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Setareh Mamishi,1,2 Zohreh Shalchi,3 Shima Mahmoudi,1 Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi,1 Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani,4 Babak Pourakbari1 1Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Pediatrics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; 4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Babak PourakbariPediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Gharib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, IranTel/ Fax +98 021 6642 8996Email pourakbari@tums.ac.irIntroduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in childhood, and the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents against it has become a major concern. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance and genotyping of bacteria isolated from urine cultures in patients referred to the Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.Methods: During the 1-year period, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of strains isolated from patients with UTI were determined. Typing of the isolates causing nosocomial infections was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and the results were analyzed by Gelcompar II software.Results: In this study, 203 children (130 girls and 73 boys) were included. The patients’ age ranged from 1 day to 16 years (IQR average=4 months to 4 years). The most frequent isolated organisms were Escherichia coli (118 isolates, 58%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (30 isolates, 15%). Sixty-two strains (18 strains of E. coli, 13 strains of K. pneumoniae, 11 strains of Enterococcus f

Setareh Mamishi,1,2 Maryam Mohammadian,1 Babak Pourakbari,2 Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi,2 Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani,3 Mohammad Reza Abdosalehi,1 Maryam Rahmani,4 Shima Mahmoudi2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Pathology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Shima MahmoudiPediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No.62, Gharib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, IranTel/Fax +98-21-6642-8996Email sh-mahmoudi@sina.tums.ac.irIntroduction: A serious problem affecting human society is the development of bacterial resistance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and genotyping of common GPB causing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in patients who were referred to Children’s Medical Center during a 6-month period by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR).Methods: During the 6-month period, antimicrobial resistance profiles of GPB isolates recovered from patients in Children’s Medical Center were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion and MIC. Typing of common GPB was performed and the results were analyzed by gel compare software.Results: In this cross-sectional study, 6524 cultures were performed and 138 Ggram-positive bacteria were isolated (2%). Staphylococcus aureus strains showed the highest antibiotic penicillin resistance (96.3%

Setareh Mamishi,1,2 Shima Mahmoudi,2 Naimeh Naserzadeh,1 Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi,2 Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani,3 Abbas Bahador,4 Mohammad Reza Abdosalehi,1 Maryam Rahmani,5 Babak Pourakbari2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Pathology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Microbiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 5Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Babak PourakbariPediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 62 Gharib Street, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, IranTel +98 21 6642 8996Fax +98 21 6642 8996Email pourakbari@tums.ac.irBackground and aim: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major problem worldwide. Understanding patterns of bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility is vital to combating HAI. Besides, typing of isolates is important to establish the intra-hospital surveillance of resistant clones. In this study, we aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistance and genotyping of a number of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing HAI in patients who were referred to Children’s Medical Center.Methods: During the 6-month period, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of GNB isolates recovered from patients in Children’s Medical Center were determined. Typing of common GNB was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and the results were analyzed by Gelcompar II software.Results: In total, 142 (1.1%) gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated, among which 59.2% were from males. The most org

Shima Mahmoudi,1 Setareh Mamishi,1,2 Mohsen Mohammadi,2 Maryam Banar,1 Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani,3 Masoumeh Mahzari,2 Abbas Bahador,4 Babak Pourakbari1 1Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Backgrounds: The aim of this study was to evaluate both phenotypic and genotypic determinants of mupirocin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains recovered from different clinical samples of children who were admitted to the Children’s Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Materials and methods: A total of 120 clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from the microbiology laboratory of CMC Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents was determined by disk diffusion method. The methicillin resistance phenotype (MRSA) was identified using a 30 µg cefoxitin disk. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mupirocin was determined by broth microdilution method. Strains with mupirocin MIC between 8 and 256 µg/mL were considered as low-level mupirocin resistant (LLMR), and strains with an MIC≥512 µg/mL were considered as high-level mupirocin resistant (HLMR). The presence of genes encoding HLMR (ie, mupA and mupB genes) was evaluated by PCR method. Results: Four out of 120 isolates (3%) had mupirocin MIC≥512 µg/mL and were HLMR; however, no LLMR isolate was detected. Fifty-two isolates (43%) were MRSA, and there were no differences in the distribution of mupirocin resistance among MRSA and MSSA isolates (P>0.

Candida spp. especially Candida albicans is considered as one of the most common cause of fungal infections. The aim of our study was to determine epidemiology of candiduria in children who were referred to an Iranian referral hospital. During May 2011 to February 2013, among 4813 urine culture positive, 209 candida spp. isolates (4.3%) was found. Forty-one percent of cadiduria infection was seen in patients between 1 month and 1 year, 24% in neonatant and 24% in patients 1 to 5 years. Cadiduria was mainly found in patients who had received more than 2 or 3 antibiotic during their hospitalization (37% and 24%, respectively). In our study, the highest frequency of cadiduria was seen in patients who had received more than 2 antibiotics and more than 3 antibiotics during their hospitalization; therefore, the strategic goals to opti- mize antimicrobial use including optimizing choice and duration of empiric therapy as well as monitoring and providing feedback regarding antibiotic resistance are recommended.

Candida spp. especially Candida albicans is considered as one of the most common cause of fungal infections. The aim of our study was to determine epidemiology of candiduria in children who were referred to an Iranian referral hospital. During May 2011 to February 2013, among 4813 urine culture positive, 209 candida spp. isolates (4.3%) was found. Forty-one percent of cadiduria infection was seen in patients between 1 month and 1 year, 24% in neonatant and 24% in patients 1 to 5 years. Cadiduria was mainly found in patients who had received more than 2 or 3 antibiotic during their hospitalization (37% and 24%, respectively). In our study, the highest frequency of cadiduria was seen in patients who had received more than 2 antibiotics and more than 3 antibiotics during their hospitalization; therefore, the strategic goals to opti- mize antimicrobial use including optimizing choice and duration of empiric therapy as well as monitoring and providing feedback regarding antibiotic resistance are recommended.