1. Frequency drift in MR spectroscopy at 3T
- Author
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Hui, SCN, Mikkelsen, M, Zollner, HJ, Ahluwalia, V, Alcauter, S, Baltusis, L, Barany, DA, Barlow, LR, Becker, R, Berman, J, Berrington, A, Bhattacharyya, PK, Blicher, JU, Bogner, W, Brown, MS, Calhoun, VD, Castillo, R, Cecil, KM, Choi, YB, Chu, WCW, Clarke, WT, Craven, AR, Cuypers, K, Dacko, M, de la Fuente-Sandoval, C, Desmond, P, Domagalik, A, Dumont, J, Duncan, NW, Dydak, U, Dyke, K, Edmondson, DA, Ende, G, Ersland, L, Evans, CJ, Fermin, ASR, Ferretti, A, Fillmer, A, Gong, T, Greenhouse, I, Grist, JT, Gu, M, Harris, AD, Hatz, K, Heba, S, Heckova, E, Hegarty, JP, Heise, K-F, Honda, S, Jacobson, A, Jansen, JFA, Jenkins, CW, Johnston, SJ, Juchem, C, Kangarlu, A, Kerr, AB, Landheer, K, Lange, T, Lee, P, Levendovszky, SR, Limperopoulos, C, Liu, F, Lloyd, W, Lythgoe, DJ, Machizawa, MG, MacMillan, EL, Maddock, RJ, Manzhurtsev, A, Martinez-Gudino, ML, Miller, JJ, Mirzakhanian, H, Moreno-Ortega, M, Mullins, PG, Nakajima, S, Near, J, Noeske, R, Nordhoy, W, Oeltzschner, G, Osorio-Duran, R, Otaduy, MCG, Pasaye, EH, Peeters, R, Peltier, SJ, Pilatus, U, Polomac, N, Porges, EC, Pradhan, S, Prisciandaro, JJ, Puts, NA, Rae, CD, Reyes-Madrigal, F, Roberts, TPL, Robertson, CE, Rosenberg, JT, Rotaru, D-G, Tuura, RLO, Saleh, MG, Sandberg, K, Sangill, R, Schembri, K, Schrantee, A, Semenova, NA, Singel, D, Sitnikov, R, Smith, J, Song, Y, Stark, C, Stoffers, D, Swinnen, SP, Tain, R, Tanase, C, Tapper, S, Tegenthoff, M, Thiel, T, Thioux, M, Truong, P, van Dijk, P, Vella, N, Vidyasagar, R, Vovk, A, Wang, G, Westlye, LT, Wilbur, TK, Willoughby, WR, Wilson, M, Wittsack, H-J, Woods, AJ, Wu, Y-C, Xu, J, Lopez, MY, Yeung, DKW, Zhao, Q, Zhou, X, Zupan, G, Edden, RAE, Hui, SCN, Mikkelsen, M, Zollner, HJ, Ahluwalia, V, Alcauter, S, Baltusis, L, Barany, DA, Barlow, LR, Becker, R, Berman, J, Berrington, A, Bhattacharyya, PK, Blicher, JU, Bogner, W, Brown, MS, Calhoun, VD, Castillo, R, Cecil, KM, Choi, YB, Chu, WCW, Clarke, WT, Craven, AR, Cuypers, K, Dacko, M, de la Fuente-Sandoval, C, Desmond, P, Domagalik, A, Dumont, J, Duncan, NW, Dydak, U, Dyke, K, Edmondson, DA, Ende, G, Ersland, L, Evans, CJ, Fermin, ASR, Ferretti, A, Fillmer, A, Gong, T, Greenhouse, I, Grist, JT, Gu, M, Harris, AD, Hatz, K, Heba, S, Heckova, E, Hegarty, JP, Heise, K-F, Honda, S, Jacobson, A, Jansen, JFA, Jenkins, CW, Johnston, SJ, Juchem, C, Kangarlu, A, Kerr, AB, Landheer, K, Lange, T, Lee, P, Levendovszky, SR, Limperopoulos, C, Liu, F, Lloyd, W, Lythgoe, DJ, Machizawa, MG, MacMillan, EL, Maddock, RJ, Manzhurtsev, A, Martinez-Gudino, ML, Miller, JJ, Mirzakhanian, H, Moreno-Ortega, M, Mullins, PG, Nakajima, S, Near, J, Noeske, R, Nordhoy, W, Oeltzschner, G, Osorio-Duran, R, Otaduy, MCG, Pasaye, EH, Peeters, R, Peltier, SJ, Pilatus, U, Polomac, N, Porges, EC, Pradhan, S, Prisciandaro, JJ, Puts, NA, Rae, CD, Reyes-Madrigal, F, Roberts, TPL, Robertson, CE, Rosenberg, JT, Rotaru, D-G, Tuura, RLO, Saleh, MG, Sandberg, K, Sangill, R, Schembri, K, Schrantee, A, Semenova, NA, Singel, D, Sitnikov, R, Smith, J, Song, Y, Stark, C, Stoffers, D, Swinnen, SP, Tain, R, Tanase, C, Tapper, S, Tegenthoff, M, Thiel, T, Thioux, M, Truong, P, van Dijk, P, Vella, N, Vidyasagar, R, Vovk, A, Wang, G, Westlye, LT, Wilbur, TK, Willoughby, WR, Wilson, M, Wittsack, H-J, Woods, AJ, Wu, Y-C, Xu, J, Lopez, MY, Yeung, DKW, Zhao, Q, Zhou, X, Zupan, G, and Edden, RAE
- Abstract
PURPOSE: Heating of gradient coils and passive shim components is a common cause of instability in the B0 field, especially when gradient intensive sequences are used. The aim of the study was to set a benchmark for typical drift encountered during MR spectroscopy (MRS) to assess the need for real-time field-frequency locking on MRI scanners by comparing field drift data from a large number of sites. METHOD: A standardized protocol was developed for 80 participating sites using 99 3T MR scanners from 3 major vendors. Phantom water signals were acquired before and after an EPI sequence. The protocol consisted of: minimal preparatory imaging; a short pre-fMRI PRESS; a ten-minute fMRI acquisition; and a long post-fMRI PRESS acquisition. Both pre- and post-fMRI PRESS were non-water suppressed. Real-time frequency stabilization/adjustment was switched off when appropriate. Sixty scanners repeated the protocol for a second dataset. In addition, a three-hour post-fMRI MRS acquisition was performed at one site to observe change of gradient temperature and drift rate. Spectral analysis was performed using MATLAB. Frequency drift in pre-fMRI PRESS data were compared with the first 5:20 minutes and the full 30:00 minutes of data after fMRI. Median (interquartile range) drifts were measured and showed in violin plot. Paired t-tests were performed to compare frequency drift pre- and post-fMRI. A simulated in vivo spectrum was generated using FID-A to visualize the effect of the observed frequency drifts. The simulated spectrum was convolved with the frequency trace for the most extreme cases. Impacts of frequency drifts on NAA and GABA were also simulated as a function of linear drift. Data from the repeated protocol were compared with the corresponding first dataset using Pearson's and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: Of the data collected from 99 scanners, 4 were excluded due to various reasons. Thus, data from 95 scanners were ultimately analyzed. For the f
- Published
- 2021