Search

The term another type of connection occurs in several areas of Swedish family laws that concern conflict of laws. The purpose of this text is to define the meaning of this term. Another type of connection has been added to the legislation to be a different possible form of connection to ensure the individual’s opportunity to get their question tried, and a foreign decision recognised, within the Swedish system. The term another type of connec-tion function as an extension of the terms of domicile and nationality. Another type of connection appears in the Swedish laws IFL and IÄL; these two legislations are the focus of the discussion in this text. The term was added to the legislation after a time when the Swedish legislation regarding conflict of laws in the area of family law had been very restricted to only using nationality as a possible connecting factor. This restriction resulted in particular challenges for the judiciary system to define an individual’s con-nection to the state where the decision-making court resides. These challenges form the basis for the reasoning behind adding the term another type of connection to the legislation. Another type of connection has been added to the legislation as a safety feature to prevent situations of denial of justice. The term is intended to be used in only rare cases where the individual’s rights otherwise are threatened. However, it may be concluded that the meaning of the term another type of connection is still unclear, and the Swedish judiciary system must define this more clearly., Begreppet annan anknytning förekommer som anknytningsbegrepp i delar av den internationella privat- och processrätten som berör familjerätten. Syftet med texten är att definiera innebörden av annan anknytning. Begreppet har införts i lagstiftningen som ett extra möjligt anknytningsmoment för att säkerställa individens rätt till att få sin sak prövad, samt att få ett utländskt domslut erkänt alternativt verkställt, i Sverige. Begreppet annan anknytning existerar som en sorts förlängning utav begreppen hemvist och medborgarskap. Annan anknytning förekommer bland annat i IFL och IÄL och det är dessa två lagstiftningar som utgör utgångspunkten för diskussionen. Annan anknytning fördes in i lagtexten efter en tid då den svenska internationella privat- och processrätten på familjerättens område varit begränsad till att använda endast medborgarskapet som anknytningsmöjlighet. Detta innebar att rättsväsendets aktörer ställts inför vissa utmaningar gällande avgörandet av en individs anknytning till domstolslandet. Det är dessa utmaningar som i sin tur har skapat grunden för införandet av annan anknytning i lagtexten. Annan anknytning har därmed adderats i lagtexten som en ventil för rättstillämparen att använda i ovanliga fall där individens rättigheter är hotade. Exempel på sådana fall är när det finns risk för rättsvägran. Dock kan slutsatsen dras att innebörden av annan anknytning är oklar och att vidare arbete från det svenska rättssystemets aktörer krävs för att rättsläget ska förtydligas.

This thesis aims to examine the Swedish regulation regarding recognition of child marriages concluded abroad, and its coherence with the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU. Since an amendment to the Swedish law, which became effective on January 1st 2019, marriages concluded abroad by people, who at the time of their marriage were below the age of 18, will not be recognised in Sweden unless there are exceptional circumstances. If the person is still under the age of 18 when the question of recognition arises there are no exceptions to the non-recognition. This can be seen as a continuation of a development restricting the rules of recognition of child marriages that has been shaping the legislation for the last 20 years. According to the legislative history, the new amendment to the law aims to protect the child from marriage, treat all children equally, independent of their origin, as well as make Sweden a role model in the international community regarding child marriages. These objectives can all be questioned. The two first-mentioned objectives will most likely not be fulfilled by this legislation. The European Convention on Human Rights protects, among other rights, the right to marry, the right to not be discriminated against and the right to family life. The Swedish law leaves small room for exceptions. This makes it questionable whether Swedish regulation fulfils the demands of the proportionality principle, which is a fundamental principle of the European Convention of Human Rights. In the EU, the rules of marriageable age differ between different countries. Most countries allow people below the age of 18 to get married with the consent of either the authorities or their parents. In the Swedish regulation there are no exceptions for EU citizens. This means that the Swedish regulation might be in conflict with the rules on free movement as well as the principle of mutual recognition. The conclusions drawn are that on the basis of the purpos

