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Inkjet printing is a more sustainable and scalable fabrication method than spin coating for producing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although spin-coated SnO2 has been intensively studied as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs, inkjet-printed SnO(2 )ETLs have not been widely reported. Here, we fabricated inkjet-printed, solution-processed SnOx ETLs for planar PSCs. A champion efficiency of 17.55% was achieved for the cell using a low-temperature processed SnOx ETL. The low-temperature SnOx exhibited an amorphous structure and outperformed high-temperature crystalline SnO2. The improved performance was attributed to enhanced charge extraction and transport and suppressed charge recombination at ETL/perovskite interfaces, which originated from enhanced electrical and optical properties of SnOx, improved perovskite film quality, and well-matched energy level alignment between the SnOx ETL and the perovskite layer. Furthermore, SnOx was doped with Cu. Cu doping increased surface oxygen defects and upshifted energy levels of SnOx, leading to reduced device performance. A tunable hysteresis was observed for PSCs with Cu-doped SnOx ETLs, decreasing at first and turning into inverted hysteresis afterwards with increasing Cu doping level. This tunable hysteresis was related to the interplay between charge/ion accumulation and recombination at ETL/perovskite interfaces in the case of electron extraction barriers., QC 20240319

The field of pharmaceutical 3D printing is growing over the past year, with Spitam® as the first 3D printed dosage form on the market. Showing the suitability of a binder jetting process for dosage forms. Although the development of inks for pharmaceutical field is more trail and error based, focusing on the Z-number as key parameter to judge the printability of an ink. To generate a more knowledgeable based ink development an approach from electronics printing was transferred to the field of pharmaceutical binder jetting. Therefore, a dimensionless space was used to investigate the limits of printability for the used Spectra S Class SL-128 piezo print head using solvent based inks. The jettability of inks could now be judged based on the capillary and weber number. Addition of different polymers into the ink narrowed the printable space and showed, that the ink development purely based on Z-numbers is not suitable to predict printability. Two possible ink candidates were developed based on the droplet momentum which showed huge differences in process stability, indicating that the used polymer type and concentration has a high influence on printability and process stability. Based on the study a more knowledgeable based ink design for the field of pharmaceutical binder jetting is proposed, to shift the ink design to a more knowledgeable based and process-oriented approach.

Inkjet-printed quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are emerging as a promising technology for next-generation displays. However, the progress in fabricating QLEDs using inkjet printing technique has been slower compared to spin-coated devices, particularly in terms of efficiency and stability. The key to achieving high performance QLEDs lies in creating a highly ordered and uniform inkjet-printed quantum dot (QD) thin film. In this study, we present a highly effective strategy to significantly improve the quality of inkjet-printed CdZnSe/CdZnS/ZnS QD thin films through a pressure-assisted thermal annealing (PTA) approach. Benefiting from this PTA process, a high quality QD thin film with ordered packing, low surface roughness, high photoluminescence and excellent electrical property is obtained. The mechanism behind the PTA process and its profound impact on device performance have been thoroughly investigated and understood. Consequently, a record high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.08% with an impressive operational lifetime (T50) of up to 343,342 ​h@100 ​cd ​m−2, and a record EQE of 22.43% with T50 exceeding to 1,500,463 ​h@100 ​cd ​m−2 are achieved in inkjet-printed red and green CdZnSe-based QLEDs, respectively. This work highlights the PTA process as an important approach to realize highly efficient and stable inkjet-printed QLEDs, thus advancing QLED technology to practical applications. © 2024 The Authors

Fabrication of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is dominated by the spin coating method, which wastes most of the precursor materials and is not compatible with large-scale manufacturing of PSCs. Inkjet printing provides a solution to upscaling of the fabrication of PSCs in a low-cost, waste-free, and sustainable way. In this thesis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the inkjet technique in fabrication of functional materials for PSCs. The printing processes for depositing functional materials, i.e., electron transporting layers (ETLs), perovskite absorber layers as well as hole transporting layers (HTLs), are developed. We also strive to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices using the inkjet-printed ETLs and perovskite layers. Diverse measurements and analysis are conducted to provide insights into the enhancement mechanisms. The work undertaken in this thesis is presented as follows: The printing processes for depositing TiO2, SrTiO3, and SnO2 ETLs are developed. A cosolvent system is found to be beneficial for the formation of effective ETLs and the eventual device performance. A PCE of 17.37% is realized for the PSC device with an inkjet-printed SnO2 ETL, outperforming both the SrTiO3-based (15.73%) and TiO2-based (12.42%) devices. SnOx ETLs are synthesized and deposited via an inkjet printing process. The effects of the annealing temperature for post-processing of the deposited precursor layer on the properties of the resulting SnOx ETLs and their photovoltaic performance are discussed. The low-temperature amorphous SnOx ETLs outperform the high-temperature crystalline SnO2 ETLs, achieving a high PCE of 17.55%. Elemental doping is conducted to modify SnOx ETLs. Effects of doping on the properties of the SnOx ETLs and the ETL/perovskite interfaces are investigated in detail. Cu doping exerts a negative influence on the photovoltaic performance of SnOx ETLs. Surprisingly, a tunable hysteresis, transforming from normal hysteresis to inv, Tillverkning av laboratorieskalig pervovskita solceller (PSCs) domineras av spinnbeläggningsmetoden, vilken kasserar det mesta av prekursormaterialen och är inte kompatibel med storskalig production av PSCs. Bläckstråleutskrift tillhandahåller en lösning för att skala upp tillverkningen av PSCs till en låg kostnad, avfallsfritt, och hållbart sätt. I denna avhandling visar vi effektiviteten hos bläckstråletekniken vid tillverkning av funktionella material för PSCs. Utskriftsprocesserna utvecklas för deposition av funktionella material, dvs elektrontransponerande lager (ETLs), perovskitabsorberande lager såväl som transporterande lager (HTLs). Vi strävar också efter att förbättra effektomvandlingseffektiviteten (PCE) hos enheter som använder bläckstråletryckta ETLs och perovskitskikt. Olika mätningar och analyser genomförs för att tillhandahålla insikter i förbättringsmekanismerna. Det arbete som har vidtagits i denna avhandling framgår nedan: Tryckprocesserna för insättning av TiO2, SrTiO3, och SnO2 ETLs utvecklas. Ett samlösningsmedel har visat sig vara gynnsamt för bildandet av effektiva ETLs och den enhetens eventuella prestanda. En PCE på 17,37% realiseras för PSC-enheten med en bläckstråleuttryckt SnO2 ETL, som överträffar både de SrTiO3-baserade (15,73%) och TiO2-baserade (12,42%) enheterna. SnOx ETL syntetiseras och deponeras via en bläckstråleutskriftsprocess. Effekterna av glödgningstemperaturen för efterbearbetning av det avsatta prekursorskiktet på egenskaperna hos de resulterande SnOx ETL:erna och deras fotovoltaiska prestanda diskuteras. De låg temperatur amorfa SnOx ETL:erna överträffar de högtemperaturkristallina SnO2 ETL:erna och uppnår en hög PCE på 17,55 %. Elementär dopning utförs för att modifiera SnOx ETL. Effekter av dopning på egenskaperna hos SnOx ETL och ETL/perovskite-gränssnitten undersöks i detalj. Cu-dopning utövar ett negativt inflytande på den fotovoltaiska prestandan hos SnOx ETL. Överraskande nog observeras en avstämbar hysteres, som

Additive manufacturing of sensors and actuators together with structural materials and electronics will make it possible to fabricate innovative system designs that are overly laborious to realise with conventional methods. While printing of the structural materials and electronics are advancing fast, the additive manufacturing methods for actuators and sensors are in an earlier stage of development. This research will develop a manufacturing process for entirely inkjet printed electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators basing on the P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) relaxor ferroelectric polymer and Ag electrodes. The process consists of (1) printing an Ag layer on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate for the bottom electrode; (2) formulating, printing and annealing a P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) ink for the EAP layer; and (3) printing and sintering an Ag layer on the plasma-treated EAP surface to form the top electrode. Two actuator variations, addressed as DMC and KM512, are manufactured and characterised by their: (a) response to quasi-static excitation (1 Hz sine wave); (b) hysteresis behaviour; (c) actuation amplitude variation with the input voltage; and (d) frequency response. The 18 mm long actuators showed 91.4 µm (DMC, 200 V p p ) and 224 µm (KM512, 275 V p p ) deflections in response to 1 Hz sinusoidal excitation, and 1.10 mm (DMC, 113 Hz, 200 V p p ) and 1.72 mm (KM512, 114 Hz, 200 V p p ) deflections in resonant operation. It is 55% more quasi-static strain and 470% more resonant strain than in earlier fully inkjet-printed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) -based actuators, and comparable to similar partially inkjet-printed actuators. This is the first time that inkjet printing of all three layers of a relaxor ferroelectric actuator have been achieved., Micro and Nano Engineering

We have developed a comprehensive numerical model for the transport and drying of solutions in thin porous media that consist of permeable fibers such as paper. We explicitly account for the gas-phase transport dynamics. Moreover, we introduce an empirical relation for the concentration- and molecular-weight dependence of the pore-fiber transport rate of the solutes. These two key elements enable us for the first time to realistically model two important phenomena relevant to inkjet printing technology. The first is the equivalent of the coffee-stain effect for dilute solutions in porous media. The second is the formation of solute rings for concentrated aqueous mixtures of compounds with a molecular weight significantly above that of water. Whereas the first is governed by spatially non-uniform solvent evaporation, the second case is dominated by solvent-mediated pore-fiber transport. We achieved a good qualitative agreement with the available experimental data.

Fabrication of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is dominated by the spin coating method, which wastes most of the precursor materials and is not compatible with large-scale manufacturing of PSCs. Inkjet printing provides a solution to upscaling of the fabrication of PSCs in a low-cost, waste-free, and sustainable way. In this thesis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the inkjet technique in fabrication of functional materials for PSCs. The printing processes for depositing functional materials, i.e., electron transporting layers (ETLs), perovskite absorber layers as well as hole transporting layers (HTLs), are developed. We also strive to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices using the inkjet-printed ETLs and perovskite layers. Diverse measurements and analysis are conducted to provide insights into the enhancement mechanisms. The work undertaken in this thesis is presented as follows: The printing processes for depositing TiO2, SrTiO3, and SnO2 ETLs are developed. A cosolvent system is found to be beneficial for the formation of effective ETLs and the eventual device performance. A PCE of 17.37% is realized for the PSC device with an inkjet-printed SnO2 ETL, outperforming both the SrTiO3-based (15.73%) and TiO2-based (12.42%) devices. SnOx ETLs are synthesized and deposited via an inkjet printing process. The effects of the annealing temperature for post-processing of the deposited precursor layer on the properties of the resulting SnOx ETLs and their photovoltaic performance are discussed. The low-temperature amorphous SnOx ETLs outperform the high-temperature crystalline SnO2 ETLs, achieving a high PCE of 17.55%. Elemental doping is conducted to modify SnOx ETLs. Effects of doping on the properties of the SnOx ETLs and the ETL/perovskite interfaces are investigated in detail. Cu doping exerts a negative influence on the photovoltaic performance of SnOx ETLs. Surprisingly, a tunable hysteresis, transforming from normal hysteresis to inv, Tillverkning av laboratorieskalig pervovskita solceller (PSCs) domineras av spinnbeläggningsmetoden, vilken kasserar det mesta av prekursormaterialen och är inte kompatibel med storskalig production av PSCs. Bläckstråleutskrift tillhandahåller en lösning för att skala upp tillverkningen av PSCs till en låg kostnad, avfallsfritt, och hållbart sätt. I denna avhandling visar vi effektiviteten hos bläckstråletekniken vid tillverkning av funktionella material för PSCs. Utskriftsprocesserna utvecklas för deposition av funktionella material, dvs elektrontransponerande lager (ETLs), perovskitabsorberande lager såväl som transporterande lager (HTLs). Vi strävar också efter att förbättra effektomvandlingseffektiviteten (PCE) hos enheter som använder bläckstråletryckta ETLs och perovskitskikt. Olika mätningar och analyser genomförs för att tillhandahålla insikter i förbättringsmekanismerna. Det arbete som har vidtagits i denna avhandling framgår nedan: Tryckprocesserna för insättning av TiO2, SrTiO3, och SnO2 ETLs utvecklas. Ett samlösningsmedel har visat sig vara gynnsamt för bildandet av effektiva ETLs och den enhetens eventuella prestanda. En PCE på 17,37% realiseras för PSC-enheten med en bläckstråleuttryckt SnO2 ETL, som överträffar både de SrTiO3-baserade (15,73%) och TiO2-baserade (12,42%) enheterna. SnOx ETL syntetiseras och deponeras via en bläckstråleutskriftsprocess. Effekterna av glödgningstemperaturen för efterbearbetning av det avsatta prekursorskiktet på egenskaperna hos de resulterande SnOx ETL:erna och deras fotovoltaiska prestanda diskuteras. De låg temperatur amorfa SnOx ETL:erna överträffar de högtemperaturkristallina SnO2 ETL:erna och uppnår en hög PCE på 17,55 %. Elementär dopning utförs för att modifiera SnOx ETL. Effekter av dopning på egenskaperna hos SnOx ETL och ETL/perovskite-gränssnitten undersöks i detalj. Cu-dopning utövar ett negativt inflytande på den fotovoltaiska prestandan hos SnOx ETL. Överraskande nog observeras en avstämbar hysteres, som

The talk gives a short overview about the combination of flash lamp annealing and roll-to-roll applications including the application fields of inkjet printing with nanoparticle inks, transparent conduction oxides, and energy materials.

Currently, we observe a continuous need for innovative flexible optoelectronics that are present in smart homes, smart healthcare products and different sensors like gas or temperature sensors. All those applications require a fast and cheap fabrication process. In the last two decades, flash lamp annealing (FLA or photonic curing) has extended its scope of applications from traditional microelectronics to many other areas where thin film coatings are in use. The layer deposition by inkjet printing followed by FLA, preferably on flexible substrates, features a couple of advantages such as material savings, no need for lithographic structuring processes, a fast adaption to changing design requirements and easy possibility for up-scaling. In the case of nanoparticle-based inks, FLA has not only the task to evaporate remnants of the solvent, the binder and other additives, and to sinter the nanoparticles, but has advantageous in terms of energy and process time saving [1]. Currently, we are putting a roll-to-roll (R2R) tool combining inkjet printing and FLA into operation, and first successful tests to print nanoparticle inks containing transparent conductive oxides for optoelectronic applications (TCOs) like zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) and also metal inks like copper oxide/copper (CuO/Cu) followed by ex-situ FLA have been done. In this poster, we will report some of these first results and discuss the corresponding application cases. In addition, the extension of the palette of available materials will address further application, as we will discuss in the case of Si, which e.g. is of high interest as anode material for LIBs and electronic devices in the area of low-cost or printed electronics.

Biofilm-associated infections, which are able to resist antibiotics, pose a significant challenge in clinical treatments. Such infections have been linked to various medical conditions, including chronic wounds and implant-associated infections, making them a major public-health concern. Early-detection of biofilm formation offers significant advantages in mitigating adverse effects caused by biofilms. In this work, we aim to explore the feasibility of employing a novel wireless sensor for tracking both early-stage and matured-biofilms formed by the medically relevant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sensor utilizes electrochemical reduction of an AgCl layer bridging two silver legs made by inkjet-printing, forming a part of near-field-communication tag antenna. The antenna is interfaced with a carbon cloth designed to promote the growth of microorganisms, thereby serving as an electron source for reduction of the resistive AgCl into a highly-conductive Ag bridge. The AgCl-Ag transformation significantly alters the impedance of the antenna, facilitating wireless identification of an endpoint caused by microbial growth. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time presents the evidence showcasing that electrons released through the actions of bacteria can be harnessed to convert AgCl to Ag, thus enabling the wireless, battery-less, and chip-less early-detection of biofilm formation.

Biofilm-associated infections, which are able to resist antibiotics, pose a significant challenge in clinical treatments. Such infections have been linked to various medical conditions, including chronic wounds and implant-associated infections, making them a major public-health concern. Early-detection of biofilm formation offers significant advantages in mitigating adverse effects caused by biofilms. In this work, we aim to explore the feasibility of employing a novel wireless sensor for tracking both early-stage and matured-biofilms formed by the medically relevant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sensor utilizes electrochemical reduction of an AgCl layer bridging two silver legs made by inkjet-printing, forming a part of near-field-communication tag antenna. The antenna is interfaced with a carbon cloth designed to promote the growth of microorganisms, thereby serving as an electron source for reduction of the resistive AgCl into a highly-conductive Ag bridge. The AgCl-Ag transformation significantly alters the impedance of the antenna, facilitating wireless identification of an endpoint caused by microbial growth. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time presents the evidence showcasing that electrons released through the actions of bacteria can be harnessed to convert AgCl to Ag, thus enabling the wireless, battery-less, and chip-less early-detection of biofilm formation.

Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) is the most used conducting polymer from energy to biomedical applications. Despite its exceptional properties, there is a need for developing new materials that can improve some of its inherent limitations, e.g., biocompatibility. In this context, doping PEDOT is propose with a robust recombinant protein with tunable properties, the consensus tetratricopeptide repeated protein (CTPR). The doping consists of an oxidative polymerization, where the PEDOT chains are stabilized by the negative charges of the CTPR protein. CTPR proteins are evaluated with three different lengths (3, 10, and 20 identical CTPR units) and optimized varied synthetic conditions. These findings revealed higher doping rate and oxidized state of the PEDOT chains when doped with the smallest scaffold (CTPR3). These PEDOT:CTPR hybrids possess ionic and electronic conductivity. Notably, PEDOT:CTPR3 displayed an electronic conductivity of 0.016 S cm−1, higher than any other reported protein-doped PEDOT. This result places PEDOT:CTPR3 at the level of PEDOT-biopolymer hybrids, and brings it closer in performance to PEDOT:PSS gold standard. Furthermore, PEDOT:CTPR3 dispersion is successfully optimized for inkjet printing, preserving its electroactivity properties after printing. This approach opens the door to the use of these novel hybrids for bioelectronics.

Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe or FF) is a very promising bio-material in the future wearable electronics application due to its self-assembly into nanotubes and nanoribbons with high shear piezoelectric coefficient which is comparable to traditional inorganic piezoelectric materials. In order to efficiently harvest piezoelectric response, alignment and unidirectional polarization of FF nanotubes are required. Most prior works show that there mainly two methods to achieve the alignment and unidirectional polarization. They are epitaxial growth and meniscus-driven dipcoating. However, they still have some disadvantages like low productivity or harsh conditions. In this work, we use inkjet printing technology to develop a scalable, programmable and patterns designable process for the fabrication of FF nanotubes. Most prior works use toxic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro2-propanol (HFIP) to dissolve FF peptide. In our work, the ink only contains sustainable and ecofriendly solvent like acetic acid and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, patterns can be perfectly printed on the substrate of graphene and ethyl cellulose. The direction and length of FF nanoribbons are controllable. Aligned FF nanoribbons can be observed in the printed devices. Orthorhombic crystal structure is characterized by SEM and XRD. The piezoelectric performance of the device with aligned FF nanoribbons is much higher than the random FF based devices. The FF piezoelectric nanogenerator generates voltage, current, and power density of up to 1.49 V, 10.5 nA, and 4.4 nW/cm2, respectively, under a force of 50 N. Our results show the promising future of FFbased piezoelectric devices in self-powered and wearable electronics application., Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe eller FF) är ett mycket lovande biomaterial i den framtida bärbara elektronikapplikationen på grund av dess självmontering till nanorör och nanorband med hög piezoelektrisk koefficient som är jämförbar med traditionella oorganiska piezoelektriska material. För att effektivt skörda piezoelektrisk respons krävs inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering av FFnanorör. De flesta tidigare arbeten visar att det huvudsakligen finns två metoder för att uppnå inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering. De är epitaxiell tillväxt och menisk-driven dopp-beläggning. Men de har fortfarande vissa nackdelar som låg produktivitet eller svåra förhållanden. I detta arbete använder vi bläckstråleutskriftsteknik för att utveckla en skalbar, programmerbar och mönsterdesignbar process för tillverkning av FF-nanorör. De flesta tidigare verk använder giftigt lösningsmedel 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) för att lösa upp FF-peptid. I vårt arbete innehåller bläcket endast hållbara och miljövänliga lösningsmedel som ättiksyra och etylenglykol. I bläckstråleutskriftsprocessen kan mönster tryckas perfekt på substratet av grafen och etylcellulosa. Riktningen och längden på FF nanoband är kontrollerbara. Justerade FF-nanoband kan observeras i de utskrivna enheterna. Ortorhombisk kristallstruktur kännetecknas av SEM och XRD. Den piezoelektriska prestandan hos enheten med justerade FF-nanoband är mycket högre än de slumpmässiga FF-baserade enheterna. FF piezoelektriska nanogeneratorn genererar spänning, ström och effekttäthet på upp till 1,49 V, 10,5 nA respektive 4,4 nW/cm2 med en kraft på 50 N. Våra resultat visar den lovande framtiden för FF-baserade piezoelektriska enheter i sig själv -driven och bärbar elektronikapplikation.

Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe or FF) is a very promising bio-material in the future wearable electronics application due to its self-assembly into nanotubes and nanoribbons with high shear piezoelectric coefficient which is comparable to traditional inorganic piezoelectric materials. In order to efficiently harvest piezoelectric response, alignment and unidirectional polarization of FF nanotubes are required. Most prior works show that there mainly two methods to achieve the alignment and unidirectional polarization. They are epitaxial growth and meniscus-driven dipcoating. However, they still have some disadvantages like low productivity or harsh conditions. In this work, we use inkjet printing technology to develop a scalable, programmable and patterns designable process for the fabrication of FF nanotubes. Most prior works use toxic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro2-propanol (HFIP) to dissolve FF peptide. In our work, the ink only contains sustainable and ecofriendly solvent like acetic acid and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, patterns can be perfectly printed on the substrate of graphene and ethyl cellulose. The direction and length of FF nanoribbons are controllable. Aligned FF nanoribbons can be observed in the printed devices. Orthorhombic crystal structure is characterized by SEM and XRD. The piezoelectric performance of the device with aligned FF nanoribbons is much higher than the random FF based devices. The FF piezoelectric nanogenerator generates voltage, current, and power density of up to 1.49 V, 10.5 nA, and 4.4 nW/cm2, respectively, under a force of 50 N. Our results show the promising future of FFbased piezoelectric devices in self-powered and wearable electronics application., Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe eller FF) är ett mycket lovande biomaterial i den framtida bärbara elektronikapplikationen på grund av dess självmontering till nanorör och nanorband med hög piezoelektrisk koefficient som är jämförbar med traditionella oorganiska piezoelektriska material. För att effektivt skörda piezoelektrisk respons krävs inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering av FFnanorör. De flesta tidigare arbeten visar att det huvudsakligen finns två metoder för att uppnå inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering. De är epitaxiell tillväxt och menisk-driven dopp-beläggning. Men de har fortfarande vissa nackdelar som låg produktivitet eller svåra förhållanden. I detta arbete använder vi bläckstråleutskriftsteknik för att utveckla en skalbar, programmerbar och mönsterdesignbar process för tillverkning av FF-nanorör. De flesta tidigare verk använder giftigt lösningsmedel 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) för att lösa upp FF-peptid. I vårt arbete innehåller bläcket endast hållbara och miljövänliga lösningsmedel som ättiksyra och etylenglykol. I bläckstråleutskriftsprocessen kan mönster tryckas perfekt på substratet av grafen och etylcellulosa. Riktningen och längden på FF nanoband är kontrollerbara. Justerade FF-nanoband kan observeras i de utskrivna enheterna. Ortorhombisk kristallstruktur kännetecknas av SEM och XRD. Den piezoelektriska prestandan hos enheten med justerade FF-nanoband är mycket högre än de slumpmässiga FF-baserade enheterna. FF piezoelektriska nanogeneratorn genererar spänning, ström och effekttäthet på upp till 1,49 V, 10,5 nA respektive 4,4 nW/cm2 med en kraft på 50 N. Våra resultat visar den lovande framtiden för FF-baserade piezoelektriska enheter i sig själv -driven och bärbar elektronikapplikation.

The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious micro processing techniques. Here, we report the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process, and is used in the production of free standing, OEIPs on flexible polyimide substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve-blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; European Research Council [834677]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Vinnova

Despite a range of pain therapies available in the market, 70% of patients report so-called “breakthrough pain”. Coupled with global issues like opioid crisis, there is a clear need for advanced therapies and technologies for pain management. In this thesis we aim to develop a novel pain management therapy based on precise, fluid-flow-free delivery of anesthetic drugs directly to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) using organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs). OEIPs are devices that can transport charged drug molecules through a permselective ion exchange membrane (IEM) under an applied electric field. In this work we used primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as an in vitro PNS model system for neuropathic pain. The IEM was made up of custom synthesized hyberbranched polyglycerols (HPGs), which enabled the delivery of large aromatic anesthetic drug such as bupivacaine for the first time in an OEIP. Bupivacaine is a common local nerve blocker which if delivered to DRGs effectively blocks their neuronal activity which in turn blocks the pain signal to travel to the central nervous system (CNS) thereby blocking the sensation of pain. Two types of OEIP devices were fabricated and characterized in this context: capillary-based OEIPs with a probe-like form factor, and inkjet-printed flexible OEIPs with a potential towards implantable form factor. The results showed that both types of OEIP devices could deliver bupivacaine locally (delivery radius ~ 75 µm) to DRG neurons at concentrations close to 40000 times lower than the bulk/bolus means. The results demonstrated that OEIPs could achieve long-lasting and reversible nerve blockage without causing tissue damage or systemic side effects. These studies lay the foundation for future demonstrations of “iontronic” PNS pain relief in living/awake animals. On the other end of the spectrum, most of today’s modern communication is based upon our understanding of how electrons move through semiconductors. This allows one to m, Trots att det finns många sätt att behandla smärta hos patienter uppger 70 procent att de drabbas av smärta som kommer tillbaka efter att de tagit medicinen. Många smärtmediciner är opioider och beroendeframkallande. Därför finns ett starkt behov att utveckla en ny avancerad lösning på smärtproblemen. Vår lösning är att tillföra anestesimedel i exakt mängd och fri från vätskeflöde direkt till det yttre nervsystemet genom organiska elektroniska jonpumpar (OEIP). Dessa jonpumpar kan transportera laddade läkemedelsmolekyler genom ett permselektivt jonbytarmembran när elektriska fält används. Vi använde primära dorsalrotganglion (DRG) neuroner som ett in vitro PNS-modellsystem för neuropatisk smärta. För första gången kan vi tillföra stora aromatiska anestesimedelsmolekyler som bupivacaine genom att använda OEIP. Bupivacaine är en vanlig lokal nervblockerare som effektivt blockerar neuronal aktivitet från DRG. Därför når inte smärtsignalerna fram till centrala nervsystemet (CNS). Detta blev möjligt genom specialtillverkade hyperbranched polyglyceroler (HPG). Vi tillverkade och testade två typer av OEIP- enheter: kapillärbaserade och sondliknande samt bläckstråletryckta och flexibla OEIP-er som kan implanteras. Båda typerna kan överföra bupivacaine till DRG neuroner lokalt (leverensradie ~75 µm) och i mycket låg koncentration (40 000 gånger lägre än bulk/ bolus). Resultaten visade att OEIP åstadkom en effektiv och reversibel blockering av nerverna. Nerverna blockerades utan att vävnaden tog skada och utan systematiska biverkningar. Dessa studier är grundläggande för framtida försök att lindra PNS-smärta hos levande/vakna djur genom iontronik. I många organismer spelar överföringen av elektroner en betydelsefull roll för metaboliska processer. Syre är den slutliga elektronacceptatorn i många av desa processer (aerob andning). Emellertid finns det få bakterier som kan "andas" genom metaller eller metalloxider när de utsätts för anaeroba förhållanden. Detta kallas extrac

Microfluidic surface chemistry can enable control of capillary-driven flow without the need for bulky external instrumentation. A novel pondered nonhomogeneous coating defines regions with different wetting properties on the microchannel walls. It changes the curvature of the liquid–air meniscus at various channel cross-sections and consequently leads to different capillary pressures, which is favorable in the strive toward automatic flow control. This is accomplished by the deposition of hydrophilic coatings on the surface of multilevel 3D-printed (3DP) microfluidic devices via inkjet printing, thereby retaining the surface hydrophilicity for at least 6 months of storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of capillary flow control in 3DP microfluidics enabled by inkjet printing. The method is used to create “stop” and “delay” valves to enable preprogrammed capillary flow for sequential release of fluids. To demonstrate further utilization in point-of-care sensing applications, screen printed organic electrochemical transistors are integrated within the microfluidic chips to sense, sequentially and independently from external actions, chloride anions in the (1–100) × 10−3 m range. The results present a cost-effective fabrication method of compact, yet comprehensive, all-printed sensing platforms that allow fast ion detection (<60 s), including the capability of automatic delivery of multiple test solutions. © 2023 The Authors., Correspondence Address: P. Andersson Ersman; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Printed, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Norrköping, 60233, Sweden. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement no. 813863 (BORGES).

