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Geographic Information Systems and Network Information Systems are important tools for our society, used for handling geographic spatial data and large information networks. It is therefore important to make sure such tools are of high quality. GIS/NIS applications typically deal with a lot of data, possibly resulting in heavy loads of network traffic. This work aims to evaluate two different communications protocols and serialization formats for client-server communications efficiency in GIS/NIS applications. Specifically, these are HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Object Serialization and Google's Protocol Buffers. They were each implemented directly into a commercial GIS/NIS environment and evaluated by measuring two signature server calls in the system. Metrics that were examined are call duration, HTTP overhead size and HTTP payload size. The results suggest that HTTP/2 and Google's Protocol Buffers outperform HTTP/1.1 and Java Object Serialization respectively. An 87% decrease in HTTP overhead size was achieved when switching from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/2. The HTTP payload size is also shown to decrease with the use of Protocol Buffers rather than Java Object Serialization, especially for communications where data consist of many different object types. Concerning call duration, the results suggest that the choice of communications protocol is more significant than the choice of serialization format for communications containing little data, while the opposite is true for communications containing much data., Geografiska informationssystem och nätverksinformationssystem är viktiga redskap för vårt samhälle, vilka används för hantering av geografisk data och stora informationsnätverk. Det är därför viktigt att se till att sådana system är av hög kvalitet. GIS/NIS-applikationer behandlar vanligtvis stora mängder data, vilket kan resultera i mycket nätverkstrafik. I det här arbetet utvärderas två olika kommunikationsprotokoll och serialiseringsformat för kommunikationseffektivitet mellan klient och server i GIS/NIS-applikationer. Specifikt är dessa HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Objektserialisering och Googles Protocol Buffers. De implementerades var och en i en kommersiell GIS/NIS-miljö och utvärderades genom mätningar av två signaturanrop i systemet. De aspekter som observerades är kommunikationstiden, mängden HTTP-overhead och mängden HTTP-payload. Resultaten tyder på att HTTP/2 och Googles Protocol Buffers presterar bättre än HTTP/1.1 respektive Java Objektserialisering. En 87% minskning av mängden HTTP overhead uppnåddes då HTTP/1.1 ersattes med HTTP/2. En minskning av mängden HTTP payload observeras också med användning av Protocol Buffers snarare än Java Objektserialisering, särskilt för kommunikationer där data innehåller många olika objekttyper. Gällande kommunikationstiden tyder resultaten på att valet av kommunikationsprotokoll påverkar mer än valet av serialiseringsformat för kommunikationer med små mängder data, medan motsatsen gäller för kommunikationer med mycket data.

Geographic Information Systems and Network Information Systems are important tools for our society, used for handling geographic spatial data and large information networks. It is therefore important to make sure such tools are of high quality. GIS/NIS applications typically deal with a lot of data, possibly resulting in heavy loads of network traffic. This work aims to evaluate two different communications protocols and serialization formats for client-server communications efficiency in GIS/NIS applications. Specifically, these are HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Object Serialization and Google's Protocol Buffers. They were each implemented directly into a commercial GIS/NIS environment and evaluated by measuring two signature server calls in the system. Metrics that were examined are call duration, HTTP overhead size and HTTP payload size. The results suggest that HTTP/2 and Google's Protocol Buffers outperform HTTP/1.1 and Java Object Serialization respectively. An 87% decrease in HTTP overhead size was achieved when switching from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/2. The HTTP payload size is also shown to decrease with the use of Protocol Buffers rather than Java Object Serialization, especially for communications where data consist of many different object types. Concerning call duration, the results suggest that the choice of communications protocol is more significant than the choice of serialization format for communications containing little data, while the opposite is true for communications containing much data., Geografiska informationssystem och nätverksinformationssystem är viktiga redskap för vårt samhälle, vilka används för hantering av geografisk data och stora informationsnätverk. Det är därför viktigt att se till att sådana system är av hög kvalitet. GIS/NIS-applikationer behandlar vanligtvis stora mängder data, vilket kan resultera i mycket nätverkstrafik. I det här arbetet utvärderas två olika kommunikationsprotokoll och serialiseringsformat för kommunikationseffektivitet mellan klient och server i GIS/NIS-applikationer. Specifikt är dessa HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Objektserialisering och Googles Protocol Buffers. De implementerades var och en i en kommersiell GIS/NIS-miljö och utvärderades genom mätningar av två signaturanrop i systemet. De aspekter som observerades är kommunikationstiden, mängden HTTP-overhead och mängden HTTP-payload. Resultaten tyder på att HTTP/2 och Googles Protocol Buffers presterar bättre än HTTP/1.1 respektive Java Objektserialisering. En 87% minskning av mängden HTTP overhead uppnåddes då HTTP/1.1 ersattes med HTTP/2. En minskning av mängden HTTP payload observeras också med användning av Protocol Buffers snarare än Java Objektserialisering, särskilt för kommunikationer där data innehåller många olika objekttyper. Gällande kommunikationstiden tyder resultaten på att valet av kommunikationsprotokoll påverkar mer än valet av serialiseringsformat för kommunikationer med små mängder data, medan motsatsen gäller för kommunikationer med mycket data.

Överföring eller mottagande av datorfiler är en syssla som de flesta av oss ägnar ossåt regelbundet i ett eller annat sammanhang, oavsett om det sker privat eller om detär arbetsrelaterat. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) är ett protokoll för just detta ändamålsom lanserades under tiden då persondatorer hade blivit allt vanligare i hemmetoch på arbetsplatsen. Sedan dess har flera andra protokoll introducerats och i dagslägetfinns det flertalet valmöjligheter tillgängliga, alla med sina unika såväl som gemensammaegenskaper. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) kompletterad medMIME-standarden är ett populärt alternativ till de renodlade filöverföringsprotokollenpå grund av användarnas bekantskap och tidigare erfarenheter med e-posttjänster.Att skicka och ta emot filer via e-post innebär dock vissa begränsningar samt att vissasäkerhetsaspekter måste tas i beaktande, i synnerhet för företagsanvändare som dagin och dag ut måste hantera känslig data. I denna uppsats har tre olika filöverföringsprotokoll(SFTP, SMTP och HTTP) utvärderats ur ett användarvänlighetsperspektivsåväl som ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Resultatet indikerar att HTTP(S) tillsammans meduttökningen WebDAV kan anses vara ett lämpligt alternativ för organisationer somsamtidigt är enkelt att använda. De övriga protokollen, SMTP och SFTP, har ocksåsina användningsområden där SFTP verkar vara mer tilltalande för avanceradeanvändare och där SMTP förblir ett gångbart alternativ för privat bruk av mindreavancerade användare under vissa förutsättningar., Transferring and receiving computer files are something most of us do on a regularbasis whether it is for private purposes or if it is work related. FTP is a protocolused for this very purpose which was launched during a time when personal computerswere growing increasingly popular in both home and workplace environments.Since then, more protocols have been introduced and today there are a number ofoptions available bringing new and common features alike to the market. The SMTPprotocol, extended with the MIME standard, is currently a widely used alternative tothe pure file transfer protocols due to the user familiarity and past experiences withthese mail services. Sending and receiving files through e-mail does however implysome limitations together with the fact that some security aspects need to be takeninto consideration, particularly for company users handling sensitive data. In thisthesis, three different file transfer protocols (SMTP, SFTP and HTTP) have all beenevaluated in account of their user friendliness as well as their security features. Theresults indicate that HTTP(S) combined with the WebDAV extension can be considereda viable alternative for organizations due to its user friendliness and security.The remaining protocols, SMTP and SFTP, also have their uses where SFTP wouldseem to be an appealing option for advanced users and where SMTP remains a passablealternative for private usage by regular users under the right conditions.

