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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the Partnering for Vaccine Equity (P4VE) program in 2021 to address racial and ethnic disparities in adult immunization rates, particularly for COVID-19 and influenza. The P4VE program allocated $156 million to over 500 national, state, and community-based organizations (CBOs) to improve equitable access to vaccination in underserved communities by promoting vaccine confidence and addressing barriers to vaccination opportunities.The Urban Institute (Urban) was one of several national intermediary entities responsible for recruiting, overseeing, and providing technical assistance to CBOs participating in the P4VE program. This report describes the experiences of Urban's 24 CBO awardees and the technical support the Urban team provided them to implement vaccine equity projects in the third year of the P4VE program.

Oklahoma women have worse maternal health outcomes and worse access to maternity care than women nationwide. And Black Oklahoma women are more likely to die from pregnancy-related conditions than white women. Most pregnancy-related deaths are preventable, suggesting that improving access to and the quality of maternity care could reduce maternal mortality. Evidence shows that women with healthy pregnancies who receive care from midwives have better outcomes at a lower cost than women who receive traditional maternity care. Establishing a midwifery educational program in Oklahoma focused on training and supporting Black midwives presents an opportunity to expand access to the midwifery model of care, which could lead to reductions in racial disparities in maternal and infant health. This report examines the maternity care landscape in Oklahoma and presents considerations for promoting the midwifery model of care and developing a pathway to education and practice for Black midwives.

Oklahoma women have worse maternal health outcomes and worse access to maternity care than women nationwide. And Black Oklahoma women are more likely to die from pregnancy-related conditions than white women. Most pregnancy-related deaths are preventable, suggesting that improving access to and the quality of maternity care could reduce maternal mortality. Evidence shows that women with healthy pregnancies who receive care from midwives have better outcomes at a lower cost than women who receive traditional maternity care. Establishing a midwifery educational program in Oklahoma focused on training and supporting Black midwives presents an opportunity to expand access to the midwifery model of care, which could lead to reductions in racial disparities in maternal and infant health. This report examines the maternity care landscape in Oklahoma and presents considerations for promoting the midwifery model of care and developing a pathway to education and practice for Black midwives.

Oklahoma women have worse maternal health outcomes and worse access to maternity care than women nationwide. And Black Oklahoma women are more likely to die from pregnancy-related conditions than white women. Most pregnancy-related deaths are preventable, suggesting that improving access to and the quality of maternity care could reduce maternal mortality. Evidence shows that women with healthy pregnancies who receive care from midwives have better outcomes at a lower cost than women who receive traditional maternity care. Establishing a midwifery educational program in Oklahoma focused on training and supporting Black midwives presents an opportunity to expand access to the midwifery model of care, which could lead to reductions in racial disparities in maternal and infant health. This report examines the maternity care landscape in Oklahoma and presents considerations for promoting the midwifery model of care and developing a pathway to education and practice for Black midwives.

High rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and late initiation of prenatal care can be asign of poor health and high levels of social risk factors in a community. On the otherhand, early entry into prenatal care and better-than-expected birth outcomes can signala supportive community environment. We identified six counties in North Carolina withbetter-than- and worse-than-expected birth outcomes among Medicaid members(Bladen, Catawba, Cumberland, Halifax, Orange, and Wayne; Johnston et al.,forthcoming) and interviewed public health officials and health care and social serviceproviders in each county to examine community-level strengths and challenges tooptimal maternal and infant health. As North Carolina looks to improve birth outcomesand reduce health disparities in its new Medicaid managed care program, findings fromthis study can provide useful insights.

High rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and late initiation of prenatal care can be asign of poor health and high levels of social risk factors in a community. On the otherhand, early entry into prenatal care and better-than-expected birth outcomes can signala supportive community environment. We identified six counties in North Carolina withbetter-than- and worse-than-expected birth outcomes among Medicaid members(Bladen, Catawba, Cumberland, Halifax, Orange, and Wayne; Johnston et al.,forthcoming) and interviewed public health officials and health care and social serviceproviders in each county to examine community-level strengths and challenges tooptimal maternal and infant health. As North Carolina looks to improve birth outcomesand reduce health disparities in its new Medicaid managed care program, findings fromthis study can provide useful insights.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the Partnering for Vaccine Equity (P4VE) program in 2020 to address racial and ethnic disparities in adult immunization rates, particularly for COVID-19 and influenza. In 2021, P4VE directed $156 million to over 500 national, state, and community-based organizations (CBOs) to improve equitable access to vaccination in communities by promoting vaccine confidence and addressing barriers to vaccination opportunities.The Urban Institute is partnering with CDC to support a subset of CBOs participating in the P4VE program. In the first year of the P4VE initiative (April 30, 2021, to April 29, 2022), the Urban Institute provided grant subawards and tailored program support and technical assistance to 29 CBOs. This report presents findings from an evaluation of CBOs' performance on P4VE program objectives in the first year, including challenges and successes CBOs experienced in their efforts to improve vaccine equity.

Gun violence in the United States is an epidemic that threatens the health and safety of individuals and families. It also has a particularly disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities, women, sexual and gender minorities, and those living in poverty. However, despite increased recognition of the pervasive, pernicious, and inequitable impacts of gun violence, federal policy to curb them remains relatively stagnant. A family health impact analysis suggests that public policy efforts can best support family well-being through laws that restrict gun ownership for those who have identifiable risk factors for violence; through expanded implementation of gun violence restraining orders; through requirements for both universal background checks at the federal level and national and community-specific gun violence awareness campaigns; and through incorporation of the expertise of family professionals.

Gun violence in the United States is an epidemic that threatens the health and safety of individuals and families. It also has a particularly disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities, women, sexual and gender minorities, and those living in poverty. However, despite increased recognition of the pervasive, pernicious, and inequitable impacts of gun violence, federal policy to curb them remains relatively stagnant. A family health impact analysis suggests that public policy efforts can best support family well-being through laws that restrict gun ownership for those who have identifiable risk factors for violence; through expanded implementation of gun violence restraining orders; through requirements for both universal background checks at the federal level and national and community-specific gun violence awareness campaigns; and through incorporation of the expertise of family professionals.

Given the COVID-19 pandemic's disproportionate effects on people of colorand increased attention to racial justice in the US, initiatives to increase health equity are sprouting up across the country (Ndugga, Artiga, and Pham 2021). These efforts range from addressing immediate health and social needs among communities most affected by the pandemic's impacts to broader and longer-range policy changes designed to eliminate systemic barriers to good health. This brief examines the role of community engagement in informing and advancing efforts to eradicate health inequities. Here, we define "community engagement" as collaborating and sharing power with communities to identify concerns and develop and implement solutions.This brief draws on interviews with representatives from national organizations, health equity experts, and stakeholders in four states, including representatives from state agencies, community-based organizations (CBOs), consumer advocacy groups, and foundations. Through these interviews, we investigated ways community engagement is being used to advance health equity and factors that promote or hinder community engagement. Many study participants expressed that community members are experts in their lives and communities who need resources and support to facilitate equitable community health and well-being. Though community engagement can take many forms, authentic and meaningful engagement in which community members are not just present but actively take part in decisionmaking requires extensive relationship and trust building that involves a significant investment of time and resources. However, interviewees acknowledged that a lack of institutional commitment, limited funding, and bureaucratic barriers impede efforts to effectively engage communities.

Given the COVID-19 pandemic's disproportionate effects on people of colorand increased attention to racial justice in the US, initiatives to increase health equity are sprouting up across the country (Ndugga, Artiga, and Pham 2021). These efforts range from addressing immediate health and social needs among communities most affected by the pandemic's impacts to broader and longer-range policy changes designed to eliminate systemic barriers to good health. This brief examines the role of community engagement in informing and advancing efforts to eradicate health inequities. Here, we define "community engagement" as collaborating and sharing power with communities to identify concerns and develop and implement solutions.This brief draws on interviews with representatives from national organizations, health equity experts, and stakeholders in four states, including representatives from state agencies, community-based organizations (CBOs), consumer advocacy groups, and foundations. Through these interviews, we investigated ways community engagement is being used to advance health equity and factors that promote or hinder community engagement. Many study participants expressed that community members are experts in their lives and communities who need resources and support to facilitate equitable community health and well-being. Though community engagement can take many forms, authentic and meaningful engagement in which community members are not just present but actively take part in decisionmaking requires extensive relationship and trust building that involves a significant investment of time and resources. However, interviewees acknowledged that a lack of institutional commitment, limited funding, and bureaucratic barriers impede efforts to effectively engage communities.

Given the COVID-19 pandemic's disproportionate effects on people of colorand increased attention to racial justice in the US, initiatives to increase health equity are sprouting up across the country (Ndugga, Artiga, and Pham 2021). These efforts range from addressing immediate health and social needs among communities most affected by the pandemic's impacts to broader and longer-range policy changes designed to eliminate systemic barriers to good health. This brief examines the role of community engagement in informing and advancing efforts to eradicate health inequities. Here, we define "community engagement" as collaborating and sharing power with communities to identify concerns and develop and implement solutions.This brief draws on interviews with representatives from national organizations, health equity experts, and stakeholders in four states, including representatives from state agencies, community-based organizations (CBOs), consumer advocacy groups, and foundations. Through these interviews, we investigated ways community engagement is being used to advance health equity and factors that promote or hinder community engagement. Many study participants expressed that community members are experts in their lives and communities who need resources and support to facilitate equitable community health and well-being. Though community engagement can take many forms, authentic and meaningful engagement in which community members are not just present but actively take part in decisionmaking requires extensive relationship and trust building that involves a significant investment of time and resources. However, interviewees acknowledged that a lack of institutional commitment, limited funding, and bureaucratic barriers impede efforts to effectively engage communities.

Given the COVID-19 pandemic's disproportionate effects on people of colorand increased attention to racial justice in the US, initiatives to increase health equity are sprouting up across the country (Ndugga, Artiga, and Pham 2021). These efforts range from addressing immediate health and social needs among communities most affected by the pandemic's impacts to broader and longer-range policy changes designed to eliminate systemic barriers to good health. This brief examines the role of community engagement in informing and advancing efforts to eradicate health inequities. Here, we define "community engagement" as collaborating and sharing power with communities to identify concerns and develop and implement solutions.This brief draws on interviews with representatives from national organizations, health equity experts, and stakeholders in four states, including representatives from state agencies, community-based organizations (CBOs), consumer advocacy groups, and foundations. Through these interviews, we investigated ways community engagement is being used to advance health equity and factors that promote or hinder community engagement. Many study participants expressed that community members are experts in their lives and communities who need resources and support to facilitate equitable community health and well-being. Though community engagement can take many forms, authentic and meaningful engagement in which community members are not just present but actively take part in decisionmaking requires extensive relationship and trust building that involves a significant investment of time and resources. However, interviewees acknowledged that a lack of institutional commitment, limited funding, and bureaucratic barriers impede efforts to effectively engage communities.

Gun violence in the United States is an epidemic that threatens the health and safety of individuals and families. It also has a particularly disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities, women, sexual and gender minorities, and those living in poverty. However, despite increased recognition of the pervasive, pernicious, and inequitable impacts of gun violence, federal policy to curb them remains relatively stagnant. A family health impact analysis suggests that public policy efforts can best support family well-being through laws that restrict gun ownership for those who have identifiable risk factors for violence; through expanded implementation of gun violence restraining orders; through requirements for both universal background checks at the federal level and national and community-specific gun violence awareness campaigns; and through incorporation of the expertise of family professionals.

Gun violence in the United States is an epidemic that threatens the health and safety of individuals and families. It also has a particularly disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities, women, sexual and gender minorities, and those living in poverty. However, despite increased recognition of the pervasive, pernicious, and inequitable impacts of gun violence, federal policy to curb them remains relatively stagnant. A family health impact analysis suggests that public policy efforts can best support family well-being through laws that restrict gun ownership for those who have identifiable risk factors for violence; through expanded implementation of gun violence restraining orders; through requirements for both universal background checks at the federal level and national and community-specific gun violence awareness campaigns; and through incorporation of the expertise of family professionals.

Gun violence in the United States is an epidemic that threatens the health and safety of individuals and families. It also has a particularly disproportionate impact on Black and Brown communities, women, sexual and gender minorities, and those living in poverty. However, despite increased recognition of the pervasive, pernicious, and inequitable impacts of gun violence, federal policy to curb them remains relatively stagnant. A family health impact analysis suggests that public policy efforts can best support family well-being through laws that restrict gun ownership for those who have identifiable risk factors for violence; through expanded implementation of gun violence restraining orders; through requirements for both universal background checks at the federal level and national and community-specific gun violence awareness campaigns; and through incorporation of the expertise of family professionals.

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

Alan Paul H., letters including unpublished poem Undressing and rejection notice from Robert Gregory (1965)

Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community‐led open‐source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain: BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km² (158 cm²) to 100 km² (1,000,000,000,000 cm²). Time period and grain: BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement: BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format: .csv and .SQL.

We propose an evolutionary framework for optimal portfolio growth theory in which investors subject to environmental pressures allocate their wealth between two assets. By considering both absolute wealth and relative wealth between investors, we show that different investor behaviors survive in different environments. When investors maximize their relative wealth, the Kelly criterion is optimal only under certain conditions, which are identified. The initial relative wealth plays a critical role in determining the deviation of optimal behavior from the Kelly criterion regardless of whether the investor is myopic across a single time period or maximizing wealth over an infinite horizon. We relate these results to population genetics, and discuss testable consequences of these findings using experimental evolution. Keywords: Kelly criterion, Portfolio optimization, Adaptive Markets Hypothesis, Evolutionary game theory

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development: vol. 32, (dlps) 17063888.0032.005, http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.17063888.0032.005, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development: vol. 30, (dlps) 17063888.0030.015, http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.17063888.0030.015, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Please contact mpub-help@umich.edu to use this work in a way not covered by the license.

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Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-628038%5DMICH-B-628038, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/628038/MICH-B-628038/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-626498%5DMICH-B-626498, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/626498/MICH-B-626498/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-628610%5DMICH-B-628610, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/628610/MICH-B-628610/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-609435%5DMICH-B-609435, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/609435/MICH-B-609435/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-551451%5DMICH-B-551451, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/551451/MICH-B-551451/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-685049%5DMICH-B-685049, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/685049/MICH-B-685049/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-628610%5DMICH-B-628610, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/628610/MICH-B-628610/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-609435%5DMICH-B-609435, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/609435/MICH-B-609435/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-626576%5DMICH-B-626576, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/626576/MICH-B-626576/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Bryophytes, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-594589%5DMICH-B-594589, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/594589/MICH-B-594589/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy