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Research assessing personality traits and religiosity across cultures has typically neglected variation across religious affiliations and has been limited to a small number of personality traits. This study examines the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and their facets, two theoretically distinct measures of religiosity, and twelve other personality traits across seven religious affiliations and 61 countries/regions. The proportion of participants following a religion varied substantially across countries (e.g., Indonesia = 99%; Estonia = 7%). Both measures of religiosity were related to agreeableness, conscientiousness, happiness, and fairness; however; relations with religiosity as a social axiom were stronger and less variable across religious affiliations. Additionally, personality-religiosity links were more robust in low-development, high-conflict, and collectivist nations.

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) play an important role in aerosol effects on air quality and public health, but their atmospheric abundance and sources are poorly understood. We measured EPFRs contained in PM2.5 collected in Fairbanks, Alaska, in winter 2022. We find that EPFR concentrations were enhanced during surface-based inversion and correlate strongly with incomplete combustion markers, including carbon monoxide and elemental carbon (R2 > 0.75). EPFRs exhibit moderately good correlations with PAHs, biomass burning organic aerosols, and potassium (R2 > 0.4). We also observe strong correlations of EPFRs with hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols, Fe and Ti (R2 > 0.6), and single-particle mass spectrometry measurements reveal internal mixing of PAHs, with potassium and iron. These results suggest that residential wood burning and vehicle tailpipes are major sources of EPFRs and nontailpipe emissions, such as brake wear and road dust, may contribute to the stabilization of EPFRs. Exposure to the observed EPFR concentrations (18 ± 12 pmol m-3) would be equivalent to smoking ∼0.4-1 cigarette daily. Very strong correlations (R2 > 0.8) of EPFR with hydroxyl radical formation in surrogate lung fluid indicate that exposure to EPFRs may induce oxidative stress in the human respiratory tract.

People in economically advantaged nations tend to evaluate their life as more positive overall and report greater well-being than people in less advantaged nations. But how does positivity manifest in the daily life experiences of individuals around the world? The present study asked 15,244 college students from 62 nations, in 42 languages, to describe a situation they experienced the previous day using the Riverside Situational Q-sort (RSQ). Using expert ratings, the overall positivity of each situation was calculated for both nations and individuals. The positivity of the average situation in each nation was strongly related to the economic development of the nation as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). For individuals’ daily experiences, the economic status of their nation also predicted the positivity of their experience, even more than their family socioeconomic status. Further analyses revealed the specific characteristics of the average situations for higher HDI nations that make their experiences more positive. Higher HDI was associated with situational experiences involving humor, socializing with others, and the potential to express emotions and fantasies. Lower HDI was associated with an increase in the presence of threats, blame, and hostility, as well as situational experiences consisting of family, religion, and money. Despite the increase in a few negative situational characteristics in lower HDI countries, the overall average experience still ranged from neutral to slightly positive, rather than negative, suggesting that greater HDI may not necessarily increase positive experiences but rather decrease negative experiences. The results illustrate how national economic status influences the lives of individuals even within a single instance of daily life, with large and powerful consequences when accumulated across individuals within each nation.

ResumeGennem empiriske nedslag undersøger artiklen, hvordan kvinder på socialpædagogiske bosteder, oplever at skulle tilkæmpe sig ønskede positioner i deres liv og hvordan deres blikke på dem selv og deres udvikling er sammenfiltret og påvirket af de gængse og strukturerende diagnose- og kønsopfattelser de mødes af. Artiklens analyser illustrerer, hvordan både køn og psykiatriske diagnoser går forud for kvinderne og fortæller historier om, hvem de er og hvad de kan med deres liv, før de selv når frem. Et fokus på de ressourcer der ligger gemt i de forskellige former for modstand, strategier og navigationer kvinder gør brug af, samt et blik for de forskellige kontekster kvinderne er en del af – er relevant for det pædagogiske felt. Dels fordi det peger på, at diagnoser og psykisk sygdom ikke må stå alene, men også bør forstås som rimelige reaktioner på urimelige kontekster. Dels, fordi et fokus på kvindernes modstandsstrategier og navigationer viser, at de ikke er passive modtager af pædagogiske indsatser, men aktive medskabere af de kategorier, de mødes af og med. AbstractYoung women at psychosocial housing facilities – negotiations and navigations across diagnoses and genderThrough empirical extracts, this article examines how women in psychosocial housing facilities experience a need to fight for desired positions in their lives and how their view of themselves and their development is entangled and influenced by the common and structuring diagnosis and gender perceptions they encounter. The article illustrates how both gender and psychiatric diagnoses precede them and tell stories about who they are and what they are able do with their lives. A focus on the resources that are hidden in the different forms of resistance, strategies, and navigations that these women make use of, as well as a look at the different contexts that the women are a part of – is highly relevant for the pedagogical field. Partly because it indicates that diagnoses and mental illness cannot

