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This research aims to analyze coffee shop digital marketing strategy through social media to increase product sales. The approach in this investigate may be a quantitative approach. The population in the study was 30 Coffee Shops in Medan City. Samples were taken randomly from as many as 30 Coffee Shops in Medan City. Theory testing in this inquire about path analysis. Theory testing in this inquire about path analysis. The research results show that digital marketing strategy has a significant effect on social media in Coffee Shops in Medan City. Digital marketing strategy has a significant effect on increase product sales in Coffee Shops in Medan City. Social media has a significant effect on increase product sales in Coffee Shops in Medan City. Digital marketing strategy has a significant effect on increase product sales through social media in Coffee Shops in Medan City.

Marine carbon cycle processes are important for taking up atmospheric CO2 thereby reducing climate change. Net primary and export production are important pathways of carbon from the surface to the deep ocean where it is stored for millennia. Climate change can interact with marine ecosystems via changes in the ocean stratification and ocean circulation. In this study we use results from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) to assess the effect of a changing climate on biological production and phytoplankton composition in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean. We find a shift in phytoplankton type dominance from diatoms to small phytoplankton which reduces net primary and export productivity. Using a conceptual carbon-cycle model forced with CESM2 results, we give a rough estimate of a positive phytoplankton composition-atmospheric CO2 feedback of approximately 60 GtCO2/°C warming in the North Atlantic which lowers the 1.5° and 2.0°C warming safe carbon budgets.

The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship that GDP growth may have with indicators such as ease of doing business, and perceptions of corruption, based on the positions of the World Bank, Doing Business, and Transparency International. The way of working on each relationship between the GDP and a studied variable was approached from quantitative research of descriptive-deductive type. The results show that the hypothesis that countries with greater ease of doing business, and lower perception of corruption are those with higher GDP growth is partially fulfilled; the analysis of the changes in the variables of the study determines two conclusions: 1) a deductive analysis, which allows concluding that there is a partial relationship between the variables studied and GDP growth and 2) a correlational analysis between the variables studied, versus the behavior of GDP with economic and political events, occurred in the countries located at the extremes of these figures (Colombia and UK), allowing identifying a result opposite to the deductive analysis., El propósito de este trabajo es establecer la relación que puede tener el crecimiento del producto interno bruto (PIB) con indicadores como la facilidad de hacer negocios y la percepción de corrupción, partiendo de las posturas del Banco Mundial, el Doing Business y Transparencia Internacional. La relación entre el PIB y cada variable estudiada se aborda desde una investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo-deductivo. Los resultados evidencian que se cumple parcialmente la hipótesis de que los países con una alta facilidad de hacer negocios y menor percepción de corrupción son los que tienen un mayor crecimiento en su PIB. Se determinan dos conclusiones: 1) el análisis deductivo indica que existe una relación parcial entre las variables examinadas y el crecimiento del PIB, aunque 2) el análisis correlacional entre los parámetros seleccionados y el comportamiento del PIB con acontecimientos económicos y políticos ocurridos en los países situados en los extremos de estas cifras (Colombia y Reino Unido) permite identificar una tendencia opuesta.

This paper reports a qualitative survey of experts in problem gaming and/or problem gambling from 19 countries worldwide on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on problematic gaming and gambling. Twenty-seven problem gaming experts reported (i) no licensing changes, (ii) few existing or newly introduced policies or regulations, (iii) overall increases in gaming, (iv) adverse health-related outcomes, (v) media coverage of gaming and eSports, (vi) limited health service capacity for treatment and prevention, (vii) difficulty in connecting with patients, and (viii) adaptations including transition to telemedicine. Twenty-eight problem gambling experts reported (i) no changes in policies or regulation, (ii) increased activity of off-shore betting companies, and (iii) increases in online gambling, though (iv) decreased expenditure due to closure of land-based gambling venues, (v) adverse health-related outcomes, (vi) some financial benefits from savings, (vii) few and poorly accessible treatment facilities and (viii) transition to telemedicine. There is a need for: guidelines on the prevention and management of excessive gaming and gambling; studies examining the public health consequences of eSports viewing and participation and closure of land-based gambling venues on other forms of gambling; and longitudinal studies in a number of different areas described herein.

Leprosy is a chronic, ancient, and communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), can damage skin and peripheral nerves.[1] In 1991, the 44th World Health Assembly set a target for the elimination of leprosy from the world as a public health problem by 2000. Elimination was defined as a prevalence of less than 1 case per 10 000 populations. [2] In 2019 WHO report reveal only 200 000 Leprosy cases were reported from 118 countries.[3] Timor Leste declared elimination of Leprosy as Public Health Problem in 2011, but soon after that Leprosy cases were increased again.[4] New case detection rate increased from 6.3 (2012) to 8.1 per 100,000 (2019).[5] The Majority (86,7%) of new cases were reported from 5 municipalities of Oecusse, Baucau, Dili, Manatuto, Ainaro .[6] Objectives: We conducted this study to identify contributing factors to the resurgence of Leprosy cases in the four Municipalities of Timor Leste. Cross-sectional Study with quantitative analytical approaches was used for this study. We enrolled 403 participants from 12 Community Health Centers in the 4 municipalities that reported high prevalence of Leprosy cases.About 68.5% of participants interviewed reported Leprosy cases, being male, mostly affected productive ages group, and with unknown income. Three health system components of stewardship, ICT, and Services Delivery were found to be associated with the resurgence of Leprosy cases. Delaying in making decision and delaying in accessing Leprosy care were contributing to the increased of Leprosy cases in the community. Leprosy patients experience high level of stigma and received less family and community support. Strengthening the active case finding with bacteriological confirmation by trained health professional; early commencing Rifampicin Preventive Therapy for close contacts; and engaging family and community in health promotion on Leprosy are important recommendations derived from this study. This study was conducted fro