Överföring eller mottagande av datorfiler är en syssla som de flesta av oss ägnar ossåt regelbundet i ett eller annat sammanhang, oavsett om det sker privat eller om detär arbetsrelaterat. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) är ett protokoll för just detta ändamålsom lanserades under tiden då persondatorer hade blivit allt vanligare i hemmetoch på arbetsplatsen. Sedan dess har flera andra protokoll introducerats och i dagslägetfinns det flertalet valmöjligheter tillgängliga, alla med sina unika såväl som gemensammaegenskaper. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) kompletterad medMIME-standarden är ett populärt alternativ till de renodlade filöverföringsprotokollenpå grund av användarnas bekantskap och tidigare erfarenheter med e-posttjänster.Att skicka och ta emot filer via e-post innebär dock vissa begränsningar samt att vissasäkerhetsaspekter måste tas i beaktande, i synnerhet för företagsanvändare som dagin och dag ut måste hantera känslig data. I denna uppsats har tre olika filöverföringsprotokoll(SFTP, SMTP och HTTP) utvärderats ur ett användarvänlighetsperspektivsåväl som ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Resultatet indikerar att HTTP(S) tillsammans meduttökningen WebDAV kan anses vara ett lämpligt alternativ för organisationer somsamtidigt är enkelt att använda. De övriga protokollen, SMTP och SFTP, har ocksåsina användningsområden där SFTP verkar vara mer tilltalande för avanceradeanvändare och där SMTP förblir ett gångbart alternativ för privat bruk av mindreavancerade användare under vissa förutsättningar., Transferring and receiving computer files are something most of us do on a regularbasis whether it is for private purposes or if it is work related. FTP is a protocolused for this very purpose which was launched during a time when personal computerswere growing increasingly popular in both home and workplace environments.Since then, more protocols have been introduced and today there are a number ofoptions available bringing new and common features alike to the market. The SMTPprotocol, extended with the MIME standard, is currently a widely used alternative tothe pure file transfer protocols due to the user familiarity and past experiences withthese mail services. Sending and receiving files through e-mail does however implysome limitations together with the fact that some security aspects need to be takeninto consideration, particularly for company users handling sensitive data. In thisthesis, three different file transfer protocols (SMTP, SFTP and HTTP) have all beenevaluated in account of their user friendliness as well as their security features. Theresults indicate that HTTP(S) combined with the WebDAV extension can be considereda viable alternative for organizations due to its user friendliness and security.The remaining protocols, SMTP and SFTP, also have their uses where SFTP wouldseem to be an appealing option for advanced users and where SMTP remains a passablealternative for private usage by regular users under the right conditions.

The usage of Internet is rapidly increasing and a large part of the Internet traffic is generated by the World Wide Web (WWW) and the associated protocol HiperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Several important parameters that affect the performance of the WWW are bandwidth, scalability and latency. To tackle these parameters and to improve the overall performance of the system, it is important to understand and to characterize the application level characteristics. This article is reporting on the measurement and analysis of HTTP traffic collected on the student access network at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. The analysis is done on various HTTP traffic parameters, e.g., inter-session timings, inter-arrival timings, request message sizes, response code and number of transactions. The reported results can be useful for building synthetic workloads for simulation and benchmarking purposes.

The usage of Internet is rapidly increasing and a large part of the Internet traffic is generated by the World Wide Web (WWW) and the associated protocol HiperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Several important parameters that affect the performance of the WWW are bandwidth, scalability and latency. To tackle these parameters and to improve the overall performance of the system, it is important to understand and to characterize the application level characteristics. This article is reporting on the measurement and analysis of HTTP traffic collected on the student access network at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. The analysis is done on various HTTP traffic parameters, e.g., inter-session timings, inter-arrival timings, request message sizes, response code and number of transactions. The reported results can be useful for building synthetic workloads for simulation and benchmarking purposes.