The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious micro processing techniques. Here, we report the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process, and is used in the production of free standing, OEIPs on flexible polyimide substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve-blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; European Research Council [834677]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Vinnova

The surge in miniaturized electronic components driven by the Internet of Things (IoT) has prompted an interest in non-traditional energy storage solutions. For these applications, reduction of size while preserving power and energy densities are of great importance. Within this context, planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) have emerged as strong candidates for energy storage. Their unique two-dimensional structure, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, high power density, and enduring stability make them highly appealing as power units for on-chip integration. However, the intricate nature of MSC fabrication remains a substantial challenge. Conventionally used indirect patterning processes, such as photolithography, are limiting the implementation of novel functional nanomaterials with high charge storing capacities. As a result, other kinds of direct patterning processes can be used to fabricate state-of-the-art MSCs. Recent studies mainly focused on improving the patterning geometry, minimizing electrode dimensions and narrowing the electrode gap to maintain high resolution of MSCs. However, these efforts were made at the expense of process scalability potential and degree of complexity of the fabrication processes. This thesis aims to develop fabrication process flows with emphasis on simplicity and versatility without sacrificing the possibility for large-scale fabrication of MSCs with high-performance. The first part of this thesis describes the implementation of highly scalable inkjet printing process for fabrication of high-performance MSCs. Typically, inkjet printing can be used to deposit thin films of materials. However, to fabricate MSCs with high-performance, the thickness is a crucial parameter that requires scaling up. The contribution of the first work is dealing with overcoming printing limitations by describing a step-like fabrication process that was developed to overcome the limitations of inkjet printing to increase the thickness of the electrode m, Ökningen av miniatyriserade elektroniska komponenter som drivs av Internet of Things (IoT) har väckt ett intresse för icke-traditionella energilagringslösningar. För dessa applikationer är det av stor betydelse att reducerad storlek inte sker på bekostnad av effekt och energitäthet. Inom detta sammanhang har plana mikrosuperkondensatorer (MSC) dykt upp som starka kandidater för energilagring. Deras unika tvådimensionella struktur, snabba laddnings- och urladdningsmöjligheter, höga effekttäthet och varaktiga stabilitet gör dem mycket tilltalande som kraftenheter för integration på chip. MSC-tillverkningens komplexa natur är dock fortfarande en stor utmaning. Konventionellt använda indirekta mönstringsprocesser, såsom fotolitografi, begränsar implementeringen av nya funktionella nanomaterial med hög kapacitet förladdningslagring. Ett resultat av det är att andra direkta mönstringsprocesser kan användas för att tillverka toppmoderna MSC:er. Nyligen genomförda studier har huvudsakligen fokuserat på att förbättra mönstringsgeometrin: minimera elektroddimensioner och minska elektrodgapet för att bibehålla hög upplösning av MSC:er. Dessa förbättringar gjordes dock på bekostnad av processens skalbarhetspotential och ökade graden av komplexitet i tillverkningsprocesserna. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla processflöden för tillverkning med betoning på enkelhet och mångsidighet, utan att offra möjligheten för storskalig tillverkning av MSC:er med hög prestanda. Den första delen av denna avhandling beskriver implementeringen av en mycket skalbar process för bläckstråleutskrift för tillverkning av högpresterande MSC:er. Vanligtvis används bläckstråleutskrift för att avsätta tunna filmer av material. För att tillverka högpresterande MSC:er är dock tjockleken en avgörande parameter som kräver uppskalning. Det första arbetet i denna avhandling beskriver en tillverkningsprocess som utvecklades för att överkomma begränsningarna med bläckstråleutskrift för att öka tjockleken, QC 20230908

We report the fabrication and characterization of solution-route CeO2 thin films with a tunable porosity and microstructure. Films were deposited by means of inkjet printing technique using 0.2 M, 0.4 M and 0.6 M concentration inks prepared from Ce(NO3)(3)center dot 6H(2)O precursor. Printing was performed at two different temperatures of 60 degrees C and 300 degrees C to study the variation in structure. Printing parameters were adjusted for the consecutive deposition of layers, resulting in approximate to 140 nm and approximate to 185 nm thick single layers for 60 degrees C and 300 degrees C printing temperatures, respectively. We compared the microstructure of printed films for different concentrations, printing temperatures, solvents and substrates. The formation of the cubic fluorite structure of the printed films was confirmed via XRD characterization. We suggest this technique as an advanced method for high-quality film fabrication with a controlled microstructure and with a minimal waste of materials. Through adjusting printing parameters, both dense and porous films can be produced for use in different applications., QC 20230320

Microfluidic surface chemistry can enable control of capillary-driven flow without the need for bulky external instrumentation. A novel pondered nonhomogeneous coating defines regions with different wetting properties on the microchannel walls. It changes the curvature of the liquid–air meniscus at various channel cross-sections and consequently leads to different capillary pressures, which is favorable in the strive toward automatic flow control. This is accomplished by the deposition of hydrophilic coatings on the surface of multilevel 3D-printed (3DP) microfluidic devices via inkjet printing, thereby retaining the surface hydrophilicity for at least 6 months of storage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of capillary flow control in 3DP microfluidics enabled by inkjet printing. The method is used to create “stop” and “delay” valves to enable preprogrammed capillary flow for sequential release of fluids. To demonstrate further utilization in point-of-care sensing applications, screen printed organic electrochemical transistors are integrated within the microfluidic chips to sense, sequentially and independently from external actions, chloride anions in the (1–100) × 10−3 m range. The results present a cost-effective fabrication method of compact, yet comprehensive, all-printed sensing platforms that allow fast ion detection (<60 s), including the capability of automatic delivery of multiple test solutions. © 2023 The Authors., Correspondence Address: P. Andersson Ersman; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware, Printed, Bio- and Organic Electronics, Norrköping, 60233, Sweden. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska‐Curie grant agreement no. 813863 (BORGES).

The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious micro processing techniques. Here, we report the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process, and is used in the production of free standing, OEIPs on flexible polyimide substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve-blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; European Research Council [834677]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Vinnova

The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious micro processing techniques. Here, we report the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process, and is used in the production of free standing, OEIPs on flexible polyimide substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve-blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; European Research Council [834677]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Vinnova

Despite a range of pain therapies available in the market, 70% of patients report so-called “breakthrough pain”. Coupled with global issues like opioid crisis, there is a clear need for advanced therapies and technologies for pain management. In this thesis we aim to develop a novel pain management therapy based on precise, fluid-flow-free delivery of anesthetic drugs directly to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) using organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs). OEIPs are devices that can transport charged drug molecules through a permselective ion exchange membrane (IEM) under an applied electric field. In this work we used primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as an in vitro PNS model system for neuropathic pain. The IEM was made up of custom synthesized hyberbranched polyglycerols (HPGs), which enabled the delivery of large aromatic anesthetic drug such as bupivacaine for the first time in an OEIP. Bupivacaine is a common local nerve blocker which if delivered to DRGs effectively blocks their neuronal activity which in turn blocks the pain signal to travel to the central nervous system (CNS) thereby blocking the sensation of pain. Two types of OEIP devices were fabricated and characterized in this context: capillary-based OEIPs with a probe-like form factor, and inkjet-printed flexible OEIPs with a potential towards implantable form factor. The results showed that both types of OEIP devices could deliver bupivacaine locally (delivery radius ~ 75 µm) to DRG neurons at concentrations close to 40000 times lower than the bulk/bolus means. The results demonstrated that OEIPs could achieve long-lasting and reversible nerve blockage without causing tissue damage or systemic side effects. These studies lay the foundation for future demonstrations of “iontronic” PNS pain relief in living/awake animals. On the other end of the spectrum, most of today’s modern communication is based upon our understanding of how electrons move through semiconductors. This allows one to m, Trots att det finns många sätt att behandla smärta hos patienter uppger 70 procent att de drabbas av smärta som kommer tillbaka efter att de tagit medicinen. Många smärtmediciner är opioider och beroendeframkallande. Därför finns ett starkt behov att utveckla en ny avancerad lösning på smärtproblemen. Vår lösning är att tillföra anestesimedel i exakt mängd och fri från vätskeflöde direkt till det yttre nervsystemet genom organiska elektroniska jonpumpar (OEIP). Dessa jonpumpar kan transportera laddade läkemedelsmolekyler genom ett permselektivt jonbytarmembran när elektriska fält används. Vi använde primära dorsalrotganglion (DRG) neuroner som ett in vitro PNS-modellsystem för neuropatisk smärta. För första gången kan vi tillföra stora aromatiska anestesimedelsmolekyler som bupivacaine genom att använda OEIP. Bupivacaine är en vanlig lokal nervblockerare som effektivt blockerar neuronal aktivitet från DRG. Därför når inte smärtsignalerna fram till centrala nervsystemet (CNS). Detta blev möjligt genom specialtillverkade hyperbranched polyglyceroler (HPG). Vi tillverkade och testade två typer av OEIP- enheter: kapillärbaserade och sondliknande samt bläckstråletryckta och flexibla OEIP-er som kan implanteras. Båda typerna kan överföra bupivacaine till DRG neuroner lokalt (leverensradie ~75 µm) och i mycket låg koncentration (40 000 gånger lägre än bulk/ bolus). Resultaten visade att OEIP åstadkom en effektiv och reversibel blockering av nerverna. Nerverna blockerades utan att vävnaden tog skada och utan systematiska biverkningar. Dessa studier är grundläggande för framtida försök att lindra PNS-smärta hos levande/vakna djur genom iontronik. I många organismer spelar överföringen av elektroner en betydelsefull roll för metaboliska processer. Syre är den slutliga elektronacceptatorn i många av desa processer (aerob andning). Emellertid finns det få bakterier som kan "andas" genom metaller eller metalloxider när de utsätts för anaeroba förhållanden. Detta kallas extrac

Despite a range of pain therapies available in the market, 70% of patients report so-called “breakthrough pain”. Coupled with global issues like opioid crisis, there is a clear need for advanced therapies and technologies for pain management. In this thesis we aim to develop a novel pain management therapy based on precise, fluid-flow-free delivery of anesthetic drugs directly to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) using organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs). OEIPs are devices that can transport charged drug molecules through a permselective ion exchange membrane (IEM) under an applied electric field. In this work we used primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as an in vitro PNS model system for neuropathic pain. The IEM was made up of custom synthesized hyberbranched polyglycerols (HPGs), which enabled the delivery of large aromatic anesthetic drug such as bupivacaine for the first time in an OEIP. Bupivacaine is a common local nerve blocker which if delivered to DRGs effectively blocks their neuronal activity which in turn blocks the pain signal to travel to the central nervous system (CNS) thereby blocking the sensation of pain. Two types of OEIP devices were fabricated and characterized in this context: capillary-based OEIPs with a probe-like form factor, and inkjet-printed flexible OEIPs with a potential towards implantable form factor. The results showed that both types of OEIP devices could deliver bupivacaine locally (delivery radius ~ 75 µm) to DRG neurons at concentrations close to 40000 times lower than the bulk/bolus means. The results demonstrated that OEIPs could achieve long-lasting and reversible nerve blockage without causing tissue damage or systemic side effects. These studies lay the foundation for future demonstrations of “iontronic” PNS pain relief in living/awake animals. On the other end of the spectrum, most of today’s modern communication is based upon our understanding of how electrons move through semiconductors. This allows one to m, Trots att det finns många sätt att behandla smärta hos patienter uppger 70 procent att de drabbas av smärta som kommer tillbaka efter att de tagit medicinen. Många smärtmediciner är opioider och beroendeframkallande. Därför finns ett starkt behov att utveckla en ny avancerad lösning på smärtproblemen. Vår lösning är att tillföra anestesimedel i exakt mängd och fri från vätskeflöde direkt till det yttre nervsystemet genom organiska elektroniska jonpumpar (OEIP). Dessa jonpumpar kan transportera laddade läkemedelsmolekyler genom ett permselektivt jonbytarmembran när elektriska fält används. Vi använde primära dorsalrotganglion (DRG) neuroner som ett in vitro PNS-modellsystem för neuropatisk smärta. För första gången kan vi tillföra stora aromatiska anestesimedelsmolekyler som bupivacaine genom att använda OEIP. Bupivacaine är en vanlig lokal nervblockerare som effektivt blockerar neuronal aktivitet från DRG. Därför når inte smärtsignalerna fram till centrala nervsystemet (CNS). Detta blev möjligt genom specialtillverkade hyperbranched polyglyceroler (HPG). Vi tillverkade och testade två typer av OEIP- enheter: kapillärbaserade och sondliknande samt bläckstråletryckta och flexibla OEIP-er som kan implanteras. Båda typerna kan överföra bupivacaine till DRG neuroner lokalt (leverensradie ~75 µm) och i mycket låg koncentration (40 000 gånger lägre än bulk/ bolus). Resultaten visade att OEIP åstadkom en effektiv och reversibel blockering av nerverna. Nerverna blockerades utan att vävnaden tog skada och utan systematiska biverkningar. Dessa studier är grundläggande för framtida försök att lindra PNS-smärta hos levande/vakna djur genom iontronik. I många organismer spelar överföringen av elektroner en betydelsefull roll för metaboliska processer. Syre är den slutliga elektronacceptatorn i många av desa processer (aerob andning). Emellertid finns det få bakterier som kan "andas" genom metaller eller metalloxider när de utsätts för anaeroba förhållanden. Detta kallas extrac

The surge in miniaturized electronic components driven by the Internet of Things (IoT) has prompted an interest in non-traditional energy storage solutions. For these applications, reduction of size while preserving power and energy densities are of great importance. Within this context, planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) have emerged as strong candidates for energy storage. Their unique two-dimensional structure, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, high power density, and enduring stability make them highly appealing as power units for on-chip integration. However, the intricate nature of MSC fabrication remains a substantial challenge. Conventionally used indirect patterning processes, such as photolithography, are limiting the implementation of novel functional nanomaterials with high charge storing capacities. As a result, other kinds of direct patterning processes can be used to fabricate state-of-the-art MSCs. Recent studies mainly focused on improving the patterning geometry, minimizing electrode dimensions and narrowing the electrode gap to maintain high resolution of MSCs. However, these efforts were made at the expense of process scalability potential and degree of complexity of the fabrication processes. This thesis aims to develop fabrication process flows with emphasis on simplicity and versatility without sacrificing the possibility for large-scale fabrication of MSCs with high-performance. The first part of this thesis describes the implementation of highly scalable inkjet printing process for fabrication of high-performance MSCs. Typically, inkjet printing can be used to deposit thin films of materials. However, to fabricate MSCs with high-performance, the thickness is a crucial parameter that requires scaling up. The contribution of the first work is dealing with overcoming printing limitations by describing a step-like fabrication process that was developed to overcome the limitations of inkjet printing to increase the thickness of the electrode m, Ökningen av miniatyriserade elektroniska komponenter som drivs av Internet of Things (IoT) har väckt ett intresse för icke-traditionella energilagringslösningar. För dessa applikationer är det av stor betydelse att reducerad storlek inte sker på bekostnad av effekt och energitäthet. Inom detta sammanhang har plana mikrosuperkondensatorer (MSC) dykt upp som starka kandidater för energilagring. Deras unika tvådimensionella struktur, snabba laddnings- och urladdningsmöjligheter, höga effekttäthet och varaktiga stabilitet gör dem mycket tilltalande som kraftenheter för integration på chip. MSC-tillverkningens komplexa natur är dock fortfarande en stor utmaning. Konventionellt använda indirekta mönstringsprocesser, såsom fotolitografi, begränsar implementeringen av nya funktionella nanomaterial med hög kapacitet förladdningslagring. Ett resultat av det är att andra direkta mönstringsprocesser kan användas för att tillverka toppmoderna MSC:er. Nyligen genomförda studier har huvudsakligen fokuserat på att förbättra mönstringsgeometrin: minimera elektroddimensioner och minska elektrodgapet för att bibehålla hög upplösning av MSC:er. Dessa förbättringar gjordes dock på bekostnad av processens skalbarhetspotential och ökade graden av komplexitet i tillverkningsprocesserna. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla processflöden för tillverkning med betoning på enkelhet och mångsidighet, utan att offra möjligheten för storskalig tillverkning av MSC:er med hög prestanda. Den första delen av denna avhandling beskriver implementeringen av en mycket skalbar process för bläckstråleutskrift för tillverkning av högpresterande MSC:er. Vanligtvis används bläckstråleutskrift för att avsätta tunna filmer av material. För att tillverka högpresterande MSC:er är dock tjockleken en avgörande parameter som kräver uppskalning. Det första arbetet i denna avhandling beskriver en tillverkningsprocess som utvecklades för att överkomma begränsningarna med bläckstråleutskrift för att öka tjockleken, QC 20230908

The surge in miniaturized electronic components driven by the Internet of Things (IoT) has prompted an interest in non-traditional energy storage solutions. For these applications, reduction of size while preserving power and energy densities are of great importance. Within this context, planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) have emerged as strong candidates for energy storage. Their unique two-dimensional structure, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, high power density, and enduring stability make them highly appealing as power units for on-chip integration. However, the intricate nature of MSC fabrication remains a substantial challenge. Conventionally used indirect patterning processes, such as photolithography, are limiting the implementation of novel functional nanomaterials with high charge storing capacities. As a result, other kinds of direct patterning processes can be used to fabricate state-of-the-art MSCs. Recent studies mainly focused on improving the patterning geometry, minimizing electrode dimensions and narrowing the electrode gap to maintain high resolution of MSCs. However, these efforts were made at the expense of process scalability potential and degree of complexity of the fabrication processes. This thesis aims to develop fabrication process flows with emphasis on simplicity and versatility without sacrificing the possibility for large-scale fabrication of MSCs with high-performance. The first part of this thesis describes the implementation of highly scalable inkjet printing process for fabrication of high-performance MSCs. Typically, inkjet printing can be used to deposit thin films of materials. However, to fabricate MSCs with high-performance, the thickness is a crucial parameter that requires scaling up. The contribution of the first work is dealing with overcoming printing limitations by describing a step-like fabrication process that was developed to overcome the limitations of inkjet printing to increase the thickness of the electrode m, Ökningen av miniatyriserade elektroniska komponenter som drivs av Internet of Things (IoT) har väckt ett intresse för icke-traditionella energilagringslösningar. För dessa applikationer är det av stor betydelse att reducerad storlek inte sker på bekostnad av effekt och energitäthet. Inom detta sammanhang har plana mikrosuperkondensatorer (MSC) dykt upp som starka kandidater för energilagring. Deras unika tvådimensionella struktur, snabba laddnings- och urladdningsmöjligheter, höga effekttäthet och varaktiga stabilitet gör dem mycket tilltalande som kraftenheter för integration på chip. MSC-tillverkningens komplexa natur är dock fortfarande en stor utmaning. Konventionellt använda indirekta mönstringsprocesser, såsom fotolitografi, begränsar implementeringen av nya funktionella nanomaterial med hög kapacitet förladdningslagring. Ett resultat av det är att andra direkta mönstringsprocesser kan användas för att tillverka toppmoderna MSC:er. Nyligen genomförda studier har huvudsakligen fokuserat på att förbättra mönstringsgeometrin: minimera elektroddimensioner och minska elektrodgapet för att bibehålla hög upplösning av MSC:er. Dessa förbättringar gjordes dock på bekostnad av processens skalbarhetspotential och ökade graden av komplexitet i tillverkningsprocesserna. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla processflöden för tillverkning med betoning på enkelhet och mångsidighet, utan att offra möjligheten för storskalig tillverkning av MSC:er med hög prestanda. Den första delen av denna avhandling beskriver implementeringen av en mycket skalbar process för bläckstråleutskrift för tillverkning av högpresterande MSC:er. Vanligtvis används bläckstråleutskrift för att avsätta tunna filmer av material. För att tillverka högpresterande MSC:er är dock tjockleken en avgörande parameter som kräver uppskalning. Det första arbetet i denna avhandling beskriver en tillverkningsprocess som utvecklades för att överkomma begränsningarna med bläckstråleutskrift för att öka tjockleken, QC 20230908