Die 3D-Gestaltungsfreiheit der Additiven Fertigung kann auch im Elektromaschinenbau vorteilhaft zur Funktionsintegration oder zur Erhöhung des Leichtbaugrads genutzt werden. Dies wird in der vorliegenden Dissertation am Beispiel von Rotoren permanentmagneterregter Synchronmaschinen erforscht. Da im Fall massiver Rotoren insbesondere im Bereich der Rotoroberfläche Wirbelstromverluste zu erwarten sind, wird zunächst der Ansatz diskutiert, ebendiese Wirbelstromeffekte durch gezieltes Schraffieren der Rotoroberfläche zu unterdrücken. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Gestaltung des Rotors für die Additive Fertigung, wobei insbesondere der weichmagnetische Rotorteil so gestaltet wird, dass eine Schrägungswirkung erzielt wird und gleichzeitig die Magnettaschen axial gerade verbleiben. Die Auswirkung dieser Art der Schrägung wird dabei ausführlich diskutiert und die Erkenntnisse messtechnisch validiert, um daraus letztlich Handlungsempfehlungen zur vorteilhaften Gestaltung von additiv gefertigten Rotoren abzuleiten.

This thesis aims to examine the Swedish regulation regarding recognition of child marriages concluded abroad, and its coherence with the European Convention on Human Rights and the EU. Since an amendment to the Swedish law, which became effective on January 1st 2019, marriages concluded abroad by people, who at the time of their marriage were below the age of 18, will not be recognised in Sweden unless there are exceptional circumstances. If the person is still under the age of 18 when the question of recognition arises there are no exceptions to the non-recognition. This can be seen as a continuation of a development restricting the rules of recognition of child marriages that has been shaping the legislation for the last 20 years. According to the legislative history, the new amendment to the law aims to protect the child from marriage, treat all children equally, independent of their origin, as well as make Sweden a role model in the international community regarding child marriages. These objectives can all be questioned. The two first-mentioned objectives will most likely not be fulfilled by this legislation. The European Convention on Human Rights protects, among other rights, the right to marry, the right to not be discriminated against and the right to family life. The Swedish law leaves small room for exceptions. This makes it questionable whether Swedish regulation fulfils the demands of the proportionality principle, which is a fundamental principle of the European Convention of Human Rights. In the EU, the rules of marriageable age differ between different countries. Most countries allow people below the age of 18 to get married with the consent of either the authorities or their parents. In the Swedish regulation there are no exceptions for EU citizens. This means that the Swedish regulation might be in conflict with the rules on free movement as well as the principle of mutual recognition. The conclusions drawn are that on the basis of the purpos

Die 3D-Gestaltungsfreiheit der Additiven Fertigung kann auch im Elektromaschinenbau vorteilhaft zur Funktionsintegration oder zur Erhöhung des Leichtbaugrads genutzt werden. Dies wird in der vorliegenden Dissertation am Beispiel von Rotoren permanentmagneterregter Synchronmaschinen erforscht. Da im Fall massiver Rotoren insbesondere im Bereich der Rotoroberfläche Wirbelstromverluste zu erwarten sind, wird zunächst der Ansatz diskutiert, ebendiese Wirbelstromeffekte durch gezieltes Schraffieren der Rotoroberfläche zu unterdrücken. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Gestaltung des Rotors für die Additive Fertigung, wobei insbesondere der weichmagnetische Rotorteil so gestaltet wird, dass eine Schrägungswirkung erzielt wird und gleichzeitig die Magnettaschen axial gerade verbleiben. Die Auswirkung dieser Art der Schrägung wird dabei ausführlich diskutiert und die Erkenntnisse messtechnisch validiert, um daraus letztlich Handlungsempfehlungen zur vorteilhaften Gestaltung von additiv gefertigten Rotoren abzuleiten.