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Contains fulltext : 243931.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Neonatal hyperparathyroidism is a rare disease caused by a homozygous inactivating mutation in the calcium sensing receptor gene. It presents early in life with life threatening manifestations of hypercalcemia, if left untreated the condition may be lethal. This is the first case series reported from Sudan. Three Sudanese siblings presented with severe symptoms of hypercalcemia in the form of polyuria, failure to thrive and multiple bone fractures. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were very high with low phosphate and normal alkaline phosphatase levels. Ultrasonography and sestamibi scan were normal and did not assist in diagnosing their condition. Medical management was a great challenge due to unavailability of medications such as parentral bisphosphonates and calcimimetics. Parathyroidectomy was inevitable. Tissue biopsies revealed parathyroid hyperplasia and no adenoma. Gene sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation: c 2038 C T p (Arg680Cys) in two siblings, both parents were heterozygous for the same missense mutation. Our report reflects the challenges in diagnosis and management of neonatal hyperparathyroidism in resource limited countries. We also highlight the importance of genetic testing in the diagnosis and management of such cases in countries with high rates of consanguineous marriage.

Contains fulltext : 243931.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Neonatal hyperparathyroidism is a rare disease caused by a homozygous inactivating mutation in the calcium sensing receptor gene. It presents early in life with life threatening manifestations of hypercalcemia, if left untreated the condition may be lethal. This is the first case series reported from Sudan. Three Sudanese siblings presented with severe symptoms of hypercalcemia in the form of polyuria, failure to thrive and multiple bone fractures. Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were very high with low phosphate and normal alkaline phosphatase levels. Ultrasonography and sestamibi scan were normal and did not assist in diagnosing their condition. Medical management was a great challenge due to unavailability of medications such as parentral bisphosphonates and calcimimetics. Parathyroidectomy was inevitable. Tissue biopsies revealed parathyroid hyperplasia and no adenoma. Gene sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation: c 2038 C T p (Arg680Cys) in two siblings, both parents were heterozygous for the same missense mutation. Our report reflects the challenges in diagnosis and management of neonatal hyperparathyroidism in resource limited countries. We also highlight the importance of genetic testing in the diagnosis and management of such cases in countries with high rates of consanguineous marriage.

Synthetic zinc ferrite was sulphated with ((NH4)2)SO4 for varying times and temperatures. Maximum sulphatisation was achieved using 10-12 moles of ((NH4)2)SO4 per mole of ZnFe2O4 for 60 min at 650 degrees C, giving a recovery of around 77% Zn. Less than 1% of Fe2(SO4)3 was formed under the same conditions. Addition of Fe2O3 at more than the equimolecular ratio of Fe2O3:MeO increased the recovery of Zn. Higher recovery of soluble ZnSO4 (around 98%) and smaller amounts of Fe2(SO4)3 were obtained using more than 1.8% mole of Fe2O3 per mole ZnO in the ferrite. The mechanism and the probable reactions that occurred during sulphatisation are discussed. A flow sheet is suggested for the overall process of the recovery of non-ferrous metals from ferrites., Synthetic zinc ferrite was sulphated with ((NH4)2)SO4 for varying times and temperatures. Maximum sulphatisation was achieved using 10-12 moles of ((NH4)2)SO4 per mole of ZnFe2O4 for 60 min at 650 degrees C, giving a recovery of around 77% Zn. Less than 1% of Fe2(SO4)3 was formed under the same conditions. Addition of Fe2O3 at more than the equimolecular ratio of Fe2O3:MeO increased the recovery of Zn. Higher recovery of soluble ZnSO4 (around 98%) and smaller amounts of Fe2(SO4)3 were obtained using more than 1.8% mole of Fe2O3 per mole ZnO in the ferrite. The mechanism and the probable reactions that occurred during sulphatisation are discussed. A flow sheet is suggested for the overall process of the recovery of non-ferrous metals from ferrites.