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What explains income inequality, poverty and social exclusion? The pandemic is the cause? What role have neoliberal policies played? What did the policies of the "Washington Consensus" intend? Is there a crisis? What crisis are we talking about? Who benefited and who was harmed by the policies applied during the pandemic. Why? What exits are glimpsed? What lies ahead for the social movement? These are some of the questions that we answer in this work, which focuses on Panama, but not a few countries will be reflected., ¿Qué explica la desigualdad de ingresos, pobreza y exclusión social? ¿La pandemia es la causa? ¿Qué papel han jugado las políticas neoliberales? ¿Qué pretendían las políticas del «Consenso de Washington»? ¿Hay crisis? ¿De qué crisis se habla? ¿Las políticas aplicadas durante la pandemia, a quiénes beneficiaron y a quienes perjudicaron? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué salidas se vislumbran? ¿Qué le depara al movimiento social? Son algunas de las preguntas que respondemos en este trabajo, que se centra en Panamá, pero no pocos países se verán reflejados.

What explains income inequality, poverty and social exclusion? The pandemic is the cause? What role have neoliberal policies played? What did the policies of the "Washington Consensus" intend? Is there a crisis? What crisis are we talking about? Who benefited and who was harmed by the policies applied during the pandemic. Why? What exits are glimpsed? What lies ahead for the social movement? These are some of the questions that we answer in this work, which focuses on Panama, but not a few countries will be reflected., ¿Qué explica la desigualdad de ingresos, pobreza y exclusión social? ¿La pandemia es la causa? ¿Qué papel han jugado las políticas neoliberales? ¿Qué pretendían las políticas del «Consenso de Washington»? ¿Hay crisis? ¿De qué crisis se habla? ¿Las políticas aplicadas durante la pandemia, a quiénes beneficiaron y a quienes perjudicaron? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué salidas se vislumbran? ¿Qué le depara al movimiento social? Son algunas de las preguntas que respondemos en este trabajo, que se centra en Panamá, pero no pocos países se verán reflejados.

What explains income inequality, poverty and social exclusion? The pandemic is the cause? What role have neoliberal policies played? What did the policies of the "Washington Consensus" intend? Is there a crisis? What crisis are we talking about? Who benefited and who was harmed by the policies applied during the pandemic. Why? What exits are glimpsed? What lies ahead for the social movement? These are some of the questions that we answer in this work, which focuses on Panama, but not a few countries will be reflected., ¿Qué explica la desigualdad de ingresos, pobreza y exclusión social? ¿La pandemia es la causa? ¿Qué papel han jugado las políticas neoliberales? ¿Qué pretendían las políticas del «Consenso de Washington»? ¿Hay crisis? ¿De qué crisis se habla? ¿Las políticas aplicadas durante la pandemia, a quiénes beneficiaron y a quienes perjudicaron? ¿Por qué? ¿Qué salidas se vislumbran? ¿Qué le depara al movimiento social? Son algunas de las preguntas que respondemos en este trabajo, que se centra en Panamá, pero no pocos países se verán reflejados.

Background: The psychological impact of living with a skin condition can have a profound impact on quality of life and could cause appearance‐related social anxiety. Existing research suggests ambiguous findings in relation to whether the impact of living with a skin condition differs between males and females. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the association between stigma, coping styles and social appearance anxiety in men and women living with a skin condition in the United Kingdom. Methods: 231 participants (n = 199 females, n = 30 males, n = 2 non‐binary) completed a cross‐sectional online questionnaire, capturing quantitative data with the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS), the shortened version of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS‐21), and qualitative data from free‐text comments and thematic content analysis. Respondents were also asked to provide additional free text comments in relation to the challenges faced and how these were managed. Results: Content analysis revealed that males and females faced daily practical, social and emotional challenges and coped with them in several ways; with higher levels of social appearance anxiety associated with both higher perceived severity of skin condition and younger age. Males and females appeared equally as emotionally affected by living with a skin condition, with the only significant gender difference being females as significantly more likely to engage in avoidant coping behaviours than males. Conclusions: Living with a skin condition presents daily practical, social, and psychological challenges for males and females that have the potential to impact on quality of life. Findings highlight the need for dermatological care to routinely address these issues, and psychosocial interventions must be made available to promote healthy coping with skin conditions.

Background: The psychological impact of living with a skin condition can have a profound impact on quality of life and could cause appearance‐related social anxiety. Existing research suggests ambiguous findings in relation to whether the impact of living with a skin condition differs between males and females. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the association between stigma, coping styles and social appearance anxiety in men and women living with a skin condition in the United Kingdom. Methods: 231 participants (n = 199 females, n = 30 males, n = 2 non‐binary) completed a cross‐sectional online questionnaire, capturing quantitative data with the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS), the shortened version of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS‐21), and qualitative data from free‐text comments and thematic content analysis. Respondents were also asked to provide additional free text comments in relation to the challenges faced and how these were managed. Results: Content analysis revealed that males and females faced daily practical, social and emotional challenges and coped with them in several ways; with higher levels of social appearance anxiety associated with both higher perceived severity of skin condition and younger age. Males and females appeared equally as emotionally affected by living with a skin condition, with the only significant gender difference being females as significantly more likely to engage in avoidant coping behaviours than males. Conclusions: Living with a skin condition presents daily practical, social, and psychological challenges for males and females that have the potential to impact on quality of life. Findings highlight the need for dermatological care to routinely address these issues, and psychosocial interventions must be made available to promote healthy coping with skin conditions.

