic studies. However, their utility has not extended beyond patients with cancer or recipients of stem cell or solid organ transplants. With newer diagnostic techniques available, it was clear that an update of these definitions was essential.MethodsTo achieve this, 10 working groups looked closely at imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and special populations at risk of IFD. A final version of the manuscript was agreed upon after the groups' findings were presented at a scientific symposium and after a 3-month period for public comment. There were several rounds of discussion before a final version of the manuscript was approved.ResultsThere is no change in the classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" IFD, although the definition of "probable" has been expanded and the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven IFD can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised. The probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only, except for endemic mycoses.ConclusionsThese updated definitions of IFDs should prove applicable in clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic research of a broader range of patients at high-risk.
Published: 2020

49. Evaluation of Microsatellite Typing, ITS Sequencing, AFLP Fingerprinting, MALDI-TOF MS, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Candida auris

Author: Vatanshenassan, Mansoureh, Boekhout, Teun, Mauder, Norman, Robert, Vincent, Maier, Thomas, Meis, Jacques F, Berman, Judith, Then, Euníce, Kostrzewa, Markus, Hagen, Ferry, Vatanshenassan, Mansoureh, Boekhout, Teun, Mauder, Norman, Robert, Vincent, Maier, Thomas, Meis, Jacques F, Berman, Judith, Then, Euníce, Kostrzewa, Markus, and Hagen, Ferry
Abstract: Candida auris is an emerging opportunistic yeast species causing nosocomial outbreaks at a global scale. A few studies have focused on the C. auris genotypic structure. Here, we compared five epidemiological typing tools using a set of 96 C. auris isolates from 14 geographical areas. Isolates were analyzed by microsatellite typing, ITS sequencing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprint analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. Microsatellite typing grouped the isolates into four main clusters, corresponding to the four known clades in concordance with whole genome sequencing studies. The other investigated typing tools showed poor performance compared with microsatellite typing. A comparison between the five methods showed the highest agreement between microsatellite typing and ITS sequencing with 45% similarity, followed by microsatellite typing and the FTIR method with 33% similarity. The lowest agreement was observed between FTIR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF MS, and ITS sequencing. This study indicates that microsatellite typing is the tool of choice for C. auris outbreak investigations. Additionally, FTIR spectroscopy requires further optimization and evaluation before it can be used as an epidemiological typing method, comparable with microsatellite typing, as a rapid method for tracing nosocomial fungal outbreaks.
Published: 2020

50. Donor-Derived Transmission of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Author: Santos, Daniel W C L, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Cristelli, Marina P, Viana, Laila A, Bernardi, Fabiola D C, Tedesco-Silva, Hélio, Medina-Pestana, José O, Colombo, Arnaldo L, Santos, Daniel W C L, Hagen, Ferry, Meis, Jacques F, Cristelli, Marina P, Viana, Laila A, Bernardi, Fabiola D C, Tedesco-Silva, Hélio, Medina-Pestana, José O, and Colombo, Arnaldo L
Abstract: We describe cases of donor-derived transmission of Cryptococcus deuterogattii in 2 kidney transplant recipients in Brazil and published information on other cases. Prompt reduction of immunosuppression and initiation of antifungal therapy was required to successfully control the fungal infections and preserve engraftment.
Published: 2020

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