ResumeGennem empiriske nedslag undersøger artiklen, hvordan kvinder på socialpædagogiske bosteder, oplever at skulle tilkæmpe sig ønskede positioner i deres liv og hvordan deres blikke på dem selv og deres udvikling er sammenfiltret og påvirket af de gængse og strukturerende diagnose- og kønsopfattelser de mødes af. Artiklens analyser illustrerer, hvordan både køn og psykiatriske diagnoser går forud for kvinderne og fortæller historier om, hvem de er og hvad de kan med deres liv, før de selv når frem. Et fokus på de ressourcer der ligger gemt i de forskellige former for modstand, strategier og navigationer kvinder gør brug af, samt et blik for de forskellige kontekster kvinderne er en del af – er relevant for det pædagogiske felt. Dels fordi det peger på, at diagnoser og psykisk sygdom ikke må stå alene, men også bør forstås som rimelige reaktioner på urimelige kontekster. Dels, fordi et fokus på kvindernes modstandsstrategier og navigationer viser, at de ikke er passive modtager af pædagogiske indsatser, men aktive medskabere af de kategorier, de mødes af og med. AbstractYoung women at psychosocial housing facilities – negotiations and navigations across diagnoses and genderThrough empirical extracts, this article examines how women in psychosocial housing facilities experience a need to fight for desired positions in their lives and how their view of themselves and their development is entangled and influenced by the common and structuring diagnosis and gender perceptions they encounter. The article illustrates how both gender and psychiatric diagnoses precede them and tell stories about who they are and what they are able do with their lives. A focus on the resources that are hidden in the different forms of resistance, strategies, and navigations that these women make use of, as well as a look at the different contexts that the women are a part of – is highly relevant for the pedagogical field. Partly because it indicates that diagnoses and mental illness cannot

ResumeGennem empiriske nedslag undersøger artiklen, hvordan kvinder på socialpædagogiske bosteder, oplever at skulle tilkæmpe sig ønskede positioner i deres liv og hvordan deres blikke på dem selv og deres udvikling er sammenfiltret og påvirket af de gængse og strukturerende diagnose- og kønsopfattelser de mødes af. Artiklens analyser illustrerer, hvordan både køn og psykiatriske diagnoser går forud for kvinderne og fortæller historier om, hvem de er og hvad de kan med deres liv, før de selv når frem. Et fokus på de ressourcer der ligger gemt i de forskellige former for modstand, strategier og navigationer kvinder gør brug af, samt et blik for de forskellige kontekster kvinderne er en del af – er relevant for det pædagogiske felt. Dels fordi det peger på, at diagnoser og psykisk sygdom ikke må stå alene, men også bør forstås som rimelige reaktioner på urimelige kontekster. Dels, fordi et fokus på kvindernes modstandsstrategier og navigationer viser, at de ikke er passive modtager af pædagogiske indsatser, men aktive medskabere af de kategorier, de mødes af og med. AbstractYoung women at psychosocial housing facilities – negotiations and navigations across diagnoses and genderThrough empirical extracts, this article examines how women in psychosocial housing facilities experience a need to fight for desired positions in their lives and how their view of themselves and their development is entangled and influenced by the common and structuring diagnosis and gender perceptions they encounter. The article illustrates how both gender and psychiatric diagnoses precede them and tell stories about who they are and what they are able do with their lives. A focus on the resources that are hidden in the different forms of resistance, strategies, and navigations that these women make use of, as well as a look at the different contexts that the women are a part of – is highly relevant for the pedagogical field. Partly because it indicates that diagnoses and mental illness cannot

ResumeGennem empiriske nedslag undersøger artiklen, hvordan kvinder på socialpædagogiske bosteder, oplever at skulle tilkæmpe sig ønskede positioner i deres liv og hvordan deres blikke på dem selv og deres udvikling er sammenfiltret og påvirket af de gængse og strukturerende diagnose- og kønsopfattelser de mødes af. Artiklens analyser illustrerer, hvordan både køn og psykiatriske diagnoser går forud for kvinderne og fortæller historier om, hvem de er og hvad de kan med deres liv, før de selv når frem. Et fokus på de ressourcer der ligger gemt i de forskellige former for modstand, strategier og navigationer kvinder gør brug af, samt et blik for de forskellige kontekster kvinderne er en del af – er relevant for det pædagogiske felt. Dels fordi det peger på, at diagnoser og psykisk sygdom ikke må stå alene, men også bør forstås som rimelige reaktioner på urimelige kontekster. Dels, fordi et fokus på kvindernes modstandsstrategier og navigationer viser, at de ikke er passive modtager af pædagogiske indsatser, men aktive medskabere af de kategorier, de mødes af og med. AbstractYoung women at psychosocial housing facilities – negotiations and navigations across diagnoses and genderThrough empirical extracts, this article examines how women in psychosocial housing facilities experience a need to fight for desired positions in their lives and how their view of themselves and their development is entangled and influenced by the common and structuring diagnosis and gender perceptions they encounter. The article illustrates how both gender and psychiatric diagnoses precede them and tell stories about who they are and what they are able do with their lives. A focus on the resources that are hidden in the different forms of resistance, strategies, and navigations that these women make use of, as well as a look at the different contexts that the women are a part of – is highly relevant for the pedagogical field. Partly because it indicates that diagnoses and mental illness cannot

