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In this study, we propose an algorithm that uses an improved Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm and a modified Canny edge detector to segment images that contain a considerable amount of noises. First, we use our modified Canny operator to pre-process an image, and record the obtained object boundary information; then, we apply the improved Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm to associate the above information with boundary points in order to separate edges into two classes in the image, namely the inner and boundary regions. In particular, Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm is improved by using Fractional differential and combining the functions of the intra-regional and inter-regional differences with a function for edge weights. Based on the experimental results, compared with the other four exiting algorithms, the new algorithm has the higher accuracy and the better effect for noised image segmentation., QC 20191002

The intriguing properties of zinc oxide-based semiconductors are being extensively studied as they are attractive alternatives to current silicon-based semiconductors for applications in transparent and flexible electronics. Although they have promising properties, significant improvements on performance and electrical reliability of ZnO-based thin film transistors (TFTs) should be achieved before they can be applied widely in practical applications. This work demonstrates a rational and elegant design of TFT, composed of poly crystalline ZnO:H/ZnO bilayer structure without using other metal elements for doping. The field-effect mobility and gate bias stability of the bilayer structured devices have been improved. In this device structure, the hydrogenated ultrathin ZnO:H active layer (similar to 3 nm) could provide suitable carrier concentration and decrease the interface trap density, while thick pure-ZnO layer could control channel conductance. Based on this novel structure, a high field-effect mobility of 42.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), a high on/off current ratio of 108 and a small subthreshold swing of 0.13 V dec(-1) have been achieved. Additionally, the bias stress stability of the bilayer structured devices is enhanced compared to the simple single channel layer ZnO device. These results suggest that the bilayer ZnO:H/ZnO TFTs have a great potential for low-cost thin-film electronics.

The intriguing properties of zinc oxide-based semiconductors are being extensively studied as they are attractive alternatives to current silicon-based semiconductors for applications in transparent and flexible electronics. Although they have promising properties, significant improvements on performance and electrical reliability of ZnO-based thin film transistors (TFTs) should be achieved before they can be applied widely in practical applications. This work demonstrates a rational and elegant design of TFT, composed of poly crystalline ZnO:H/ZnO bilayer structure without using other metal elements for doping. The field-effect mobility and gate bias stability of the bilayer structured devices have been improved. In this device structure, the hydrogenated ultrathin ZnO:H active layer (similar to 3 nm) could provide suitable carrier concentration and decrease the interface trap density, while thick pure-ZnO layer could control channel conductance. Based on this novel structure, a high field-effect mobility of 42.6 cm(2) V-1 s(-1), a high on/off current ratio of 108 and a small subthreshold swing of 0.13 V dec(-1) have been achieved. Additionally, the bias stress stability of the bilayer structured devices is enhanced compared to the simple single channel layer ZnO device. These results suggest that the bilayer ZnO:H/ZnO TFTs have a great potential for low-cost thin-film electronics.