The surge in miniaturized electronic components driven by the Internet of Things (IoT) has prompted an interest in non-traditional energy storage solutions. For these applications, reduction of size while preserving power and energy densities are of great importance. Within this context, planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) have emerged as strong candidates for energy storage. Their unique two-dimensional structure, rapid charge-discharge capabilities, high power density, and enduring stability make them highly appealing as power units for on-chip integration. However, the intricate nature of MSC fabrication remains a substantial challenge. Conventionally used indirect patterning processes, such as photolithography, are limiting the implementation of novel functional nanomaterials with high charge storing capacities. As a result, other kinds of direct patterning processes can be used to fabricate state-of-the-art MSCs. Recent studies mainly focused on improving the patterning geometry, minimizing electrode dimensions and narrowing the electrode gap to maintain high resolution of MSCs. However, these efforts were made at the expense of process scalability potential and degree of complexity of the fabrication processes. This thesis aims to develop fabrication process flows with emphasis on simplicity and versatility without sacrificing the possibility for large-scale fabrication of MSCs with high-performance. The first part of this thesis describes the implementation of highly scalable inkjet printing process for fabrication of high-performance MSCs. Typically, inkjet printing can be used to deposit thin films of materials. However, to fabricate MSCs with high-performance, the thickness is a crucial parameter that requires scaling up. The contribution of the first work is dealing with overcoming printing limitations by describing a step-like fabrication process that was developed to overcome the limitations of inkjet printing to increase the thickness of the electrode m, Ökningen av miniatyriserade elektroniska komponenter som drivs av Internet of Things (IoT) har väckt ett intresse för icke-traditionella energilagringslösningar. För dessa applikationer är det av stor betydelse att reducerad storlek inte sker på bekostnad av effekt och energitäthet. Inom detta sammanhang har plana mikrosuperkondensatorer (MSC) dykt upp som starka kandidater för energilagring. Deras unika tvådimensionella struktur, snabba laddnings- och urladdningsmöjligheter, höga effekttäthet och varaktiga stabilitet gör dem mycket tilltalande som kraftenheter för integration på chip. MSC-tillverkningens komplexa natur är dock fortfarande en stor utmaning. Konventionellt använda indirekta mönstringsprocesser, såsom fotolitografi, begränsar implementeringen av nya funktionella nanomaterial med hög kapacitet förladdningslagring. Ett resultat av det är att andra direkta mönstringsprocesser kan användas för att tillverka toppmoderna MSC:er. Nyligen genomförda studier har huvudsakligen fokuserat på att förbättra mönstringsgeometrin: minimera elektroddimensioner och minska elektrodgapet för att bibehålla hög upplösning av MSC:er. Dessa förbättringar gjordes dock på bekostnad av processens skalbarhetspotential och ökade graden av komplexitet i tillverkningsprocesserna. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla processflöden för tillverkning med betoning på enkelhet och mångsidighet, utan att offra möjligheten för storskalig tillverkning av MSC:er med hög prestanda. Den första delen av denna avhandling beskriver implementeringen av en mycket skalbar process för bläckstråleutskrift för tillverkning av högpresterande MSC:er. Vanligtvis används bläckstråleutskrift för att avsätta tunna filmer av material. För att tillverka högpresterande MSC:er är dock tjockleken en avgörande parameter som kräver uppskalning. Det första arbetet i denna avhandling beskriver en tillverkningsprocess som utvecklades för att överkomma begränsningarna med bläckstråleutskrift för att öka tjockleken, QC 20230908

Herein a versatile and scalable method to prepare periodically corrugated nanophosphor surface patterns displaying strongly polarized and directional visible light emission is demonstrated. A combination of inkjet printing and soft lithography techniques is employed to obtain arbitrarily shaped light emitting motifs. Such predesigned luminescent drawings, in which the polarization and angular properties of the emitted light are determined and finely tuned through the surface relief, can be used as anti-counterfeiting labels, as these two specific optical features provide additional means to identify any unauthorized or forged copy of the protected item. The potential of this approach is exemplified by processing a self-standing photoluminescent quick response (QR) code whose emission is both polarized and directionally beamed. Physical insight of the mechanism behind the directional out-coupled photoluminescence observed is provided by finitedifference time-domain calculations.

The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious micro processing techniques. Here, we report the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process, and is used in the production of free standing, OEIPs on flexible polyimide substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve-blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios., Funding: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council; European Research Council [834677]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; Vinnova

Despite a range of pain therapies available in the market, 70% of patients report so-called “breakthrough pain”. Coupled with global issues like opioid crisis, there is a clear need for advanced therapies and technologies for pain management. In this thesis we aim to develop a novel pain management therapy based on precise, fluid-flow-free delivery of anesthetic drugs directly to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) using organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs). OEIPs are devices that can transport charged drug molecules through a permselective ion exchange membrane (IEM) under an applied electric field. In this work we used primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as an in vitro PNS model system for neuropathic pain. The IEM was made up of custom synthesized hyberbranched polyglycerols (HPGs), which enabled the delivery of large aromatic anesthetic drug such as bupivacaine for the first time in an OEIP. Bupivacaine is a common local nerve blocker which if delivered to DRGs effectively blocks their neuronal activity which in turn blocks the pain signal to travel to the central nervous system (CNS) thereby blocking the sensation of pain. Two types of OEIP devices were fabricated and characterized in this context: capillary-based OEIPs with a probe-like form factor, and inkjet-printed flexible OEIPs with a potential towards implantable form factor. The results showed that both types of OEIP devices could deliver bupivacaine locally (delivery radius ~ 75 µm) to DRG neurons at concentrations close to 40000 times lower than the bulk/bolus means. The results demonstrated that OEIPs could achieve long-lasting and reversible nerve blockage without causing tissue damage or systemic side effects. These studies lay the foundation for future demonstrations of “iontronic” PNS pain relief in living/awake animals. On the other end of the spectrum, most of today’s modern communication is based upon our understanding of how electrons move through semiconductors. This allows one to m, Trots att det finns många sätt att behandla smärta hos patienter uppger 70 procent att de drabbas av smärta som kommer tillbaka efter att de tagit medicinen. Många smärtmediciner är opioider och beroendeframkallande. Därför finns ett starkt behov att utveckla en ny avancerad lösning på smärtproblemen. Vår lösning är att tillföra anestesimedel i exakt mängd och fri från vätskeflöde direkt till det yttre nervsystemet genom organiska elektroniska jonpumpar (OEIP). Dessa jonpumpar kan transportera laddade läkemedelsmolekyler genom ett permselektivt jonbytarmembran när elektriska fält används. Vi använde primära dorsalrotganglion (DRG) neuroner som ett in vitro PNS-modellsystem för neuropatisk smärta. För första gången kan vi tillföra stora aromatiska anestesimedelsmolekyler som bupivacaine genom att använda OEIP. Bupivacaine är en vanlig lokal nervblockerare som effektivt blockerar neuronal aktivitet från DRG. Därför når inte smärtsignalerna fram till centrala nervsystemet (CNS). Detta blev möjligt genom specialtillverkade hyperbranched polyglyceroler (HPG). Vi tillverkade och testade två typer av OEIP- enheter: kapillärbaserade och sondliknande samt bläckstråletryckta och flexibla OEIP-er som kan implanteras. Båda typerna kan överföra bupivacaine till DRG neuroner lokalt (leverensradie ~75 µm) och i mycket låg koncentration (40 000 gånger lägre än bulk/ bolus). Resultaten visade att OEIP åstadkom en effektiv och reversibel blockering av nerverna. Nerverna blockerades utan att vävnaden tog skada och utan systematiska biverkningar. Dessa studier är grundläggande för framtida försök att lindra PNS-smärta hos levande/vakna djur genom iontronik. I många organismer spelar överföringen av elektroner en betydelsefull roll för metaboliska processer. Syre är den slutliga elektronacceptatorn i många av desa processer (aerob andning). Emellertid finns det få bakterier som kan "andas" genom metaller eller metalloxider när de utsätts för anaeroba förhållanden. Detta kallas extrac

The inkjet printing method is a promising method to deposit polymer and functional nanoparticles at the microscale. It can be applied in the fabrication of multicolor polymer light emitting diodes (polyLEDs), polymer base electronics, multicolor color conversion layers, and quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs). One of the main challenges is to print high-resolution polymer dots from dilute polymer solution. In addition, the quality of printed multicolor polyLEDs, QLEDs and multicolor color conversion layers is currently limited by non-uniformity of the printed dots. In this paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is selected as the functional polymer, due to its high transparency, good reflective index value, inflammable and flexible properties. The optimal ink to form a uniform PDMS dot array is presented in this paper. Both the solvent and PDMS were tuned to form the uniform PDMS dot array. The uniform PDMS dot array was printed with a diameter of around 50 µm, and the array of closely spaced green quantum dots (QDs) mixed with PDMS ink was also printed on the substrate uniformly. While the green QD-PDMS film was printed at a resolution of 1693 dpi, the uniformity was evaluated using the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and color coordinate value. © 2023 by the authors.

We have studied the imbibition and drying of water/co-solvent mixtures in paper and glass microfiber filters. The experiments reveal a rich interplay of solution imbibition, solvent evaporation and solvent-mediated pore-fiber transport. After deposition, liquids occupy the micron-scale inter-fiber pores of a paper sheet. In thermodynamic equilibrium, polar liquids such as water and co-solvents reside in the nm-scale intra-fiber pores of the cellulose fibers. The timescales for attaining equilibrium prove to depend sensitively on the water content, such that co-solvents can be temporarily trapped in a non-equilibrium configuration. The combination of two experimental methods allows the determination of both the overall co-solvent content and an estimation of what fractions reside in the pores and in the fibers of a paper sheet. The results are relevant to understanding the behavior of solutions in paper and provide insight into the dynamics of aqueous inkjet printing inks.