Introduction. The Brachiaria ruziziensis is a tropical grass that is characterized by its high productive yield, demanding fertilization, which is why the objective was silvered. Evaluate the productive behavior of Brachiara ruziziensis to the application of 10-30-10 + urea and chicken manure, in Morona Canton. Methodology, the present work was developed at a height of 1016 meters above sea level, and an environmental temperature between 15 to 32 °C, whose meteorological conditions were 80% relative humidity, 3000 to 4000 mm of rainfall and 12 hours/ heliophany light; 192 m² of surface was used in which the cultivation of Brachiaria ruziziensis was established on which the treatments were applied: 100 kilograms of 10-30-10 + 200 kilograms of urea (T1); 10 Tm/ha of chicken manure (T2); compared to a control (T0), with five repetitions, which were distributed considering the mathematical model corresponding to the Completely Random Block Design, the crop information was: plant height at 90 days, daily height increase (cm) , weekly increase (cm), green forage production and dry matter. Results. Demonstrating that the application of 10 Tm/ha of chicken manure (T2) allowed to register a height of 106.47 ± 11.79 cm, and a green forage production of 19.20 ± 5.40 Tm/ha; Therefore, it is concluded that the use of 10Tm/ha of chicken manure allows a greater height and production of green forage from Brachiaria ruziziensis grass., Introdução. A Brachiaria ruziziensis é uma gramínea tropical que se caracteriza por seu alto rendimento produtivo, exigindo adubação, razão pela qual o objetivo foi prateado. Avaliar o comportamento produtivo de Brachiara ruziziensis à aplicação de 10-30-10 + uréia e esterco de galinha, no Cantão de Morona. Metodologia, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a uma altura de 1016 metros acima do nível do mar, e temperatura ambiente entre 15 a 32 °C, cujas condições meteorológicas foram de 80% de umidade relativa, 3000 a 4000 mm de chuva e 12 horas/ heliofania luz; Foram utilizados 192 m² de superfície onde se estabeleceu o cultivo de Brachiaria ruziziensis sobre os quais foram aplicados os tratamentos: 100 quilogramas de 10-30-10 + 200 quilogramas de uréia (T1); 10 Tm/ha de esterco de galinha (T2); comparado a uma testemunha (T0), com cinco repetições, que foram distribuídas considerando o modelo matemático correspondente ao Delineamento de Blocos Completamente Aleatórios, as informações da cultura foram: altura da planta aos 90 dias, aumento diário da altura (cm), aumento semanal (cm) , produção de forragem verde e matéria seca. Resultados. Demonstrando que a aplicação de 10 Tm/ha de esterco de galinha (T2) permitiu registrar uma altura de 106,47 ± 11,79 cm, e uma produção de forragem verde de 19,20 ± 5,40 Tm/ha; Portanto, conclui-se que a utilização de 10Tm/ha de esterco de galinha permite maior altura e produção de forragem verde a partir do capim Brachiaria ruziziensis, Introducción. La Brachiaria ruziziensis es una gramínea tropical que se caracteriza por su alto rendimiento productivo, exigente a la fertilización, razón por la que se plateó el objetivo. Evaluar el comportamiento productivo del Brachiara ruziziensis a la aplicación de l0-30-10 + urea y gallinaza, en el Cantón Morona. Metodología, el presente trabajo se desarrolló a una altura de 1016 metros sobre el nivel del mar, y una temperatura ambiental entre 15 a 32 °C, cuyas condiciones meteorológicas fueron 80 % de humedad relativa, 3000 a 4000 mm de pluviometría y 12 horas/luz de heliofanía; se utilizó 192 m² de superficie en el cual se estableció el cultivo de Brachiaria ruziziensis sobre el cual se aplicó los tratamientos: 100 kilogramos de 10-30-10 + 200 kilogramos de úrea (T1); 10 Tm/ha de gallinaza (T2); frente a un control (T0), con cinco repeticiones, los cuáles fueron distribuidos considerando el modelo matemático correspondiente al Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar, la información del cultivo fue: altura de planta a los 90 días, incremento diario de altura (cm), incremento semanal(cm), producción de forraje verde y materia seca. Resultados. Demostrándose que la aplicación de 10 Tm/ha de gallinaza (T2) permitió registrar una altura de 106,47 ± 11,79 cm, y una producción de forraje verde de 19,20 ± 5,40 Tm/ha; por lo que se concluye que la utilización de 10Tm/ha de gallinaza permite una mayor altura y producción de forraje verde del pasto Brachiaria ruziziensis.