The usage of Internet is rapidly increasing and a large part of the Internet traffic is generated by the World Wide Web (WWW) and the associated protocol HiperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Several important parameters that affect the performance of the WWW are bandwidth, scalability and latency. To tackle these parameters and to improve the overall performance of the system, it is important to understand and to characterize the application level characteristics. This article is reporting on the measurement and analysis of HTTP traffic collected on the student access network at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. The analysis is done on various HTTP traffic parameters, e.g., inter-session timings, inter-arrival timings, request message sizes, response code and number of transactions. The reported results can be useful for building synthetic workloads for simulation and benchmarking purposes.

The usage of Internet is rapidly increasing and a large part of the Internet traffic is generated by the World Wide Web (WWW) and the associated protocol HiperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Several important parameters that affect the performance of the WWW are bandwidth, scalability and latency. To tackle these parameters and to improve the overall performance of the system, it is important to understand and to characterize the application level characteristics. This article is reporting on the measurement and analysis of HTTP traffic collected on the student access network at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. The analysis is done on various HTTP traffic parameters, e.g., inter-session timings, inter-arrival timings, request message sizes, response code and number of transactions. The reported results can be useful for building synthetic workloads for simulation and benchmarking purposes.

The usage of Internet is rapidly increasing and a large part of the Internet traffic is generated by the World Wide Web (WWW) and the associated protocol HiperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Several important parameters that affect the performance of the WWW are bandwidth, scalability and latency. To tackle these parameters and to improve the overall performance of the system, it is important to understand and to characterize the application level characteristics. This article is reporting on the measurement and analysis of HTTP traffic collected on the student access network at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. The analysis is done on various HTTP traffic parameters, e.g., inter-session timings, inter-arrival timings, request message sizes, response code and number of transactions. The reported results can be useful for building synthetic workloads for simulation and benchmarking purposes.

The usage of Internet is rapidly increasing and a large part of the Internet traffic is generated by the World Wide Web (WWW) and the associated protocol HiperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Several important parameters that affect the performance of the WWW are bandwidth, scalability and latency. To tackle these parameters and to improve the overall performance of the system, it is important to understand and to characterize the application level characteristics. This article is reporting on the measurement and analysis of HTTP traffic collected on the student access network at the Blekinge Institute of Technology in Karlskrona, Sweden. The analysis is done on various HTTP traffic parameters, e.g., inter-session timings, inter-arrival timings, request message sizes, response code and number of transactions. The reported results can be useful for building synthetic workloads for simulation and benchmarking purposes.

Mezi mnohé požadavky kladené na moderní vestavěné systémy patří potřeba uchovávat více verzí jejich systémového obrazu (firmware, software nebo hardwareová konfigurace) a také možnost volby, který z těchto obrazů systém načte během procesu bootování, v závislosti na funkci, kterou daný obraz poskytuje. Tato diplomová práce popisuje vývoj aplikace pro zařízení s obvody Zynq firmy Xilinx, jejíž funkcí je provést aktualizaci systému. Aplikace zahrnuje jednoduchý vestavěný HTTP server sloužící ke vzdálenému přenosu souborů. Klientovi umožňuje nahrát soubor s obrazem skrze aplikaci spustitelnou z příkazové řádky, nebo prostřednictvím webové stránky, která byla navržena k tomuto účelu., Among many which are placed on modern embedded systems is also the need of storing multiple system boot image versions and the ability to select from them upon boot time, depending on a function which they provide. This thesis describes the development of a system update application for Xilinx Zynq-7000 devices. The application includes a simple embedded HTTP server for a remote file transfer. A client is allowed to upload the boot image file with the system update from either command line application or using the web page developed for this purpose.

Mezi mnohé požadavky kladené na moderní vestavěné systémy patří potřeba uchovávat více verzí jejich systémového obrazu (firmware, software nebo hardwareová konfigurace) a také možnost volby, který z těchto obrazů systém načte během procesu bootování, v závislosti na funkci, kterou daný obraz poskytuje. Tato diplomová práce popisuje vývoj aplikace pro zařízení s obvody Zynq firmy Xilinx, jejíž funkcí je provést aktualizaci systému. Aplikace zahrnuje jednoduchý vestavěný HTTP server sloužící ke vzdálenému přenosu souborů. Klientovi umožňuje nahrát soubor s obrazem skrze aplikaci spustitelnou z příkazové řádky, nebo prostřednictvím webové stránky, která byla navržena k tomuto účelu., Among many which are placed on modern embedded systems is also the need of storing multiple system boot image versions and the ability to select from them upon boot time, depending on a function which they provide. This thesis describes the development of a system update application for Xilinx Zynq-7000 devices. The application includes a simple embedded HTTP server for a remote file transfer. A client is allowed to upload the boot image file with the system update from either command line application or using the web page developed for this purpose.

