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1. Molecular frame Auger electron energy spectrum from N2

Author

Cryan, J P, Glownia, J M, Andreasson, Jakob, Belkacem, A, Berrah, N, Blaga, C I, Bostedt, C, Bozek, J, Cherepkov, N A, DiMauro, L F, Fang, L, Gessner, O, Guhr, M, Hajdu, Janos, Hertlein, M P, Hoener, M, Kornilov, O, Marangos, J P, March, A M, McFarland, B K, Merdji, H, Messerschmidt, M, Petrović, V S, Raman, C, Ray, D, Reis, D A, Semenov, S K, Trigo, M, White, J L, White, W, Young, L, Bucksbaum, P H, Coffee, R N, Cryan, J P, Glownia, J M, Andreasson, Jakob, Belkacem, A, Berrah, N, Blaga, C I, Bostedt, C, Bozek, J, Cherepkov, N A, DiMauro, L F, Fang, L, Gessner, O, Guhr, M, Hajdu, Janos, Hertlein, M P, Hoener, M, Kornilov, O, Marangos, J P, March, A M, McFarland, B K, Merdji, H, Messerschmidt, M, Petrović, V S, Raman, C, Ray, D, Reis, D A, Semenov, S K, Trigo, M, White, J L, White, W, Young, L, Bucksbaum, P H, and Coffee, R N

Abstract

Here we present the first angle-resolved, non-resonant (normal) Auger spectra for impulsively aligned nitrogen molecules. We have measured the angular pattern of Auger electron emission following K -shell photoionization by 1.1 keV photons from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Using strong-field-induced molecular alignment to make molecular frame measurements is equally effective for both repulsive and quasi-bound final states. The capability to resolve Auger emission angular distributions in the molecular frame of reference provides a new tool for spectral assignments in congested Auger electron spectra that takes advantage of the symmetries of the final diction states. Based on our experimental results and theoretical predictions, we propose the assignment of the spectral features in the Auger electron spectrum.

Published
2012
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2. Explosions of Xenon Clusters in Ultraintense Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from the LCLS Free Electron Laser

Author

Thomas, H., Helal, A., Hoffmann, K., Kandadai, N., Keto, J., Andreasson, Jakob, Iwan, Bianca Stella, Seibert, Marvin, Timneanu, Nicusor, Hajdu, Janos, Adolph, M., Gorkhover, T., Rupp, D., Schorb, S., Möller, T., Doumy, G., DiMauro, L. F., Hoener, M., Murphy, B., Berrah, N., Messerschmidt, M., Bozek, J., Bostedt, C., Ditmire, T., Thomas, H., Helal, A., Hoffmann, K., Kandadai, N., Keto, J., Andreasson, Jakob, Iwan, Bianca Stella, Seibert, Marvin, Timneanu, Nicusor, Hajdu, Janos, Adolph, M., Gorkhover, T., Rupp, D., Schorb, S., Möller, T., Doumy, G., DiMauro, L. F., Hoener, M., Murphy, B., Berrah, N., Messerschmidt, M., Bozek, J., Bostedt, C., and Ditmire, T.

Abstract

Explosions of large Xe clusters (< N > similar to 11 000) irradiated by femtosecond pulses of 850 eV x-ray photons focused to an intensity of up to 1017 W/cm(2) from the Linac Coherent Light Source were investigated experimentally. Measurements of ion charge-state distributions and energy spectra exhibit strong evidence for the formation of a Xe nanoplasma in the intense x-ray pulse. This x-ray produced Xe nanoplasma is accompanied by a three-body recombination and hydrodynamic expansion. These experimental results appear to be consistent with a model in which a spherically exploding nanoplasma is formed inside the Xe cluster and where the plasma temperature is determined by photoionization heating.

Published
2012
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3. Auger Electron Angular Distribution of Double Core-Hole States in the Molecular Reference Frame

Author

Cryan, James P., Glownia, J. M., Andreasson, Jakob, Belkacem, A., Berrah, N., Blaga, C. I., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Buth, C., DiMauro, L. F., Fang, L., Gessner, O., Guehr, M., Hajdu, Janos, Hertlein, M. P., Hoener, M., Kornilov, O., Marangos, J. P., March, A. M., McFarland, B. K., Merdji, H., Petrovic, V. S., Raman, C., Ray, D., Reis, D., Tarantelli, F., Trigo, M., White, J. L., White, W., Young, L., Bucksbaum, P. H., Coffee, R. N., Cryan, James P., Glownia, J. M., Andreasson, Jakob, Belkacem, A., Berrah, N., Blaga, C. I., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., Buth, C., DiMauro, L. F., Fang, L., Gessner, O., Guehr, M., Hajdu, Janos, Hertlein, M. P., Hoener, M., Kornilov, O., Marangos, J. P., March, A. M., McFarland, B. K., Merdji, H., Petrovic, V. S., Raman, C., Ray, D., Reis, D., Tarantelli, F., Trigo, M., White, J. L., White, W., Young, L., Bucksbaum, P. H., and Coffee, R. N.

Abstract

The Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser is a source of high brightness x rays, 2×1011 photons in a ∼5 fs pulse, that can be focused to produce double core vacancies through rapid sequential ionization. This enables double core vacancy Auger electron spectroscopy, an entirely new way to study femtosecond chemical dynamics with Auger electrons that probe the local valence structure of molecules near a specific atomic core. Using 1.1 keV photons for sequential x-ray ionization of impulsively aligned molecular nitrogen, we observed a rich single-site double core vacancy Auger electron spectrum near 413 eV, in good agreement with ab initio calculations, and we measured the corresponding Auger electron angle dependence in the molecular frame.

Published
2010
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4. Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLS

Author

Glownia, James M., Cryan, J., Andreasson, Jakob, Belkacem, A., Berrah, N., Blaga, C. I., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., DiMauro, L. F., Fang, L., Frisch, J., Gessner, O., Guehr, M., Hajdu, Janos, Hertlein, M. P., Hoener, M., Huang, G., Kornilov, O., Marangos, J. P., March, A. M., McFarland, B. K., Merdji, H., Petrovic, V. S., Raman, C., Ray, D., Reis, D. A., Trigo, M., White, J. L., White, W., Wilcox, R., Young, L., Coffee, R. N., Bucksbaum, P. H., Glownia, James M., Cryan, J., Andreasson, Jakob, Belkacem, A., Berrah, N., Blaga, C. I., Bostedt, C., Bozek, J., DiMauro, L. F., Fang, L., Frisch, J., Gessner, O., Guehr, M., Hajdu, Janos, Hertlein, M. P., Hoener, M., Huang, G., Kornilov, O., Marangos, J. P., March, A. M., McFarland, B. K., Merdji, H., Petrovic, V. S., Raman, C., Ray, D., Reis, D. A., Trigo, M., White, J. L., White, W., Wilcox, R., Young, L., Coffee, R. N., and Bucksbaum, P. H.

Abstract

The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. The largest contribution to the jitter noise spectrum was the locking of the laser oscillator to the reference RF of the accelerator, which suggests that simple technical improvements could reduce the jitter to better than 50 fs.

Published
2010
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5. Short-pulse Laser Induced Transient Structure Formation and Ablation Studied with Time-resolved Coherent XUV-scattering

Author

Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus, Barty, Anton, Boutet, Sebastien, Shymanovich, Uladzimir, Chapman, Henry, Bogan, Mike, Marchesini, Stefano, Hau-Riege, Stefan, Stojanovic, Nikola, Bonse, Jörn, Rosandi, Yudi, Urbassek, Herbert M., Tobey, Ra’anan, Ehrke, Henri, Cavalleri, Andrea, Duesterer, Stefan, Redlin, Harald, Frank, Matthias, Bajt, Sasa, Schulz, Joachim, Seibert, Marvin, Hajdu, Janos, Treusch, Rolf, Bostedt, Christoph, Hoener, M., Moeller, T., Sokolowski-Tinten, Klaus, Barty, Anton, Boutet, Sebastien, Shymanovich, Uladzimir, Chapman, Henry, Bogan, Mike, Marchesini, Stefano, Hau-Riege, Stefan, Stojanovic, Nikola, Bonse, Jörn, Rosandi, Yudi, Urbassek, Herbert M., Tobey, Ra’anan, Ehrke, Henri, Cavalleri, Andrea, Duesterer, Stefan, Redlin, Harald, Frank, Matthias, Bajt, Sasa, Schulz, Joachim, Seibert, Marvin, Hajdu, Janos, Treusch, Rolf, Bostedt, Christoph, Hoener, M., and Moeller, T.

Abstract

The structural dynamics of short-pulse laser irradiated surfaces and nano-structures has been studied with nm spatial and ultrafast temporal resolution by means of single-shot coherent XUV-scattering techniques. The experiments allowed us to time-resolve the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures, and to follow the expansion and disintegration of nano-objects during laser ablation., International Symposium on High Power Laser Ablation 2010, Santa Fe, NM, APR 18-22, 2010

Published
2010
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6. Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser

Author

Chapman, HN, Chapman, HN, Barty, A, Bogan, MJ, Boutet, S, Frank, M, Hau-Riege, SP, Marchesini, S, Woods, BW, Bajt, S, Benner, WH, London, RA, Plönjes, E, Kuhlmann, M, Treusch, R, Düsterer, S, Tschentscher, T, Schneider, JR, Spiller, E, Möller, T, Bostedt, C, Hoener, M, Shapiro, DA, Hodgson, KO, Van Der Spoel, D, Burmeister, F, Bergh, M, Caleman, C, Huldt, G, Seibert, MM, Maia, FRNC, Lee, RW, Szöke, A, Timneanu, N, Hajdu, J, Chapman, HN, Chapman, HN, Barty, A, Bogan, MJ, Boutet, S, Frank, M, Hau-Riege, SP, Marchesini, S, Woods, BW, Bajt, S, Benner, WH, London, RA, Plönjes, E, Kuhlmann, M, Treusch, R, Düsterer, S, Tschentscher, T, Schneider, JR, Spiller, E, Möller, T, Bostedt, C, Hoener, M, Shapiro, DA, Hodgson, KO, Van Der Spoel, D, Burmeister, F, Bergh, M, Caleman, C, Huldt, G, Seibert, MM, Maia, FRNC, Lee, RW, Szöke, A, Timneanu, N, and Hajdu, J

Abstract

Theory predicts that, with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into a plasma. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of this principle using the FLASH soft-X-ray free-electron laser. An intense 25 fs, 4×10 13 W cm -2 pulse, containing 10 12 photons at 32 nm wavelength, produced a coherent diffraction pattern from a nanostructured non-periodic object, before destroying it at 60,000 K. A novel X-ray camera assured single-photon detection sensitivity by filtering out parasitic scattering and plasma radiation. The reconstructed image, obtained directly from the coherent pattern by phase retrieval through oversampling, shows no measurable damage, and is reconstructed at the diffraction-limited resolution. A three-dimensional data set may be assembled from such images when copies of a reproducible sample are exposed to the beam one by one. © 2006 Nature Publishing Group.

Published
2006

7. Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-X-ray free-electron laser

Author

Chapman, HN, Chapman, HN, Barty, A, Bogan, MJ, Boutet, S, Frank, M, Hau-Riege, SP, Marchesini, S, Woods, BW, Bajt, S, Benner, WH, London, RA, Plönjes, E, Kuhlmann, M, Treusch, R, Düsterer, S, Tschentscher, T, Schneider, JR, Spiller, E, Möller, T, Bostedt, C, Hoener, M, Shapiro, DA, Hodgson, KO, Van Der Spoel, D, Burmeister, F, Bergh, M, Caleman, C, Huldt, G, Seibert, MM, Maia, FRNC, Lee, RW, Szöke, A, Timneanu, N, Hajdu, J, Chapman, HN, Chapman, HN, Barty, A, Bogan, MJ, Boutet, S, Frank, M, Hau-Riege, SP, Marchesini, S, Woods, BW, Bajt, S, Benner, WH, London, RA, Plönjes, E, Kuhlmann, M, Treusch, R, Düsterer, S, Tschentscher, T, Schneider, JR, Spiller, E, Möller, T, Bostedt, C, Hoener, M, Shapiro, DA, Hodgson, KO, Van Der Spoel, D, Burmeister, F, Bergh, M, Caleman, C, Huldt, G, Seibert, MM, Maia, FRNC, Lee, RW, Szöke, A, Timneanu, N, and Hajdu, J

Abstract

Theory predicts that, with an ultrashort and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse, a single diffraction pattern may be recorded from a large macromolecule, a virus or a cell before the sample explodes and turns into a plasma. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of this principle using the FLASH soft-X-ray free-electron laser. An intense 25 fs, 4×10 13 W cm -2 pulse, containing 10 12 photons at 32 nm wavelength, produced a coherent diffraction pattern from a nanostructured non-periodic object, before destroying it at 60,000 K. A novel X-ray camera assured single-photon detection sensitivity by filtering out parasitic scattering and plasma radiation. The reconstructed image, obtained directly from the coherent pattern by phase retrieval through oversampling, shows no measurable damage, and is reconstructed at the diffraction-limited resolution. A three-dimensional data set may be assembled from such images when copies of a reproducible sample are exposed to the beam one by one. © 2006 Nature Publishing Group.

Published
2006

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