Introduction. The Brachiaria ruziziensis is a tropical grass that is characterized by its high productive yield, demanding fertilization, which is why the objective was silvered. Evaluate the productive behavior of Brachiara ruziziensis to the application of 10-30-10 + urea and chicken manure, in Morona Canton. Methodology, the present work was developed at a height of 1016 meters above sea level, and an environmental temperature between 15 to 32 °C, whose meteorological conditions were 80% relative humidity, 3000 to 4000 mm of rainfall and 12 hours/ heliophany light; 192 m² of surface was used in which the cultivation of Brachiaria ruziziensis was established on which the treatments were applied: 100 kilograms of 10-30-10 + 200 kilograms of urea (T1); 10 Tm/ha of chicken manure (T2); compared to a control (T0), with five repetitions, which were distributed considering the mathematical model corresponding to the Completely Random Block Design, the crop information was: plant height at 90 days, daily height increase (cm) , weekly increase (cm), green forage production and dry matter. Results. Demonstrating that the application of 10 Tm/ha of chicken manure (T2) allowed to register a height of 106.47 ± 11.79 cm, and a green forage production of 19.20 ± 5.40 Tm/ha; Therefore, it is concluded that the use of 10Tm/ha of chicken manure allows a greater height and production of green forage from Brachiaria ruziziensis grass., Introdução. A Brachiaria ruziziensis é uma gramínea tropical que se caracteriza por seu alto rendimento produtivo, exigindo adubação, razão pela qual o objetivo foi prateado. Avaliar o comportamento produtivo de Brachiara ruziziensis à aplicação de 10-30-10 + uréia e esterco de galinha, no Cantão de Morona. Metodologia, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a uma altura de 1016 metros acima do nível do mar, e temperatura ambiente entre 15 a 32 °C, cujas condições meteorológicas foram de 80% de umidade relativa, 3000 a 4000 mm de chuva e 12 horas/ heliofania luz; Foram utilizados 192 m² de superfície onde se estabeleceu o cultivo de Brachiaria ruziziensis sobre os quais foram aplicados os tratamentos: 100 quilogramas de 10-30-10 + 200 quilogramas de uréia (T1); 10 Tm/ha de esterco de galinha (T2); comparado a uma testemunha (T0), com cinco repetições, que foram distribuídas considerando o modelo matemático correspondente ao Delineamento de Blocos Completamente Aleatórios, as informações da cultura foram: altura da planta aos 90 dias, aumento diário da altura (cm), aumento semanal (cm) , produção de forragem verde e matéria seca. Resultados. Demonstrando que a aplicação de 10 Tm/ha de esterco de galinha (T2) permitiu registrar uma altura de 106,47 ± 11,79 cm, e uma produção de forragem verde de 19,20 ± 5,40 Tm/ha; Portanto, conclui-se que a utilização de 10Tm/ha de esterco de galinha permite maior altura e produção de forragem verde a partir do capim Brachiaria ruziziensis, Introducción. La Brachiaria ruziziensis es una gramínea tropical que se caracteriza por su alto rendimiento productivo, exigente a la fertilización, razón por la que se plateó el objetivo. Evaluar el comportamiento productivo del Brachiara ruziziensis a la aplicación de l0-30-10 + urea y gallinaza, en el Cantón Morona. Metodología, el presente trabajo se desarrolló a una altura de 1016 metros sobre el nivel del mar, y una temperatura ambiental entre 15 a 32 °C, cuyas condiciones meteorológicas fueron 80 % de humedad relativa, 3000 a 4000 mm de pluviometría y 12 horas/luz de heliofanía; se utilizó 192 m² de superficie en el cual se estableció el cultivo de Brachiaria ruziziensis sobre el cual se aplicó los tratamientos: 100 kilogramos de 10-30-10 + 200 kilogramos de úrea (T1); 10 Tm/ha de gallinaza (T2); frente a un control (T0), con cinco repeticiones, los cuáles fueron distribuidos considerando el modelo matemático correspondiente al Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar, la información del cultivo fue: altura de planta a los 90 días, incremento diario de altura (cm), incremento semanal(cm), producción de forraje verde y materia seca. Resultados. Demostrándose que la aplicación de 10 Tm/ha de gallinaza (T2) permitió registrar una altura de 106,47 ± 11,79 cm, y una producción de forraje verde de 19,20 ± 5,40 Tm/ha; por lo que se concluye que la utilización de 10Tm/ha de gallinaza permite una mayor altura y producción de forraje verde del pasto Brachiaria ruziziensis.

This study seeks to analyze the role of the minimum wage in Colombia and the belief that it is sufficient to satisfy the basic needs of a family. It also notes the agreement that was developed for the 10.07% increase in the year 2022, along with the consequences of such an increase. Policies and reports from international organizations and legislation are consulted to compare them to the national ones in order to analyze and the Colombian situation in a more objective manner. The research methodology employed has been qualitative with a dogmatic approach, using a bibliographic review in open access databases and the revision of the national doctrine and jurisprudence, plus information from entities such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and others that were considered important for the analysis, as well as various journalistic articles that followed up on the social dialogue process at the end of 2021., O estudo tende a analisar a função do salário mínimo na Colômbia e a crença de que é suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades básicas de uma família. Também observa o acordo que foi desenvolvido para seu aumento de 10,07% no ano de 2022, juntamente com as consequências de tal aumento. Consultam-se políticas e relatórios de organizações internacionais e legislação em comparação com a nacional, para analisar a situação colombiana de maneira mais objetiva. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi qualitativa com abordagem dogmática, realizando a revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados de acesso aberto e a revisão da doutrina e jurisprudência nacionais, além de informações de entidades como o Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI), o Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística. (DANE) e outros, considerados importantes para a análise, bem como diversos artigos jornalísticos que deram seguimento ao processo de diálogo social no final de 2021., El estudio propende por analizar la función del salario mínimo en Colombia y la creencia de si es suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades básicas de una familia. También observa la concertación que se desarrolló para su incremento del 10.07% en el año 2022, junto con las consecuencias de tal aumento. Se consultan políticas e informes de organismos internacionales y legislaciones comparadas con la nacional, para analizar la situación colombiana de una manera más objetiva. La metodología de investigación empleada ha sido la cualitativa con enfoque dogmático, realizando la revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos de acceso abierto y la revisión de doctrina y jurisprudencia nacional, más información de entidades como el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y otras, que consideradas importantes para el análisis, así como diversos artículos periodísticos que le hicieron seguimiento al proceso de dialogo social de finales del año 2021.