ResumeGennem empiriske nedslag undersøger artiklen, hvordan kvinder på socialpædagogiske bosteder, oplever at skulle tilkæmpe sig ønskede positioner i deres liv og hvordan deres blikke på dem selv og deres udvikling er sammenfiltret og påvirket af de gængse og strukturerende diagnose- og kønsopfattelser de mødes af. Artiklens analyser illustrerer, hvordan både køn og psykiatriske diagnoser går forud for kvinderne og fortæller historier om, hvem de er og hvad de kan med deres liv, før de selv når frem. Et fokus på de ressourcer der ligger gemt i de forskellige former for modstand, strategier og navigationer kvinder gør brug af, samt et blik for de forskellige kontekster kvinderne er en del af – er relevant for det pædagogiske felt. Dels fordi det peger på, at diagnoser og psykisk sygdom ikke må stå alene, men også bør forstås som rimelige reaktioner på urimelige kontekster. Dels, fordi et fokus på kvindernes modstandsstrategier og navigationer viser, at de ikke er passive modtager af pædagogiske indsatser, men aktive medskabere af de kategorier, de mødes af og med. AbstractYoung women at psychosocial housing facilities – negotiations and navigations across diagnoses and genderThrough empirical extracts, this article examines how women in psychosocial housing facilities experience a need to fight for desired positions in their lives and how their view of themselves and their development is entangled and influenced by the common and structuring diagnosis and gender perceptions they encounter. The article illustrates how both gender and psychiatric diagnoses precede them and tell stories about who they are and what they are able do with their lives. A focus on the resources that are hidden in the different forms of resistance, strategies, and navigations that these women make use of, as well as a look at the different contexts that the women are a part of – is highly relevant for the pedagogical field. Partly because it indicates that diagnoses and mental illness cannot

Man vs Machine HOW WILL TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE THE FUTURE OF CREATIVITY? We don’t want to get into the futile debate of whether or not the machine will replace us. If, or when, have no relevance here. Our life with the machine is now. We want to shine a light on the machine, not as something we use but something that uses us; in the same way that an ax cutting wood requires our muscles to work, our hands to bruise. The attention economy stole our ability to see beyond the moment, see the arch narrative behind the click. Whether we feel comfortable envisioning a future of superhumans and cyborgs or wish for a return and dismantling of technological progress in favor of the survival of our race, we must understand that decisions are being made now. Those able to see the bigger picture will be part of that decision in the making every day. Wake up, user. You’ve been drunk for a while., https://www.librarystack.org/man-vs-machine/?ref=unknown

Noter om Kimsoojas Weaving the Light i Cisternerne i København

This paper introduces two learning schemes for distributed agents in Reinforcement Learning (RL) environments, namely Reward-Weighted (R-Weighted) and Loss-Weighted (L-Weighted) gradient merger. The R/L weighted methods replace standard practices for training multiple agents, such as summing or averaging the gradients. The core of our methods is to scale the gradient of each actor based on how high the reward (for R-Weighted) or the loss (for L-Weighted) is compared to the other actors. During training, each agent operates in differently initialized versions of the same environment, which gives different gradients from different actors. In essence, the R-Weights and L-Weights of each agent inform the other agents of its potential, which again reports which environment should be prioritized for learning. This approach of distributed learning is possible because environments that yield higher rewards, or low losses, have more critical information than environments that yield lower rewards or higher losses. We empirically demonstrate that the R-Weighted methods work superior to the state-of-the-art in multiple RL environments.

Man vs Machine HOW WILL TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE THE FUTURE OF CREATIVITY? We don’t want to get into the futile debate of whether or not the machine will replace us. If, or when, have no relevance here. Our life with the machine is now. We want to shine a light on the machine, not as something we use but something that uses us; in the same way that an ax cutting wood requires our muscles to work, our hands to bruise. The attention economy stole our ability to see beyond the moment, see the arch narrative behind the click. Whether we feel comfortable envisioning a future of superhumans and cyborgs or wish for a return and dismantling of technological progress in favor of the survival of our race, we must understand that decisions are being made now. Those able to see the bigger picture will be part of that decision in the making every day. Wake up, user. You’ve been drunk for a while., https://www.librarystack.org/man-vs-machine/?ref=unknown

Objective: The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method: Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results: Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions: While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

Recent research conducted largely in the United States suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts toward personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 55 countries and one of a larger country (Hong Kong, S.A.R.) using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or "WEIRD" measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or "independent"), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emicetic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country's "WEIRD-ness." Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is "WEIRD-er" than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.

Objective: The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00, a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method: Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N = 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results: Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r =.60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.

Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra et prosjekt som er utført av Fire Research and Innovation Centre - FRIC fra 2020 til 2022. Første versjon av rapporten ble publisert på engelsk i mars 2022. Denne norske versjonen er oversatt av SINTEF Digital og RISE Fire Research i samarbeid. En spesiell takk til Caroline Kristensen for arbeidet med oversettelsen. Rapporten er også oppdatert på enkelte punkter, uten at fokus og konklusjoner skal være endret., Vi vil rette en takk til alle dem som har bidratt med innspill i intervjuer om hvordan Norge bør lære bedre av branner. Deres innspill er det som gjør dette prosjektet unikt, og som gir rapporten relevans til å forbedre brannsikkerheten i det norske samfunnet ytterligere. Vi vil også takke eksperter fra utlandet som har bidratt med verdifull informasjon til vårt arbeid.

