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The Anthropocene signifies the start of a no-analogue trajectory of the Earth system that is fundamentally different from the Holocene. This new trajectory is characterized by rising risks of triggering irreversible and unmanageable shifts in Earth system functioning. We urgently need a new global approach to safeguard critical Earth system regulating functions more effectively and comprehensively. The global commons framework is the closest example of an existing approach with the aim of governing biophysical systems on Earth upon which the world collectively depends. Derived during stable Holocene conditions, the global commons framework must now evolve in the light of new Anthropocene dynamics. This requires a fundamental shift from a focus only on governing shared resources beyond national jurisdiction, to one that secures critical functions of the Earth system irrespective of national boundaries. We propose a new framework—the planetary commons—which differs from the global commons framework by including not only globally shared geographic regions but also critical biophysical systems that regulate the resilience and state, and therefore livability, on Earth. The new planetary commons should articulate and create comprehensive stewardship obligations through Earth system governance aimed at restoring and strengthening planetary resilience and justice.

During the additive manufacturing “boom” of the last decade, consumer level 3D printers have kept pace with commercial/industrial printers, both in numbers and features. However, in material characterization data, the access to date for the consumer has significantly lagged behind. Consumer level 3D printers provide a significant asset to entrepreneurs, small businesses, universities, college students, and hobbyists due to the low initial capital cost and relatively low operational costs. Commercial grade 3D printers and the associated filaments sold for their use typically have well documented material properties and print parameters. Consumer 3D printers, however, typically have limited or no access to mechanical test data for their materials. This paper describes the work of the authors to fill the existing knowledge gap in the mechanical properties of consumer level 3D printer filament. ASTM Tensile (D638) tests were performed on samples produced by two commercially available 3D printers. The materials tested include PLA, ABS, PETG, various nylons, Polycarbonate/ABS, and ASA filaments. Samples were printed with infill percentages ranging from 15% to 100% to test for tensile properties.

During the additive manufacturing “boom” of the last decade, consumer level 3D printers have kept pace with commercial/industrial printers, both in numbers and features. However, in material characterization data, the access to date for the consumer has significantly lagged behind. Consumer level 3D printers provide a significant asset to entrepreneurs, small businesses, universities, college students, and hobbyists due to the low initial capital cost and relatively low operational costs. Commercial grade 3D printers and the associated filaments sold for their use typically have well documented material properties and print parameters. Consumer 3D printers, however, typically have limited or no access to mechanical test data for their materials. This paper describes the work of the authors to fill the existing knowledge gap in the mechanical properties of consumer level 3D printer filament. ASTM Tensile (D638) tests were performed on samples produced by two commercially available 3D printers. The materials tested include PLA, ABS, PETG, various nylons, Polycarbonate/ABS, and ASA filaments. Samples were printed with infill percentages ranging from 15% to 100% to test for tensile properties.

Coastal and shorelinemanagement increasingly needs to consider morphological change occurring at decadal to centennial timescales, especially that related to climate change and sea-level rise. This requires the development ofmorphologicalmodels operating at amesoscale, defined by time and length scales ofthe order 101 to 102 years and 101 to 102 km. So-called ‘reduced complexity’ models that represent critical processes at scales not much smaller than the primary scale ofinterest, and are regulated by capturing the critical feedbacks that govern landform behaviour, are proving effective as a means of exploring emergent coastal behaviour at a landscape scale. Such models tend to be computationally efficient and are thus easily applied within a probabilistic framework. At the same time, reductionist models, built upon a more detailed description of hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes, are capable ofapplication at increasingly broad spatial and temporal scales. More qualitative modelling approaches are also emerging that can guide the development and deployment of quantitative models, and these can be supplemented by varied data-driven modelling approaches that can achieve new explanatory insights from observational datasets. Such disparate approaches have hitherto been pursued largely in isolation bymutually exclusive modelling communities. Brought together, they have the potential to facilitate a step change in our ability to simulate the evolution of coastal morphology at scales that are most relevant to managing erosion and flood risk. Here, we advocate and outline a new integratedmodelling framework that deploys coupled mesoscale reduced complexity models, reductionist coastal area models, data-driven approaches, and qualitative conceptual models. Integration of these heterogeneous approaches gives rise tomodel compositions that can potentially resolve decadal- to centennial-scale behaviour of diverse coupled open coast, estuary and inner shelfsettings.

Coastal and shorelinemanagement increasingly needs to consider morphological change occurring at decadal to centennial timescales, especially that related to climate change and sea-level rise. This requires the development ofmorphologicalmodels operating at amesoscale, defined by time and length scales ofthe order 101 to 102 years and 101 to 102 km. So-called ‘reduced complexity’ models that represent critical processes at scales not much smaller than the primary scale ofinterest, and are regulated by capturing the critical feedbacks that govern landform behaviour, are proving effective as a means of exploring emergent coastal behaviour at a landscape scale. Such models tend to be computationally efficient and are thus easily applied within a probabilistic framework. At the same time, reductionist models, built upon a more detailed description of hydrodynamic and sediment transport processes, are capable ofapplication at increasingly broad spatial and temporal scales. More qualitative modelling approaches are also emerging that can guide the development and deployment of quantitative models, and these can be supplemented by varied data-driven modelling approaches that can achieve new explanatory insights from observational datasets. Such disparate approaches have hitherto been pursued largely in isolation bymutually exclusive modelling communities. Brought together, they have the potential to facilitate a step change in our ability to simulate the evolution of coastal morphology at scales that are most relevant to managing erosion and flood risk. Here, we advocate and outline a new integratedmodelling framework that deploys coupled mesoscale reduced complexity models, reductionist coastal area models, data-driven approaches, and qualitative conceptual models. Integration of these heterogeneous approaches gives rise tomodel compositions that can potentially resolve decadal- to centennial-scale behaviour of diverse coupled open coast, estuary and inner shelfsettings.

Dead Fly; Eden and the Idiot Child: Arthur Miller's After the Fall; Sports and the Competitive Ethic: Death of a Salesman and That Championship Season; The Names for the American Colonies in Jeremy Belknap's The Foresters; The Dramatic Integrity of Huck Finn; Dear Man!: Bluff Letters of Literary Friendship from James Whitcomb Riley to Hamlin Garland; Jack London's South Seas Humor; Faulkner's Other State: His Fictional View of Alabama; The Awakening: Kate Chopin's Endlessly Rocking Cycle; Lily—Bartering on the New York Social Exchange in The House of Mirth; Mary Parker Follett; To An Indian Woman; Plath's Family Album: Portraits of Grotesques; Gravestones, This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Dead Fly; Eden and the Idiot Child: Arthur Miller's After the Fall; Sports and the Competitive Ethic: Death of a Salesman and That Championship Season; The Names for the American Colonies in Jeremy Belknap's The Foresters; The Dramatic Integrity of Huck Finn; Dear Man!: Bluff Letters of Literary Friendship from James Whitcomb Riley to Hamlin Garland; Jack London's South Seas Humor; Faulkner's Other State: His Fictional View of Alabama; The Awakening: Kate Chopin's Endlessly Rocking Cycle; Lily—Bartering on the New York Social Exchange in The House of Mirth; Mary Parker Follett; To An Indian Woman; Plath's Family Album: Portraits of Grotesques; Gravestones, This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This study was directed toward portraying the actions of armor in the conduct of a strategic double envelopment. The material available for consideration, and the time allotted did not permit a complete study of all the armored divisions which took part in the establishment of the bridgeheads and in the final reduction of the pocket. With that in mind, the study was limited to a consideration of the two armored divisions which constituted the encircling forces. Tables of contents: Introduction, Hell on Wheels, the actions of the 2nd Armored Division, 25 March to 1 April, 1945, Spearhead, the actions of the 3rd Armored Division, 25 March to 1 April, 1945, Summary and Conclusion, Bibliography, Appendices.