In recent years, the increasing trend of Paraguay's public debt has become a recurring and concerning issue, particularly coinciding with the last years of the previous and current government's terms, as it has been observed that, despite criticism of the situation, borrowing has continued to increase without new strategies being established to generate or expand sources or lines of financing for public policies. Additionally, the accumulation of public debts will be inherited by future governments and generations, potentially restricting public financing options. Currently, the country is surviving the climate and economic crisis that began in 2019 and was exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and the first half of 2021, due to the health emergency and social crisis, in which pressure on deficient hospital services, patient referral to the private health sector, loss of human lives, employment and income in families, led the government to increase spending and public debt extraordinarily. In this work, we aim to present the results of the analysis of public debt in the long term from 2004 to 2021, in the context of greater stability and growth of the national economy (2004-2018), the crisis (2019-2020), and indications of current recovery. In these contexts, we seek to identify the characteristics of public debt, to reflect on persistent problems and alternative solutions., En los últimos años, la tendencia creciente de la deuda pública paraguaya se ha vuelto un tema recurrente y preocupante, en particular, en coincidencia con los últimos años del período del gobierno anterior y del actual, al constatarse que, a pesar de las críticas a dicha situación, se ha seguido aumentando el endeudamiento, sin que se establezcan nuevas estrategias para generar o ampliar fuentes o líneas de financiamiento de las políticas públicas. Además, la acumulación de deudas públicas será heredada a los gobiernos y generaciones futuras, pudiendo restringir las opciones de financiamiento público. En la actualidad, el país sobrevive a la crisis climática y económica iniciada en 2019 y agudizada con la pandemia del coronavirus en 2020 y el primer semestre de 2021, por la emergencia sanitaria y la crisis social, en la que la presión sobre los servicios hospitalarios deficitarios, la derivación de los pacientes al sector privado de la salud, la pérdida de vidas humanas, del empleo y del ingreso en las familias, llevó al gobierno a aumentar el gasto y la deuda pública de manera extraordinaria. En el presente trabajo, nos proponemos presentar los resultados del análisis de la deuda pública en el largo plazo 2004 – 2021, en el contexto de mayor estabilidad y crecimiento de la economía nacional (2004 – 2018); de la crisis (2019-2020), y los indicios de la recuperación actual. En dichos contextos buscamos identificar las características de la deuda pública, para reflexionar sobre los problemas persistentes y las alternativas de salida.

Leprosy is a chronic, ancient, and communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), can damage skin and peripheral nerves.[1] In 1991, the 44th World Health Assembly set a target for the elimination of leprosy from the world as a public health problem by 2000. Elimination was defined as a prevalence of less than 1 case per 10 000 populations. [2] In 2019 WHO report reveal only 200 000 Leprosy cases were reported from 118 countries.[3] Timor Leste declared elimination of Leprosy as Public Health Problem in 2011, but soon after that Leprosy cases were increased again.[4] New case detection rate increased from 6.3 (2012) to 8.1 per 100,000 (2019).[5] The Majority (86,7%) of new cases were reported from 5 municipalities of Oecusse, Baucau, Dili, Manatuto, Ainaro .[6] Objectives: We conducted this study to identify contributing factors to the resurgence of Leprosy cases in the four Municipalities of Timor Leste. Cross-sectional Study with quantitative analytical approaches was used for this study. We enrolled 403 participants from 12 Community Health Centers in the 4 municipalities that reported high prevalence of Leprosy cases.About 68.5% of participants interviewed reported Leprosy cases, being male, mostly affected productive ages group, and with unknown income. Three health system components of stewardship, ICT, and Services Delivery were found to be associated with the resurgence of Leprosy cases. Delaying in making decision and delaying in accessing Leprosy care were contributing to the increased of Leprosy cases in the community. Leprosy patients experience high level of stigma and received less family and community support. Strengthening the active case finding with bacteriological confirmation by trained health professional; early commencing Rifampicin Preventive Therapy for close contacts; and engaging family and community in health promotion on Leprosy are important recommendations derived from this study. This study was conducted fro

Background Cardiac Troponin (cTn) is the biochemical gold standard for diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI). We compared the Siemens ADVIA Centaur high-sensitivity (hs-cTnI) assay with the Siemens Ultra assay (cTnI-U). Methods Over 3 months cTnI-U and hs-cTnI were measured simultaneously at Herlev-Gentofte Hospital. Acute myocardial injury was diagnosed using the 4th universal definition. Disputed cases were adjudicated using clinical data. We compared diagnostic accuracy using area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. Outliers in between-assay differences were defined as a factor-5 difference and >= 1 measurement >40 ng/L. Patients with outlier differences were invited for re-sampling and tested with serial dilution and heterophilic blocking tubes. Results From the 18th January to the 20th April 2019, 4,369 samples on 2,658 patients were included. cTnI-U measured higher concentrations than hs-cTnI (mean 23%, -52-213%), resulting in a higher frequency of acute myocardial injury, 255 (9.6%) vs 203 (7.6%), p

BACKGROUNDThe capacity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to occur with delayed onset has been documented in several systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Neurobiological models of PTSD may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the progressive increase in PTSD symptoms over time as well as into occasional occurrences of long-delayed PTSD with few prodromal symptoms.AIMTo obtain an overview of key concepts explaining and types of evidence supporting neurobiological underpinnings of delayed PTSD.METHODSA scoping review of studies reporting neurobiological findings relevant to delayed PTSD was performed, which included 38 studies in the qualitative synthesis.RESULTSNeurobiological mechanisms underlying PTSD symptoms, onset, and course involve several interconnected systems. Neural mechanisms involve the neurocircuitry of fear, comprising several structures, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, that are amenable to time-dependent increases in activity through sensitization and kindling. Neural network models explain generalization of the fear response. Neuroendocrine mechanisms consist of autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis responses, both of which may be involved in sensitization to stress. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms are characterized by immune activation, which is sometimes due to the effects of traumatic brain injury. Finally, neurobehavioral/contextual mechanisms involve the effects of intervening stressors and mental and physical disorder comorbidities, and these may be particularly relevant in cases of long-delayed PTSD.CONCLUSIONThus, delayed PTSD may result from multiple underlying neurobiological mechanisms that may influence the likelihood of developing prodromal symptoms preceding the onset of full-blown PTSD.

Leprosy is a chronic, ancient, and communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), can damage skin and peripheral nerves.[1] In 1991, the 44th World Health Assembly set a target for the elimination of leprosy from the world as a public health problem by 2000. Elimination was defined as a prevalence of less than 1 case per 10 000 populations. [2] In 2019 WHO report reveal only 200 000 Leprosy cases were reported from 118 countries.[3] Timor Leste declared elimination of Leprosy as Public Health Problem in 2011, but soon after that Leprosy cases were increased again.[4] New case detection rate increased from 6.3 (2012) to 8.1 per 100,000 (2019).[5] The Majority (86,7%) of new cases were reported from 5 municipalities of Oecusse, Baucau, Dili, Manatuto, Ainaro .[6] Objectives: We conducted this study to identify contributing factors to the resurgence of Leprosy cases in the four Municipalities of Timor Leste. Cross-sectional Study with quantitative analytical approaches was used for this study. We enrolled 403 participants from 12 Community Health Centers in the 4 municipalities that reported high prevalence of Leprosy cases.About 68.5% of participants interviewed reported Leprosy cases, being male, mostly affected productive ages group, and with unknown income. Three health system components of stewardship, ICT, and Services Delivery were found to be associated with the resurgence of Leprosy cases. Delaying in making decision and delaying in accessing Leprosy care were contributing to the increased of Leprosy cases in the community. Leprosy patients experience high level of stigma and received less family and community support. Strengthening the active case finding with bacteriological confirmation by trained health professional; early commencing Rifampicin Preventive Therapy for close contacts; and engaging family and community in health promotion on Leprosy are important recommendations derived from this study. This study was conducted fro

BACKGROUNDThe capacity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to occur with delayed onset has been documented in several systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Neurobiological models of PTSD may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the progressive increase in PTSD symptoms over time as well as into occasional occurrences of long-delayed PTSD with few prodromal symptoms.AIMTo obtain an overview of key concepts explaining and types of evidence supporting neurobiological underpinnings of delayed PTSD.METHODSA scoping review of studies reporting neurobiological findings relevant to delayed PTSD was performed, which included 38 studies in the qualitative synthesis.RESULTSNeurobiological mechanisms underlying PTSD symptoms, onset, and course involve several interconnected systems. Neural mechanisms involve the neurocircuitry of fear, comprising several structures, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, that are amenable to time-dependent increases in activity through sensitization and kindling. Neural network models explain generalization of the fear response. Neuroendocrine mechanisms consist of autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis responses, both of which may be involved in sensitization to stress. Neuroinflammatory mechanisms are characterized by immune activation, which is sometimes due to the effects of traumatic brain injury. Finally, neurobehavioral/contextual mechanisms involve the effects of intervening stressors and mental and physical disorder comorbidities, and these may be particularly relevant in cases of long-delayed PTSD.CONCLUSIONThus, delayed PTSD may result from multiple underlying neurobiological mechanisms that may influence the likelihood of developing prodromal symptoms preceding the onset of full-blown PTSD.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that exhibits an extremely acid sensitive capsid. This acid lability is directly related to its mechanism of uncoating triggered by acidification inside cellular endosomes. Using a collection of FMDV mutants we have systematically analyzed the relationship between acid stability and the requirement for acidic endosomes using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), an inhibitor of endosome acidification. A FMDV mutant carrying two substitutions with opposite effects on acid-stability (VP3 A116V that reduces acid stability, and VP1 N17D that increases acid stability) displayed a rapid shift towards acid lability that resulted in increased resistance to NH4Cl as well as to concanamicyn A, a different lysosomotropic agent. This resistance could be explained by a higher ability of the mutant populations to produce NH4Cl-resistant variants, as supported by their tendency to accumulate mutations related to NH4Cl-resistance that was higher than that of the WT populations. Competition experiments also indicated that the combination of both amino acid substitutions promoted an increase of viral fitness that likely contributed to NH4Cl resistance. This study provides novel evidences supporting that the combination of mutations in a viral capsid can result in compensatory effects that lead to fitness gain, and facilitate space to an inhibitor of acid-dependent uncoating. Thus, although drug-resistant variants usually exhibit a reduction in viral fitness, our results indicate that compensatory mutations that restore this reduction in fitness can promote emergence of resistance mutants.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Given the panorama of the current Covid-19 pandemic, in countries where maternal health continues to be a concern of public policies and national agendas, preparation and response support is key in order to avoid an increase in deaths maternal. Recently and to date, it is known that pregnant women have a greater risk of becoming seriously ill and dying as a result of Covid-19, also, a greater risk of presenting other complications. The preventive care that can be provided to pregnant women to protect them from Covid-19 can prevent the contagion and spread of the disease, in addition to its complications. The objective of this study is to capture some generalities about the proper management of the pregnant woman that allows increasing preventive care during this Pandemic. The research model is a bibliographic documentary type review. It was found that pregnant women should adopt the same preventive measures as the rest of the population to avoid contagion. Patients must be classified into three groups: low-risk, high-risk and pregnant with Covid-19 positive, this in order to adapt both the measures and personal protective equipment and reduce infectivity, follow epidemiological recommendations and ensure the well-being of the mother and fetus. In conclusion, all regions of the world have developed, based on the knowledge of current pathways based on available evidence, good practices and recommendations from WHO and experts, different manuals, guides, recommendations, in order to provide the best care for pregnant women during this pandemic. It is essential that these guides are constantly updated according to the new developments that arise in this matter., Ante el panorama de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en países en los cuales la salud materna sigue siendo una preocupación de las políticas públicas y agendas nacionales, la preparación y el apoyo de respuesta es clave a fin de evitar un incremento de las muertes maternas. Recientemente y hasta la fecha, se conoce que las mujeres embarazadas presentan un mayor riesgo de enfermarse gravemente y morir a consecuencia del Covid-19, asimismo, un mayor riesgo de presentar otras complicaciones. Las atenciones preventivas que se puedan brindar a las embarazadas para protegerlas del Covid-19, puede evitar el contagio y la propagación de la enfermedad, además de sus complicaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar algunas generalidades acerca del manejo adecuado de la embarazada que permita aumentar las atenciones preventivas durante esta Pandemia. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que las embarazadas deben adoptar las mismas medidas preventivas que el resto de la población para evitar el contagio. Las pacientes deben ser clasificadas en tres grupos: embarazos de bajo riesgo, de alto riesgo y embarazadas con Covid-19 positivo, esto con la finalidad de adecuarlas tanto las medidas como los equipos de protección personal y disminuir la infectabilidad, seguir las recomendaciones epidemiológicas y asegurar el bienestar de la madre y el feto. En conclusión, todas las regiones del mundo han elaborado, con base a los conocimientos sobre la infección actual basados en la evidencia disponible, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones de la OMS y expertos, de diferentes manuales, guías y recomendaciones, con la finalidad de brindar la mejor atención a la embarazada durante esta pandemia. Es fundamental que estas guías se mantengan en constante actualización conforme a las novedades que surjan en esta materia.

Agriculture is expanding in tropical mountainous areas, yet its climatic effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigate how elevation regulates the biophysical climate impacts of deforestation over tropical mountainous areas by integrating satellite-observed forest cover changes into a high-resolution land-atmosphere coupled model. We show that recent forest conversion between 2000 and 2014 increased the regional warming by 0.022 +/- 0.002 degrees C in the Southeast Asian Massif, 0.010 +/- 0.007 degrees C in the Barisan Mountains (Maritime Southeast Asia), 0.042 +/- 0.010 degrees C in the Serra da Espinhaco (South America) and 0.047 +/- 0.008 degrees C in the Albertine Rift mountains (Africa) during the local dry season. The deforestation-driven local temperature anomaly can reach up to 2 degrees C where forest conversion is extensive. The warming from mountain deforestation depends on elevation, through the intertwined and opposing effects of increased albedo causing cooling and decreased evapotranspiration causing warming. As the elevation increases, the albedo effect increases in importance and the warming effect decreases, analogous to previously highlighted decreases of deforestation-induced warming with increasing latitude. As most new croplands are encroaching lands at low to moderate elevations, deforestation produces higher warming from suppressed evapotranspiration. Impacts of this additional warming on crop yields, land degradation and biodiversity of nearby intact ecosystems should be incorporated into future assessments.Deforestation causes elevation-dependent warming over tropical mountain regions, according to high-resolution climate simulations.

This paper makes analyses of the prospects of development of innovative activity and their influence on increase of economic potential of the enterprise. On this case, research has been investigated both methodologically and theoretically. Finally, analyses show outcomes and shortcomings of the issue with development of innovative activity and their influence on increase of economic potential of the enterprise.

This paper makes analyses of the prospects of development of innovative activity and their influence on increase of economic potential of the enterprise. On this case, research has been investigated both methodologically and theoretically. Finally, analyses show outcomes and shortcomings of the issue with development of innovative activity and their influence on increase of economic potential of the enterprise.

[ES] Aunque este experimento ya se había estudiado de antemano, se encontraron algunas irregularidades, por lo que en este nuevo estudio se han resuelto algunas de ellas, y también en condiciones más realistas, ya que el banco de pruebas tiene un tamaño más cercano a la realidad. El objetivo de este estudio del mecanismo de excitación de una onda de gravedad giratoria es ver cómo se comporta, cómo se desarrolla la onda a lo largo del tiempo, cómo varían las amplitudes según las variables fijas y comparar los resultados. El aumento de la amplitud en función del tiempo y la disminución del número de ondas que giran en la superficie se han estudiado en tres casos. Manteniendo como una constante durante todo el experimento la diferencia de altura entre el agua en calma y el disco giratorio sobre ella, se han comparado las velocidades de 500, 600 y 700 revoluciones por minuto. Como resultado, se puede lograr una comprensión más profunda, que también puede ser ventajosa para los problemas con las plantas de energía de almacenamiento por bombeo., [EN] Even though this experiment was already studied beforehand, some irregularities were found so in this new study some of them have been solved, and also in more realistic conditions as the testing bench has a size closer to the reality. The aim of this study of the excitation mechanism of a revolving gravity wave is to see how it behaves, how the wave develops among the time, how the amplitudes vary depending on some variables fixed and compare the results. The increasement of the amplitude versus the time and the decreasing of the number of waves rotating in the surface have been studied in three cases. Keeping as a constant during all the experiment the height difference between the calm water and the rotating disc above it, the speeds of 500, 600 and 700 revolutions per minute have been compared. As a result, a deeper understanding can be achieved, which can also be advantageous for problems with pumping storage power plants.

[ES] Aunque este experimento ya se había estudiado de antemano, se encontraron algunas irregularidades, por lo que en este nuevo estudio se han resuelto algunas de ellas, y también en condiciones más realistas, ya que el banco de pruebas tiene un tamaño más cercano a la realidad. El objetivo de este estudio del mecanismo de excitación de una onda de gravedad giratoria es ver cómo se comporta, cómo se desarrolla la onda a lo largo del tiempo, cómo varían las amplitudes según las variables fijas y comparar los resultados. El aumento de la amplitud en función del tiempo y la disminución del número de ondas que giran en la superficie se han estudiado en tres casos. Manteniendo como una constante durante todo el experimento la diferencia de altura entre el agua en calma y el disco giratorio sobre ella, se han comparado las velocidades de 500, 600 y 700 revoluciones por minuto. Como resultado, se puede lograr una comprensión más profunda, que también puede ser ventajosa para los problemas con las plantas de energía de almacenamiento por bombeo., [EN] Even though this experiment was already studied beforehand, some irregularities were found so in this new study some of them have been solved, and also in more realistic conditions as the testing bench has a size closer to the reality. The aim of this study of the excitation mechanism of a revolving gravity wave is to see how it behaves, how the wave develops among the time, how the amplitudes vary depending on some variables fixed and compare the results. The increasement of the amplitude versus the time and the decreasing of the number of waves rotating in the surface have been studied in three cases. Keeping as a constant during all the experiment the height difference between the calm water and the rotating disc above it, the speeds of 500, 600 and 700 revolutions per minute have been compared. As a result, a deeper understanding can be achieved, which can also be advantageous for problems with pumping storage power plants.

[ES] Aunque este experimento ya se había estudiado de antemano, se encontraron algunas irregularidades, por lo que en este nuevo estudio se han resuelto algunas de ellas, y también en condiciones más realistas, ya que el banco de pruebas tiene un tamaño más cercano a la realidad. El objetivo de este estudio del mecanismo de excitación de una onda de gravedad giratoria es ver cómo se comporta, cómo se desarrolla la onda a lo largo del tiempo, cómo varían las amplitudes según las variables fijas y comparar los resultados. El aumento de la amplitud en función del tiempo y la disminución del número de ondas que giran en la superficie se han estudiado en tres casos. Manteniendo como una constante durante todo el experimento la diferencia de altura entre el agua en calma y el disco giratorio sobre ella, se han comparado las velocidades de 500, 600 y 700 revoluciones por minuto. Como resultado, se puede lograr una comprensión más profunda, que también puede ser ventajosa para los problemas con las plantas de energía de almacenamiento por bombeo., [EN] Even though this experiment was already studied beforehand, some irregularities were found so in this new study some of them have been solved, and also in more realistic conditions as the testing bench has a size closer to the reality. The aim of this study of the excitation mechanism of a revolving gravity wave is to see how it behaves, how the wave develops among the time, how the amplitudes vary depending on some variables fixed and compare the results. The increasement of the amplitude versus the time and the decreasing of the number of waves rotating in the surface have been studied in three cases. Keeping as a constant during all the experiment the height difference between the calm water and the rotating disc above it, the speeds of 500, 600 and 700 revolutions per minute have been compared. As a result, a deeper understanding can be achieved, which can also be advantageous for problems with pumping storage power plants.

(1) Background: Children in South Africa experience significant impacts from road injury due to the high frequency of road crashes and the low uptake of road safety measures (including the use of appropriate child restraints). The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of a child restraint program and to describe factors influencing child restraint use from the perspectives of clinicians, representatives of non-government agencies, and academics in Cape Town, South Africa. (2) Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 experts from government, academic and clinical backgrounds. Findings were analyzed using the COM-B component of the Behaviour Change Wheel and were grouped by the layers of the social-ecological model (individual, relational, community and societal). (COM-B is a framework to explain behaviour change which has three key components; capability, opportunity and motivation), (3) Results: Experts believed that there was a need for a child restraint program that should be staged and multifactorial. Participants described knowledge gaps, perceptions of risk, mixed motivations and limited enforcement of child restraint legislation as key influences of restraint use. (4) Conclusions: The results demonstrate potential areas on which to focus interventions to increase child restraint use in Cape Town, South Africa. However, this will require a coordinated and consistent response across stakeholder groups.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of clinical variation has attracted increasing interest in health systems internationally due to growing awareness about better value and appropriate health care as a mechanism for enhancing efficient, effective and timely care. Feedback using administrative databases to provide benchmarking data has been utilised in several countries to explore clinical care variation and to enhance guideline adherent care. Whilst methods for detecting variation are well-established, methods for determining variation that is unwarranted and addressing this are strongly debated. This study aimed to synthesize published evidence of the use of feedback approaches to address unwarranted clinical variation (UCV). METHODS: A rapid review and narrative evidence synthesis was undertaken as a policy-focused review to understand how feedback approaches have been applied to address UCV specifically. Key words, synonyms and subject headings were used to search the major electronic databases Medline and PubMed between 2000 and 2018. Titles and abstracts of publications were screened by two reviewers and independently checked by a third reviewer. Full text articles were screened against the eligibility criteria. Key findings were extracted and integrated in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Feedback approaches that occurred over a duration of 1 month to 9 years to address clinical variation emerged from 27 publications with quantitative (20), theoretical/conceptual/descriptive work (4) and mixed or multi-method studies (3). Approaches ranged from presenting evidence to individuals, teams and organisations, to providing facilitated tailored feedback supported by a process of ongoing dialogue to enable change. Feedback approaches identified primarily focused on changing clinician decision-making and behaviour. Providing feedback to clinicians was identified, in a range of a settings, as associated with changes in variation such as reducing overuse of tests and tr

This paper makes analyses of the prospects of development of innovative activity and their influence on increase of economic potential of the enterprise. On this case, research has been investigated both methodologically and theoretically. Finally, analyses show outcomes and shortcomings of the issue with development of innovative activity and their influence on increase of economic potential of the enterprise.

In terms of the economic development of a nation it cannot be separated from economic activities that are stable in a country, on the other hand it is undeniable that now the world is struggling against the Covid-19 pandemic which is known together with all countries is intensively making movements aimed at Minimizing the spread of the corona virus, recorded based on data from the Google news site related to the development of Covid-19 cases throughout the country, the total cases worldwide were recorded at 50,794,593 with cases of patients dying as many as 1,262,199 Various policies were created by the government in order to attract the attention of foreign investors to enter Indonesia to invest, one of which is the open door policy to improve the country's economy after the Covid-19 pandemic in the future

The grey seal became locally extinct in the southern Baltic Sea, Danish Straits and Kattegat in the early 1900s after prolonged culling campaigns. Here, we combine national monitoring and anecdotal data from Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Poland to report on the grey seal's recolonisation of those areas and the initial reestablishment of breeding colonies. Grey seal occurrence has steadily increased since year 2003 as evidenced by the coordinated Baltic Sea moult censuses. At the first census in 2003, there were 146 grey seals along the southern Baltic coasts of Sweden and Denmark, ca 1% of the total Baltic Sea population count. Since 2015, this has increased to 2000-2600 grey seals, or ca 7% of the total population count. Since the local extinction, there have been sporadic breeding events in the 1940s on sea ice around Bornholm and in the 1980s and 1990s on haul-outs in Kattegat. In 2003, the first two pups in the southern Baltic Sea were recorded at Rodsand, Denmark. This is to date the only site in the southern Baltic Sea with regular annual pupping since the recolonisation. Since 2000, there have also been sporadic breeding events in Danish Kattegat, southern Sweden, Poland and Germany. At Rodsand, there have been at least 3-10 pups recorded every year since initiation of monitoring in 2011, with an increasing tendency until 2017 with 10 pups counted, which subsequently decreased to 5-6 pups annually in 2018-2020. Compared to recolonising events in the Atlantic, the numbers of pups are low. This may be caused by differences in population dynamics, recolonisation distances, habitat and mortality and effects of rehabilitation programmes. It is likely that the breeding distribution will spread throughout the southern Baltic, Danish Straits and Kattegat if appropriate protection measures of seals and haul-outs are installed.

Water regulation and purification (WR) function is defined as "the capacity of the soil to remove harmful compounds and the capacity of the soil to receive, store and conduct water for subsequent use and to prevent droughts, flooding and erosion." It is a crucial function that society expects agricultural soils to deliver, contributing to quality water supply for human needs and in particular for ensuring food security. The complexity of processes involved and the intricate tradeoff with other necessary soil functions requires decision support tools for best management of WR function. However, the effects of farm and soil management practices on the delivery of the WR function has not been fully addressed by decision support tools for farmers. This work aimed to develop a decision support model for the management of the WR function performed by agricultural soils. The specific objectives of this paper were (i) to construct a qualitative decision support model to assess the water regulation and purification capacity of agricultural soils at field level, to (ii) conduct sensitivity analysis of the model; and (iii) to validate the model with independent empirical data. The developed decision support model for WR is a hierarchical qualitative model with 5 levels and has 27 basic attributes describing the soil (S), environment (E), and management (M) attributes of the field site to be assessed. The WR model is composed of 3 sub-models concerning (1) soil water storage, (2) P and sediment loss in runoff, and (3) N leaching in percolating water. The WR decision support model was validated using a representative dataset of 94 field sites from across Europe and had an overall accuracy of 75% when compared to the empirically derived values across these sites. This highly accurate, reliable, and useful decision support model for assessing the capacity of agricultural soils to perform the WR function can be used by farmers and advisors help manage and protect their soil reso

The grey seal became locally extinct in the southern Baltic Sea, Danish Straits and Kattegat in the early 1900s after prolonged culling campaigns. Here, we combine national monitoring and anecdotal data from Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Poland to report on the grey seal's recolonisation of those areas and the initial reestablishment of breeding colonies. Grey seal occurrence has steadily increased since year 2003 as evidenced by the coordinated Baltic Sea moult censuses. At the first census in 2003, there were 146 grey seals along the southern Baltic coasts of Sweden and Denmark, ca 1% of the total Baltic Sea population count. Since 2015, this has increased to 2000-2600 grey seals, or ca 7% of the total population count. Since the local extinction, there have been sporadic breeding events in the 1940s on sea ice around Bornholm and in the 1980s and 1990s on haul-outs in Kattegat. In 2003, the first two pups in the southern Baltic Sea were recorded at Rodsand, Denmark. This is to date the only site in the southern Baltic Sea with regular annual pupping since the recolonisation. Since 2000, there have also been sporadic breeding events in Danish Kattegat, southern Sweden, Poland and Germany. At Rodsand, there have been at least 3-10 pups recorded every year since initiation of monitoring in 2011, with an increasing tendency until 2017 with 10 pups counted, which subsequently decreased to 5-6 pups annually in 2018-2020. Compared to recolonising events in the Atlantic, the numbers of pups are low. This may be caused by differences in population dynamics, recolonisation distances, habitat and mortality and effects of rehabilitation programmes. It is likely that the breeding distribution will spread throughout the southern Baltic, Danish Straits and Kattegat if appropriate protection measures of seals and haul-outs are installed.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of simple KIT-based media in improving student learning achievement in dynamic electricity material. The sample used was the students of class grade 12 of IPA-3 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Mojokerto, totaling 35 students. The type of research used is research development (Research and Development). The research data were obtained from questionnaire responses during learning and the results of the pre-test and post-test. The questionnaire's responses were as many as 85.14% of students who thought that the development of KIT-based learning media was very effective in using dynamic electricity learning. Moreover, as many as 14.85% think that KIT-based learning media is creative and interactive learning and is an additional supplement in the teaching and learning process. From the test results given to students, there was a significant increase in students' achievements. This indicator can be seen from the t count value is smaller than the t table (t count

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of simple KIT-based media in improving student learning achievement in dynamic electricity material. The sample used was the students of class grade 12 of IPA-3 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Mojokerto, totaling 35 students. The type of research used is research development (Research and Development). The research data were obtained from questionnaire responses during learning and the results of the pre-test and post-test. The questionnaire's responses were as many as 85.14% of students who thought that the development of KIT-based learning media was very effective in using dynamic electricity learning. Moreover, as many as 14.85% think that KIT-based learning media is creative and interactive learning and is an additional supplement in the teaching and learning process. From the test results given to students, there was a significant increase in students' achievements. This indicator can be seen from the t count value is smaller than the t table (t count

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of simple KIT-based media in improving student learning achievement in dynamic electricity material. The sample used was the students of class grade 12 of IPA-3 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Mojokerto, totaling 35 students. The type of research used is research development (Research and Development). The research data were obtained from questionnaire responses during learning and the results of the pre-test and post-test. The questionnaire's responses were as many as 85.14% of students who thought that the development of KIT-based learning media was very effective in using dynamic electricity learning. Moreover, as many as 14.85% think that KIT-based learning media is creative and interactive learning and is an additional supplement in the teaching and learning process. From the test results given to students, there was a significant increase in students' achievements. This indicator can be seen from the t count value is smaller than the t table (t count

Objective Effective communication is fundamental to helping patients change behaviour. Few studies have operationalised how to quantify and improve the patient centeredness of communication during the dietitian outpatient consultation. We sought to evaluate the impact of a renal diet question prompt sheet (QPS) on patient centeredness (PC) in dietitian outpatient clinics and describe the impact of a renal diet QPS on the volume and pattern of communication between dietitians (n = 4) and patients/carers (n = 24, n = 11). Methods The Roter Interaction Analysis System was used to compute a PC index, the volume communication (number of questions and utterances) and categorise dietitian communication. Results The QPS was associated with significant improvements in the PC of communication (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001), without increasing the volume of communication. The QPS was also associated with an increase in the total number of questions asked (p < 0.0001) especially from patients (p = 0.0009); and an increase in the volume of communication devoted to education and counselling (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study describes a promising intervention to increase the patient centeredness of dietetic consultations in an outpatient setting. Practice implications Whilst simple in design, the use of a QPS had a large effect on how patients and carers interact with the dietitian in the outpatient setting.