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1. World Ocean Assessment II, Chapter 09, Pressures from changes in climate and atmosphere

Author

García-Soto, Carlos, Breitburg, D., Campillos-Llanos, Mónica, Castillo-Briceño, Patricia, Chiba, Sanae, Collins, M., Esnaola, G., Evans, Karen, Firth, Louise, Frölicher, Thomas, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Halpern, D., Hunter, K. L., Ibarra, G., Kim, S. Y., Koll, R. M., McInnes, Kathleen, Sáenz, J., Vu, C., Ward, B., Zielinski, Tymon, García-Soto, Carlos, Breitburg, D., Campillos-Llanos, Mónica, Castillo-Briceño, Patricia, Chiba, Sanae, Collins, M., Esnaola, G., Evans, Karen, Firth, Louise, Frölicher, Thomas, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Halpern, D., Hunter, K. L., Ibarra, G., Kim, S. Y., Koll, R. M., McInnes, Kathleen, Sáenz, J., Vu, C., Ward, B., and Zielinski, Tymon

Abstract

KEYNOTE POINTS 1. Extreme climate events. Marine heatwaves and tropical cyclones are shown to be increasing in severity owing to human activities and are having an impact on nature and human societies. Extreme El Niño events have been observed but, because they occur infrequently, a human influence has not been detected. All three phenomena are projected to increase in the future, with the severity of impacts also increasing, but such increases can be reduced by climate change mitigation efforts. 2. Sea level rise. The alarming observed pace of sea level rise, combined with increasing storminess and coastal urbanization, has resulted in the amplified susceptibility of coastal cities to erosion and flooding and increased the need for substantial investments in hard infrastructure and the restoration of natural barriers, such as reefs. 3. Ocean acidification and deoxygenating. The accelerated increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere is creating an increase in the acidification and deoxygenation of the ocean. Under such conditions, both in nature and in the laboratory, marine organisms that support ecosystems and human livelihoods and nutrition typically respond poorly. Marine habitats experience a loss of diversity, many long-lived organisms die and a few resilient species proliferate. Less serious damage to life-supporting ecosystems would be possible under lower-emission scenarios. 4. Other physical and chemical properties. Changes in ocean temperature and salinity induced by climate change and human activities are affecting marine ecosystems by changing the distribution of marine species, decreasing the ecological value of coastal ecosystems and changing marine primary production. Human well-being and the economy are consequently affected.

Published
2021

2. Horizon scanning to predict and prioritize invasive alien species with the potential to threaten human health and economies on Cyprus

Author

Peyton, Jodey M., Martinou, Angeliki F., Adriaens, Tim, Chartosia, Niki, Karachle, Paraskevi K., Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Tricarico, Elena, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bacher, Sven, Bazos, Ioannis, Brundu, Giuseppe, Bruno-McClung, Elizabeth, Charalambidou, Iris, Demetriou, Monica, Galanidi, Marika, Galil, Bella, Guillem, Rhian, Hadjiafxentis, Kypros, Hadjioannou, Louis, Hadjistylli, Margarita, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Jimenez, Carlos, Johnstone, Graham, Kleitou, Periklis, Kletou, Demetris, Koukkoularidou, Despina, Leontiou, Stalo, Maczey, Norbert, Michailidis, Nikolas, Mountford, John Owen, Papatheodoulou, Athina, Pescott, Oliver L., Phanis, Constantinos, Preda, Cristina, Rorke, Steph, Shaw, Richard, Solarz, Wojciech, Taylor, Chris D., Trajanovski, Saso, Tziortzis, Iakovos, Tzirkalli, Elli, Uludag, Ahmet, Vimercati, Giovanni, Zdraveski, Konstantin, Zenetos, Argyro, Roy, Helen E., Peyton, Jodey M., Martinou, Angeliki F., Adriaens, Tim, Chartosia, Niki, Karachle, Paraskevi K., Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Tricarico, Elena, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bacher, Sven, Bazos, Ioannis, Brundu, Giuseppe, Bruno-McClung, Elizabeth, Charalambidou, Iris, Demetriou, Monica, Galanidi, Marika, Galil, Bella, Guillem, Rhian, Hadjiafxentis, Kypros, Hadjioannou, Louis, Hadjistylli, Margarita, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Jimenez, Carlos, Johnstone, Graham, Kleitou, Periklis, Kletou, Demetris, Koukkoularidou, Despina, Leontiou, Stalo, Maczey, Norbert, Michailidis, Nikolas, Mountford, John Owen, Papatheodoulou, Athina, Pescott, Oliver L., Phanis, Constantinos, Preda, Cristina, Rorke, Steph, Shaw, Richard, Solarz, Wojciech, Taylor, Chris D., Trajanovski, Saso, Tziortzis, Iakovos, Tzirkalli, Elli, Uludag, Ahmet, Vimercati, Giovanni, Zdraveski, Konstantin, Zenetos, Argyro, and Roy, Helen E.

Abstract

Invasive alien species (IAS) are known to be a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function and there is increasing evidence of their impacts on human health and economies globally. We undertook horizon scanning using expert-elicitation to predict arrivals of IAS that could have adverse human health or economic impacts on the island of Cyprus. Three hundred and twenty five IAS comprising 89 plants, 37 freshwater animals, 61 terrestrial invertebrates, 93 terrestrial vertebrates, and 45 marine species, were assessed during a two-day workshop involving 39 participants to derive two ranked lists: (1) IAS with potential human health impacts (20 species ranked within two bands: 1–10 species or 11–20 species); and, (2) IAS with potential economic impacts (50 species ranked in three bands of 1–10, 11–20, and 21–50). Five species of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes flavopictus, Aedes japonicus, and Culex quinquefasciatus) were considered a potential threat to both human health and economies. It was evident that the IAS identified through this process could potentially arrive through many pathways (25 and 23 pathways were noted for the top 20 IAS on the human health and economic impact lists respectively). The Convention on Biological Diversity Level II (subcategory) pathways Contaminant on plants, pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species), hitchhikers in or on aeroplanes, hitchhikers in or on ship/boats, and vehicles were the main pathways that arose across both lists. We discuss the potential of horizon scanning lists to inform biosecurity policies and communication around IAS, highlighting the importance of increasing understanding amongst all stakeholders, including the public, to reduce the risks associated with predicted IAS arrivals.

Published
2020

3. Pressures from changes in climate and atmosphere.

Author

García-Soto, Carlos, Breitburg, Denise, Campillos-Llanos, Mónica, Castillo-Briceño, Patricia, Chiba, Sanae, Collins, Matthew, Esnaola, G., Evans, Karen, Firth, Louise, Frölicher, Thomas, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Halpern, David, Hunter, Karen L., Ibarra, Gabriel, Kim, Sungyong, Koll, Roxy M., McInnes, Kathleen, Saenz, Jon, Ca Thanh Vu Vu, Ward, Bess, Zielinski, Tymon, García-Soto, Carlos, Breitburg, Denise, Campillos-Llanos, Mónica, Castillo-Briceño, Patricia, Chiba, Sanae, Collins, Matthew, Esnaola, G., Evans, Karen, Firth, Louise, Frölicher, Thomas, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Halpern, David, Hunter, Karen L., Ibarra, Gabriel, Kim, Sungyong, Koll, Roxy M., McInnes, Kathleen, Saenz, Jon, Ca Thanh Vu Vu, Ward, Bess, and Zielinski, Tymon

Published
2020

4. Horizon scanning to predict and prioritize invasive alien species with the potential to threaten human health and economies on Cyprus

Author

Peyton, Jodey M., Martinou, Angeliki F., Adriaens, Tim, Chartosia, Niki, Karachle, Paraskevi K., Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Tricarico, Elena, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bacher, Sven, Bazos, Ioannis, Brundu, Giuseppe, Bruno-McClung, Elizabeth, Charalambidou, Iris, Demetriou, Monica, Galanidi, Marika, Galil, Bella, Guillem, Rhian, Hadjiafxentis, Kypros, Hadjioannou, Louis, Hadjistylli, Margarita, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Jimenez, Carlos, Johnstone, Graham, Kleitou, Periklis, Kletou, Demetris, Koukkoularidou, Despina, Leontiou, Stalo, Maczey, Norbert, Michailidis, Nikolas, Mountford, John Owen, Papatheodoulou, Athina, Pescott, Oliver L., Phanis, Constantinos, Preda, Cristina, Rorke, Steph, Shaw, Richard, Solarz, Wojciech, Taylor, Chris D., Trajanovski, Saso, Tziortzis, Iakovos, Tzirkalli, Elli, Uludag, Ahmet, Vimercati, Giovanni, Zdraveski, Konstantin, Zenetos, Argyro, Roy, Helen E., Peyton, Jodey M., Martinou, Angeliki F., Adriaens, Tim, Chartosia, Niki, Karachle, Paraskevi K., Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Tricarico, Elena, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bacher, Sven, Bazos, Ioannis, Brundu, Giuseppe, Bruno-McClung, Elizabeth, Charalambidou, Iris, Demetriou, Monica, Galanidi, Marika, Galil, Bella, Guillem, Rhian, Hadjiafxentis, Kypros, Hadjioannou, Louis, Hadjistylli, Margarita, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Jimenez, Carlos, Johnstone, Graham, Kleitou, Periklis, Kletou, Demetris, Koukkoularidou, Despina, Leontiou, Stalo, Maczey, Norbert, Michailidis, Nikolas, Mountford, John Owen, Papatheodoulou, Athina, Pescott, Oliver L., Phanis, Constantinos, Preda, Cristina, Rorke, Steph, Shaw, Richard, Solarz, Wojciech, Taylor, Chris D., Trajanovski, Saso, Tziortzis, Iakovos, Tzirkalli, Elli, Uludag, Ahmet, Vimercati, Giovanni, Zdraveski, Konstantin, Zenetos, Argyro, and Roy, Helen E.

Abstract

Invasive alien species (IAS) are known to be a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function and there is increasing evidence of their impacts on human health and economies globally. We undertook horizon scanning using expert-elicitation to predict arrivals of IAS that could have adverse human health or economic impacts on the island of Cyprus. Three hundred and twenty five IAS comprising 89 plants, 37 freshwater animals, 61 terrestrial invertebrates, 93 terrestrial vertebrates, and 45 marine species, were assessed during a two-day workshop involving 39 participants to derive two ranked lists: (1) IAS with potential human health impacts (20 species ranked within two bands: 1–10 species or 11–20 species); and, (2) IAS with potential economic impacts (50 species ranked in three bands of 1–10, 11–20, and 21–50). Five species of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes flavopictus, Aedes japonicus, and Culex quinquefasciatus) were considered a potential threat to both human health and economies. It was evident that the IAS identified through this process could potentially arrive through many pathways (25 and 23 pathways were noted for the top 20 IAS on the human health and economic impact lists respectively). The Convention on Biological Diversity Level II (subcategory) pathways Contaminant on plants, pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species), hitchhikers in or on aeroplanes, hitchhikers in or on ship/boats, and vehicles were the main pathways that arose across both lists. We discuss the potential of horizon scanning lists to inform biosecurity policies and communication around IAS, highlighting the importance of increasing understanding amongst all stakeholders, including the public, to reduce the risks associated with predicted IAS arrivals.

Published
2020

5. Expected Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Mediterranean Marine Life

Author

Bray, Laura, Reizopoulou, Sofia, Voukouvalas, Evangelos, Soukissian, Takvor, Alomar, Carme, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Deudero, Salud, Attrill, Martin James, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Bray, Laura, Reizopoulou, Sofia, Voukouvalas, Evangelos, Soukissian, Takvor, Alomar, Carme, Vázquez-Luis, Maite, Deudero, Salud, Attrill, Martin James, and Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael

Abstract

Current climate policy and issues of energy security mean wind farms are being built at an increasing rate to meet energy demand. As wind farm development is very likely in the Mediterranean Sea, we provide an assessment of the offshore wind potential and identify expected biological effects of such developments in the region. We break new ground here by identifying potential offshore wind farm (OWF) “hotspots” in the Mediterranean. Using lessons learned in Northern Europe, and small-scale experiments in the Mediterranean, we identify sensitive species and habitats that will likely be influenced by OWFs in both these hotspot areas and at a basin level. This information will be valuable to guide policy governing OWF development and will inform the industry as and when environmental impact assessments are required for the Mediterranean Sea

Published
2016

6. Report of the ICES-NAFO Joint Working Group on Deep-water Ecology (WGDEC)

Author

Crawford-Avis, Oliver, Auster, Peter, Aksel, Odd, Buhl-Mortensen, Pal, Colaço, Ana, Duarte, Rafael, Durán-Muñoz, Pablo, Ellwood, Helen, Golding, Neil, Grehan, Anthony, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Henry, Lea Anne, Howell, Kerry, Ingels, Jeroen, Johnston, Graham, Jorgensbye Hansen, Helle, Kanishchev, Alexey, Kenchington, Ellen, Kenny, Andrew, Menot, Lenaick, Neat, Francis, Nieto-Conde, Fernando, Robson, Laura, Ross, Steve, Secher, Ole, Kinnichenko, Vladimir, Watling, Les, Pinto, Carlos, ICES, Crawford-Avis, Oliver, Auster, Peter, Aksel, Odd, Buhl-Mortensen, Pal, Colaço, Ana, Duarte, Rafael, Durán-Muñoz, Pablo, Ellwood, Helen, Golding, Neil, Grehan, Anthony, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Henry, Lea Anne, Howell, Kerry, Ingels, Jeroen, Johnston, Graham, Jorgensbye Hansen, Helle, Kanishchev, Alexey, Kenchington, Ellen, Kenny, Andrew, Menot, Lenaick, Neat, Francis, Nieto-Conde, Fernando, Robson, Laura, Ross, Steve, Secher, Ole, Kinnichenko, Vladimir, Watling, Les, Pinto, Carlos, and ICES

Published
2014

7. Report of the ICES-NAFO Joint Working Group on Deep-Water Ecology (WGDEC)

Author

Ardron, Jeff, Auster, Peter, Bergstad, Odd Aksel, Brock, Robert, Duarte, Rafael, Durán-Muñoz, Pablo, Ellwood, Helen, Ingels, Jeroen, Golding, Neil, Grehan, Anthony, Guillaumont, Brigitte, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Henry, Lea Anne, Howell, Kerry, Kenchington, Ellen, Buhl-Mortensen, Pal, Neat, Francis, Nieto-Conde, Fernando, Suhangulova, Karina, Secher, Ole, Vinnichenko, Vladimir, Watling, Les, ICES, Ardron, Jeff, Auster, Peter, Bergstad, Odd Aksel, Brock, Robert, Duarte, Rafael, Durán-Muñoz, Pablo, Ellwood, Helen, Ingels, Jeroen, Golding, Neil, Grehan, Anthony, Guillaumont, Brigitte, Hall-Spencer, Jason Michael, Henry, Lea Anne, Howell, Kerry, Kenchington, Ellen, Buhl-Mortensen, Pal, Neat, Francis, Nieto-Conde, Fernando, Suhangulova, Karina, Secher, Ole, Vinnichenko, Vladimir, Watling, Les, and ICES

Published
2012

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