Mezi mnohé požadavky kladené na moderní vestavěné systémy patří potřeba uchovávat více verzí jejich systémového obrazu (firmware, software nebo hardwareová konfigurace) a také možnost volby, který z těchto obrazů systém načte během procesu bootování, v závislosti na funkci, kterou daný obraz poskytuje. Tato diplomová práce popisuje vývoj aplikace pro zařízení s obvody Zynq firmy Xilinx, jejíž funkcí je provést aktualizaci systému. Aplikace zahrnuje jednoduchý vestavěný HTTP server sloužící ke vzdálenému přenosu souborů. Klientovi umožňuje nahrát soubor s obrazem skrze aplikaci spustitelnou z příkazové řádky, nebo prostřednictvím webové stránky, která byla navržena k tomuto účelu., Among many which are placed on modern embedded systems is also the need of storing multiple system boot image versions and the ability to select from them upon boot time, depending on a function which they provide. This thesis describes the development of a system update application for Xilinx Zynq-7000 devices. The application includes a simple embedded HTTP server for a remote file transfer. A client is allowed to upload the boot image file with the system update from either command line application or using the web page developed for this purpose.

Mezi mnohé požadavky kladené na moderní vestavěné systémy patří potřeba uchovávat více verzí jejich systémového obrazu (firmware, software nebo hardwareová konfigurace) a také možnost volby, který z těchto obrazů systém načte během procesu bootování, v závislosti na funkci, kterou daný obraz poskytuje. Tato diplomová práce popisuje vývoj aplikace pro zařízení s obvody Zynq firmy Xilinx, jejíž funkcí je provést aktualizaci systému. Aplikace zahrnuje jednoduchý vestavěný HTTP server sloužící ke vzdálenému přenosu souborů. Klientovi umožňuje nahrát soubor s obrazem skrze aplikaci spustitelnou z příkazové řádky, nebo prostřednictvím webové stránky, která byla navržena k tomuto účelu., Among many which are placed on modern embedded systems is also the need of storing multiple system boot image versions and the ability to select from them upon boot time, depending on a function which they provide. This thesis describes the development of a system update application for Xilinx Zynq-7000 devices. The application includes a simple embedded HTTP server for a remote file transfer. A client is allowed to upload the boot image file with the system update from either command line application or using the web page developed for this purpose.

Mezi mnohé požadavky kladené na moderní vestavěné systémy patří potřeba uchovávat více verzí jejich systémového obrazu (firmware, software nebo hardwareová konfigurace) a také možnost volby, který z těchto obrazů systém načte během procesu bootování, v závislosti na funkci, kterou daný obraz poskytuje. Tato diplomová práce popisuje vývoj aplikace pro zařízení s obvody Zynq firmy Xilinx, jejíž funkcí je provést aktualizaci systému. Aplikace zahrnuje jednoduchý vestavěný HTTP server sloužící ke vzdálenému přenosu souborů. Klientovi umožňuje nahrát soubor s obrazem skrze aplikaci spustitelnou z příkazové řádky, nebo prostřednictvím webové stránky, která byla navržena k tomuto účelu., Among many which are placed on modern embedded systems is also the need of storing multiple system boot image versions and the ability to select from them upon boot time, depending on a function which they provide. This thesis describes the development of a system update application for Xilinx Zynq-7000 devices. The application includes a simple embedded HTTP server for a remote file transfer. A client is allowed to upload the boot image file with the system update from either command line application or using the web page developed for this purpose.