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The Mangrove is one of the plants that live in coastal areas, because a lot of their availability, mangrove leaves can be used as animal feed. The problem with this mangrove is contained a fairly high tannin which can be harmful to livestock. This study aims to determine the impact of boiled mangrove leaves (Rhizophora apiculata) with lime water on tannins, digestibility, rumen characteristics, and in vitro methane production. The design used in this study was a randomized block design using 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were boiled with the respective concentrations of quicklime water as follows, P1 (without boiling), P2 (5% lime water), P3 (10% lime water), and P4 (15% lime water) for 10 min. The results showed that boiling mangrove leaves with 5% lime water showed highly significant (p<0.01) results on total tannins content, nutrient digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, and reduced methane gas content. Nutrient digestibility includes among others: Dry matter digestibility (65.18%), organic matter digestibility (66.31%), crude protein digestibility (67.90%), and increased digestibility of fiber fractions including NDF digestibility (59.01%), ADF digestibility (55.75%), cellulose digestibility (64.02%), hemicellulose digestibility (69.61%) and increased rumen fluid characteristics such as NH3 contents (4.32 Mg/100 mL) and VFA content (130.2 mm) and Methane gas (231.39 mL/gDM). The results of this study concluded that boiling mangrove leaves in lime water at a concentration of 5% for 10 min contributed to the most prominent total tannins (4.54%) and digestibility of nutrients.

Forage is the main component of feed given to ruminants. Local feed ingredients that can be used are mangroves and native grass.  This study used the Randomized Block Design (RBD) experimental method with 4 = four treatments and 5-five replications. The treatments composed of Hay Mangrove Leaves and Native grass as follows: A (60 + 40%), B (50 + 50%), C (40 + 60%) and D (30 + 70%). Data were analyzed using General Liner Model and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Tests (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and NFE. The best ratio of the combination of mangrove leaf hay and field grass based on the in-vitro digestibility was C treatment (40% mangrove hay + 60% field grass). The digestibility value of each crude fiber was 61.24%, crude fat was 61.43% and NFE was 62.30%. This study aims to evaluate the in-vitro digestibility of crude fiber, crude fat, and Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE) of hay mangrove leave and native grass.

Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem perairan yang berperan dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim, termasuk sumber mata pencaharian, ketahanan pangan dan perlindungan dari badai dan banjir. Meskipun demikian pemanfaatannya harus dilakukan secara selektif karena bagian dari ekosistem yang dilindungi. Salah satunya dalam pemanfaatan sebagai pakan ternak yang telah dilakukan di beberapa negara seperti Vietnam, Qatar, Arab Saudi, China, dan Pakistan. Potensi mangrove sebagai pakan ternak cukup besar mengingat kelimpahannya di daerah pesisir salah satunya Rhizophora apiculata yang banyak tumbuh hampir di semua pesisir dunia, tidak terkecuali di beberapa wilayah Sumatera Barat. Daun Rhizophora apiculata memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang cukup sebagai hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia dengan komposisi, protein kasar 7.32%, serat kasar 16.83%, lemak kasar 3.07%, ADF 48.62% dan NDF 54.51%. Akan tetapi untuk menjadikan daun Rhizophora apiculata sebagai alternatif bahan hijauan pakan diperlukan perlakukan selektif khususnya dalam pemangkasan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemangkasan dengan sistem cut and carry, di mana daun dipangkas dilakukan secara selektif yang kemudian ditambahkan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan tunas. Dengan sistem ini, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Rhizophora apiculata tetap berlanjut dan tanpa merusak habitat lingkungannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengukur potensi dan pengembangan tanaman mangrove Rhizophora apiculata sebagai sumber hijauan pakan yang berkelanjutan pada daerah Pesisir Sumatera Barat. Sehingga diperlukan beberapa tahapan penelitian. Penelitian Tahap I bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberlanjutan hutan mangrove pada beberapa daerah pesisir Sumatera Barat (Sumbar) yaitu Padang, Pariaman dan Pesisir Selatan (Pessel). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada Teknik Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) yang merupakan analisis untuk mengevaluasi sustainability dari hutan mangrove secara m

This study aims to obtain the best lignin content, ligninase enzyme activity and in vitro digestibility value of fermented sugarcane shoots using Pleurotus ostreatus and Aspergillus oryzae at different fermentation times. The research process is divided into 2 stages. Stage 1 treatment samples include A1B1 = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus for 14 days; A1B2 = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus for 21 days; A1B3 = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus for 28 days; A2B1 = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for 14 days; A2B2 = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for 21 days; A2B3 = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for 28 days. The design used is a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern. Stage 2 treatment samples cover A = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Pleorotus ostreatus for 21 days; B = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Pleorotus ostreatus for 28 days; C = Sugarcane shoots fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for 21 days; D = Fermented sugarcane shoots with Aspergillus oryzae for 28 days. The design used was a randomized block design. The results showed that there was no interaction between the type of mold and the fermentation time on the lignin content (P>0.05), but there was an interaction with the enzyme activity of Laccase, LiP and MnP (P<0.05). Also, there were significant differences in the digestibility of protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, VFA and NH3 (P<005), however the digestibility of DM, OM, ADF, NDF and rumen fluid pH had no significant difference (P>0.05). It was concluded that sugarcane shoots fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus mold for 28 days got the best results with the value as follow, lignin content (11.55%), CP digestibility (57.90%), cellulose digestibility (50.25%), Hemicellulose digestibility (62.65%), Laccase enzyme activity (2.68 U/mL), Li