FRIC webinar D1.2-2022.08

Fires are devastating events that may harm humans, properties and the environment. Authorities, organisations, companies and societies should be able to learn from fire incidents to reduce the probability and impact of future fires. To achieve a reduction in fires and their consequences, an effort is needed from multiple actors and both technical, organisational and individual changes would be necessary. Importantly, we therefore consider change as a prerequisite for learning. So how can we as a society change or modify our efforts for prevention and mitigation of fires? A learning approach often starts with some form of inquiry about the occurred accidents – an investigation. This investigation can take many forms: the fire services’ own evaluations of the response to a fire, an authority’s assessments of the compliance and fit of their regulations, a company’s analysis of internal rules and organisation, and the police’s investigation of criminal issues. Investigations require highly skilled professionals using often multidisciplinary skills such as knowledge in human behaviour, fire dynamics, electrical systems, mechanical processes and many more. A fire investigator may use many different techniques and tactics, to figure out how the fire started, what fault led to the fire, what made the fire develop the way it did and, also what factors and measures that worked well in the fire. The investigator can work for the fire service, the police, insurance companies, hired private fire investigators or in larger companies, to mention a few. However, not all fires are investigated in Norway, and there is also a large number of incidents that is concluded with an unknown fire cause. The aim of our research has been to increase the society’s capacity to learn from fires. We have two main objectives contributing to the aim: 1. Obtain knowledge on the preconditions for learning from fires in Norway. 2. Provide recommendations to increase learning from fires in Norway. Leadi

Rural communities is Alaska—predominantly Alaska Native Tribes—are at the forefront of climate change impacts and climate justice concerns in the United States. According to the 2019 Alaska statewide threat assessment report, 29 communities are currently experiencing significant climate change-related erosion. Further, 38 communities faces significant flooding, and 35 have major problems with thawing permafrost. Some Alaska Native communities have explored community relocation to adapt to these impacts. Because federal law does not recognize gradual environmental impacts like thawing permafrost and coastal erosion as disasters, these communities are ineligible for disaster funding and struggling with how to adapt to the very urgent—albeit less immediate—issues that they face.This article analyzes the chalenges of Alaska Native Tribes attempting to access federal assistance for community relocation. While some posit that the federal trust responsibility for Tribal Nations might help leverage federal help with community relocation, the status of Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) extinguished almost all claims of aboriginal title and reservations in Alaska. General access to federal disaster funding and programs may be another avenue for assistance; however, the limited definition of "disaster" and overly burdensome requirements for federal programs mean that many Alaska Native communities are left to struggle on their own.In response to these challenges, this article explores possible solutions to help these communities with their relocation efforts. It examines the newly adopted Building Resilient Communities and Infrastructure Program as a potential funding opportunity for community relocation efforts, along with programs focused on climate justice. Finally, the article concludes by proposing the expansion of a state role in helping coordinate federal grant programs on behalf of Alaska Native Tribes and the funding of resilience officers by the federal gov

Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra et prosjekt som er utført av Fire Research and Innovation Centre - FRIC fra 2020 til 2022. Første versjon av rapporten ble publisert på engelsk i mars 2022. Denne norske versjonen er oversatt av SINTEF Digital og RISE Fire Research i samarbeid. En spesiell takk til Caroline Kristensen for arbeidet med oversettelsen. Rapporten er også oppdatert på enkelte punkter, uten at fokus og konklusjoner skal være endret., Vi vil rette en takk til alle dem som har bidratt med innspill i intervjuer om hvordan Norge bør lære bedre av branner. Deres innspill er det som gjør dette prosjektet unikt, og som gir rapporten relevans til å forbedre brannsikkerheten i det norske samfunnet ytterligere. Vi vil også takke eksperter fra utlandet som har bidratt med verdifull informasjon til vårt arbeid.

Fires are devastating events that may harm humans, properties and the environment. Authorities, organisations, companies and societies should be able to learn from fire incidents to reduce the probability and impact of future fires. To achieve a reduction in fires and their consequences, an effort is needed from multiple actors and both technical, organisational and individual changes would be necessary. Importantly, we therefore consider change as a prerequisite for learning. So how can we as a society change or modify our efforts for prevention and mitigation of fires? A learning approach often starts with some form of inquiry about the occurred accidents – an investigation. This investigation can take many forms: the fire services’ own evaluations of the response to a fire, an authority’s assessments of the compliance and fit of their regulations, a company’s analysis of internal rules and organisation, and the police’s investigation of criminal issues. Investigations require highly skilled professionals using often multidisciplinary skills such as knowledge in human behaviour, fire dynamics, electrical systems, mechanical processes and many more. A fire investigator may use many different techniques and tactics, to figure out how the fire started, what fault led to the fire, what made the fire develop the way it did and, also what factors and measures that worked well in the fire. The investigator can work for the fire service, the police, insurance companies, hired private fire investigators or in larger companies, to mention a few. However, not all fires are investigated in Norway, and there is also a large number of incidents that is concluded with an unknown fire cause. The aim of our research has been to increase the society’s capacity to learn from fires. We have two main objectives contributing to the aim: 1. Obtain knowledge on the preconditions for learning from fires in Norway. 2. Provide recommendations to increase learning from fires in Norway. Leadi