The intriguing properties of zinc oxide-based semiconductors are being extensively studied as they are attractive alternatives to current silicon-based semiconductors for applications in transparent and flexible electronics. Although they have promising properties, significant improvements on performance and electrical reliability of ZnO-based thin film transistors (TFTs) should be achieved before they can be applied widely in practical applications. This work demonstrates a rational and elegant design of TFT, composed of poly crystalline ZnO:H/ZnO bilayer structure without using other metal elements for doping. The field-effect mobility and gate bias stability of the bilayer structured devices have been improved. In this device structure, the hydrogenated ultrathin ZnO:H active layer (similar to 3 nm) could provide suitable carrier concentration and decrease the interface trap density, while thick pure-ZnO layer could control channel conductance. Based on this novel structure, a high field-effect mobility of 42.6 cm2 V-1 s-1, a high on/off current ratio of 108 and a small subthreshold swing of 0.13 V dec-1 have been achieved. Additionally, the bias stress stability of the bilayer structured devices is enhanced compared to the simple single channel layer ZnO device. These results suggest that the bilayer ZnO:H/ZnO TFTs have a great potential for low-cost thin-film electronics.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/MnOx-Carbon hybrid nanofibers have been successfully synthesized by the combination of a liquid chemical redox reaction (LCRR) and a subsequent carbonization heat treatment. The nanostructures exhibit a unique one-dimensional core/shell architecture, with one-dimensional CNTs encapsulated inside and a MnOx-carbon composite nanoparticle layer on the outside. The particular porous characteristics with many meso/micro holes/pores, the highly conductive one-dimensional CNT core, as well as the encapsulating carbon matrix on the outside of the MnOx nanoparticles, lead to excellent electrochemical performance of the electrode. The CNTs/MnOx-Carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibit a high initial reversible capacity of 762.9 mAh-1, a high reversible specific capacity of 560.5 mAh-1 after 100 cycles, and excellent cycling stability and rate capability, with specific capacity of 396.2 mAh-1 when cycled at the current density of 1000 mA-1, indicating that the CNTs/MnOx-Carbon hybrid nanofibers are a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Uniform Sn/C hybrid core/shell nanocomposites were synthesized by a combination of electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere. The particular three-dimensional architecture, consisting of a Sn@C nanoparticle core and porous hollow carbon nanofiber shell, is characterized by many micro/nanochannels, enhanced mechanical support from the three-dimensional hollow carbon shell, and the abundant porous carbon matrix. The as-prepared Sn/C core/shell nanomaterials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. They display a reversible capacity of 546.7mAhg-1 up to 100 cycles at the current density of 40mAg-1 and good rate capability of 181.8mAhg-1 at 4000mAg-1. These results indicate that the composite could be a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanowebs consisting of interconnected nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of a composite of electrospun lithium-titanium/polyacrylonitrile nanowebs in argon atmosphere. This novel composite is characterized by the encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale Li4Ti5O12 crystals in the porous cotton-like carbon matrix. This unique structure, consisting of ultra-small crystals in carbon core/shell architecture, is also characterized by high porosity, with many nanopores and mesopores in the composite, and this, together with the high conductive carbon matrix, would facilitate the excellent electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanoweb electrode. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes display a reversible capacity of approximately 160.8 mAhg-1 at a current density of 30 mAg-1 and excellent cycling stability. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes also exhibit excellent rate performance, delivering a discharge capacity of over 87 mAhg-1 at a current density of 3000 mAg-1. These results indicate that the composite is a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries. 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Very large area, uniform Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanowebs consisting of interconnected nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of a composite of electrospun lithium-titanium/polyacrylonitrile nanowebs in argon atmosphere. This novel composite is characterized by the encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale Li4Ti5O12 crystals in the porous cotton-like carbon matrix. This unique structure, consisting of ultra-small crystals in carbon core/shell architecture, is also characterized by high porosity, with many nanopores and mesopores in the composite, and this, together with the high conductive carbon matrix, would facilitate the excellent electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanoweb electrode. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes display a reversible capacity of approximately 160.8 mAhg-1 at a current density of 30 mAg-1 and excellent cycling stability. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes also exhibit excellent rate performance, delivering a discharge capacity of over 87 mAhg-1 at a current density of 3000 mAg-1. These results indicate that the composite is a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries. 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Very large area, uniform Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanowebs consisting of interconnected nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of a composite of electrospun lithium-titanium/polyacrylonitrile nanowebs in argon atmosphere. This novel composite is characterized by the encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale Li4Ti5O12 crystals in the porous cotton-like carbon matrix. This unique structure, consisting of ultra-small crystals in carbon core/shell architecture, is also characterized by high porosity, with many nanopores and mesopores in the composite, and this, together with the high conductive carbon matrix, would facilitate the excellent electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanoweb electrode. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes display a reversible capacity of approximately 160.8 mAhg-1 at a current density of 30 mAg-1 and excellent cycling stability. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes also exhibit excellent rate performance, delivering a discharge capacity of over 87 mAhg-1 at a current density of 3000 mAg-1. These results indicate that the composite is a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries. 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Highly uniform, relatively large area TiO2/SnO 2/carbon hybrid nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of an as-spun titanium-tin/polyacrylonitrile nanoweb composite in an argon atmosphere. This novel composite features the uniform dispersion and encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale TiO 2/SnO2 crystals in a porous carbon matrix. The high porosity of the nanofiber composite material, together with the conductive carbon matrix, enhanced the electrochemical performance of the TiO 2/SnO2/carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO 2/SnO2/carbon nanofiber electrode displays a reversible capacity of 442.8 mA h g-1 for up to 100 cycles, and exhibits excellent rate capability. The results indicate that the composite could be a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries.

Highly uniform, relatively large area TiO2/SnO 2/carbon hybrid nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of an as-spun titanium-tin/polyacrylonitrile nanoweb composite in an argon atmosphere. This novel composite features the uniform dispersion and encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale TiO 2/SnO2 crystals in a porous carbon matrix. The high porosity of the nanofiber composite material, together with the conductive carbon matrix, enhanced the electrochemical performance of the TiO 2/SnO2/carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO 2/SnO2/carbon nanofiber electrode displays a reversible capacity of 442.8 mA h g-1 for up to 100 cycles, and exhibits excellent rate capability. The results indicate that the composite could be a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanowebs consisting of interconnected nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of a composite of electrospun lithium-titanium/polyacrylonitrile nanowebs in argon atmosphere. This novel composite is characterized by the encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale Li4Ti5O12 crystals in the porous cotton-like carbon matrix. This unique structure, consisting of ultra-small crystals in carbon core/shell architecture, is also characterized by high porosity, with many nanopores and mesopores in the composite, and this, together with the high conductive carbon matrix, would facilitate the excellent electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12/carbon composite nanoweb electrode. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes display a reversible capacity of approximately 160.8 mAhg-1 at a current density of 30 mAg-1 and excellent cycling stability. The Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrid nanoweb electrodes also exhibit excellent rate performance, delivering a discharge capacity of over 87 mAhg-1 at a current density of 3000 mAg-1. These results indicate that the composite is a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries. 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Highly uniform, relatively large area TiO2/SnO 2/carbon hybrid nanofibers were synthesized by a simple method based on thermal pyrolysis and oxidation of an as-spun titanium-tin/polyacrylonitrile nanoweb composite in an argon atmosphere. This novel composite features the uniform dispersion and encapsulation of highly uniform nanoscale TiO 2/SnO2 crystals in a porous carbon matrix. The high porosity of the nanofiber composite material, together with the conductive carbon matrix, enhanced the electrochemical performance of the TiO 2/SnO2/carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO 2/SnO2/carbon nanofiber electrode displays a reversible capacity of 442.8 mA h g-1 for up to 100 cycles, and exhibits excellent rate capability. The results indicate that the composite could be a promising anode candidate for lithium ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform TiO2@carbon composite nanofibers were easily prepared by thermal pyrolysis and oxidization of electrospun titanium(IV) isopropoxide/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in argon. The composite nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated inside a porous carbon matrix. The unique orderly-bonded nanostructure, porous characteristics, and highly conductive carbon matrix favour excellent electrochemical performance of the TiO2@carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO2@carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibited highly reversible capacity of 206 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at current density of 30 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform TiO2@carbon composite nanofibers were easily prepared by thermal pyrolysis and oxidization of electrospun titanium(IV) isopropoxide/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in argon. The composite nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated inside a porous carbon matrix. The unique orderly-bonded nanostructure, porous characteristics, and highly conductive carbon matrix favour excellent electrochemical performance of the TiO2@carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO2@carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibited highly reversible capacity of 206 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at current density of 30 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform TiO2@carbon composite nanofibers were easily prepared by thermal pyrolysis and oxidization of electrospun titanium(IV) isopropoxide/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in argon. The composite nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated inside a porous carbon matrix. The unique orderly-bonded nanostructure, porous characteristics, and highly conductive carbon matrix favour excellent electrochemical performance of the TiO2@carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO2@carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibited highly reversible capacity of 206 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at current density of 30 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform TiO2@carbon composite nanofibers were easily prepared by thermal pyrolysis and oxidization of electrospun titanium(IV) isopropoxide/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in argon. The composite nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated inside a porous carbon matrix. The unique orderly-bonded nanostructure, porous characteristics, and highly conductive carbon matrix favour excellent electrochemical performance of the TiO2@carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO2@carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibited highly reversible capacity of 206 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at current density of 30 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform TiO2@carbon composite nanofibers were easily prepared by thermal pyrolysis and oxidization of electrospun titanium(IV) isopropoxide/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in argon. The composite nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated inside a porous carbon matrix. The unique orderly-bonded nanostructure, porous characteristics, and highly conductive carbon matrix favour excellent electrochemical performance of the TiO2@carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO2@carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibited highly reversible capacity of 206 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at current density of 30 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Very large area, uniform TiO2@carbon composite nanofibers were easily prepared by thermal pyrolysis and oxidization of electrospun titanium(IV) isopropoxide/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers in argon. The composite nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated inside a porous carbon matrix. The unique orderly-bonded nanostructure, porous characteristics, and highly conductive carbon matrix favour excellent electrochemical performance of the TiO2@carbon nanofiber electrode. The TiO2@carbon hybrid nanofibers exhibited highly reversible capacity of 206 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at current density of 30 mA g−1 and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

Novel anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile aqueous alkali hydrothermal method, followed by acid washing and heating. The nanowires have a bicrystalline structure consisting of a TiO2(B) core encapsulated in an anatase shell. This hybrid nanowire has one column of entangled interface between the (001) plane of anatase and the (100) plane of TiO2(B), where a high conductivity column layer or belt comes into being, owing to the one way transfer of electron-hole carriers during the heterojunction formation. The as-prepared anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires deliver a highly reversible capacity of 196 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at 30 mAg-1 (0.1C) and excellent rate capability as high as 125 mAhg-1 when cycled at 4500 mAg-1 (15C). Owing to the excellent electrochemical performance, anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires could be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by two simple hydrothermal processes and subsequent heat treatment in argon. The composite has a unique architecture, as its morphology consists of particles having a TiO2(B) nanowire core and a porous SnO2/carbon nanoparticle shell layer. The unique core/shell structure and chemical composition will be useful for many potential applications, including the lithium ion battery. The electrochemical results on the composite are presented to demonstrate the superior cycling performance and rate capability of the TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon nanowires. This composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 669mAhg−1, and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries.

Novel anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile aqueous alkali hydrothermal method, followed by acid washing and heating. The nanowires have a bicrystalline structure consisting of a TiO2(B) core encapsulated in an anatase shell. This hybrid nanowire has one column of entangled interface between the (001) plane of anatase and the (100) plane of TiO2(B), where a high conductivity column layer or belt comes into being, owing to the one way transfer of electron-hole carriers during the heterojunction formation. The as-prepared anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires deliver a highly reversible capacity of 196 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at 30 mAg-1 (0.1C) and excellent rate capability as high as 125 mAhg-1 when cycled at 4500 mAg-1 (15C). Owing to the excellent electrochemical performance, anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires could be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by two simple hydrothermal processes and subsequent heat treatment in argon. The composite has a unique architecture, as its morphology consists of particles having a TiO2(B) nanowire core and a porous SnO2/carbon nanoparticle shell layer. The unique core/shell structure and chemical composition will be useful for many potential applications, including the lithium ion battery. The electrochemical results on the composite are presented to demonstrate the superior cycling performance and rate capability of the TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon nanowires. This composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 669mAhg−1, and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries.

Novel anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile aqueous alkali hydrothermal method, followed by acid washing and heating. The nanowires have a bicrystalline structure consisting of a TiO2(B) core encapsulated in an anatase shell. This hybrid nanowire has one column of entangled interface between the (001) plane of anatase and the (100) plane of TiO2(B), where a high conductivity column layer or belt comes into being, owing to the one way transfer of electron-hole carriers during the heterojunction formation. The as-prepared anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires deliver a highly reversible capacity of 196 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at 30 mAg-1 (0.1C) and excellent rate capability as high as 125 mAhg-1 when cycled at 4500 mAg-1 (15C). Owing to the excellent electrochemical performance, anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires could be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by two simple hydrothermal processes and subsequent heat treatment in argon. The composite has a unique architecture, as its morphology consists of particles having a TiO2(B) nanowire core and a porous SnO2/carbon nanoparticle shell layer. The unique core/shell structure and chemical composition will be useful for many potential applications, including the lithium ion battery. The electrochemical results on the composite are presented to demonstrate the superior cycling performance and rate capability of the TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon nanowires. This composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 669mAhg−1, and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2 core–shell hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process and subsequent liquid phase reaction. Hybrid nanowire electrodes exhibit excellent reversible lithium storage capacity rate capability and good cyclability, mainly due to the particular architecture of the composite, which features an open continuous channel along its axis, facilitating lithium ion diffusion, and provides effective mechanical support for the TiO2(B) core, alleviating the stress produced during discharge–charge cycling and also preventing the pulverization of the Sn nanoparticles. Owing to its superior electrochemical performance, this composite could be a promising potential anode material for lithium ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2 core–shell hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process and subsequent liquid phase reaction. Hybrid nanowire electrodes exhibit excellent reversible lithium storage capacity rate capability and good cyclability, mainly due to the particular architecture of the composite, which features an open continuous channel along its axis, facilitating lithium ion diffusion, and provides effective mechanical support for the TiO2(B) core, alleviating the stress produced during discharge–charge cycling and also preventing the pulverization of the Sn nanoparticles. Owing to its superior electrochemical performance, this composite could be a promising potential anode material for lithium ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2 core–shell hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process and subsequent liquid phase reaction. Hybrid nanowire electrodes exhibit excellent reversible lithium storage capacity rate capability and good cyclability, mainly due to the particular architecture of the composite, which features an open continuous channel along its axis, facilitating lithium ion diffusion, and provides effective mechanical support for the TiO2(B) core, alleviating the stress produced during discharge–charge cycling and also preventing the pulverization of the Sn nanoparticles. Owing to its superior electrochemical performance, this composite could be a promising potential anode material for lithium ion batteries.

Novel anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile aqueous alkali hydrothermal method, followed by acid washing and heating. The nanowires have a bicrystalline structure consisting of a TiO2(B) core encapsulated in an anatase shell. This hybrid nanowire has one column of entangled interface between the (001) plane of anatase and the (100) plane of TiO2(B), where a high conductivity column layer or belt comes into being, owing to the one way transfer of electron-hole carriers during the heterojunction formation. The as-prepared anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires deliver a highly reversible capacity of 196 mAhg-1 after 100 cycles at 30 mAg-1 (0.1C) and excellent rate capability as high as 125 mAhg-1 when cycled at 4500 mAg-1 (15C). Owing to the excellent electrochemical performance, anatase@TiO2(B) hybrid nanowires could be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by two simple hydrothermal processes and subsequent heat treatment in argon. The composite has a unique architecture, as its morphology consists of particles having a TiO2(B) nanowire core and a porous SnO2/carbon nanoparticle shell layer. The unique core/shell structure and chemical composition will be useful for many potential applications, including the lithium ion battery. The electrochemical results on the composite are presented to demonstrate the superior cycling performance and rate capability of the TiO2(B)@SnO2/carbon nanowires. This composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 669mAhg−1, and excellent cycling stability, indicating that the composite is a promising anode material for Li-ion batteries.

Novel TiO2(B)@carbon composite nanowires were simply prepared by a two-step hydrothermal process with subsequent heat treatment in argon. The nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO2(B) encapsulated inside and an amorphous carbon layer coating the outside. The unique core/shell structure and chemical composition is likely to lead to perfect performance in many applications. In this paper, the results of Li-ion battery testing are presented to demonstrate the superior cyclic performance and rate capability of the TiO2(B)@carbon nanowires. The composite nanowires exhibit a high reversible capacity of 560 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 30 mA g−1, and excellent cycling stability and rate capability (200 mAh g−1 when cycled at the current density of 750 mA g−1), indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

TiO2(B)@SnO2 core–shell hybrid nanowires have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process and subsequent liquid phase reaction. Hybrid nanowire electrodes exhibit excellent reversible lithium storage capacity rate capability and good cyclability, mainly due to the particular architecture of the composite, which features an open continuous channel along its axis, facilitating lithium ion diffusion, and provides effective mechanical support for the TiO2(B) core, alleviating the stress produced during discharge–charge cycling and also preventing the pulverization of the Sn nanoparticles. Owing to its superior electrochemical performance, this composite could be a promising potential anode material for lithium ion batteries.