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Agapanthus (Agapanthus praecox) is a perennial herb belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, of economic importance, given its medicinal and ornamental uses, and ecological since it is reported as an invasive species. Despite this, there are no anatomical studies that allow us to elucidate structures and serve as a basis for explaining their adaptations and uses in future studies. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a descriptive approach to the anatomy of vegetative and female reproductive organs of A. praecox subsp. praecox. To do this, freehand cross sections were made, to which Astra blue-fuchsin stain was subsequently applied. The presence of raphid-type calcium oxalate crystals, extensive storage tissue in the root and rhizome, and, specifically for the root and leaf, secretory channels were found. In the reproductive part, a scape with several layers of chlorenchyma and sclerenchyma was observed, the ovary presents axillary placentation and septal nectaries characteristic of the family. Finally, it is necessary to continue with histochemistry studies and identification of metabolites that explain its success in different conditions and benefits in medicine., El agapanto (Agapanthus praecox) es una hierba perenne perteneciente a la familia Amaryllidaceae, de importancia económica, dados sus usos medicinales y ornamentales y ecológica ya que está reportada como especie invasora. A pesar de esto, no hay estudios anatómicos que permitan dilucidar estructuras y que sirvan como base para en próximos estudios explicar sus adaptaciones y utilidades. Por lo anterior, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar una aproximación descriptiva a la anatomía de órganos vegetativos y reproductivos femeninos de A. praecox subsp. praecox. Para ello, se realizaron cortes transversales a mano alzada y posteriormente se aplicó tinción Astra blue-fucsina. Fue común la presencia de cristales de oxalato de calcio tipo rafidios, un amplio tejido de almacenamiento en la raíz y el rizoma, y, específicamente para la raíz y la hoja, se encontraron canales secretores. En la parte reproductiva se observó un escapo con varias capas de clorénquima y esclerénquima, el ovario presenta placentación axilar y nectarios septales característicos de la familia. Por último, es necesario continuar con estudios de histoquímica e identificación de metabolitos que permitan explicar su éxito en diferentes condiciones y beneficios en la medicina.

Agapanthus (Agapanthus praecox) is a perennial herb belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, of economic importance, given its medicinal and ornamental uses, and ecological since it is reported as an invasive species. Despite this, there are no anatomical studies that allow us to elucidate structures and serve as a basis for explaining their adaptations and uses in future studies. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a descriptive approach to the anatomy of vegetative and female reproductive organs of A. praecox subsp. praecox. To do this, freehand cross sections were made, to which Astra blue-fuchsin stain was subsequently applied. The presence of raphid-type calcium oxalate crystals, extensive storage tissue in the root and rhizome, and, specifically for the root and leaf, secretory channels were found. In the reproductive part, a scape with several layers of chlorenchyma and sclerenchyma was observed, the ovary presents axillary placentation and septal nectaries characteristic of the family. Finally, it is necessary to continue with histochemistry studies and identification of metabolites that explain its success in different conditions and benefits in medicine., El agapanto (Agapanthus praecox) es una hierba perenne perteneciente a la familia Amaryllidaceae, de importancia económica, dados sus usos medicinales y ornamentales y ecológica ya que está reportada como especie invasora. A pesar de esto, no hay estudios anatómicos que permitan dilucidar estructuras y que sirvan como base para en próximos estudios explicar sus adaptaciones y utilidades. Por lo anterior, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar una aproximación descriptiva a la anatomía de órganos vegetativos y reproductivos femeninos de A. praecox subsp. praecox. Para ello, se realizaron cortes transversales a mano alzada y posteriormente se aplicó tinción Astra blue-fucsina. Fue común la presencia de cristales de oxalato de calcio tipo rafidios, un amplio tejido de almacenamiento en la raíz y el rizoma, y, específicamente para la raíz y la hoja, se encontraron canales secretores. En la parte reproductiva se observó un escapo con varias capas de clorénquima y esclerénquima, el ovario presenta placentación axilar y nectarios septales característicos de la familia. Por último, es necesario continuar con estudios de histoquímica e identificación de metabolitos que permitan explicar su éxito en diferentes condiciones y beneficios en la medicina.

There is a need to resolve methods to determine the merits of native versus non-native plant use in drylands and indeed in more temperate areas around the world. This is because whilst plant introductions may have positive objectives, they can have significant negative landscape and environmental impacts. A key discussion on this issue focuses on whether the use of non-native plant species can be considered to be pollution and pollutive based on the concept that pollution can be regarded as ‘matter out of place’. The consequences of putting the wrong plant species in the wrong place can be extremely detrimental to the landscape character, quality and value of the land, let alone the effects on ecosystem structure and functioning as well as on biodiversity. These effects can also affect human communities who may rely on the landscape, for example, for tourism. It is thus necessary that the discussion on how decisions are made in determining plant choice evolves so that the right decisions are made when planting is necessary, for the land, for nature and for the people. This discussion has been initiated through COST Action ES1104, which focused on the restoration of degraded dry and arid lands. This article discusses a number of landscape methods based on sustainability principles to determine when and where native and non-native plants could and should be used. © 2020 The Authors. Land Degradation & Development published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Over the last few centuries thousands of species have been introduced to new ranges worldwide, providing excellent opportunities for researchers to study evolution. However, almost all previous studies of evolutionary change in introduced species have compared introduced populations to populations from across the species’ native range, with the result that variation within native ranges likely confounds estimates of evolutionary change. We located the original source population for the South African beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia which was introduced to eastern Australia in the 1930s and set up a common-environment glasshouse experiment to compare four introduced populations with the source population. This provided a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary change - and is the first study of its kind investigating a wide range of morphological, physiological, defence and life-history traits in an introduced plant species. In under 90 years introduced A. populifolia has evolved some striking changes. Introduced plants have developed shorter, sprawling bodies and smaller, thicker leaves that are always spoon-shaped instead of developing adult lobes. They employ a lower photosynthetic rate, higher water-use efficiency and lower nitrogen-use efficiency than the source plants. Introduced plants have more ash, alkaloids and leaf hairs than source plants, but are also less tough, with a lower C:N ratio and less phenolics - resulting in no difference in overall defence between source and introduced plants. Finally, introduced A. populifolia has evolved numerous weedy life-history characteristics: more, smaller inflorescences produce more seeds that germinate better, and the plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination, flowering and survival - all without needing mates or pollinators. In total, introduced A. populifolia evolved significant changes in 75% of the 41 traits that I measured, making it a very different plant now compared to when it

[EN] We provide the first records of five non-native vascular plants for Europe—Commelina erecta, Cylindropuntia fulgida, Dasylirion serratifolium, ×Graptosedum and Senecio crassissimus, two for the Iberian Peninsula—Lobelia laxiflora subsp. angustifolia and Pennisetum flaccidum, and four for Catalonia— Dimorphotheca fruticosa, ×Gasteraloe beguinii, Opuntia elatior and Tradescantia sillamontana. In addition, new local records are provided for ten taxa scarcely reported for Catalonia. During the last decades, ornamental horticulture constitutes the most important source of alien plants, and some of them are potentially invasive species at a worldwide level. Most of the plants listed in this study are escaped from gardens or established as a consequence of dumping green waste. Some species are locally naturalized and in some cases they could behave as invasive., [ES] Aportamos citas de cinco plantas alóctonas nuevas para Europa —Commelina erecta, Cylindropuntia fulgida, Dasylirion serratifolium, ×Graptosedum y Senecio crassissimus—, dos nuevas para la península ibérica —Lobelia laxiflora subsp. angustifolia y Pennisetum flaccidum— y cuatro nuevas para Cataluña —Dimorphotheca fruticosa, ×Gasteraloe beguinii, Opuntia elatior y Tradescantia sillamontana—. También presentamos nuevos datos sobre diez plantas poco citadas en Cataluña. En las últimas décadas el cultivo de plantas ornamentales constituye la principal causa de introducción de especies alóctonas a escala mundial, algunas de las cuales son potencialmente invasoras. La mayoría de las plantas que constan en este trabajo son escapadas de cultivos o provienen de vertidos de restos de jardinería. Algunas especies se encuentran localmente naturalizadas y en algún caso podrían presentar un comportamiento invasor.

Novel, non-coevolved associations between introduced plants and native insect herbivores may lead to changes in trophic interactions in native communities, as well as to substantial economic problems. Although some studies in invasion ecology demonstrated that native herbivores can preferentially feed on introduced plants and therefore contribute to the biotic resistance of native communities to plant invasions, the role of acridid grasshoppers as native generalist insect herbivores is largely overlooked. This systematic review aimed to identify patterns of grasshopper feeding preferences for native versus introduced plants and, consequently, a potential of grasshoppers to provide biotic resistance of native communities. The analysis of 63 records of feeding preference trials for 28 North-American grasshopper species (retrieved from 2146 studies published during 1967–2017) has demonstrated a preference of grasshoppers for introduced host plants, and identified 12 preferred introduced plants with high or middle invasive ranks. A significant effect of the life stage (p < 0.001), but not the experimental environment, plant material, and measurements, on grasshopper preferences for introduced plants was also detected. Overall, results suggest a potential of acridid grasshoppers to contribute to the biotic resistance of native communities. The review also provides methodological recommendations for future experimental studies on grasshopper-host plant interactions.

Among plant species introduced to Norway, several are naturalising and spreading in the landscape in an aggressive way. There is an ongoing debate between professionals in nature management and cultural heritage. Policy-makers have selected the year 1800 as a time delimitation: the use of plant species introduced later is to be regulated or even forbidden. Looking back in history, the perception of the introduction of plants between 1750 and 1900 differs from present attitudes. Introduced plants were once regarded as positive contributions that could be used to demonstrate botanic skills and wealth, as well as garden owners' skills in cultivating them. At present, many of the plant species that were once desirable are now regarded as threatening 'aliens'. This article examines changed attitudes towards introduced plants, with an emphasis on the period 1750-1900, when the majority of new plants arrived.

Alien plants pose a substantial threat to island ecosystems in Australia and worldwide. A better understanding of weed distributions is necessary to more effectively manage natural resources on islands. To address this for Western Australian islands, we assembled a database of all available records of alien plants on these islands. In the second paper in this series, we report on the distribution of records from all islands located along the west coast of Western Australia. We defined the west coast as the coastline within the boundaries of the South West, Swan and Midwest regions of the Department of Parks and Wildlife. This area of coastline stretches from Black Point (near Cape Leeuwin) in the south, to Waroora Station (near Coral Bay) in the north. From 4049 individual records, a total of 317 alien plant species were recorded on the 206 islands with existing weed records. A disproportionately large number of weed species were recorded on islands near Perth, estuarine islands, and islands with a history of intensive human activity. Some of the species recorded as present on the islands are known to be serious environmental weeds, including mother of millions (Bryophyllum delagoense), sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias), cleavers (Galium aparine), African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum), tree mallow (Malva arborea), ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), common prickly pear (Opuntia stricta), sea spinach (Tetragonia decumbens), and golden crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides). The development of management plans to address these species and the survey of islands adjacent to known infestations should be conservation priorities for the west coast islands. Improved biosecurity procedures and enforcement could prevent the establishment of new weed populations on islands and reduce the future costs associated with the management of infestations. © The Government of Western Australia, 2016.

Alien plants pose a substantial threat to island ecosystems in Australia and worldwide. A better understanding of weed distributions is necessary to more effectively manage natural resources on islands. To address this for Western Australian islands, we assembled a database of all available records of alien plants on these islands. In the second paper in this series, we report on the distribution of records from all islands located along the west coast of Western Australia. We defined the west coast as the coastline within the boundaries of the South West, Swan and Midwest regions of the Department of Parks and Wildlife. This area of coastline stretches from Black Point (near Cape Leeuwin) in the south, to Waroora Station (near Coral Bay) in the north. From 4049 individual records, a total of 317 alien plant species were recorded on the 206 islands with existing weed records. A disproportionately large number of weed species were recorded on islands near Perth, estuarine islands, and islands with a history of intensive human activity. Some of the species recorded as present on the islands are known to be serious environmental weeds, including mother of millions (Bryophyllum delagoense), sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias), cleavers (Galium aparine), African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum), tree mallow (Malva arborea), ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), common prickly pear (Opuntia stricta), sea spinach (Tetragonia decumbens), and golden crownbeard (Verbesina encelioides). The development of management plans to address these species and the survey of islands adjacent to known infestations should be conservation priorities for the west coast islands. Improved biosecurity procedures and enforcement could prevent the establishment of new weed populations on islands and reduce the future costs associated with the management of infestations. © The Government of Western Australia, 2016.

According to Alfred Crosby's proposals, in the 16th century the American continent experienced the greatest biological revolution since the end of the Pleistocene, as waves of plants were disseminated around the globe thanks to the sea-journeys undertaken by Portuguese and Spanish. New Spain became a privileged scenario for this grand event. This text examines 45 "Geographical Relations" from the Balsas-Jalisco region in order to identify the plants that had been introduced by the decade of 1580, and those that had been incorporated into the daily life of native populations., Selon les travaux d'Alfred Crosby, le continent américain a connu au XVIe siècle la plus grande révolution biologique depuis la fin du Pliocène. De grands contingents de plantes furent disséminés tout autour du globe grâce aux navigations des Portugais et des Espagnols, et la Nouvelle Espagne fut l'espace privilégié pour ce phénomène. Dans ce texte nous étudierons 45 Relaciones geográficas qui correspondent à la région Balsas-Jalisco, avec comme but, connaître quelles plantes furent introduites jusque dans les années 1580, et celles qui furent incorporées à la vie quotidienne des populations locales., Siguiendo el planteamiento de Alfred Crosby, el continente americano experimentó en el siglo XVI la más grande revolución biológica desde el fin del Pleistoceno. Oleadas de plantas fueron diseminadas alrededor del globo, gracias a las navegaciones emprendidas por lusos e hispanos, y la Nueva España fue un escenario privilegiado para este acontecimiento. En este texto se examinaron 45 Relaciones geográficas que corresponden a la región Balsas-Jalisco, con el objetivo de conocer qué plantas se habían introducido hacia la década de 1580, y cuáles se habían incorporado a la vida cotidiana de las poblaciones nativas.

According to Alfred Crosby's proposals, in the 16th century the American continent experienced the greatest biological revolution since the end of the Pleistocene, as waves of plants were disseminated around the globe thanks to the sea-journeys undertaken by Portuguese and Spanish. New Spain became a privileged scenario for this grand event. This text examines 45 "Geographical Relations" from the Balsas-Jalisco region in order to identify the plants that had been introduced by the decade of 1580, and those that had been incorporated into the daily life of native populations., Selon les travaux d'Alfred Crosby, le continent américain a connu au XVIe siècle la plus grande révolution biologique depuis la fin du Pliocène. De grands contingents de plantes furent disséminés tout autour du globe grâce aux navigations des Portugais et des Espagnols, et la Nouvelle Espagne fut l'espace privilégié pour ce phénomène. Dans ce texte nous étudierons 45 Relaciones geográficas qui correspondent à la région Balsas-Jalisco, avec comme but, connaître quelles plantes furent introduites jusque dans les années 1580, et celles qui furent incorporées à la vie quotidienne des populations locales., Siguiendo el planteamiento de Alfred Crosby, el continente americano experimentó en el siglo XVI la más grande revolución biológica desde el fin del Pleistoceno. Oleadas de plantas fueron diseminadas alrededor del globo, gracias a las navegaciones emprendidas por lusos e hispanos, y la Nueva España fue un escenario privilegiado para este acontecimiento. En este texto se examinaron 45 Relaciones geográficas que corresponden a la región Balsas-Jalisco, con el objetivo de conocer qué plantas se habían introducido hacia la década de 1580, y cuáles se habían incorporado a la vida cotidiana de las poblaciones nativas.

According to Alfred Crosby's proposals, in the 16th century the American continent experienced the greatest biological revolution since the end of the Pleistocene, as waves of plants were disseminated around the globe thanks to the sea-journeys undertaken by Portuguese and Spanish. New Spain became a privileged scenario for this grand event. This text examines 45 "Geographical Relations" from the Balsas-Jalisco region in order to identify the plants that had been introduced by the decade of 1580, and those that had been incorporated into the daily life of native populations., Selon les travaux d'Alfred Crosby, le continent américain a connu au XVIe siècle la plus grande révolution biologique depuis la fin du Pliocène. De grands contingents de plantes furent disséminés tout autour du globe grâce aux navigations des Portugais et des Espagnols, et la Nouvelle Espagne fut l'espace privilégié pour ce phénomène. Dans ce texte nous étudierons 45 Relaciones geográficas qui correspondent à la région Balsas-Jalisco, avec comme but, connaître quelles plantes furent introduites jusque dans les années 1580, et celles qui furent incorporées à la vie quotidienne des populations locales., Siguiendo el planteamiento de Alfred Crosby, el continente americano experimentó en el siglo XVI la más grande revolución biológica desde el fin del Pleistoceno. Oleadas de plantas fueron diseminadas alrededor del globo, gracias a las navegaciones emprendidas por lusos e hispanos, y la Nueva España fue un escenario privilegiado para este acontecimiento. En este texto se examinaron 45 Relaciones geográficas que corresponden a la región Balsas-Jalisco, con el objetivo de conocer qué plantas se habían introducido hacia la década de 1580, y cuáles se habían incorporado a la vida cotidiana de las poblaciones nativas.

According to Alfred Crosby's proposals, in the 16th century the American continent experienced the greatest biological revolution since the end of the Pleistocene, as waves of plants were disseminated around the globe thanks to the sea-journeys undertaken by Portuguese and Spanish. New Spain became a privileged scenario for this grand event. This text examines 45 "Geographical Relations" from the Balsas-Jalisco region in order to identify the plants that had been introduced by the decade of 1580, and those that had been incorporated into the daily life of native populations., Selon les travaux d'Alfred Crosby, le continent américain a connu au XVIe siècle la plus grande révolution biologique depuis la fin du Pliocène. De grands contingents de plantes furent disséminés tout autour du globe grâce aux navigations des Portugais et des Espagnols, et la Nouvelle Espagne fut l'espace privilégié pour ce phénomène. Dans ce texte nous étudierons 45 Relaciones geográficas qui correspondent à la région Balsas-Jalisco, avec comme but, connaître quelles plantes furent introduites jusque dans les années 1580, et celles qui furent incorporées à la vie quotidienne des populations locales., Siguiendo el planteamiento de Alfred Crosby, el continente americano experimentó en el siglo XVI la más grande revolución biológica desde el fin del Pleistoceno. Oleadas de plantas fueron diseminadas alrededor del globo, gracias a las navegaciones emprendidas por lusos e hispanos, y la Nueva España fue un escenario privilegiado para este acontecimiento. En este texto se examinaron 45 Relaciones geográficas que corresponden a la región Balsas-Jalisco, con el objetivo de conocer qué plantas se habían introducido hacia la década de 1580, y cuáles se habían incorporado a la vida cotidiana de las poblaciones nativas.

[EN] From Catalonia and its neighbouring territories some poorly documented plants, as well as a few previously unrecorded taxa such as Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus, Euphorbia dentata, Muhlenbergia schreberi, Nephrolepis cordifolia, and Pennisetum clandestinum, are dealt with. Also some taxonomic notes regarding Agropyron cristatum var. pectiniforme, Festuca valesiaca and species of the genus Opuntia are presented., [ES] Se dan a conocer datos de plantas poco documentadas en Cataluña y los territorios colindantes, entre las cuales destacan algunas especies sin cita anterior, como Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus, Euphorbia dentata, Muhlenbergia schreberi, Nephrolepis cordifolia y Pennisetum clandestinum. Se ofrecen notas de interés taxonómico referentes a Agropyron cristatum var. pectiniforme, Festuca valesiaca y especies del género Opuntia.

Landscape level assessment of wildland fires, rare species and exotic plants: implications for fuels management and fire restoration treatments: Phase 3 Final Report (including 2006 Progress Report)

Interactions of wildfires and fuels treatments proximate to critical hotspots of rare and exotic species in the Southwest and southern Rocky Mountains

[ES] Algunos taxones no citados o poco citados en Cataluña, observados en los ultimas dos años, se presentan a continuación., [EN] In the following article some unrecorded or under-recorded taxa of vascular plants found in Catalonia are presented.

Fire and season of burn affect recruitment of the invasive exotic, potentilla recta

The spread of nonindigenous plants threatens biological diversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems through-out the United States. It imposes land management problems and costs to both public and private sectors. Spatial information on these species, such as where they occur, how much land they cover, and their range of spread, is currently managed by an array of independent and dissociated databases. Distribution information is instrumental for preventing and managing the spread of introduced plants. The Workshop on Databases for Nonindigenous Plants was organized in response to a need suggested by the Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW) to identify and pull together Federal and non-Federal programs involved in managing distribution data on nonindigenous plants. Twenty-two scientists and data managers assembled to present their programs and to discuss topics associated with the management of occurrence data. It is hoped that this gathering and associated catalog of databases may help promote interagency coordination in an effort to determine and track the expanding distribution of introduced plants.

The object of the present work has been to investigate, for one district of New Zealand, the sociological relations between the indigenous plant species and those introduced to the country by man. The result of the invasion of New Zealand by people of European origin, and by the plants and animals that they introduced, has been well described by Clark (1949: V) as "a revolutionary change in the character of a region, which occurred in a period of less than two centuries". From the botanical point of view, Cockayne (1928: 361) has said of the present situation: "There are two distinct areas, the one dominated by primitive New Zealand conditions and the other by such as approximate to those of Europe, while between these extremes is a gradual range of intermediates". Allan (1940: 7) has pointed out that: "A new flora and a new vegetation have come into being alongside of, intermingled with, or in place of the indigenous flora and vegetation". Cockayne's "two distinct areas" have been studied in some detail by New Zealand botanists. A great deal has been written about the indigenous communities on the one hand, and about the artificial (economic) communities of introduced plants on ths other. However, much less attention seems to have been paid to the consequences of the contact between the two floras and the two vegetations.

California experience with eucalyptus

Introduction of forage plants for seeding western ranges

Lohr MT, Keighery G (2016) The status and distribution of naturalised alien plants on the islands of the west coast of Western Australia. Conservation Science Western Australia 10: 1 [online]. Available here

Effects of Exotic Fuelwood Removal on Groundwater Levels in the Middle Rio Grande Bosque