Introduction: Fluid overload in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with higher mortality. There are few randomized controlled trials to guide physicians in treating patients with fluid overload in the ICU, and no guidelines exist. We aimed to elucidate how ICU physicians from Nordic countries define, assess, and treat fluid overload in the ICU. Materials and methods: We developed an online questionnaire with 18 questions. The questions were pre-tested and revised by specialists in intensive care medicine. Through a network of national coordinators. The survey was distributed to a wide range of Nordic ICU physicians. The distribution started on January 5th, 2022 and ended on May 6th, 2022. Results: We received a total of 1,066 responses from Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Iceland. When assessing fluid status, respondents applied clinical parameters such as clinical examination findings, cumulative fluid balance, body weight, and urine output more frequently than cardiac/lung ultrasound, radiological appearances, and cardiac output monitoring. A large proportion of the respondents agreed that a 5% increase or more in body weight from baseline supported the diagnosis of fluid overload. The preferred de-resuscitation strategy was diuretics (91%), followed by minimization of maintenance (76%) and resuscitation fluids (71%). The majority declared that despite mild hypotension, mild hypernatremia, and ongoing vasopressor, they would not withhold treatment of fluid overload and would continue diuretics. The respondents were divided when it came to treating fluid overload with loop diuretics in patients receiving noradrenaline. Around 1% would not administer noradrenaline and diuretics simultaneously and 35% did not have a fixed upper limit for the dosage. The remaining respondents 63% reported different upper limits of noradrenaline infusion (0.05–0.50 mcg/kg/min) when administering loop diuretics. Conclusion: Self-reported practices among Nor

Introduction: Fluid overload in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with higher mortality. There are few randomized controlled trials to guide physicians in treating patients with fluid overload in the ICU, and no guidelines exist. We aimed to elucidate how ICU physicians from Nordic countries define, assess, and treat fluid overload in the ICU. Materials and methods: We developed an online questionnaire with 18 questions. The questions were pre-tested and revised by specialists in intensive care medicine. Through a network of national coordinators. The survey was distributed to a wide range of Nordic ICU physicians. The distribution started on January 5th, 2022 and ended on May 6th, 2022. Results: We received a total of 1,066 responses from Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Iceland. When assessing fluid status, respondents applied clinical parameters such as clinical examination findings, cumulative fluid balance, body weight, and urine output more frequently than cardiac/lung ultrasound, radiological appearances, and cardiac output monitoring. A large proportion of the respondents agreed that a 5% increase or more in body weight from baseline supported the diagnosis of fluid overload. The preferred de-resuscitation strategy was diuretics (91%), followed by minimization of maintenance (76%) and resuscitation fluids (71%). The majority declared that despite mild hypotension, mild hypernatremia, and ongoing vasopressor, they would not withhold treatment of fluid overload and would continue diuretics. The respondents were divided when it came to treating fluid overload with loop diuretics in patients receiving noradrenaline. Around 1% would not administer noradrenaline and diuretics simultaneously and 35% did not have a fixed upper limit for the dosage. The remaining respondents 63% reported different upper limits of noradrenaline infusion (0.05–0.50 mcg/kg/min) when administering loop diuretics. Conclusion: Self-reported practices among Nor

FRIC webinar D1.2-2022.08

Dietary electrolyte balance is the equilibrium of monovalent cations and anions that influence the acid-base balance of the feed (dEB = Na + K − Cl, mEq kg−1). Dietary electrolytes/minerals can influence the physiological changes during smoltification in Atlantic salmon. In this context, we aimed to study if the dEB of the freshwater feeds can be used to pre-adapt the hypoosmotic functionality and the associated effects on mineral metabolism. The dEB of commercial freshwater Atlantic salmon feeds in Norway varied from −9 to 400 mEq kg−1 feed. Three experimental feeds were formulated to study incremental levels of dEB reflecting the low (L-dEB, −50 to 0), median (M-dEB, 200–250) and high (H-dEB, 350–400). Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon parr (36 g) were fed one of the three feeds for 8 weeks in freshwater at 12 °C. The fish were transferred to full strength seawater in indoor tanks and fed a commercial diet for 6 weeks. Growth was not differentially affected by dEB levels, neither in the freshwater phase nor in the seawater. Plasma electrolytes (Na+ and Cl−) and gill mRNA expression of sodium potassium ATPase (NKA a1b, seawater isoform) were significantly lower in L-dEB fed fish. In the intestine, carbonate precipitates 24 h after seawater transfer was higher in fish fed both L-dEB and H-dEB feeds compared to the M-dEB fed fish. Whole body and plasma mineral levels were significantly affected by dEB levels in freshwater feeds. Interestingly, the carryover effect of dEB in freshwater feeds was significant after 6 weeks in seawater for plasma and whole-body Zn status, with the H-dEB fed fish showing significantly increased body Zn status compared to L-dEB and M-dEB fed fish. The study revealed that mineral metabolism and intestinal response to seawater transfer can be pre-adapted by modulating the electrolyte and/or mineral balance in freshwater feeds in Atlantic salmon. Further, dEB did not affect long term development of cataract or vertebral deformities.

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Background: The delivery of high-quality service in nursing homes and homecare requires collaboration and shared understanding among managers, employees, users and policy makers from across the healthcare system. However, conceptualizing healthcare professionals’ perception of quality beyond hospital settings (e.g., its perspectives, defining attributes, quality dimensions, contextual factors, dilemmas) has rarely been done. This study therefore explores the meaning of “quality” among healthcare managers and staff in nursing homes and homecare. Methods: The study applies a cross-sectional qualitative design with focus groups and individual interviews, to capture both depth and breadth of conceptualization of quality from healthcare professionals in nursing homes and homecare. We draw our data from 65 managers and staff in nursing homes and homecare services in Norway and the Netherlands. The participants worked as managers (n = 40), registered nurses (RNs) or assistant nurses (n = 25). Results: The analysis identified the two categories and four sub-categories: “Professional issues: more than firefighting” (subcategories “professional pride” and “competence”) and “patient-centered approach: more than covering basic needs” (subcategories “dignity” and “continuity”). Quality in nursing homes and homecare is conceptualized as an ongoing process based on having the “right competence,” good cooperation across professional groups, and patient-centered care, in line with professional pride and dignity for the patients. Conclusion: Based on the understanding of quality among the healthcare professionals in our study, quality should encompass the softer dimensions of professional pride and competence, as well as a patient-centered approach to care. These dimensions should be factors in improvement activities and in daily practice.

The concept of student partnership has attracted increased attention during the last decade, often due to an assumption that it can mitigate neo-liberal agendas and practices in teaching and learning. A review of definitions and understandings of student partnership models shows that most of the research conducted on this topic has been based on normative assumptions, with less focus on how partnership practices play out in different contexts. In this article an analytical framework for analysing student partnership is introduced and tested through an empirical analysis of collaborative practices in centres for teaching excellence in Norwegian higher education. The key findings are that the diversity and dynamics of student partnership depend on the context in which they operate, but more importantly how different practices of partnership play out in parallel in those educational contexts. The result is often a mix of hybrid practices related to different conceptualizations of student partnership

Learning from incidents is widely accepted as a core part of safety management. This is also true for fires – however few fires in Norway are investigated. Fires are interesting incidents conceptually due to their potential of devastating outcomes on material and human lives and because they happen across all sectors and industries, businesses, and homes. In Norway, several different actors play a role in investigating and learning from fires, from the fire rescue services to directorates and Non-Governmental Organisations. The present study seeks to understand the preconditions for learning from fires in Norway, with emphasis on the formal actors that play a role in preventing and mitigating fires. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative interviews conducted with relevant actors from first responders, authorities, and other sectors. We found that there are structural, cultural, technological, and relational aspects that seem to influence learning from fires in Norway. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis and the Pentagon model framework. The findings are discussed in relation to theories from organisational learning and learning from incidents.

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The concept of student partnership has attracted increased attention during the last decade, often due to an assumption that it can mitigate neo-liberal agendas and practices in teaching and learning. A review of definitions and understandings of student partnership models shows that most of the research conducted on this topic has been based on normative assumptions, with less focus on how partnership practices play out in different contexts. In this article an analytical framework for analysing student partnership is introduced and tested through an empirical analysis of collaborative practices in centres for teaching excellence in Norwegian higher education. The key findings are that the diversity and dynamics of student partnership depend on the context in which they operate, but more importantly how different practices of partnership play out in parallel in those educational contexts. The result is often a mix of hybrid practices related to different conceptualizations of student partnership

Learning from incidents is widely accepted as a core part of safety management. This is also true for fires – however few fires in Norway are investigated. Fires are interesting incidents conceptually due to their potential of devastating outcomes on material and human lives and because they happen across all sectors and industries, businesses, and homes. In Norway, several different actors play a role in investigating and learning from fires, from the fire rescue services to directorates and Non-Governmental Organisations. The present study seeks to understand the preconditions for learning from fires in Norway, with emphasis on the formal actors that play a role in preventing and mitigating fires. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative interviews conducted with relevant actors from first responders, authorities, and other sectors. We found that there are structural, cultural, technological, and relational aspects that seem to influence learning from fires in Norway. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis and the Pentagon model framework. The findings are discussed in relation to theories from organisational learning and learning from incidents.

The earliest dispersal of humans into North America is a contentious subject, and proposed early sites are required to meet the following criteria for acceptance: (1) archaeological evidence is found in a clearly defined and undisturbed geologic context; (2) age is determined by reliable radiometric dating; (3) multiple lines of evidence from interdisciplinary studies provide consistent results; and (4) unquestionable artefacts are found in primary context. Here we describe the Cerutti Mastodon (CM) site, an archaeological site from the early late Pleistocene epoch, where in situ hammerstones and stone anvils occur in spatio-temporal association with fragmentary remains of a single mastodon (Mammut americanum). The CM site contains spiral-fractured bone and molar fragments, indicating that breakage occured while fresh. Several of these fragments also preserve evidence of percussion. The occurrence and distribution of bone, molar and stone refits suggest that breakage occurred at the site of burial. Five large cobbles (hammerstones and anvils) in the CM bone bed display use-wear and impact marks, and are hydraulically anomalous relative to the low-energy context of the enclosing sandy silt stratum. 230 Th/U radiometric analysis of multiple bone specimens using diffusion-adsorption-decay dating models indicates a burial date of 130.7 ± 9.4 thousand years ago. These findings confirm the presence of an unidentified species of Homo at the CM site during the last interglacial period (MIS 5e; early late Pleistocene), indicating that humans with manual dexterity and the experiential knowledge to use hammerstones and anvils processed mastodon limb bones for marrow extraction and/or raw material for tool production. Systematic proboscidean bone reduction, evident at the CM site, fits within a broader pattern of Palaeolithic bone percussion technology in Africa, Eurasia and North America. The CM site is, to our knowledge, the oldest in situ, well-documented archaeological site

The earliest dispersal of humans into North America is a contentious subject, and proposed early sites are required to meet the following criteria for acceptance: (1) archaeological evidence is found in a clearly defined and undisturbed geologic context; (2) age is determined by reliable radiometric dating; (3) multiple lines of evidence from interdisciplinary studies provide consistent results; and (4) unquestionable artefacts are found in primary context. Here we describe the Cerutti Mastodon (CM) site, an archaeological site from the early late Pleistocene epoch, where in situ hammerstones and stone anvils occur in spatio-temporal association with fragmentary remains of a single mastodon (Mammut americanum). The CM site contains spiral-fractured bone and molar fragments, indicating that breakage occured while fresh. Several of these fragments also preserve evidence of percussion. The occurrence and distribution of bone, molar and stone refits suggest that breakage occurred at the site of burial. Five large cobbles (hammerstones and anvils) in the CM bone bed display use-wear and impact marks, and are hydraulically anomalous relative to the low-energy context of the enclosing sandy silt stratum. 230 Th/U radiometric analysis of multiple bone specimens using diffusion-adsorption-decay dating models indicates a burial date of 130.7 ± 9.4 thousand years ago. These findings confirm the presence of an unidentified species of Homo at the CM site during the last interglacial period (MIS 5e; early late Pleistocene), indicating that humans with manual dexterity and the experiential knowledge to use hammerstones and anvils processed mastodon limb bones for marrow extraction and/or raw material for tool production. Systematic proboscidean bone reduction, evident at the CM site, fits within a broader pattern of Palaeolithic bone percussion technology in Africa, Eurasia and North America. The CM site is, to our knowledge, the oldest in situ, well-documented archaeological site

P5A ATPases are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all eukaryotic cells, and their disruption results in severe ER stress. However, the function of these ubiquitous membrane proteins, which belong to the P-type ATPase superfamily, is unknown. We purified a functional tagged version of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae P5A ATPase Spf1p and observed that the ATP hydrolytic activity of the protein is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Furthermore, SPF1 exhibited negative genetic interactions with SAC1, encoding a PI4P phosphatase, and with OSH1 to OSH6, encoding Osh proteins, which, when energized by a PI4P gradient, drive export of sterols and lipids from the ER. Deletion of SPF1 resulted in increased sensitivity to inhibitors of sterol production, a marked change in the ergosterol/lanosterol ratio, accumulation of sterols in the plasma membrane, and cytosolic accumulation of lipid bodies. We propose that Spf1p maintains cellular sterol homeostasis by influencing the PI4P-induced and Osh-mediated export of sterols from the ER.

P5A ATPases are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all eukaryotic cells, and their disruption results in severe ER stress. However, the function of these ubiquitous membrane proteins, which belong to the P-type ATPase superfamily, is unknown. We purified a functional tagged version of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae P5A ATPase Spf1p and observed that the ATP hydrolytic activity of the protein is stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P). Furthermore, SPF1 exhibited negative genetic interactions with SAC1, encoding a PI4P phosphatase, and with OSH1 to OSH6, encoding Osh proteins, which, when energized by a PI4P gradient, drive export of sterols and lipids from the ER. Deletion of SPF1 resulted in increased sensitivity to inhibitors of sterol production, a marked change in the ergosterol/lanosterol ratio, accumulation of sterols in the plasma membrane, and cytosolic accumulation of lipid bodies. We propose that Spf1p maintains cellular sterol homeostasis by influencing the PI4P-induced and Osh-mediated export of sterols from the ER.

Introduction The treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions is controversial. While several trials have investigated the outcome for patients treated surgically, there is today no prospective trial comparing operative treatment with non-operative treatment. This protocol describes the design for the proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)-the first randomised controlled trial of operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal hamstring avulsions. Methods and analysis PHACT is a multicentre randomised controlled trial conducted across Sweden, Norway and Finland. Eligible patients (60 participants/treatment arm) with a proximal hamstring avulsion of at least two of three tendons will be randomised to either operative or non-operative treatment. Participants allocated to surgery will undergo reinsertion of the tendons with suture anchors. The rehabilitation programme will be the same for both treatment groups. When patient or surgeon equipoise for treatment alternatives cannot be reached and randomisation therefore is not possible, patients will be invited to participate in a parallel observational non-randomised cohort. The primary outcome will be the patient-reported outcome measure Perth hamstring assessment tool at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the Lower Extremity Functional Score, physical performance and muscle strength tests, patient satisfaction and MR imaging. Data analysis will be blinded and intention-to-treat analysis will be preformed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University (DNR: 2017-170) and by the Norwegian ethical board (REC: 2017/1911). The study will be conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.

Introduction The treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions is controversial. While several trials have investigated the outcome for patients treated surgically, there is today no prospective trial comparing operative treatment with non-operative treatment. This protocol describes the design for the proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)-the first randomised controlled trial of operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal hamstring avulsions. Methods and analysis PHACT is a multicentre randomised controlled trial conducted across Sweden, Norway and Finland. Eligible patients (60 participants/treatment arm) with a proximal hamstring avulsion of at least two of three tendons will be randomised to either operative or non-operative treatment. Participants allocated to surgery will undergo reinsertion of the tendons with suture anchors. The rehabilitation programme will be the same for both treatment groups. When patient or surgeon equipoise for treatment alternatives cannot be reached and randomisation therefore is not possible, patients will be invited to participate in a parallel observational non-randomised cohort. The primary outcome will be the patient-reported outcome measure Perth hamstring assessment tool at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the Lower Extremity Functional Score, physical performance and muscle strength tests, patient satisfaction and MR imaging. Data analysis will be blinded and intention-to-treat analysis will be preformed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University (DNR: 2017-170) and by the Norwegian ethical board (REC: 2017/1911). The study will be conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications., Funding Agencies|AFA Insurance; Centrum for idrottsforskning, CIF [P2019-0155]; Landstingets Omsesidiga Forsakringsbolag, LOF; Ostergotland County Council

Introduction The treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions is controversial. While several trials have investigated the outcome for patients treated surgically, there is today no prospective trial comparing operative treatment with non-operative treatment. This protocol describes the design for the proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)-the first randomised controlled trial of operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal hamstring avulsions. Methods and analysis PHACT is a multicentre randomised controlled trial conducted across Sweden, Norway and Finland. Eligible patients (60 participants/treatment arm) with a proximal hamstring avulsion of at least two of three tendons will be randomised to either operative or non-operative treatment. Participants allocated to surgery will undergo reinsertion of the tendons with suture anchors. The rehabilitation programme will be the same for both treatment groups. When patient or surgeon equipoise for treatment alternatives cannot be reached and randomisation therefore is not possible, patients will be invited to participate in a parallel observational non-randomised cohort. The primary outcome will be the patient-reported outcome measure Perth hamstring assessment tool at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the Lower Extremity Functional Score, physical performance and muscle strength tests, patient satisfaction and MR imaging. Data analysis will be blinded and intention-to-treat analysis will be preformed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University (DNR: 2017-170) and by the Norwegian ethical board (REC: 2017/1911). The study will be conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.

Introduction The treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions is controversial. While several trials have investigated the outcome for patients treated surgically, there is today no prospective trial comparing operative treatment with non-operative treatment. This protocol describes the design for the proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)-the first randomised controlled trial of operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal hamstring avulsions. Methods and analysis PHACT is a multicentre randomised controlled trial conducted across Sweden, Norway and Finland. Eligible patients (60 participants/treatment arm) with a proximal hamstring avulsion of at least two of three tendons will be randomised to either operative or non-operative treatment. Participants allocated to surgery will undergo reinsertion of the tendons with suture anchors. The rehabilitation programme will be the same for both treatment groups. When patient or surgeon equipoise for treatment alternatives cannot be reached and randomisation therefore is not possible, patients will be invited to participate in a parallel observational non-randomised cohort. The primary outcome will be the patient-reported outcome measure Perth hamstring assessment tool at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the Lower Extremity Functional Score, physical performance and muscle strength tests, patient satisfaction and MR imaging. Data analysis will be blinded and intention-to-treat analysis will be preformed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University (DNR: 2017-170) and by the Norwegian ethical board (REC: 2017/1911). The study will be conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications., Funding Agencies|AFA Insurance; Centrum for idrottsforskning, CIF [P2019-0155]; Landstingets Omsesidiga Forsakringsbolag, LOF; Ostergotland County Council

Introduction The treatment of proximal hamstring avulsions is controversial. While several trials have investigated the outcome for patients treated surgically, there is today no prospective trial comparing operative treatment with non-operative treatment. This protocol describes the design for the proximal hamstring avulsion clinical trial (PHACT)-the first randomised controlled trial of operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal hamstring avulsions. Methods and analysis PHACT is a multicentre randomised controlled trial conducted across Sweden, Norway and Finland. Eligible patients (60 participants/treatment arm) with a proximal hamstring avulsion of at least two of three tendons will be randomised to either operative or non-operative treatment. Participants allocated to surgery will undergo reinsertion of the tendons with suture anchors. The rehabilitation programme will be the same for both treatment groups. When patient or surgeon equipoise for treatment alternatives cannot be reached and randomisation therefore is not possible, patients will be invited to participate in a parallel observational non-randomised cohort. The primary outcome will be the patient-reported outcome measure Perth hamstring assessment tool at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include the Lower Extremity Functional Score, physical performance and muscle strength tests, patient satisfaction and MR imaging. Data analysis will be blinded and intention-to-treat analysis will be preformed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Uppsala University (DNR: 2017-170) and by the Norwegian ethical board (REC: 2017/1911). The study will be conducted in agreement with the Helsinki declaration. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications.