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Micro Enterprises (MEs) occupy a central place in the economies of both developed and developing nations. Micro Enterprises are business with fewer than ten (10) employees. These enterprises have fundamental roles in the development of any economy. In addition, they make-up the vast majority of enterprises (between 70% and 95%) around the globe. Despite the importance and contributions of MEs to the economic growth of Nigeria, many constraints affects their development and the most formidable of these constraints is the lack of access to finance. However, the emergence of Islamic microfinance in the Nigeria is a positive innovation in the economy. Adoption of Islamic microfinance would significantly address the financing constraints faced by micro enterprises in the region. It is against this background that this study examined the financing constraints faced by micro enterprises in the north-eastern region and assess how Islamic microfinance can improve MEs access to finance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from microenterprises in two (2) states of the north-east region, namely, Gombe and Yobe states, respectively. Multiple sampling techniques were used to identify respondents in six (6) local government areas (3 from each state), including, Gombe, Akko, Funekaye, Potiskum, Bade and Damaturu LGAs. Out of the 440 copies of questionnaires administered, 426 were usable. The results of descriptive analysis revealed that microenterprises may eventually succeed in accessing external financing, but they might encounter difficulties in the process of obtaining these loans. The challenges MEs often face in accessing external funds include: religious prohibition, high interest rate, strict documentation requirement, high collateral, short loan duration, insufficient amount of loan, and complexity of loan application and procedure. The result also showed that Islamic Microfinance have high prospect in enhancing ME access to finance and majority of ME owne

Micro Enterprises (MEs) occupy a central place in the economies of both developed and developing nations. Micro Enterprises are business with fewer than ten (10) employees. These enterprises have fundamental roles in the development of any economy. In addition, they make-up the vast majority of enterprises (between 70% and 95%) around the globe. Despite the importance and contributions of MEs to the economic growth of Nigeria, many constraints affects their development and the most formidable of these constraints is the lack of access to finance. However, the emergence of Islamic microfinance in the Nigeria is a positive innovation in the economy. Adoption of Islamic microfinance would significantly address the financing constraints faced by micro enterprises in the region. It is against this background that this study examined the financing constraints faced by micro enterprises in the north-eastern region and assess how Islamic microfinance can improve MEs access to finance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from microenterprises in two (2) states of the north-east region, namely, Gombe and Yobe states, respectively. Multiple sampling techniques were used to identify respondents in six (6) local government areas (3 from each state), including, Gombe, Akko, Funekaye, Potiskum, Bade and Damaturu LGAs. Out of the 440 copies of questionnaires administered, 426 were usable. The results of descriptive analysis revealed that microenterprises may eventually succeed in accessing external financing, but they might encounter difficulties in the process of obtaining these loans. The challenges MEs often face in accessing external funds include: religious prohibition, high interest rate, strict documentation requirement, high collateral, short loan duration, insufficient amount of loan, and complexity of loan application and procedure. The result also showed that Islamic Microfinance have high prospect in enhancing ME access to finance and majority of ME owne

Purpose: This study seeks to examine the trends in existing studies in the field of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil microfinance in terms of theories, themes, methodologies, and contexts. Theoretical framework: This study utilized bibliometric analysis and the software Publish or Perish in conjunction with the Scopus database. Articles published in 37 journals between 2011 and 2022 were chosen. This study employed systematic data to identify trends in expanding markets and qualitative inductive analysis to identify pertinent themes within the topic. Design/methodology/approach: We analysed the profile of international publica­tions on blended learning in management and business from 2001 to 2021. We identified when, who, where and what was published on the subject, singling out the authors and journals with the greatest impact based on the h-index and CiteScore (Scopus), as well as exploring the cooperation between countries. Findings: The results show that Six research themes have been developed indicating potential explorative and exploitative research themes. This study identified the dominance of the qualitative approach in BMT research. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest practical implications as empirical evidence that could be used in a variety of ways, including as a springboard to formulate intervention initiatives aimed at promoting engagement and the development of Islamic microfinance in Baitul Maal wat Tamwil and as a measure of both the economic and non-economic impact. Originality/value: This study aims to fill the research gap by conducting a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature surrounding Islamic microfinance "Baitul Maal wat Tamwil" in Indonesia.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the problems in Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) in empowering the economy of the ummah in Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The main topics discussed are the concept and systematics of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil, the role of BMT in the economic empowerment of MSMEs and people experiencing poverty, and the problems BMT faces. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a descriptive qualitative method that conveys data verbally and emphasizes contextual issues. Data were obtained from 24 BMT managers spread across East Java. Findings: The results of this study confirm that there are various problems perceived by BMT, including a lack of understanding of sharia economics owned by managers, DPS and members, limited capital, low participation of the general public, BMT regulations, existence, weak entrepreneurship skills of members, lack of sense of ownership of BMT presence, and implementation techniques and management that are not optimal. Research, Practical & Social implications: This research contributes to classifying the problems that are currently occurring in several BMTs in East Java so that evaluations in several sectors can be identified that must be improved in order to optimize the role of the BMT in helping marginal communities to be free from poverty. Originality/value: This research classifies the problems of BMT in Indonesia, not only discussing it from an economic perspective but this research also discussing BMT regulations.

The achievement of sustainable development goals is a challenge for United Nations Development Programme member countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore and compare the role that the financial performance of global Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions playing achieving sustainable development goals by using non-traditional indexes. Further, the study also checked the moderating role of institution size in this relationship. Results indicate that the financial performance of both Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions is important to achieving sustainable development goals. Institution size as a moderator has a negative impact on the financial performance of conventional microfinance institutions in achieving sustainable development due to the possibility of commercialization. In terms of policy recommendations, the results of this study present several policy directions for both Islamic and conventional institution managers for both developed and developing countries. Both Islamic and conventional MFIs managers should focus on financial performance to achieve sustainable development goals. The managers should realize that in the case of increasing the institution's size, financial performance can be improved, but it also creates commercialization, making the main objective of serving the poorest customers difficult. This study also gives directions to the government, central bodies, and other regulatory authorities to develop policies for improving the financial performance of both Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions to achieve sustainable development goals. This study has taken two indicators of financial performance that are extensively discussed in the literature. For future studies, other financial performance indicators can be included in the study.

The achievement of sustainable development goals is a challenge for United Nations Development Programme member countries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore and compare the role that the financial performance of global Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions playing achieving sustainable development goals by using non-traditional indexes. Further, the study also checked the moderating role of institution size in this relationship. Results indicate that the financial performance of both Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions is important to achieving sustainable development goals. Institution size as a moderator has a negative impact on the financial performance of conventional microfinance institutions in achieving sustainable development due to the possibility of commercialization. In terms of policy recommendations, the results of this study present several policy directions for both Islamic and conventional institution managers for both developed and developing countries. Both Islamic and conventional MFIs managers should focus on financial performance to achieve sustainable development goals. The managers should realize that in the case of increasing the institution's size, financial performance can be improved, but it also creates commercialization, making the main objective of serving the poorest customers difficult. This study also gives directions to the government, central bodies, and other regulatory authorities to develop policies for improving the financial performance of both Islamic and conventional microfinance institutions to achieve sustainable development goals. This study has taken two indicators of financial performance that are extensively discussed in the literature. For future studies, other financial performance indicators can be included in the study.

This special issue of JEBO is motivated by the desire to advance research, especially empirical research, in the field of Islamic finance. The Islamic finance industry, albeit relatively small, is growing at a very rapid rate, almost 20%, which is believed to be double the growth rate of the conventional finance industry. The number of financial institutions reporting shariah-compliant1 assets and the number of shariah-compliant mutual funds reached 349 and 800, respectively, in 2013 (The Banker, 2013). Islamic finance assets are predicted to exceed the $2 trillion in 2014 (Ernst and Young, 2013). However, research in this field is still lagging behind, which is reflected by the limited number of papers published on Islamic finance in the top ranking journals. This creates a serious motivational problem for pursuing research in this nascent field, which should be guided, developed and criticized by pioneering research. Driven by such desire, we organized a conference in the fall of 2012, entitled “JEBO Islamic Finance Conference” that was sponsored by El Shaarani Centre for Islamic Business and Finance, at Aston Business School, UK and Durham Business School, UK. The objective of the conference was to offer a venue for analytical and empirical research in Islamic finance. This special issue, which is the first to be entirely dedicated to Islamic finance, crowns such efforts. The papers selected for this issue include a number of empirical and theoretical techniques illustrating the broad range of research questions that can be addressed by these methods.

This special issue of JEBO is motivated by the desire to advance research, especially empirical research, in the field of Islamic finance. The Islamic finance industry, albeit relatively small, is growing at a very rapid rate, almost 20%, which is believed to be double the growth rate of the conventional finance industry. The number of financial institutions reporting shariah-compliant1 assets and the number of shariah-compliant mutual funds reached 349 and 800, respectively, in 2013 (The Banker, 2013). Islamic finance assets are predicted to exceed the $2 trillion in 2014 (Ernst and Young, 2013). However, research in this field is still lagging behind, which is reflected by the limited number of papers published on Islamic finance in the top ranking journals. This creates a serious motivational problem for pursuing research in this nascent field, which should be guided, developed and criticized by pioneering research. Driven by such desire, we organized a conference in the fall of 2012, entitled “JEBO Islamic Finance Conference” that was sponsored by El Shaarani Centre for Islamic Business and Finance, at Aston Business School, UK and Durham Business School, UK. The objective of the conference was to offer a venue for analytical and empirical research in Islamic finance. This special issue, which is the first to be entirely dedicated to Islamic finance, crowns such efforts. The papers selected for this issue include a number of empirical and theoretical techniques illustrating the broad range of research questions that can be addressed by these methods.

This study aims to develop and propose an Islamic microfinance model that can be used for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Other than investigating poverty, other interrelated aspects were also considered in which entrepreneurship, conventional microfinance, and Islamic finance were included. Moreover, by moving beyond and further exploring, this research presents various uses of Islamic microfinance to reduce poverty. A set of primary data was collected through interviews to carry out this research. Initial findings of the study unveil that poverty exists concerning common perceptions such as lack of necessities, unemployment, poor health, and insufficient financial resources. However, child selling, unethical ways of earning such as begging, robbery, and incompetency of the skilled person were the findings representing poverty from totally different perspectives. Moreover, the studied results also reveal that few respondents were aware of the concept and use of conventional microfinance. Still, at the same time, all the respondents represented the forbiddance of interest. Findings also represent the unawareness about Islamic microfinance's concepts, practice, and importance. This research is helpful as it presents the idea and the use of Islamic microfinance for the impoverished people of Pakistan and how it can be a beneficial alternative for reducing poverty. Moreover, it also seeks the attention from the financial institutions in the Country that how the beliefs and expectations of poor people are important in reducing their poverty. The significance of this study broadens the scope of the neglected concept of Islamic finance generally and Islamic microfinance particularly.

This study aims to develop and propose an Islamic microfinance model that can be used for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Other than investigating poverty, other interrelated aspects were also considered in which entrepreneurship, conventional microfinance, and Islamic finance were included. Moreover, by moving beyond and further exploring, this research presents various uses of Islamic microfinance to reduce poverty. A set of primary data was collected through interviews to carry out this research. Initial findings of the study unveil that poverty exists concerning common perceptions such as lack of necessities, unemployment, poor health, and insufficient financial resources. However, child selling, unethical ways of earning such as begging, robbery, and incompetency of the skilled person were the findings representing poverty from totally different perspectives. Moreover, the studied results also reveal that few respondents were aware of the concept and use of conventional microfinance. Still, at the same time, all the respondents represented the forbiddance of interest. Findings also represent the unawareness about Islamic microfinance's concepts, practice, and importance. This research is helpful as it presents the idea and the use of Islamic microfinance for the impoverished people of Pakistan and how it can be a beneficial alternative for reducing poverty. Moreover, it also seeks the attention from the financial institutions in the Country that how the beliefs and expectations of poor people are important in reducing their poverty. The significance of this study broadens the scope of the neglected concept of Islamic finance generally and Islamic microfinance particularly.

This study aims to develop and propose an Islamic microfinance model that can be used for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Other than investigating poverty, other interrelated aspects were also considered in which entrepreneurship, conventional microfinance, and Islamic finance were included. Moreover, by moving beyond and further exploring, this research presents various uses of Islamic microfinance to reduce poverty. A set of primary data was collected through interviews to carry out this research. Initial findings of the study unveil that poverty exists concerning common perceptions such as lack of necessities, unemployment, poor health, and insufficient financial resources. However, child selling, unethical ways of earning such as begging, robbery, and incompetency of the skilled person were the findings representing poverty from totally different perspectives. Moreover, the studied results also reveal that few respondents were aware of the concept and use of conventional microfinance. Still, at the same time, all the respondents represented the forbiddance of interest. Findings also represent the unawareness about Islamic microfinance's concepts, practice, and importance. This research is helpful as it presents the idea and the use of Islamic microfinance for the impoverished people of Pakistan and how it can be a beneficial alternative for reducing poverty. Moreover, it also seeks the attention from the financial institutions in the Country that how the beliefs and expectations of poor people are important in reducing their poverty. The significance of this study broadens the scope of the neglected concept of Islamic finance generally and Islamic microfinance particularly.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate and compare the awareness and perceptions of Islamic microfinance institutions and higher education institutions in Indonesia related to implementing Sharia Governance. Theoretical framework: Academic and professional institutions can play an important role in promoting awareness and knowledge of Islamic banking and finance. Design/methodology/approach: This study involved two criteria for a sample of respondents: standards from Islamic microfinance institutions, which include Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) also known as Islamic Microfinance Institutions and Badan Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) known as Sharia Smallholder Financing Banks in DKI Jakarta province, as well as university students. Descriptive analysis using Likert scale-based questions was used in reviewing evaluations related to this study. The dyad perspective, which includes the view of microfinance institutions and higher education institutions, is needed in research to find out and compare awareness and perceptions between the two research objects related to knowledge about Sharia Governance. Findings: Based on the studies that have been carried out, it can be concluded that there is still a lack of knowledge, information, and insight from students related to the implementation of Sharia governance compared to Microfinance Institutions. Research, Practical & Social implications: We suggest for students to increase the information gap between students. Universities can also review the curriculum related to special courses that explain sharia governance. Originality/value: The research focusing on the dyadic perspectives of the implementation of shariah governance according to Islamic Microfinance Institutions and Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia., Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar a conscientização e as percepções de instituições de microfinanças islâmicas e instituições de ensino superior na Indonésia relacionadas à implementação da Governança da Sharia. Referencial teórico: Instituições acadêmicas e profissionais podem desempenhar um papel importante na promoção da conscientização e do conhecimento dos bancos e das finanças islâmicas. Desenho/metodologia/abordagem: Este estudo envolveu dois critérios para uma amostra de entrevistados: padrões de instituições de microfinanças islâmicas, que incluem Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) também conhecido como Instituições de Microfinanças Islâmicas e Badan Pembiyaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS) conhecido como Sharia Smallholder Financing Banks na província de DKI Jacarta , bem como estudantes universitários. A análise descritiva por meio de questões baseadas em escala Likert foi utilizada na revisão das avaliações relacionadas a este estudo. A perspectiva da díade, que inclui a visão de instituições de microfinanças e instituições de ensino superior, é necessária na pesquisa para descobrir e comparar a consciência e as percepções entre os dois objetos de pesquisa relacionados ao conhecimento sobre a Governança da Sharia. Resultados: Com base nos estudos que foram realizados, pode-se concluir que ainda há falta de conhecimento, informação e percepção dos alunos relacionados à implementação da governança da Sharia em comparação com as Instituições de Microfinanças. Pesquisa, implicações práticas e sociais: Sugerimos que os alunos aumentem a lacuna de informações entre os alunos. As universidades também podem revisar o currículo relacionado a cursos especiais que explicam a governança da sharia. Originalidade/valor: A pesquisa com foco nas perspectivas diádicas da implementação da governança da sharia de acordo com as Instituições Islâmicas de Microfinanças e Instituições de Ensino Superior na Indonésia., Propósito: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar y comparar la conciencia y las percepciones de las instituciones islámicas de microfinanzas y las instituciones de educación superior en Indonesia en relación con la implementación de la Gobernanza de la Sharia. Metodología: Este estudio involucró dos criterios para una muestra de encuestados: estándares de instituciones microfinancieras islámicas, que incluyen Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT), también conocido como instituciones microfinancieras islámicas, y Badan Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS), conocido como Sharia Smallholder Financing Banks en la provincia de DKI Yakarta. , así como estudiantes universitarios. Se utilizó un análisis descriptivo utilizando preguntas basadas en una escala de Likert para revisar las evaluaciones relacionadas con este estudio. La perspectiva de la díada, que incluye la visión de las instituciones de microfinanzas y las instituciones de educación superior, es necesaria en la investigación para descubrir y comparar la conciencia y las percepciones entre los dos objetos de investigación relacionados con el conocimiento sobre la Gobernanza de la Sharia. Conclusiones: Sobre la base de los estudios que se han llevado a cabo, se puede concluir que todavía hay una falta de conocimiento, información y comprensión de los estudiantes relacionados con la implementación de la gobernabilidad de la Sharia en comparación con las instituciones de microfinanzas.. Implicaciones de la Investigación: Sugerimos que los estudiantes aumenten la brecha de información entre los estudiantes. Las universidades también pueden revisar el plan de estudios relacionado con cursos especiales que explican la gobernanza de la sharia.

This special issue of JEBO is motivated by the desire to advance research, especially empirical research, in the field of Islamic finance. The Islamic finance industry, albeit relatively small, is growing at a very rapid rate, almost 20%, which is believed to be double the growth rate of the conventional finance industry. The number of financial institutions reporting shariah-compliant1 assets and the number of shariah-compliant mutual funds reached 349 and 800, respectively, in 2013 (The Banker, 2013). Islamic finance assets are predicted to exceed the $2 trillion in 2014 (Ernst and Young, 2013). However, research in this field is still lagging behind, which is reflected by the limited number of papers published on Islamic finance in the top ranking journals. This creates a serious motivational problem for pursuing research in this nascent field, which should be guided, developed and criticized by pioneering research. Driven by such desire, we organized a conference in the fall of 2012, entitled “JEBO Islamic Finance Conference” that was sponsored by El Shaarani Centre for Islamic Business and Finance, at Aston Business School, UK and Durham Business School, UK. The objective of the conference was to offer a venue for analytical and empirical research in Islamic finance. This special issue, which is the first to be entirely dedicated to Islamic finance, crowns such efforts. The papers selected for this issue include a number of empirical and theoretical techniques illustrating the broad range of research questions that can be addressed by these methods.

This special issue of JEBO is motivated by the desire to advance research, especially empirical research, in the field of Islamic finance. The Islamic finance industry, albeit relatively small, is growing at a very rapid rate, almost 20%, which is believed to be double the growth rate of the conventional finance industry. The number of financial institutions reporting shariah-compliant1 assets and the number of shariah-compliant mutual funds reached 349 and 800, respectively, in 2013 (The Banker, 2013). Islamic finance assets are predicted to exceed the $2 trillion in 2014 (Ernst and Young, 2013). However, research in this field is still lagging behind, which is reflected by the limited number of papers published on Islamic finance in the top ranking journals. This creates a serious motivational problem for pursuing research in this nascent field, which should be guided, developed and criticized by pioneering research. Driven by such desire, we organized a conference in the fall of 2012, entitled “JEBO Islamic Finance Conference” that was sponsored by El Shaarani Centre for Islamic Business and Finance, at Aston Business School, UK and Durham Business School, UK. The objective of the conference was to offer a venue for analytical and empirical research in Islamic finance. This special issue, which is the first to be entirely dedicated to Islamic finance, crowns such efforts. The papers selected for this issue include a number of empirical and theoretical techniques illustrating the broad range of research questions that can be addressed by these methods.

This study aims to develop and propose an Islamic microfinance model that can be used for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Other than investigating poverty, other interrelated aspects were also considered in which entrepreneurship, conventional microfinance, and Islamic finance were included. Moreover, by moving beyond and further exploring, this research presents various uses of Islamic microfinance to reduce poverty. A set of primary data was collected through interviews to carry out this research. Initial findings of the study unveil that poverty exists concerning common perceptions such as lack of necessities, unemployment, poor health, and insufficient financial resources. However, child selling, unethical ways of earning such as begging, robbery, and incompetency of the skilled person were the findings representing poverty from totally different perspectives. Moreover, the studied results also reveal that few respondents were aware of the concept and use of conventional microfinance. Still, at the same time, all the respondents represented the forbiddance of interest. Findings also represent the unawareness about Islamic microfinance's concepts, practice, and importance. This research is helpful as it presents the idea and the use of Islamic microfinance for the impoverished people of Pakistan and how it can be a beneficial alternative for reducing poverty. Moreover, it also seeks the attention from the financial institutions in the Country that how the beliefs and expectations of poor people are important in reducing their poverty. The significance of this study broadens the scope of the neglected concept of Islamic finance generally and Islamic microfinance particularly.

This study aims to develop and propose an Islamic microfinance model that can be used for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Other than investigating poverty, other interrelated aspects were also considered in which entrepreneurship, conventional microfinance, and Islamic finance were included. Moreover, by moving beyond and further exploring, this research presents various uses of Islamic microfinance to reduce poverty. A set of primary data was collected through interviews to carry out this research. Initial findings of the study unveil that poverty exists concerning common perceptions such as lack of necessities, unemployment, poor health, and insufficient financial resources. However, child selling, unethical ways of earning such as begging, robbery, and incompetency of the skilled person were the findings representing poverty from totally different perspectives. Moreover, the studied results also reveal that few respondents were aware of the concept and use of conventional microfinance. Still, at the same time, all the respondents represented the forbiddance of interest. Findings also represent the unawareness about Islamic microfinance's concepts, practice, and importance. This research is helpful as it presents the idea and the use of Islamic microfinance for the impoverished people of Pakistan and how it can be a beneficial alternative for reducing poverty. Moreover, it also seeks the attention from the financial institutions in the Country that how the beliefs and expectations of poor people are important in reducing their poverty. The significance of this study broadens the scope of the neglected concept of Islamic finance generally and Islamic microfinance particularly.

This study aims to develop and propose an Islamic microfinance model that can be used for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. Other than investigating poverty, other interrelated aspects were also considered in which entrepreneurship, conventional microfinance, and Islamic finance were included. Moreover, by moving beyond and further exploring, this research presents various uses of Islamic microfinance to reduce poverty. A set of primary data was collected through interviews to carry out this research. Initial findings of the study unveil that poverty exists concerning common perceptions such as lack of necessities, unemployment, poor health, and insufficient financial resources. However, child selling, unethical ways of earning such as begging, robbery, and incompetency of the skilled person were the findings representing poverty from totally different perspectives. Moreover, the studied results also reveal that few respondents were aware of the concept and use of conventional microfinance. Still, at the same time, all the respondents represented the forbiddance of interest. Findings also represent the unawareness about Islamic microfinance's concepts, practice, and importance. This research is helpful as it presents the idea and the use of Islamic microfinance for the impoverished people of Pakistan and how it can be a beneficial alternative for reducing poverty. Moreover, it also seeks the attention from the financial institutions in the Country that how the beliefs and expectations of poor people are important in reducing their poverty. The significance of this study broadens the scope of the neglected concept of Islamic finance generally and Islamic microfinance particularly.

Résumé L’entrepreneuriat social est considéré comme étant une initiative privée visant l’intérêt collectif, adoptant une approche entrepreneuriale pour satisfaire des objectifs économiques et sociaux, sans chercher un profit maximal, et dans une logique de respect de l’éthique et des croyances. Cela coïncide avec les principaux objectifs de l’Islam. Ainsi, l’entrepreneuriat social et la microfinance islamique, en tant que composante de l’écosystème de la finance islamique, essayent de résoudre les mêmes problématiques et partagent les mêmes motivations. L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, de démonter la contribution de la microfinance islamique, en tant que moyen de financement alternatif et innovant, dans la résolution des problèmes et des contraintes de financement de l’entrepreneuriat social, et d’autre part, d’identifier les facteurs qui peuvent influencer l’adoption des instruments de financement de la microfinance islamique par les entrepreneurs sociaux, et cela à travers un examen de 20 article publiés entre 2012 et 2021, dont 11 articles traitant le cas du Maroc. Les principaux facteurs d’adoption des instruments de financement islamique identifiés dans le contexte marocain sont le coût, le facteur religieux, la connaissance et la compréhension des principes et des instruments de financement islamique, l’influence sociale, l’attitude envers ces instruments, la complexité perçue et le risque perçu. Mots clés : Entrepreneuriat social, Adoption, Finance islamique, Microfinance islamique, Financement.   Abstract Social entrepreneurship is considered as a private initiative aiming at the collective interest, adopting an entrepreneurial approach to satisfy economic and social objectives, without seeking maximum profit, and in logic of respect for ethics and beliefs. This coincides with the main objectives of Islam. Thus, social entrepreneurship and Islamic microfinance, as parts of the Islamic finance ecosystem, attempt to solve the same prob

Résumé L’entrepreneuriat social est considéré comme étant une initiative privée visant l’intérêt collectif, adoptant une approche entrepreneuriale pour satisfaire des objectifs économiques et sociaux, sans chercher un profit maximal, et dans une logique de respect de l’éthique et des croyances. Cela coïncide avec les principaux objectifs de l’Islam. Ainsi, l’entrepreneuriat social et la microfinance islamique, en tant que composante de l’écosystème de la finance islamique, essayent de résoudre les mêmes problématiques et partagent les mêmes motivations. L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, de démonter la contribution de la microfinance islamique, en tant que moyen de financement alternatif et innovant, dans la résolution des problèmes et des contraintes de financement de l’entrepreneuriat social, et d’autre part, d’identifier les facteurs qui peuvent influencer l’adoption des instruments de financement de la microfinance islamique par les entrepreneurs sociaux, et cela à travers un examen de 20 article publiés entre 2012 et 2021, dont 11 articles traitant le cas du Maroc. Les principaux facteurs d’adoption des instruments de financement islamique identifiés dans le contexte marocain sont le coût, le facteur religieux, la connaissance et la compréhension des principes et des instruments de financement islamique, l’influence sociale, l’attitude envers ces instruments, la complexité perçue et le risque perçu. Mots clés : Entrepreneuriat social, Adoption, Finance islamique, Microfinance islamique, Financement.   Abstract Social entrepreneurship is considered as a private initiative aiming at the collective interest, adopting an entrepreneurial approach to satisfy economic and social objectives, without seeking maximum profit, and in logic of respect for ethics and beliefs. This coincides with the main objectives of Islam. Thus, social entrepreneurship and Islamic microfinance, as parts of the Islamic finance ecosystem, attempt to solve the same prob

Purpose: In the contemporary era, women are playing a vital role in changing the global economy as entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers, yet they encounter many problems and obstacles in the development of entrepreneurship. This study aim is to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on women entrepreneurship performance: mediating role of social capital and moderating role of opportunity for social interaction in South Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach:  Data were collected from 183 women entrepreneurs, who were using Islamic microfinance, through the convenience sampling technique. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data. Findings: This study results indicate that microfinance had a negative relationship with women's entrepreneurship performance. However, when Islamic microfinance led to the formation of social capital among women that eventually caused the women entrepreneurship performance. Moreover, the extent to which microfinance provisions affected the social capital of clients was dependent upon the microfinance providers facilitated social interaction among clients. . Implications/Originality/Value: This paper will give benefit to academics in preparing a plan for future research. Moreover, findings will also assist policymakers and IMFIs to set out microfinance initiatives that will improve the betterment of clients and will maximize their enterprising results.

Purpose: In the contemporary era, women are playing a vital role in changing the global economy as entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers, yet they encounter many problems and obstacles in the development of entrepreneurship. This study aim is to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on women entrepreneurship performance: mediating role of social capital and moderating role of opportunity for social interaction in South Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach:  Data were collected from 183 women entrepreneurs, who were using Islamic microfinance, through the convenience sampling technique. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data. Findings: This study results indicate that microfinance had a negative relationship with women's entrepreneurship performance. However, when Islamic microfinance led to the formation of social capital among women that eventually caused the women entrepreneurship performance. Moreover, the extent to which microfinance provisions affected the social capital of clients was dependent upon the microfinance providers facilitated social interaction among clients. . Implications/Originality/Value: This paper will give benefit to academics in preparing a plan for future research. Moreover, findings will also assist policymakers and IMFIs to set out microfinance initiatives that will improve the betterment of clients and will maximize their enterprising results.

Purpose: Microfinance institutions impose a very high interest rate only to enhance the wealth of owner of the institution and stockholders. However, Islamic microfinance is the opposite of traditional microfinance; it is a form of interest-free financing dedicated to societal well-being. The research's primary objectives are to identify public knowledge of Shariah-based microfinance and ascertain the factors that contribute to the acceptance of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study investigated the significance of shariah-based microfinance in Pakistan, which is based on the Islamic financial system, and used a quantitative descriptive technique to estimate the factors. Findings: There are several factors that give to the acceptability of Islamic banking. The most important variables are: cost-benefit analysis, business support, product and service quality, religious obligation, awareness and knowledge, trust and reputation. After an examination of all the acceptability factors, it was found that each factor has an effect on the acceptability of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Implications: The study has various implications for policymakers wishing to promote Islamic microfinance at the national and international level.

This study aims to determine the development of Islamic microfinance research trends published by leading journals on Islamic economics and finance. The data analyzed consisted of 441 indexed research publications. The data is then processed and analyzed using the R Bibliometric application to find out the bibliometric map of the development of Islamic economics and finance on Islamic microfinance. The results showed that the number of publications on the development of Islamic economic and financial research had increased significantly. Then, most types of documents that analyze Islamic microfinance are journaled articles. The most popular author is Kassim S, and the most popular keywords are Islamic, microfinance, institution, and Indonesia. The trend analysis shows that Islamic microfinance institutions needs to play a more social role, especially to help reduce poverty.

Purpose: In the contemporary era, women are playing a vital role in changing the global economy as entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers, yet they encounter many problems and obstacles in the development of entrepreneurship. This study aim is to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on women entrepreneurship performance: mediating role of social capital and moderating role of opportunity for social interaction in South Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach:  Data were collected from 183 women entrepreneurs, who were using Islamic microfinance, through the convenience sampling technique. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data. Findings: This study results indicate that microfinance had a negative relationship with women's entrepreneurship performance. However, when Islamic microfinance led to the formation of social capital among women that eventually caused the women entrepreneurship performance. Moreover, the extent to which microfinance provisions affected the social capital of clients was dependent upon the microfinance providers facilitated social interaction among clients. . Implications/Originality/Value: This paper will give benefit to academics in preparing a plan for future research. Moreover, findings will also assist policymakers and IMFIs to set out microfinance initiatives that will improve the betterment of clients and will maximize their enterprising results.

Purpose: Microfinance institutions impose a very high interest rate only to enhance the wealth of owner of the institution and stockholders. However, Islamic microfinance is the opposite of traditional microfinance; it is a form of interest-free financing dedicated to societal well-being. The research's primary objectives are to identify public knowledge of Shariah-based microfinance and ascertain the factors that contribute to the acceptance of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study investigated the significance of shariah-based microfinance in Pakistan, which is based on the Islamic financial system, and used a quantitative descriptive technique to estimate the factors. Findings: There are several factors that give to the acceptability of Islamic banking. The most important variables are: cost-benefit analysis, business support, product and service quality, religious obligation, awareness and knowledge, trust and reputation. After an examination of all the acceptability factors, it was found that each factor has an effect on the acceptability of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Implications: The study has various implications for policymakers wishing to promote Islamic microfinance at the national and international level.

Purpose: In the contemporary era, women are playing a vital role in changing the global economy as entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers, yet they encounter many problems and obstacles in the development of entrepreneurship. This study aim is to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on women entrepreneurship performance: mediating role of social capital and moderating role of opportunity for social interaction in South Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach:  Data were collected from 183 women entrepreneurs, who were using Islamic microfinance, through the convenience sampling technique. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data. Findings: This study results indicate that microfinance had a negative relationship with women's entrepreneurship performance. However, when Islamic microfinance led to the formation of social capital among women that eventually caused the women entrepreneurship performance. Moreover, the extent to which microfinance provisions affected the social capital of clients was dependent upon the microfinance providers facilitated social interaction among clients. . Implications/Originality/Value: This paper will give benefit to academics in preparing a plan for future research. Moreover, findings will also assist policymakers and IMFIs to set out microfinance initiatives that will improve the betterment of clients and will maximize their enterprising results.

Purpose: In the contemporary era, women are playing a vital role in changing the global economy as entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers, yet they encounter many problems and obstacles in the development of entrepreneurship. This study aim is to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on women entrepreneurship performance: mediating role of social capital and moderating role of opportunity for social interaction in South Punjab, Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach:  Data were collected from 183 women entrepreneurs, who were using Islamic microfinance, through the convenience sampling technique. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data. Findings: This study results indicate that microfinance had a negative relationship with women's entrepreneurship performance. However, when Islamic microfinance led to the formation of social capital among women that eventually caused the women entrepreneurship performance. Moreover, the extent to which microfinance provisions affected the social capital of clients was dependent upon the microfinance providers facilitated social interaction among clients. . Implications/Originality/Value: This paper will give benefit to academics in preparing a plan for future research. Moreover, findings will also assist policymakers and IMFIs to set out microfinance initiatives that will improve the betterment of clients and will maximize their enterprising results.

Purpose: Microfinance institutions impose a very high interest rate only to enhance the wealth of owner of the institution and stockholders. However, Islamic microfinance is the opposite of traditional microfinance; it is a form of interest-free financing dedicated to societal well-being. The research's primary objectives are to identify public knowledge of Shariah-based microfinance and ascertain the factors that contribute to the acceptance of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study investigated the significance of shariah-based microfinance in Pakistan, which is based on the Islamic financial system, and used a quantitative descriptive technique to estimate the factors. Findings: There are several factors that give to the acceptability of Islamic banking. The most important variables are: cost-benefit analysis, business support, product and service quality, religious obligation, awareness and knowledge, trust and reputation. After an examination of all the acceptability factors, it was found that each factor has an effect on the acceptability of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Implications: The study has various implications for policymakers wishing to promote Islamic microfinance at the national and international level.

Purpose: Microfinance institutions impose a very high interest rate only to enhance the wealth of owner of the institution and stockholders. However, Islamic microfinance is the opposite of traditional microfinance; it is a form of interest-free financing dedicated to societal well-being. The research's primary objectives are to identify public knowledge of Shariah-based microfinance and ascertain the factors that contribute to the acceptance of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study investigated the significance of shariah-based microfinance in Pakistan, which is based on the Islamic financial system, and used a quantitative descriptive technique to estimate the factors. Findings: There are several factors that give to the acceptability of Islamic banking. The most important variables are: cost-benefit analysis, business support, product and service quality, religious obligation, awareness and knowledge, trust and reputation. After an examination of all the acceptability factors, it was found that each factor has an effect on the acceptability of Islamic microfinance in Pakistan. Implications: The study has various implications for policymakers wishing to promote Islamic microfinance at the national and international level.

Islamic microfinance can be seen as an emerging industry in some Muslim countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and MENA regions. It acts as a movement to eradicate poverty in the society and to help improve the social standard of the poor people. The concept of Islamic microfinance is similar to those implemented in conventional microfinance except for it adheres to several points and concepts which in line with the Shariah rulings. As a growing industry, Islamic microfinance does facing several challenges such as limited outreach in the market, lack of expertise in the industry, governance and management problems, and many more. Hence, this paper will discuss further the issues and challenges faced by Islamic microfinance institutions in selected Muslim countries. Plus, some suggestions are given at the end of this paper to solve these issues.

Conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) can promote financial inclusion, but they also prompt ethical concerns regarding the social consequences of commercialization and high interest rates. Islamic MFIs, which adhere to Sharia's prohibition of riba (usually interpreted as a ban on interest), present an alternative. Differences between conventional and Islamic MFIs in terms of outreach and financial sustainability remain underexplored; no comprehensive data set details Islamic MFIs either. With new data, collected with a global survey, the authors construct a unique panel of 543 conventional and 101 Islamic MFIs, operating in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. These data suggest that the market for Islamic microfinance is more important than previously recognized, has grown in recent years, and is likely to continue growing in every region of the world. Statistical comparisons, using various estimation techniques, regarding the outreach and financial performance of Islamic and conventional MFIs also reveal that the breadth and depth of Islamic MFIs exceed those of conventional MFIs, though conventional MFIs achieve stronger financial performance. This latter result is not robust though.

In Senegal, as elsewhere in the WAEMU zone, access to credit for vulnerable micro entrepreneurs is a major concern despite the important role of traditional microfinance institutions. To effectively solve this problem, Islamic microfinance has been identified as an alternative offer, alongside conventional finance in order to give access to bank accounts to those underprivileged people that have not been sufficiently served by financial institutions. Thus, this article aims to study the advent of Islamic microfinance in Senegal. To do this, our research focuses on the history and role of the State of Senegal in the promotion of Islamic microfinance to finally present the characteristics of this new funding model for vulnerable populations often excluded from the traditional financial system.

In Senegal, as elsewhere in the WAEMU zone, access to credit for vulnerable micro entrepreneurs is a major concern despite the important role of traditional microfinance institutions. To effectively solve this problem, Islamic microfinance has been identified as an alternative offer, alongside conventional finance in order to give access to bank accounts to those underprivileged people that have not been sufficiently served by financial institutions. Thus, this article aims to study the advent of Islamic microfinance in Senegal. To do this, our research focuses on the history and role of the State of Senegal in the promotion of Islamic microfinance to finally present the characteristics of this new funding model for vulnerable populations often excluded from the traditional financial system.

In Senegal, as elsewhere in the WAEMU zone, access to credit for vulnerable micro entrepreneurs is a major concern despite the important role of traditional microfinance institutions. To effectively solve this problem, Islamic microfinance has been identified as an alternative offer, alongside conventional finance in order to give access to bank accounts to those underprivileged people that have not been sufficiently served by financial institutions. Thus, this article aims to study the advent of Islamic microfinance in Senegal. To do this, our research focuses on the history and role of the State of Senegal in the promotion of Islamic microfinance to finally present the characteristics of this new funding model for vulnerable populations often excluded from the traditional financial system.

Previous research has emphasized the importance of promoting female entrepreneurship in developing countries. Women often lack assets, financial history and are disadvantaged in acquiring wage-employment. In Tanzania, female entrepreneurs face these constraints when seeking resources for entrepreneurial purposes. Provision of microcredits has thereby been highlighted to empower women. Impact assessments of women accessing microcredits has its focus on evaluating a change in the decision-making of women. Our study focusses on combining factors affecting female entrepreneurship and achievements. Scarce literature has covered the possible empowerment of Muslim female entrepreneurs caused by microcredits in the world and in the context of Tanzania. Many Muslims do not engage in interest-based transactions. Instead, they use the products of Islamic microfinance institutions, who refrain from using interest-based credits. Our study, therefore, aims to explore the possible empowerment of Muslim female entrepreneurs, comparing female entrepreneurs who use microcredits provided by conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) and Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs). Our study points out in line with previous research that microcredits empower Muslim female entrepreneurs in Tanzania. The study highlights that Muslim female entrepreneurs in Tanzania prefer non-interest-based microcredits over interest-based microcredits, as they are in accordance with their faith.

In Senegal, as elsewhere in the WAEMU zone, access to credit for vulnerable micro entrepreneurs is a major concern despite the important role of traditional microfinance institutions. To effectively solve this problem, Islamic microfinance has been identified as an alternative offer, alongside conventional finance in order to give access to bank accounts to those underprivileged people that have not been sufficiently served by financial institutions. Thus, this article aims to study the advent of Islamic microfinance in Senegal. To do this, our research focuses on the history and role of the State of Senegal in the promotion of Islamic microfinance to finally present the characteristics of this new funding model for vulnerable populations often excluded from the traditional financial system.

In Senegal, as elsewhere in the WAEMU zone, access to credit for vulnerable micro entrepreneurs is a major concern despite the important role of traditional microfinance institutions. To effectively solve this problem, Islamic microfinance has been identified as an alternative offer, alongside conventional finance in order to give access to bank accounts to those underprivileged people that have not been sufficiently served by financial institutions. Thus, this article aims to study the advent of Islamic microfinance in Senegal. To do this, our research focuses on the history and role of the State of Senegal in the promotion of Islamic microfinance to finally present the characteristics of this new funding model for vulnerable populations often excluded from the traditional financial system.

Previous research has emphasized the importance of promoting female entrepreneurship in developing countries. Women often lack assets, financial history and are disadvantaged in acquiring wage-employment. In Tanzania, female entrepreneurs face these constraints when seeking resources for entrepreneurial purposes. Provision of microcredits has thereby been highlighted to empower women. Impact assessments of women accessing microcredits has its focus on evaluating a change in the decision-making of women. Our study focusses on combining factors affecting female entrepreneurship and achievements. Scarce literature has covered the possible empowerment of Muslim female entrepreneurs caused by microcredits in the world and in the context of Tanzania. Many Muslims do not engage in interest-based transactions. Instead, they use the products of Islamic microfinance institutions, who refrain from using interest-based credits. Our study, therefore, aims to explore the possible empowerment of Muslim female entrepreneurs, comparing female entrepreneurs who use microcredits provided by conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) and Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs). Our study points out in line with previous research that microcredits empower Muslim female entrepreneurs in Tanzania. The study highlights that Muslim female entrepreneurs in Tanzania prefer non-interest-based microcredits over interest-based microcredits, as they are in accordance with their faith.

The affordability of the microfinance, Islamic and conventional, is questionable. The review of empirical studies thus far shows that the majority of them are expensive and only some of them are cheap and successful. Only those, which have less cost, can afford to make microfinance cheap and hence not only affordable but also have the prospect of assisting the poor, effectively releasing them from their cycle of poverty. To make an Islamic microfinance programme cheaper, alternatives are found in the literature, and the manner in which the costs of Islamic microfinance schemes through offer of sustained grants and subsidy for the cost of capital and operational costs is proposed. Zakat and sadaqah funds are proposed for grants and subsidy while awqaf funds are proposed for loans and investment in microenterprises. Keywords: Islamic microfinance, zakat, waqf, cost, affordability

The affordability of the microfinance, Islamic and conventional, is questionable. The review of empirical studies thus far shows that the majority of them are expensive and only some of them are cheap and successful. Only those, which have less cost, can afford to make microfinance cheap and hence not only affordable but also have the prospect of assisting the poor, effectively releasing them from their cycle of poverty. To make an Islamic microfinance programme cheaper, alternatives are found in the literature, and the manner in which the costs of Islamic microfinance schemes through offer of sustained grants and subsidy for the cost of capital and operational costs is proposed. Zakat and sadaqah funds are proposed for grants and subsidy while awqaf funds are proposed for loans and investment in microenterprises. Keywords: Islamic microfinance, zakat, waqf, cost, affordability

The affordability of the microfinance, Islamic and conventional, is questionable. The review of empirical studies thus far shows that the majority of them are expensive and only some of them are cheap and successful. Only those, which have less cost, can afford to make microfinance cheap and hence not only affordable but also have the prospect of assisting the poor, effectively releasing them from their cycle of poverty. To make an Islamic microfinance programme cheaper, alternatives are found in the literature, and the manner in which the costs of Islamic microfinance schemes through offer of sustained grants and subsidy for the cost of capital and operational costs is proposed. Zakat and sadaqah funds are proposed for grants and subsidy while awqaf funds are proposed for loans and investment in microenterprises. Keywords: Islamic microfinance, zakat, waqf, cost, affordability

Islamic banks have very much engaged in debt financing businesses the same way and as much as their conventional counterparts do. Debt financing businesses, as widely implemented, were specifically targeted for and tailored to the needs of middle and upper income group of people. The low income people remain left out and forgotten in most banking businesses while microfinance instruments, which are meant to help the poor and needy, remain unpopular among the banking institutions. There is indeed increasing calls for Islamic banks to seriously consider this type of instrument as part of their religious obligation embedded under their Islamic identity. This paper demonstrated that microfinance instruments are viable for Islamic banks to consider despite the claims that the contracts are less secured and hence, too risky to embark in. A number of microfinance instruments based on Islamic concepts namely Musyarakah, Murabahah, Mudharabah, Ijarah and Qard al-Hassan as well as operational frameworks such as SPV and wakalah, were being proposed and discussed to pave ways for its implementation by the Islamic banks.

Purpose: Our main purpose is to carry out a research on combining microfinance with entrepreneurship for poverty alleviation, empowerment of poor and sustainable development. Target group: Students, researchers in Microfinance field, MFI’s, NGO’s and Governmental structures. Research Question: How do micro entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and microfinance serve as a combined tool to reduce poverty, empower people, and contribute to sustainable development in Pakistan? Approach: We used qualitative approach for research. The data have been collected through interviews which held as structured and unstructured, and as secondary sources web page of the organization, statistics of Pakistan and Book of organization have also been consulted. Delimitations: Due to distance problem between Pakistan and Sweden and, it was difficult to organize interviews at large scale from borrowers and this can reflect limited information about micro entrepreneurship. It is worthy to say here that Islamic microfinance is quite new practice and very limited data was available. With this, we mainly emphasized on microfinance and entrepreneurship as a combined tool, therefore, there is not enough discussion on Islamic microfinance. But we try to elaborate a complete picture of Islamic microfinance. Originality/value: This paper emphasizes on both Microfinance and Entrepreneurship, as case study we choose Akhuwat organization which started to give loans to poor people without interest. Also we focused on Social Entrepreneurship side of organization which challenges to other MFI’s with innovative type of loaning. Research will give a vision to Akhuwat and other micro financing organization that how they can develop activities more successfully. Future implications: During our research we investigate that there is need to carry out more research on lending methods other than solidarity group. The other area is micro entrepreneurship that needs to be more investigated by researcher becau

Purpose: Our main purpose is to carry out a research on combining microfinance with entrepreneurship for poverty alleviation, empowerment of poor and sustainable development. Target group: Students, researchers in Microfinance field, MFI’s, NGO’s and Governmental structures. Research Question: How do micro entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and microfinance serve as a combined tool to reduce poverty, empower people, and contribute to sustainable development in Pakistan? Approach: We used qualitative approach for research. The data have been collected through interviews which held as structured and unstructured, and as secondary sources web page of the organization, statistics of Pakistan and Book of organization have also been consulted. Delimitations: Due to distance problem between Pakistan and Sweden and, it was difficult to organize interviews at large scale from borrowers and this can reflect limited information about micro entrepreneurship. It is worthy to say here that Islamic microfinance is quite new practice and very limited data was available. With this, we mainly emphasized on microfinance and entrepreneurship as a combined tool, therefore, there is not enough discussion on Islamic microfinance. But we try to elaborate a complete picture of Islamic microfinance. Originality/value: This paper emphasizes on both Microfinance and Entrepreneurship, as case study we choose Akhuwat organization which started to give loans to poor people without interest. Also we focused on Social Entrepreneurship side of organization which challenges to other MFI’s with innovative type of loaning. Research will give a vision to Akhuwat and other micro financing organization that how they can develop activities more successfully. Future implications: During our research we investigate that there is need to carry out more research on lending methods other than solidarity group. The other area is micro entrepreneurship that needs to be more investigated by researcher becau