Organische Leuchtdioden weisen, verglichen mit anorganischen Leuchtdioden, viele Vorteile auf. So sind sie nicht nur energiesparender, sondern können auch in neuen flexiblen Technologien verwendet werden. Um ihr volles Potenzial auszuschöpfen, können zusätzliche Schichten und neue Materialien hinzugefügt werden. Der Ersatz spröder Elektroden durch dünne Metallschichten kann OLEDs flexibler machen, Zwischenschichten verbessern den Ladungstransport und neuartige Materialien können die Lösungsprozessierung von OLEDs vereinfachen. In den Kapiteln dieser Arbeit wurden je ein Ansatz zur Steigerung der Leistung von OLEDs untersucht. Es wurden dünne Silberschichten aus einer partikelfreien Silbertinte mittels Tintenstrahldruck hergestellt und ihre optischen sowie elektrischen charakterisiert. Die gedruckten Elektroden zeigen eine hohe Biegefestigkeit, bei gleichbleibend guten elektrischen Eigenschaften. Die damit hergestellten Leuchtdioden übertreffen in ihrer Effizienz Referenzdioden mit Indium Zinn Oxid Elektroden. Um die Effizienz organischer Leuchtdioden weiter steigern zu können wurden anschließend Zwischenschichten untersucht. Mittels einer gemischten Schicht aus Zinkoxid und einem Polymer konnte die Effizienz von invertierten Leuchtdioden signifikant gesteigert werden. Weiterhin wurden zwei neu synthetisierte Moleküle dazu verwendet, um die Benetzung von Perowskiten auf Elektroden zu verbessern und somit ihre Herstellbarkeit mittels Tintenstrahldruck zu ermöglichen. Abschließend wurde das Quervernetzen von Polymeren zur Herstellung von Mehrschichtsystemen erforscht. Hierbei wird ein die Löslichkeit eines Polymers durch verschiedene Ansätze verringert. Anhand des lichtemittierenden Polymers Super Yellow wurde dies demonstriert. Die Beständigkeit einer Schicht aus Super Yellow gegenüber Toluol konnte erfolgreich stark erhöht werden. Somit wurde eine nachfolgende Prozessierung einer zusätzlichen Schicht aus demselben Lösungsmittel ermöglicht., Organic light-emitting diodes have many advantages compared to their inorganic counterparts. Not only can they be used more energy-efficiently, but they can also be used in new, flexible technologies. To reach their full potential, additional layers and new materials can be added. Replacing brittle electrodes with thin metal layers can make OLEDs more flexible, intermediate layers improve charge transport, and novel materials can simplify solution processing of OLEDs. In each of the chapters of this thesis, an approach to increasing the performance of OLEDs was examined. Thin silver layers were produced from a particle-free silver ink using inkjet. Their optical and electrical properties were characterized. The printed electrodes show a high flexural strength while retaining good electrical properties. The efficacy of the light-emitting diodes produced in this way exceeds that of reference diodes. To be able to further increase the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes, intermediate layers made of new material combinations were subsequently investigated. The efficiency of inverted light-emitting diodes could be significantly increased by means of a blend intermediate layer made of zinc oxide and a polymer. Furthermore, two newly synthesized molecules were used to improve the wetting of perovskites on electrodes and thus enable their manufacturability using inkjet printing. Finally, crosslinking of polymers to fabricate multilayer devices was investigated. Here, the solubility of a polymer is reduced by various approaches. This principle was demonstrated using the light-emitting polymer Super Yellow. The resistance of a layer of Super Yellow against toluene was successfully reduced significantly. Thus, subsequent processing of an additional layer from the same solvent was made possible.

Photoluminescence-type color filters (PLCFs) are supposed to offer vivid colors and higher power efficiency for modern displays by removing absorption losses of the conventional color filters (CFs). Inkjet printing (IJP) is a versatile and low-cost method to pattern color converters. But uniformity of the patterns is a big concern. Poor photoluminescence stability is also problematic, especially for the perovskite nanoparticles (PNPs) and quantum color converters. Herein, a porous polymer film (PF) is deployed as a template for IJP. The capillary effect of sub-micron pores in the PF modifies the rheological process of ink spreading that eliminates the coffee-ring effect and simultaneously provides photoluminescence (PL) stability. A high-quality green PNP, and red quantum rod (QR) based CF array onto the PF is successfully printed. A liquid crystal display (LCD) deploying this full-color PF CFs is demonstrated. Color gamut of the device could reach 96.9% of BT2020. The PF CFs show good PL stability for more than 218 days. Furthermore, the fabricated PF CFs possess great flexibility, and any chromaticity and brightness change after 10 000 times of folding were not observed. Thus, the proposed CF using the PF is highly suitable for flexible display and photonics components. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Photoluminescence-type color filters (PLCFs) are supposed to offer vivid colors and higher power efficiency for modern displays by removing absorption losses of the conventional color filters (CFs). Inkjet printing (IJP) is a versatile and low-cost method to pattern color converters. But uniformity of the patterns is a big concern. Poor photoluminescence stability is also problematic, especially for the perovskite nanoparticles (PNPs) and quantum color converters. Herein, a porous polymer film (PF) is deployed as a template for IJP. The capillary effect of sub-micron pores in the PF modifies the rheological process of ink spreading that eliminates the coffee-ring effect and simultaneously provides photoluminescence (PL) stability. A high-quality green PNP, and red quantum rod (QR) based CF array onto the PF is successfully printed. A liquid crystal display (LCD) deploying this full-color PF CFs is demonstrated. Color gamut of the device could reach 96.9% of BT2020. The PF CFs show good PL stability for more than 218 days. Furthermore, the fabricated PF CFs possess great flexibility, and any chromaticity and brightness change after 10 000 times of folding were not observed. Thus, the proposed CF using the PF is highly suitable for flexible display and photonics components. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH

Silicon sensors date back to before 1960 with early Hall and piezoresistive devices. These used simple processing that was part of the early integrated circuit (IC) industry. As the IC industry developed, silicon sensors could benefit from the technological advances. As silicon sensors advanced, there came the need for new technologies specifically for microsystems. This led to a range of 3-D structures using micromachining and enabled the development of both sensors and actuators. The integration of sensors with electronics on a single chip also presented new challenges to ensure that both sensor and electronics would function correctly at the end of the processing. In recent years many new technologies and new materials were introduced to enhance the functionality of microsystems. Some sensors are still based on silicon, but others introduce new materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. Technologies that have been used in other applications for many years are now integral part of the microsystem technology portfolio. These include screen printing and inkjet printing. Moving more into the third dimension, 3-D printing presents many new opportunities to fabricate novel structures on a silicon substrate. This tutorial focuses on the additional technologies which have been developed to supplement standard IC processes to create MEMS structures., Bio-Electronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials

We have studied the combined imbibition and evaporation of surfactant solutions into thin porous media by means of experiments and numerical simulations. Solutions of anionic and non-ionic surfactants were deposited onto moving sheets of paper by a droplet-on-demand inkjet system. Optical transmission imaging and infrared thermography were used to monitor their lateral transport and evaporation. Moreover, we propose a theoretical model based on a dual-porosity approach that accounts for moisture and surfactant transport in both the pores and the fibers of the paper sheets as well as for surfactant adsorption. The numerical simulations reproduce the experimental data qualitatively well.

L’électronique imprimée offre un énorme potentiel pour les processus de fabrication personnalisés et à faible coût sur des substrats flexibles en vue de la réalisation de l’Internet des objets (IoT). Les techniques d’impression permettent un dépôt précis d’encres fonctionnelles sur une variété de substrats tels que des feuilles, du tissu ou du papier tout en conservant leurs propriétés flexibles. Les éléments constitutifs de l’IdO sont les interconnexions imprimables, les entrées/sorties, la logique, les cellules de mémoire, les capteurs et le stockage d’énergie. Même si la recherche sur les composants entièrement imprimés a rapidement progressé ces dernières années, la compatibilité, la facilité de fabrication et la compréhension détaillée sont toujours limités pour de nombreux composants. Divers matériaux et processus doivent être ajustés pour permettre une fabrication parfaite, tandis que l’interaction entre les composants est cruciale pour toute application ; tout cela nécessite une compréhension microscopique des mécanismes. Cette thèse vise l’intégration de multiples constituants imprimés afin de réaliser un système autonome. Les mécanismes de transport de courant, les structures et l’intégration des mémoires, des capteurs et des batteries sont analysés par des méthodes microscopiques et électriques. Les cellules de mémoire résistive consistent en une structure à trois couches, où un matériau isolant est pris en sandwich entre deux électrodes conductrices. La configuration la plus simple la rend particulièrement adaptée aux processus d’impression. Un filament métallique peut être formé et dissous par l’application de différentes tensions et, par conséquent, la modification de la résistance entre les électrodes est utilisée pour stocker des informations. Des approches d’impression complète ou hybride sont utilisées pour créer des cellules de mémoire en Ag/Spin-on-Glass/Ag ainsi qu’en Cu/CuxS/C. Elles présentent une très faible consommation d’énergie (1pJ par co

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This present study is intended to show some test results of fabrication of micro-oscillators by transfer-printing (TP) of Au thin film and inkjet printing of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles. Au thin film is formed into a double-supported micro-beam to function as a micro-oscillator on a polymer substrate. Au thin film is also fabricated on a pre-coated Au substrate by atomic diffusion bonding assisted transfer-printing. This micro-oscillator can be driven by electrostatic force with 90 – 210 V of applied voltage and less than 10 kHz. The resonance frequency is 0.28 kHz. GO nanoparticles are deposited on the transfer-printed Au thin film by inkjet printing. The laminated thin film of Au and GO nanoparticles has higher modulus than that of Au thin film., The 10th International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st Century (LEM21), November 14-18, 2021.