Background: The psychological impact of living with a skin condition can have a profound impact on quality of life and could cause appearance‐related social anxiety. Existing research suggests ambiguous findings in relation to whether the impact of living with a skin condition differs between males and females. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the association between stigma, coping styles and social appearance anxiety in men and women living with a skin condition in the United Kingdom. Methods: 231 participants (n = 199 females, n = 30 males, n = 2 non‐binary) completed a cross‐sectional online questionnaire, capturing quantitative data with the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS), the shortened version of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS‐21), and qualitative data from free‐text comments and thematic content analysis. Respondents were also asked to provide additional free text comments in relation to the challenges faced and how these were managed. Results: Content analysis revealed that males and females faced daily practical, social and emotional challenges and coped with them in several ways; with higher levels of social appearance anxiety associated with both higher perceived severity of skin condition and younger age. Males and females appeared equally as emotionally affected by living with a skin condition, with the only significant gender difference being females as significantly more likely to engage in avoidant coping behaviours than males. Conclusions: Living with a skin condition presents daily practical, social, and psychological challenges for males and females that have the potential to impact on quality of life. Findings highlight the need for dermatological care to routinely address these issues, and psychosocial interventions must be made available to promote healthy coping with skin conditions.

Background: The psychological impact of living with a skin condition can have a profound impact on quality of life and could cause appearance‐related social anxiety. Existing research suggests ambiguous findings in relation to whether the impact of living with a skin condition differs between males and females. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the association between stigma, coping styles and social appearance anxiety in men and women living with a skin condition in the United Kingdom. Methods: 231 participants (n = 199 females, n = 30 males, n = 2 non‐binary) completed a cross‐sectional online questionnaire, capturing quantitative data with the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS), the shortened version of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS‐21), and qualitative data from free‐text comments and thematic content analysis. Respondents were also asked to provide additional free text comments in relation to the challenges faced and how these were managed. Results: Content analysis revealed that males and females faced daily practical, social and emotional challenges and coped with them in several ways; with higher levels of social appearance anxiety associated with both higher perceived severity of skin condition and younger age. Males and females appeared equally as emotionally affected by living with a skin condition, with the only significant gender difference being females as significantly more likely to engage in avoidant coping behaviours than males. Conclusions: Living with a skin condition presents daily practical, social, and psychological challenges for males and females that have the potential to impact on quality of life. Findings highlight the need for dermatological care to routinely address these issues, and psychosocial interventions must be made available to promote healthy coping with skin conditions.

Public management research has paid increasing attention to the public value paradigm. Despite the number of studies on the topic, we do not yet have a comprehensive empirical understanding of what happens when the public value paradigm is translated into performance measurement regimes and models. A major issue here is how to integrate public value measurement across networks of business, civil society, and government within which public policies and services are implemented these days. By looking for implications for public management, this chapter aims to offer a set of preliminary answers to the question of how governments themselves should shape policymaking, performance measurement, and reporting in order to integrate the contribution of civil society and private business to public value creation. Presented in this chapter are the results from a case study of a regional government in Italy experiencing boundary- crossing public value measurement and reporting. The goal of the research was to collect information about how measurement efforts at the local level reflect public value creation in a networked setting, about the process that was used for community engagement, and about the extent to which the process to develop public value measurement and reporting is relevant for public and private leaders. As a conclusion, some implications for public management and governance are emphasized.

New Public Management has now been “new” for more than 15 years, and public administration scholars are calling for new approaches, such as networked governance or collaboration. However, these approaches share with their predecessors the problem that they tend toward a one-best-way orientation. Instead, the authors argue, the next phase should be what they call “public value pragmatism.” In other words, the best management approach to adopt depends on the circumstances, such as the value being produced, the context, or the nature of the task. They illustrate a decision framework for determining the most appropriate approach for different types of circumstances. The emerging literature also tends to be unclear about the level of the public sector to which it applies. The authors distinguish three levels—programs, organizations, and whole public sectors—and put forward some propositions about how public value pragmatism might apply at each level.

This project is a part of a long term effort to develop a reliability based method for the structural design of ship structures. The main task in the development of a reliability-based design method is the determination of the load factors and the strength (or resistance) factors. In order to achieve this task, it is necessary to have a quantitative measure of the various uncertainties that are inherent in both the loads and the strength models. Earlier SSC projects have examined the uncertainties related to loads. The objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate a method for quantifying the bias and uncertainty in structural strength algorithms (or computational models) in order to further the overall goal. (MM)