Toward next-generation electroluminescent quantum dot (QD) displays, inkjet printing technique has been convinced as one of the most promising low-cost and large-scale manufacturing of patterned quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The development of high-quality and stable QD inks is a key step to push this technology toward practical applications. Herein, a universal ternary-solvent-ink strategy is proposed for the cesium lead halides (CsPbX3) perovskite QDs and their corresponding inkjet-printed QLEDs. With this tailor-made ternary halogen-free solvent (naphthene, n-tridecane, and n-nonane) recipe, a highly dispersive and stable CsPbX3 QD ink is obtained, which exhibits much better printability and film-forming ability than that of the binary solvent (naphthene and n-tridecane) system, leading to a much better qualitied perovskite QD thin film. Consequently, a record peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.54% and maximum luminance of 43 883.39 cd m−2 is achieved in inkjet-printed green perovskite QLEDs, which is much higher than that of the binary-solvent-system-based devices (EQE = 2.26%). Moreover, the ternary-solvent-system exhibits a universal applicability in the inkjet-printed red and blue perovskite QLEDs as well as cadmium (Cd)-based QLEDs. This work demonstrates a new strategy for tailor-making a general ternary-solvent-QD-ink system for efficient inkjet-printed QLEDs as well as the other solution-processed electronic devices in the future., QC 20221019

Photocatalysts for water purification and energy production belong to the class of materials for which there is an urgent need for more environmentally friendly manufacturing. Here we report a high throughput method for inkjet printing of nanostructured photocatalytically active TiO2 films and a detailed analysis of their properties and photocatalytic performance. We show that the inkjet dispersion of TiO2 particles is highly reproducible which leads to a close to linear relation between the number of printed single layers and the thickness of the films. The films here obtained have uniform surfaces and the interfaces with the substrates are free from defects such as grain boundaries, ripples, or discontinuities. This contrasts with films obtained with the traditional doctor blade method. The inkjet printed films have higher photocatalytic performance than the doctor blade films which results in higher catalytic activity per mass of material used. Lifetime tests with wet and dry cycles show that the inkjet films subjected to 10 photocatalytic cycles of 100 minutes each have a loss of performance of only 7 %, while the films made via the doctor blade method have a performance loss of 66 %. These tests revealed additionally that the mechanical stability of the inkjet films is higher than that of the films manufactured via the traditional casting method. This set of results shows that inkjet printing can be an efficient method for the large-scale production of TiO2 photocatalysts., QC 20220817

The performances of the Color-Gradient (CG) and the Shan-Chen (SC) multicomponent Lattice Boltzmann models are quantitatively compared side-by-side on multiple physical flow problems where breakup, coalescence and contraction of fluid ligaments are important. The flow problems are relevant to microfluidic applications, jetting of microdroplets as seen in inkjet printing, as well as emulsion dynamics. A significantly wider range of parameters is shown to be accessible for CG in terms of density-ratio, viscosity-ratio and surface tension values. Numerical stability for a high density ratio O(1000) is required for simulating the drop formation process during inkjet printing which we show here to be achievable using the CG model but not using the SC model. Our results show that the CG model is a suitable choice for challenging simulations of droplet formation, due to a combination of both numerical stability and physical accuracy. We also present a novel approach to incorporate repulsion forces between interfaces for CG, with possible applications to the study of stabilized emulsions. Specifically, we show that the CG model can produce similar results to a known multirange potentials extension of the SC model for modelling a disjoining pressure, opening up its use for the study of dense stabilized emulsions.

Interfaces between complex oxides host a plethora of functional properties including enhanced ionic conductivity, gate-tunable superconductivity and exotic magnetic states. The enhanced electronic, ionic and magnetic properties along the oxide interfaces are generally exploited in functional devices by spatial confinement of ions and electrons. Different patterning methods have been used to spatially control the conductivity at the interface, but a key limitation is the multiple steps needed to fabricate functional devices. In this investigation, inkjet printing of thermally stable oxides is introduced as an alternative pathway for spatially controlling the interface conductivity. We inkjet print yttrium-stabilized zirconia and TiO2 with various shapes and use these as physical masks to confine the electronic conductivity in SrTiO3-based heterostructures. By performing in-situ transport measurements of the electrical conductivity as LaAlO3 and gamma-Al2O3 are deposited on SrTiO3, we witness the birth of the interface conductivity and find a consistent transient behavior as conductivity emerges in patterned and non-patterned heterostructures. We find that conductivity appears after the first laser pulse in the pulsed laser deposition corresponding to the film covering only a few percent of the substrate. We attribute the emergence of conductivity to oxygen vacancies formed by a combination of plasma bombardment and oxygen transfer across the interface during growth. In this vein, inkjet patterned hard masks protects the SrTiO3 substrate, effectively confining the conductivity. The study paves a scalable way for realizing energy devices with spatially controlled electronic and ionic interface conductivity.

Metallhalogenid-Perowskite (MHP) haben sich als hervorragende Materialklasse im Bereich der Optoelektronik erwiesen, obwohl die Degradation der häufig verwendeten organischen Komponenten ihre Langzeitstabilität begrenzt. Um schnell stabile Alternativen zu finden, ist eine Parallelisierung des Prozesses der Materialentwicklung durch kombinatorische Synthese und Hochdurchsatzanalyse erforderlich. In dieser Arbeit wird dies durch die Entwicklung, Implementierung und Validierung zweier komplementärer Methoden für die kombinatorische Synthese realisiert. Zum einen wurde die lösungsmittelbasierte Methode des kombinatorischen Tintenstrahldrucks weiterentwickelt, indem ein neuer Algorithmus für eine verbesserte Tintenmischung bereitgestellt und validiert wurde. Zum anderen wurde die Synthese von CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y-Doppelgradientenschichten durch Co-Verdampfung erreicht. Kombinatorische Bibliotheken, die durch diese beiden Methoden hergestellt wurden, wurden für die Hochdurchsatzuntersuchung der strukturellen und optischen Eigenschaften der anorganischen CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y-MHP verwendet. Dies ermöglichte die schnelle Erstellung vollständiger Phasendiagramme für Dünnfilme des CsPb(BrxI1-x)3-Mischkristalls, die zeigen, dass die Zugabe von Br die halbleitende Perowskitphase stabilisiert und niedrigere Verarbeitungstemperaturen ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus wurden CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y-Bibliotheken mit automatisierten, kontaktlosen optischen Raster-Messungen untersucht, die eine schnelle Sichtung von über 3400 Zusammensetzungen ermöglichten. Dies ermöglichte die Bewertung des photovoltaischen Potenzials von CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y über einen sehr breiten Bereich von Zusammensetzungen. Das höchste Wirkungsgradpotenzial wurde für stöchiometrische Zusammensetzungen gefunden, wobei ein Überschuss an Pb oder Cs zu erhöhten Verlusten durch nichtstrahlende Rekombination führt. Diese Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Erkenntnisse für die weitere Entwicklung von anorganischen MHP-Bauelementen., To keep up with the increasing need for specialized materials, a parallelization of the materials discovery process is needed through combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput analysis. The acceleration of materials discovery is especially of interest in the area of optoelectronics where metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have proven to be an excellent material class and have achieved impressive performance in photovoltaic devices among other applications. However, the degradation of the frequently employed organic components contributes to limiting the long-term stability of MHP devices. In this work, accelerated materials discovery is addressed through the development, implementation, and validation of two complementary methods for combinatorial synthesis. Firstly, the solution-based method of combinatorial inkjet printing was further developed by providing and validating a new algorithm for improved ink mixing. Secondly, the vapor-based synthesis of double-gradient CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y was achieved by co-evaporation. Combinatorial libraries created by both methods were used for the high-throughput investigation of the structural and optical properties of the inorganic CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y MHPs. This enabled the fast construction of complete phase diagrams for thin-films of the CsPb(BrxI1-x)3 solid solution which show that the addition of Br stabilizes the semiconducting perovskite phase and allows for lower processing temperatures. Additionally, CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y libraries were investigated by automized, contact-less, optical mapping measurements, enabling the rapid screening of over 3400 compositions. This enabled the assessment of the photovoltaic potential of CsyPb1-y(BrxI1-x)2-y over a very broad compositional range. The maximum efficiency potential was found for stoichiometric compositions, with excess of Pb or Cs causing increased losses by non-radiative recombination. These results provide vital knowledge for further development of inorganic MHP devices.

Interfaces between complex oxides host a plethora of functional properties including enhanced ionic conductivity, gate-tunable superconductivity and exotic magnetic states. The enhanced electronic, ionic and magnetic properties along the oxide interfaces are generally exploited in functional devices by spatial confinement of ions and electrons. Different patterning methods have been used to spatially control the conductivity at the interface, but a key limitation is the multiple steps needed to fabricate functional devices. In this investigation, inkjet printing of thermally stable oxides is introduced as an alternative pathway for spatially controlling the interface conductivity. We inkjet print yttrium-stabilized zirconia and TiO2 with various shapes and use these as physical masks to confine the electronic conductivity in SrTiO3-based heterostructures. By performing in-situ transport measurements of the electrical conductivity as LaAlO3 and gamma-Al2O3 are deposited on SrTiO3, we witness the birth of the interface conductivity and find a consistent transient behavior as conductivity emerges in patterned and non-patterned heterostructures. We find that conductivity appears after the first laser pulse in the pulsed laser deposition corresponding to the film covering only a few percent of the substrate. We attribute the emergence of conductivity to oxygen vacancies formed by a combination of plasma bombardment and oxygen transfer across the interface during growth. In this vein, inkjet patterned hard masks protects the SrTiO3 substrate, effectively confining the conductivity. The study paves a scalable way for realizing energy devices with spatially controlled electronic and ionic interface conductivity.

Inkjet printing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has received wide interest in the field of additive manufacturing for printing flexible wearable electronics. Before depositing the PDMS on the target substrate with desired pattern, the PDMS ink must be ejected in a stable manner. One of the problems that affects the jetting quality is the satellite droplet coming with the dominate droplet during the printing process, which is known as the satellite effect. In this paper, we investigated the possibility of stable jetting of PDMS ink without the satellite effect. The cartridges with 10pl (FUJI Dimatix DMP-2850) were used to jet PDMS ink. The solvent for the preparation of PDMS ink was decane combined with toluene as a co-solvent for adjusting the physical properties of the PDMS ink. The generation of stable PDMS ink droplets was achieved by optimizing the mixture solvent of PDMS ink and the adjustment of the printing voltage waveform, which indicated the inkjet printing of PDMS is a promising method for fabricating flexible wearable electronics. © 2022 Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging.